451:
432:
1344:
31:
410:
have been a weak emperor whose incompetence led to the revolution, and the suffering of his people. They said he was at least partially responsible for his own murder and the murders of his wife and children. For these opponents, the fact that the Tsar was said to be, in private life, a kind man and a good husband and father did not override his poor governance of Russia.
409:
Others rejected the family's being classified as new martyrs because they were not killed because of their religious faith. There was no proof that the execution was a ritual murder. Religious leaders in both churches also had objections to canonizing the Tsar's family because they perceived him to
450:
431:
397:
noted that martyrdom in the
Russian Orthodox Church has nothing to do with the martyr's personal actions but was instead related to why he or she was killed. Other critics noted that the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad appeared to be blaming
363:
On 15 August 2000, the
Russian Orthodox Church announced the canonization of Nicholas II and his immediate family for their "'humbleness, patience and meekness'" during their imprisonment and execution by the Bolsheviks.
393:. In 1981, opponents noted Nicholas II's perceived weaknesses as a ruler and said that his actions had led to the Bolshevik Revolution, which caused so much damage for Russia and its people. One priest of the
420:
Since the late 20th century, believers have attributed healing from illnesses or conversion to the
Orthodox Church to their prayers to Maria and Alexei, as well as to the rest of the family.
537:
302:
104:
1393:
1238:
368:
1299:
711:"Определение Освященного Архиерейского Собора Русской Православной Церкви об общецерковном прославлении ряда местночтимых святых / Официальные документы / Патриархия.ru"
939:
998:
306:
168:
114:
1398:
1378:
988:
349:
298:
94:
519:
353:
993:
1003:
983:
294:
124:
84:
1403:
1373:
1368:
1319:
394:
310:
182:
417:" by the August 2000 Council, the family are referred to as "martyrs" in Church publications, icons, and in popular veneration by the people.
1347:
498:
978:
932:
74:
1304:
441:
337:
239:
796:
746:
902:
925:
321:
774:
1383:
818:
678:
853:
885:
290:
260:
206:
120:
110:
100:
90:
80:
70:
60:
1174:
948:
1314:
1184:
194:
1408:
1159:
202:
629:
1388:
604:
198:
558:
1169:
390:
314:
190:
178:
138:
48:
1413:
1294:
1138:
893:
1103:
972:
470:
456:
Church of St. Nicholas at the
Romanov Monastery near the site where the Romanovs' remains were found at
286:
186:
64:
1418:
1098:
1218:
1214:
1118:
254:
1309:
352:(the younger brother of Nicholas II) and his secretary, Nicholas Johnson, were canonized by the
1329:
1224:
1093:
804:
742:
686:
1133:
1128:
963:
278:
772:"Patriarch Aleksy Visited the Place Where the Remains of the Royal Martyrs Had Been Burned"
654:
1324:
1108:
1034:
897:
800:
778:
129:
793:
1232:
1209:
1179:
1154:
1113:
1088:
1083:
771:
414:
282:
133:
1362:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1164:
1024:
1019:
494:
437:
372:
333:
329:
243:
219:
164:
150:
1123:
1029:
475:
384:
357:
213:
273:(also called "glorification" in the Russian Orthodox Church) was the elevation to
30:
861:
830:
710:
1268:
583:
457:
403:
917:
402:
revolutionaries for the deaths and equating the political assassination with a
1289:
1248:
1228:
912:
907:
325:
690:
1056:
142:
444:," built on the spot where Nicholas II and his family were murdered in 1918
1204:
908:
Video of the canonization of 1 November 1981 by the
Russian Church Abroad
886:
In Memory of the Royal
Martyrs, by St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco
854:"A Miracle Through the Prayers of Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarevich Alexis"
807:(Posted originally on the official web site of the Moscow Patriarchate)
533:
913:
Video of the canonization of 20 August 2000 by the Moscow
Patriarchate
340:
was built on this site, and the altar stands over the execution site.
399:
247:
233:
223:
1243:
605:"The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia - Official Website"
274:
146:
42:
803:
EXCERPTS FROM THE REPORT OF METROPOLITAN OF KRUTITSA AND KOLOMNA
921:
890:
630:"Who among the Romanovs survived the Red Terror a century ago?"
389:
The canonizations were controversial for both branches of the
47:
Royal
Passion-Bearers, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Family (
782:
226:
by
Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and the Moscow Patriarchate
16:
Elevation to sainthood of the last
Imperial Family of Russia
538:
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America
520:"Church in Montenegro Marks Centenary of Romanovs' Deaths"
903:
New Martyrs, Confessors, and Passion-Bearers of Russia
41:
Royal Martyrs, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Family (
1239:
Anti-religious campaign during the Russian Civil War
1277:
1197:
1147:
1076:
1069:
1043:
1012:
962:
955:
559:"On This Day in 1918 the Romanov Family Was Killed"
253:
230:
212:
174:
158:
55:
40:
21:
1300:Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
891:The Royal Martyrs of Russia (Fr. Netarios Serfes)
679:"Nicholas II And Family Canonized For 'Passion'"
821:Miracle of the Child Martyr Grand Duchess Maria
369:Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church
1394:Russian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church
933:
218:1981 (ROCOR) and 2000 (Moscow Patriarchate),
8:
999:Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia
371:canonized Nicholas II's personal physician,
169:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
794:GROUNDS FOR CANONIZATION OF THE TSAR FAMILY
1073:
989:Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia
959:
940:
926:
918:
350:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia
18:
733:
731:
354:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
994:Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia
1004:Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia
984:Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia
486:
427:
413:Despite their official designation as "
1320:Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
584:"Church marks killing of Russian tsar"
183:Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
781:, Yekaterinburg, September 23, 2000,
499:Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
23:Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Family
7:
356:. The two men were both murdered at
1305:Church of All Saints, Yekaterinburg
762:, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., p. 495
336:. The house was later demolished.
14:
1399:Groups of Eastern Orthodox saints
1379:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
375:, as a righteous passion bearer.
1343:
1342:
449:
430:
29:
758:King, Greg, and Wilson, Penny,
739:The Romanovs: The Final Chapter
655:"Tsar Nicholas II And Thailand"
534:"St. Alexandra, Passion-Bearer"
35:Icon of the Romanov Tsar family
653:Bychkova, Xenia (2019-08-01).
495:"Holy Royal Martyrs of Russia"
395:Russian Orthodox Church Abroad
1:
1404:Eastern Orthodox royal saints
1374:Russian Orthodox child saints
1369:20th-century Christian saints
949:Murder of the Romanov family
628:Yegorov, Oleg (2018-08-01).
271:canonization of the Romanovs
858:The Royal Martyrs of Russia
827:The Royal Martyrs of Russia
83:3 November] 1895 (
1435:
1315:Romanov Family Association
852:Serfes, Demetrios (2000).
817:Serfes, Demetrios (2000).
382:
293:, and their five children
195:Antiochian Orthodox Church
1338:
203:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
28:
760:The Fate of the Romanovs
367:On 3 February 2016, the
199:Romanian Orthodox Church
123:30 July] 1904 (
103:14 June] 1899 (
1170:Mikhail Medvedev-Kudrin
391:Russian Orthodox Church
328:on 17 July 1918 at the
315:Russian Orthodox Church
207:Russian Catholic Church
191:Serbian Orthodox Church
179:Russian Orthodox Church
113:5 June] 1901 (
93:29 May] 1897 (
73:25 May] 1872 (
1295:List of Russian saints
1139:Yevgeni Preobrazhensky
79:15 November [
63:6 May] 1868 (
1384:Nicholas II of Russia
1104:Alexander Beloborodov
973:Nicholas II of Russia
471:Martyrs of Alapayevsk
187:Greek Orthodox Church
1099:Filipp Goloshchyokin
979:Alexandra Feodorovna
833:on February 13, 2006
348:On 1 November 1981,
119:12 August [
864:on February 6, 2007
749:, 1995, pp. 134-135
737:Massie, Robert K.,
659:The Postil Magazine
442:Church on the Blood
338:The Church on Blood
154:(Tsarina Alexandra)
49:Moscow Patriarchate
1219:October Revolution
1215:Russian Revolution
1119:Nikolay Tolmachyov
896:2007-02-05 at the
799:2009-05-26 at the
777:2005-08-25 at the
683:The New York Times
259:17 July [
109:18 June [
99:26 June [
89:10 June [
1356:
1355:
1330:Romanov impostors
1225:Russian Civil War
1193:
1192:
1094:Felix Dzerzhinsky
1065:
1064:
360:on 13 June 1918.
291:Tsarina Alexandra
267:
266:
175:Venerated in
69:6 June [
59:18 May [
1426:
1409:House of Romanov
1346:
1345:
1134:Gavril Myasnikov
1129:Fyodor Lukoyanov
1074:
960:
942:
935:
928:
919:
874:
873:
871:
869:
860:. Archived from
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
829:. Archived from
814:
808:
791:
785:
769:
763:
756:
750:
741:, Random House,
735:
726:
725:
723:
722:
707:
701:
700:
698:
697:
675:
669:
668:
666:
665:
650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
625:
619:
618:
616:
615:
601:
595:
594:
592:
591:
580:
574:
573:
571:
570:
563:The Moscow Times
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
530:
524:
523:
516:
510:
509:
507:
505:
491:
453:
434:
287:Tsar Nicholas II
236:
33:
19:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1389:Passion bearers
1359:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1334:
1325:Provender House
1273:
1189:
1160:Grigory Nikulin
1143:
1109:Boris Didkovsky
1061:
1039:
1035:Ivan Kharitonov
1008:
951:
946:
898:Wayback Machine
882:
877:
867:
865:
851:
850:
846:
836:
834:
816:
815:
811:
801:Wayback Machine
792:
788:
779:Wayback Machine
770:
766:
757:
753:
736:
729:
720:
718:
709:
708:
704:
695:
693:
677:
676:
672:
663:
661:
652:
651:
647:
638:
636:
627:
626:
622:
613:
611:
603:
602:
598:
589:
587:
582:
581:
577:
568:
566:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
532:
531:
527:
518:
517:
513:
503:
501:
493:
492:
488:
484:
467:
460:
454:
445:
435:
426:
415:passion-bearers
387:
381:
346:
320:The family was
279:Imperial Family
240:Church on Blood
231:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
163:
153:
137:
128:
118:
108:
98:
88:
78:
68:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1222:
1212:
1210:Russian Empire
1207:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1185:Alexey Kabanov
1182:
1180:Stepan Vaganov
1177:
1175:Pavel Medvedev
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1155:Yakov Yurovsky
1151:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1114:Georgy Safarov
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1089:Yakov Sverdlov
1086:
1084:Vladimir Lenin
1080:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
968:
966:
957:
953:
952:
947:
945:
944:
937:
930:
922:
916:
915:
910:
905:
900:
888:
881:
880:External links
878:
876:
875:
844:
809:
786:
783:Pravoslavie.ru
764:
751:
727:
702:
685:. 2000-08-15.
670:
645:
620:
596:
575:
550:
525:
522:. 24 May 2018.
511:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
473:
466:
463:
462:
461:
455:
448:
446:
436:
429:
425:
422:
380:
377:
345:
342:
265:
264:
257:
251:
250:
237:
228:
227:
216:
210:
209:
176:
172:
171:
160:
156:
155:
57:
53:
52:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1431:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:Canonizations
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:Ipatiev House
1262:
1260:
1259:Yekaterinburg
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Peter Ermakov
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:Anna Demidova
1023:
1021:
1020:Eugene Botkin
1018:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
976:
974:
970:
969:
967:
965:
961:
958:
954:
950:
943:
938:
936:
931:
929:
924:
923:
920:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
879:
863:
859:
855:
848:
845:
832:
828:
824:
822:
813:
810:
806:
802:
798:
795:
790:
787:
784:
780:
776:
773:
768:
765:
761:
755:
752:
748:
747:0-394-58048-6
744:
740:
734:
732:
728:
716:
715:Патриархия.ru
712:
706:
703:
692:
688:
684:
680:
674:
671:
660:
656:
649:
646:
635:
634:Russia Beyond
631:
624:
621:
610:
609:www.synod.com
606:
600:
597:
585:
579:
576:
564:
560:
554:
551:
539:
535:
529:
526:
521:
515:
512:
500:
496:
490:
487:
481:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
464:
459:
452:
447:
443:
439:
438:Yekaterinburg
433:
428:
423:
421:
418:
416:
411:
407:
405:
404:ritual murder
401:
396:
392:
386:
378:
376:
374:
373:Eugene Botkin
370:
365:
361:
359:
355:
351:
343:
341:
339:
335:
334:Yekaterinburg
331:
330:Ipatiev House
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
262:
258:
256:
252:
249:
245:
244:Yekaterinburg
241:
238:
235:
229:
225:
221:
220:United States
217:
215:
211:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
165:Yekaterinburg
161:
157:
152:
151:German Empire
148:
144:
140:
135:
131:
126:
122:
116:
112:
106:
102:
96:
92:
86:
82:
76:
72:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
44:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1310:White émigré
1285:Canonization
1284:
1148:Executioners
1124:Pyotr Voykov
1070:Perpetrators
1030:Alexei Trupp
868:February 25,
866:. Retrieved
862:the original
857:
847:
837:February 25,
835:. Retrieved
831:the original
826:
820:
812:
789:
767:
759:
754:
738:
719:. Retrieved
717:(in Russian)
714:
705:
694:. Retrieved
682:
673:
662:. Retrieved
658:
648:
637:. Retrieved
633:
623:
612:. Retrieved
608:
599:
588:. Retrieved
586:. 2003-07-16
578:
567:. Retrieved
565:. 2019-07-17
562:
553:
541:. Retrieved
528:
514:
502:. Retrieved
489:
476:Tsarebozhiye
419:
412:
408:
388:
385:Tsarebozhiye
366:
362:
347:
344:Canonization
319:
277:of the last
270:
268:
162:17 July 1918
1419:Blood libel
1269:Ganina Yama
1254:Ural Soviet
458:Ganina Yama
379:Controversy
289:, his wife
263:4 July]
65:Nicholas II
1363:Categories
1290:New Martyr
1249:Red Terror
1198:Background
1077:Organizers
721:2023-06-15
696:2023-06-15
664:2023-06-15
639:2023-06-15
614:2023-06-15
590:2023-06-15
569:2023-06-15
482:References
383:See also:
326:Bolsheviks
139:New Palace
1013:Entourage
691:0362-4331
313:– by the
307:Anastasia
275:sainthood
214:Canonized
143:Darmstadt
115:Anastasia
75:Alexandra
1348:Category
1205:Regicide
977:Empress
971:Emperor
964:Romanovs
894:Archived
805:JUVENALY
797:Archived
775:Archived
465:See also
130:Peterhof
956:Victims
424:Gallery
324:by the
299:Tatiana
95:Tatiana
1278:Legacy
1233:Whites
1231:&
1053:Jemmie
1050:Ortino
745:
689:
543:6 June
504:6 June
400:Jewish
322:killed
311:Alexei
309:, and
283:Russia
248:Russia
234:shrine
232:Major
224:Russia
134:Russia
125:Alexei
1244:Cheka
303:Maria
255:Feast
147:Hesse
105:Maria
43:ROCOR
1229:Reds
1044:Pets
870:2007
839:2007
743:ISBN
687:ISSN
545:2021
506:2021
440:'s "
358:Perm
295:Olga
269:The
261:O.S.
222:and
159:Died
121:O.S.
111:O.S.
101:O.S.
91:O.S.
85:Olga
81:O.S.
71:O.S.
61:O.S.
56:Born
1057:Joy
332:in
281:of
1365::
856:.
825:.
730:^
713:.
681:.
657:.
632:.
607:.
561:.
536:.
497:.
406:.
317:.
305:,
301:,
297:,
285:–
246:,
242:,
167:,
149:,
145:,
141:,
132:,
1235:)
1227:(
1221:)
1217:(
941:e
934:t
927:v
872:.
841:.
823:"
819:"
724:.
699:.
667:.
642:.
617:.
593:.
572:.
547:.
508:.
136:;
127:)
117:)
107:)
97:)
87:)
77:)
67:)
51:)
45:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
