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1027:(CESR) which allows potentially beam-perturbing high order modes to propagate out of the cavity where they can be very effectively damped. The superconducting nature of the niobium cavity means only 0.02% of the RF power put into the cavity is wasted in heating the cavity as compared to roughly 40% for normal-conducting (copper) cavities. However, a large portion of this power saving - about 160 kW out of the 250 kW saved - is needed to power the cryogenic plant required to supply liquid helium to the cavity. The SRF cavity at CLS is fed with RF from a 310 kW Thales klystron.
260:, the SAL director, submitted a proposal to CFI. The proposal was to fund 40% of the construction costs, with remaining money having to come from elsewhere. Assembling these required matching funds has been called "an unprecedented level of collaboration among governments, universities, and industry in Canada" and Bancroft – leader of the rival UWO bid – anckowledged the "Herculean" efforts of the Saskatchewan team in obtaining funds from the University, the City of Saskatoon,
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experimental facilities division, with industrial liaison scientists who make synchrotron techniques available to a "non-traditional" user base who are not synchrotron experts. By 2007 more than 60 projects had been carried out, although in a speech in the same year, then-CLS director Bill
Thomlinson said that "one of the biggest challenges for the synchrotron...is to get private users through the door", with less than 10% of time actually used by industry.
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878:. Student Jontae DesRoches commented "Elders have noticed that the landscape, where trees used to grow, there's none growing anymore. They're pretty concerned because wildlife is disappearing. Like, here there used to be rabbits and now there's none". In May 2012 three student groups were at the CLS simultaneously, with the La Loche students as the first to use the IDEAS beamline.
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electrons from the below-ground LINAC to the ground level booster in the newer CLS building, via two vertical chicanes. The full energy 2.9 GeV booster, chosen to give high orbit stability in the storage ring, operates at 1 Hz, with an RF frequency of 500 MHz, unsynchronised with the LINAC. This results in significant beam loss at the extraction energy.
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995:. Phase II added two further devices including another Budker superconducting wiggler, for the BMIT beamline. Phase III will add four more devices, filling 8 of the 9 available straight sections. Longer term development includes the replacement of two of the phase I undulators with elliptically polarizing devices.
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Hu, Y. F.; Coulthard, I.; Chevrier, D.; Wright, Glen; Igarashi, R.; Sitnikov, A.; Yates, B. W.; Hallin, E.; Sham, T. K.; Reininger, R.; Garrett, R.; Gentle, I.; Nugent, K.; Wilkins, S. (2009). "Preliminary
Commissioning and Performance of the Soft X-ray Micro-characterization Beamline at the Canadian
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Since 2021, the ring operates in a top-up mode during normal user operations, injecting every few minutes to maintain a stable ring current just below 220 mA. Prior to this change, the ring operated with a fill current of 250mA in decay mode, with two injections per day. Facility status is shown on a
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The CLS has stated that "the primary means of accessing the CLS is through a system of peer review, which ensures that the proposed science is of the highest quality and permits access to the facility to any interested researcher, regardless of regional, national, academic, industrial or governmental
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By the end of 2010 more than 1000 individual researchers had used the facility, and the number of publications had passed 500. From 2009–2012 several key metrics doubled, including the number of users and the number of publications, with more than 190 papers published in 2011. More than 400 proposals
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beamlines, three soft X-ray beamlines and two hard X-ray beamlines. Further beamlines were built in two further phases, II (7 beamlines) and III (5 beamlines), announced in 2004 and 2006 respectively. Most of these were funded through applications to CFI by individual universities including UWO, the
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Construction of the storage ring was completed in August 2003 and commissioning began the following month. Although beam could be stored, in March 2004 a large obstruction was found across the center of the chamber. Commissioning proceeded quickly after this was removed, and by June 2004 currents of
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The injection system consists of a 250 MeV LINAC, a low energy transfer line, a 2.9 GeV booster synchrotron and a high energy transfer line. The LINAC was operated for over 30 years as part of the
Saskatchewan Accelerator Lab and operates at 2856 MHz. The 78m low energy transfer line takes the
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energies produced. The drawback of this design was the limited number of straight sections. In 1994 a more conventional machine with 8 straight sections was proposed, again with 1.5 GeV energy. At this time more users of hard X-rays were interested and it was felt that both the energy and number of
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and its building in two phases since opening. As a national synchrotron facility with over 1000 individual users, it hosts scientists from all regions of Canada and around 20 other countries. Research at the CLS has ranged from viruses to superconductors to dinosaurs, and it has also been noted for
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corporation, Canadian Light Source Inc., CLSI, which had primary responsibility for the technical design, construction and operation of the facility. As a separate corporation from the
University, CLSI had the legal and organizational freedom suitable for this responsibility. UMA, an experienced
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The CLS building was also expanded in two phases. A glass and steel expansion was completed in 2007 to house the phase II medical imaging beamline BMIT, and construction on the expansion needed to house the phase III Brockhouse beamline started in July 2011 and is still ongoing as of July 2012.
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became prominent in the design. In 1991 CISR submitted a proposal to NSERC for a final design study. This was turned down, but in later years, under
President Peter Morand, NSERC became more supportive. In 1994 NSERC committee recommended a Canadian synchrotron light source and a further NSERC
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and 9 sections available for insertion devices. Each cell has two bending magnets detuned to allow some dispersion in the straights – the so-called double-bend achromat structure – and thus reduce the overall beam size. As well as the two bend magnets each cell has three families of quadrupole
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From inception, the CLS showed a "strong commitment to industrial users and private/public partnerships", with then-director
Bancroft reporting "more than 40 letters of support from industry indicating that is important for what they do". The CLS has an industrial group, within the larger
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Hu, Y. F.; Zuin, L.; Wright, G.; Igarashi, R.; McKibben, M.; Wilson, T.; Chen, S. Y.; Johnson, T.; Maxwell, D.; Yates, B. W.; Sham, T. K.; Reininger, R. (207). "Commissioning and performance of the variable line spacing plane grating monochromator beamline at the
Canadian Light Source".
649:. The team grew nanocrystals of iron and nickel on carbon. Traditional batteries lack this structure, mixing iron and nickel with conductors more or less randomly. The result was a strong chemical bond between the materials, which the team identified and studied at the synchrotron.
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The CLS has an education program – "Students on the
Beamlines" – funded by NSERC Promoscience. This outreach program for science allows high school students to fully experience the work of a scientist, in addition to having the chance to use the CLS beamlines.
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in the USA. He decided not to stay on as director of the
Saskatoon facility because his expertise was in subatomic particles, and, he argued, the head of the CLS should be a researcher who specializes in using such a facility. His successor was Mike Bancroft
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All five of the phase I X-ray beamlines use insertion devices. Four use permanent magnet undulators designed and assembled at the CLS, including one in-vacuum undulator and one elliptically polarized undulator (EPU). The HXMA beamline uses a superconducting
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896:'s Education and Communication Award "in recognition of its commitment to community outreach, increasing public awareness of synchrotron science, and developing innovative and outstanding secondary educational programs such as Students on the Beamlines".
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This project lead to the founding a spin-off company — Canadian
Isotope Innovations Corporation (CIIC), which was described as part of CEO Rob Lamb's 'legacy of accomplishment' when he departed the facility in 2021. The CIIC declared bankruptcy in 2024.
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The SAL LINAC was refurbished and placed back into service in 2002 while the booster and storage rings were still under construction. First turn was achieved in the booster ring in July 2002 with full booster commissioning completed by September 2002.
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were received for beam time in 2012, with approximately a 50% oversubscription rate averaged over the operational beamlines. By 2012 the user community spanned all regions of Canada and around 20 other countries. That year a high school group from
881:"The aim for the students," according to CLS education and outreach coordinator Tracy Walker, "is to get an authentic scientific inquiry that's different from the examples in textbooks that have been done thousands of times." Students from six
864:"The program allows students the development of active research, a very rare phenomena in schools and provides direct access to the use of a particle accelerator, something even rarer!" said teacher Steve Desfosses form College Saint-Bernard,
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committee was formed to select between two bids to host such a facility, from the Universities of Saskatchewan and Western Ontario. In 1996 this committee recommended that the Canadian Light Source be built in Saskatchewan.
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Feng, Renfei; Dolton, Wade; Igarashi, Ru; Wright, Glen; Bradford, Morgan; McIntyre, Stewart; Garrett, R.; Gentle, I.; Nugent, K.; Wilkins, S. (2009). "Commissioning of the VESPERS Beamline at the Canadian Light Source".
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A further push towards a Canadian synchrotron light source started in 1990 with formation of the Canadian Institute for Synchrotron Radiation (CISR), initiated by Bruce Bigham of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
204:(NRC) for a feasibility study on a possible synchrotron lightsource in Canada. In 1975 a proposal to build a dedicated synchrotron lightsource in Canada was submitted to NRC. This was also unsuccessful. In 1977
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found in Saskatchewan in 1991, one of the most complete and largest T-rex skeletons ever found. They looked at the concentration of elements in bones to study the impact of the environment on such animals.
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was writer-in-residence for two months in 2009 in what he called a "once in a lifetime opportunity to hang out with working scientists" While there he wrote most of the novel "Wonder", which won the 2012
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The 1991 proposal to NSERC envisioned a 1.5 GeV storage ring, since at this time the interest of the user community was mainly in the soft X-ray range. The ring was a racetrack layout of four to six
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said "There were many challenges to overcome, but thanks to the vision, dedication and persistence of its supporters, the Canadian Light Source synchrotron is open for business in Saskatoon."
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Regier, T; Krochak, J; Sham, T. K.; Hu, Y. F.; Thompson, J.; Blyth, R. I. R. (2007). "Performance and capabilities of the CanadianDragon: The SGM beamline at the Canadian Light Source".
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967:. The ring circumference is 171m, with a straight section length of 5.2m. The CLS is the smallest of the newer synchrotron facilities, which results in a relatively high horizontal
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Kaznatcheev, K. V.; Karunakaran, Ch.; Lanke, U. D.; Urquhart, S. G.; Obst, M.; Hitchcock, A. P. (2007). "Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy beamline at the CLS: Commissioning results".
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793:, during a live link-up, by video chat and remote control software, between the two facilities. January 18, 2017 Canadian Science Minister Kirsty Duncan toured the complex.
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The first external user was hosted in 2005, and the first research papers with results from the CLS were published in March 2006 – one from the University of Saskatchewan on
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Bancroft's appointment ended in October 2001 and he returned to UWO, with Mark de Jong appointed acting director. Bancroft remained as acting Scientific Director until 2004.
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campaign stop in Saskatoon. He gave a speech on the mezzanine level of the building following his tour of the facility, praising the project for helping to reverse the
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200:(UWO) organised a workshop on its uses. At that time there were no users of synchrotron radiation in Canada. In 1973 McGowan submitted an unsuccessful proposal to the
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Jiang, D. T.; Chen, N.; Zhang, L.; Malgorzata, K.; Wright, G.; Igarashi, R.; Beuregard, D.; Kirkham, M.; McKibben, M. (2006). "XAFS at the Canadian Light Source".
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Achenbach, Sven; Subramanian, Venkat; Klymyshyn, David; Wells, Garth (2010). "Synchrotron laboratory for micro and nano devices: facility concept and design".
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825:, the parent isotope of technetium-99. As part of this project a 35MeV LINAC has been installed in an unused underground experimental hall previously used for
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Cutler, J.; Christensen, C.; Kotzer, T.G.; Ogunremi, T; Pushparajah, T.; Warner, J. (2007). "The Canadian Light Source – A new tool for industrial research".
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Cutler, Jeffrey; Hallin, Emil; de Jong, Mark; Thomlinson, William; Ellis, Thomas (2007). "The Canadian Light Source: The newest synchrotron in the Americas".
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In 1999 then-Saskatoon mayor Dayday stated that "the CLS will add $ 122 million to Canada's GDP during construction and $ 12 million annually after that". An
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3552:. IPAC2019. Boland Mark (Ed.), Tanaka Hitoshi (Ed.), Button David (Ed.), Dowd Rohan (Ed.), Schaa, Volker RW (Ed.), Tan Eugene (Ed.): 4 pages, 0.825 MB.
400:, university presidents and leading scientists. October 2004 was declared "Synchrotron Month" by the city of Saskatoon and the Saskatchewan government.
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The new building – attached to the existing SAL building, and measuring 84m by 83m in area with a maximum height of 23m – was completed in early 2001.
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straight sections were too low. By the time funding was secured in 1999 the design had changed to 2.9 GeV, with longer straight sections to enable two
256:(CFI) was created to fund large scientific projects, possibly to provide a mechanism to fund the CLS. In 1998 a University of Saskatchewan team led by
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as part of the proposal, and the resulting shortfall was met in part by the spontaneous announcement by the Saskatoon city council and then Mayor
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On 22 October 2004 the CLS officially opened, with an opening ceremony attended by federal and provincial dignitaries, including then-Federal
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that they would double their contribution as long as other partners would. On 31 March 1999 the success of the CFI proposal was announced.
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2009/10 and 10/11 showed the CLS had added $ 45 million per year to the Canadian GDP, or about $ 3 for every $ 1 of operating funding.
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Saskatchewan became the first to use the purpose built educational beamline IDEAS. Also in 2012 the CLS signed an agreement with the
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Hallin, Emil; de Jong, Mark; Ellis, Thomas; Thomlinson, William; Dalzell, Matthew (2012). "Canadian Light Source Facility Update".
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494:. By 2007 more than 150 external users had used the CLS, and all seven of the initial beamlines had achieved significant results.
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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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Michaëlle Jean (C) at the Canadian Light Source, with CLS Director Josef Hormes (L) and University of Saskatchewan President
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visited the CLS as part of a two-day tour of Saskatchewan. In April 2012 the CLS was "visited" remotely by Governor General
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New director Bill Thomlinson, an expert in synchrotron medical imaging, arrived in November 2002. He was recruited from the
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May, Tim; Ellis, Thomas; Reininger, Ruben (2007). "Mid-infrared spectromicroscopy beamline at the Canadian Light Source".
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May, Tim; Appadoo, Dominique; Ellis, Thomas; Reininger, Ruben (2006). "Infrared Beamlines at the Canadian Light Source".
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817:. In 2011 the Canadian Light Source received $ 14 Million in funding to investigate the feasibility of using an electron
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awarded capital funding. CSRF, owned and operated by NRC, grew from the initial beamline to a total of three by 1998.
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CLS scientist Luca Quaroni and University of Saskatchewan professor Alan Casson used infrared microscopy to identify
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The storage ring cell structure has a fairly compact lattice with twelve straight sections available for injection,
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Macromolecular crystallography beamline suitable for studying small crystals and crystals with large unit cells.
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The initial funding included seven beamlines, referred to as Phase I, which covered the full spectral range: two
3546:"Virtual Shimming and Magnetic Measurements of two Long Period APPLE-II Undulators at the Canadian Light Source"
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Wysokinski, Tomasz W.; Chapman, Dean; Adams, Gregg; Renier, Michel; Suortti, Pekka; Thomlinson, William (2007).
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X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Interchangeable endstations, allows use of non-
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Bergstrom, John C.; Vogt, Johannes M. (2006). "The optical diagnostic beamline at the Canadian Light Source".
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Bergstrom, John C.; Vogt, Johannes M. (2008). "The X-ray diagnostic beamline at the Canadian Light Source".
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With NSERC unable to supply the required funds it was not clear where funding would come from. In 1997 the
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field. It opened in 2004 after a 30-year campaign by the Canadian scientific community to establish a
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2595:"Advanced Photon Source, Canadian Light Source Strengthen Ties, Expand X-ray Technology and Research"
1967:
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have been directly involved in experiments, some of which have yielded publishable-quality research.
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334:, with extensive experience managing large technical and civil construction projects, was hired as
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students from La Loche, Saskatchewan have taken part in this program twice, looking at effects of
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Bill Thomlinson retired in 2008, and in May of that year physics professor Josef Hormes of the
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At the start of the project, all staff members with the former SAL were transferred into a new
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3318:"Beamlines of the biomedical imaging and therapy facility at the Canadian light source—Part 1"
3238:
2943:"Le synchrotron de Saskatoon mis à la portée de jeunes scientifiques du Collège Saint-Bernard"
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3370:"Beamline 08ID-1, the prime beamline of the Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility"
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in the late 1700s. They used X-ray fluorescence to look for trace elements such as lead and
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2303:"Leading Scientist Recruited as Research Director for Canadian Light Source at the U of S"
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Life- and environmental science research using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and imaging.
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due to close in 2016, there was a need to find alternative sources of the medical isotope
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Bancroft, G. M. (2004). "The Canadian Light Source – History and scientific prospects".
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Using the X-ray spectromicroscopy beamline, a research team led by scientists from the
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Resonant- and non-resonant, small and wide angle X-ray scattering. X-ray diffraction.
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Very Sensitive Elemental and Structural Probe Employing Radiation from a Synchrotron
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and the University of British Columbia, found the first experimental evidence that a
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to allow for variable functions in the straights. The design contemplated the use of
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3211:"Rectifying unexpected injection issues due to an elliptically polarizing undulator"
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2916:"USask and Canadian Light Source announce Executive Director Rob Lamb's retirement"
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Infrared spectromicroscopic imaging at diffraction-limited spatial resolution, and
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Blomqvist, I.; Dallin, L.; Hallin, E.; Lowe, D.; Silzer, R.; De Jong, M. (2001).
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Blomqvist, I.; Dallin, L.; Hallin, E.; Lowe, D.; Silzer, R.; De Jong, M. (2001).
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687:. This has implications for the use of graphene in a variety of future products.
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synchrotron in the USA to allow Canadian researchers access to their facilities.
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642:. The new battery charges in less than two minutes, thanks to a newly developed
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2717:"Canadian Light Source making positive economic, scientific impacts for Canada"
2271:"Progress at Canada's national synchrotron facility: the Canadian Light Source"
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in one straight section, to maximize the number of insertion device beamlines.
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2967:"Northern Exposure: Students from Saskatchewan's North do synchrotron science"
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The CLS building in 2008, with the expansion for the BMIT beamline on the left
68:
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1708:"CIHR Research: Re-Inventing the Microscope: The Canadian Light Source (CLS)"
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and the University of Saskatchewan used the CLS to investigate the deaths of
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using X-ray crystallography at the CLS. This enzyme replicates itself as the
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Higher energy and larger animal capabilities than possible on the BM line
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are planned for late summer 2012, with the results to be evaluated by the
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The expansion for the Brockhouse beamlines under construction in July 2012
268:. At a late hour CFI told the proponents that it would not accept the SAL
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Grochulski, P.; Fodje, M. N.; Gorin, J.; Labiuk, S. L.; Berg, R. (2011).
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from the top of the storage ring the day before the official opening. In
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2691:"Canadian Light Source spots speed bumps in graphene's electron highway"
2042:"Industrial involvement in the construction of synchrotron lightsources"
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In March 2005 leading infrared researcher Tom Ellis joined the CLS from
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1791:"Status of the CLS – new opportunities for Physics research in Canada"
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of 18.2 nm-rad. The CLS was also one of the first facilities to
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and the other from the University of Western Ontario on materials for
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Accelerator beam diagnostic beamline operating in the visible range.
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proposals for beamtime, under the chairmanship of Adam Hitchcock of
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Accelerator beam diagnostic beamline operating in the X-ray range.
668:. They used four synchrotrons including the REIXS beamline at CLS.
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Ellis, Thomas (2012). "Canadian Light Source Hitting its Stride".
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Ultrahigh resolution infrared spectroscopy of gas-phase molecules
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storage ring, and the building occupies a footprint the size of a
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604:. This disease can lead to an aggressive form of cancer known as
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as Director of Research. He had previously spent 16 years at the
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593:. Its duplication is responsible for the onset of such viruses.
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Gabriel Dumont Institute of Native Studies and Applied Research
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1934:"Professor uses new technology to shed light on dinosaur bones"
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High school students from La Loche at the Canadian Light Source
208:, also of UWO, submitted a proposal to NRC to build a Canadian
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its industrial science and its high school education programs.
2486:"Famed sci-fi author to be writer-in-residence at synchrotron"
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2025:"Synchrotron: Canadian Light Source 70 years in the making'"
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Layout of beamlines at the Canadian Light Source synchrotron
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per straight, delivering beam to two independent beamlines.
3544:
Baribeau, Cameron; Pedersen, Tor; Sigrist, Michael (2019).
3185:"Insertion Device Development at the Canadian Light Source"
2993:"Experiment teaches students hands-on chemistry curriculum"
180:
from the first CSRF beamline, now a museum piece at the CLS
154:
facility in Canada. It has expanded both its complement of
1642:
Canadian industrial research and development organizations
1019:
in the storage ring from the beginning of operations. The
932:
The booster and storage rings inside the experimental hall
355:
where he had been the head of the medical research group.
1905:"Synchrotrons help bring superconductors out of the cold"
1119:
Imaging small to medium-sized animals (up to sheep size)
2212:"Dignitaries gather to mark synchrotron's grand opening"
2165:"Canadian Light Source status and commissioning results"
1023:
cavity is based on the 500 MHz design used at the
638:
worked with CLS scientists to design a cleaner, faster
577:
spreads through the body, and has been linked to other
63:(Chief Science Officer), Mark Boland (machine director)
3550:
Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf
264:, NRC, the Provincial Government of Saskatchewan, and
16:
Synchrotron light source facility in Saskatoon, Canada
4067:
Sylvia Fedoruk Canadian Centre for Nuclear Innovation
3786:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
3608:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
3573:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
3508:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
3473:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
3325:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
2518:. Toronto: Penguin Group (Canada). Acknowledgements.
2093:"Commissioning report of the CLS booster synchrotron"
1960:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B
1673:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
1637:
Canadian university scientific research organizations
1632:
Canadian government scientific research organizations
2460:"Canadian Light Source names new executive director"
2397:"Canada's medical imaging "crown jewel" takes shape"
600:
inside individual cells from tissue associated with
4428:
4372:
4352:
4331:
4315:
4259:
4252:
4232:
4191:
4184:
4168:
4080:
4039:
3991:
3948:
3898:
3209:Wurtz, W.A.; Baribeau, C.K.; Sigrist, M.J. (2023).
2743:"Prime Minister makes election stop at Synchrotron"
1997:"Synchrotron recognized for educational excellence"
1628:(Used for Accelerator and Beamline Control Systems)
1479:X-ray absorption fine structure, X-ray microprobe.
98:
88:
77:
67:
53:
43:
35:
1541:Variable Line Spacing Plane Grating Monochromator
1529:Hard X-ray microprobe using X-ray diffraction and
1487:Synchrotron Laboratory for Micro And Nano Devices
569:professor Ken Ng solved the detailed structure of
4224:Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
2765:"Prime Minister Chrétien Visits CLS in Saskatoon"
2566:"Synchrotron hub of high school student research"
2329:"Research results begin to flow from synchrotron"
1202:Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility
128:Centre canadien de rayonnement synchrotron – CCRS
3935:Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy
3044:"Injection system for the Canadian Light Source"
1406:High Resolution Spherical Grating Monochromator
1376:Resonant Elastic and Inelastic X-ray Scattering
1217:High throughput macromolecular crystallography.
561:The REIXS beamline with CLS scientist Feizhou He
296:The CLS building under construction in June 2000
3117:19th Particle Accelerator Conference (Pac 2001)
3077:19th Particle Accelerator Conference (Pac 2001)
774:of scientists from Canada. In August 2010 then-
664:instability competes with superconductivity in
240:showed interest in designing the ring, but the
114:The Canadian Light Source building from the air
4477:Non-profit organizations based in Saskatchewan
4395:European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
4302:Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)
4219:National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)
4214:Cornell High-Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)
2621:"Researchers Shed Light on Esophageal Disease"
1556:High resolution X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
304:CLS ring tunnel construction under way in 2001
279:The following month Skopik took a position at
4267:Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF)
4146:
3874:
2643:"Synchrotron reveals tales told by old bones"
142:, Canada. The CLS has a third-generation 2.9
8:
3038:
3036:
2865:"Sask. Synchrotron to make medical isotopes"
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2020:
2018:
1015:The CLS was the first light source to use a
21:
4344:Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI)
4072:Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization
2817:"Saskatoon synchrotron operated via Brazil"
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
1649:(movie filmed at the Canadian Light Source)
940:Chicaned undulators inside the storage ring
766:visited the CLS in November 2000 during an
321:on top of the storage ring, 21 October 2004
4256:
4188:
4153:
4139:
4131:
3881:
3867:
3859:
3103:
3101:
3015:"Particle accelerating ... in high school"
1785:
1783:
1781:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1464:Soft X-ray Microcharacterization Beamline
196:dates from 1972, when Bill McGowan of the
27:
20:
4339:Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS)
3385:
3352:
2891:"Producing medical isotopes using X-rays"
1870:
1868:
1723:
553:presenting their data at a seminar at CLS
362:regions surrounding straights with extra
3179:
3177:
3175:
2560:
2558:
2556:
1991:
1989:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1596:Plasma Physics Laboratory (Saskatchewan)
1591:List of synchrotron radiation facilities
1042:
134:facility, located on the grounds of the
3910:College of Agriculture and Bioresources
2234:"Lynne Yelich on Canadian Light Source"
1928:
1926:
1899:
1897:
1876:"U of C researcher cracks Norwalk code"
1658:
1606:Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility
353:European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
214:Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility
3940:Western College of Veterinary Medicine
3110:"The Canadian Light Source: an update"
3070:"The Canadian Light Source: an update"
1953:
1951:
1351:Quantum Materials Spectroscopy Centre
829:experiments with the SAL LINAC. First
714:Industrial program and economic impact
188:The SAL LINAC, seen at the CLS in 2011
4482:Buildings and structures in Saskatoon
3539:
3537:
2791:"Michaëlle Jean wraps up Sask. visit"
1706:Bisby, Mark; Maitland, Peter (2005).
679:showing how folds and ripples act as
673:State University of New York, Buffalo
370:bends in some locations to boost the
7:
2190:"October declared Synchrotron Month"
486:. A committee was set up in 2006 to
4487:1999 establishments in Saskatchewan
4062:Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory
3265:"Three useful Twitter case studies"
2930:"Canadian Isotope Innovations Corp"
1601:Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory
1293:Purpose-built educational beamline
989:Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
513:was announced as the new director.
242:Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory
2719:. 22 November 2011. Archived from
1801:: 21. January 2011. Archived from
705:at the CLS, including "Scotty," a
432:Operation and expansion: 2005–2012
14:
3267:. 5 February 2011. Archived from
2399:. 1 December 2007. Archived from
1533:. X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
1454:Photoemission electron microscopy
1061:Energy range (keV unless stated)
722:Image of a cellphone taken at CLS
224:, USA, and in 1978 newly created
4467:Synchrotron radiation facilities
4272:High Energy Photon Source (HEPS)
4162:Synchrotron radiation facilities
3743:Review of Scientific Instruments
3558:10.18429/JACOW-IPAC2019-TUPRB003
3374:Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
2693:. 15 August 2011. Archived from
1392:Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy
1162:In-vacuum undulator and wiggler
1152:X-ray diffraction and scattering
902:
892:In 2012 the CLS was awarded the
666:high-temperature superconductors
656:, including scientists from the
266:Western Economic Diversification
254:Canada Foundation for Innovation
4292:Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II)
3017:. 10 March 2010. Archived from
2819:. 29 April 2012. Archived from
2645:. 30 April 2012. Archived from
2331:. 18 April 2006. Archived from
2118:"Thomlinson to head CLS Nov. 1"
1878:. 20 March 2008. Archived from
1267:X-ray absorption fine structure
1127:Biomedical Imaging and Therapy
1017:superconducting RF (SRF) cavity
222:University of Wisconsin-Madison
4093:Innovation Place Research Park
4088:Graduate Students' Association
2969:. October 2011. Archived from
2767:. 26 June 2012. Archived from
2597:. 18 June 2012. Archived from
2425:. 27 July 2011. Archived from
2305:. 1 March 2005. Archived from
1999:. 11 June 2012. Archived from
1907:. 13 July 2012. Archived from
1621:Innovation Place Research Park
1329:Optical Synchrotron Radiation
1177:Macromolecular crystallography
459:University of British Columbia
330:engineering firm, now part of
168:The road to the CLS: 1972–1999
1:
4462:Research institutes in Canada
3822:Canadian Light Source Website
2568:. 28 May 2012. Archived from
2462:. 20 May 2008. Archived from
2067:"CLS Newsletter October 2001"
1760:Canadian Journal of Chemistry
1433:Soft X-ray Spectromicroscopy
1074:X-ray absorption spectroscopy
1025:Cornell Electron Storage Ring
683:for electrons, affecting its
565:An international team led by
484:organic light-emitting diodes
198:University of Western Ontario
4492:Companies based in Saskatoon
4204:Advanced Photon Source (APS)
3968:Horizon College and Seminary
1851:10.1080/08940886.2012.683354
1564:X-Ray Synchrotron Radiation
963:magnets and two families of
690:A collaboration between the
218:Synchrotron Radiation Center
4457:Nuclear research institutes
4209:Canadian Light Source (CLS)
4199:Advanced Light Source (ALS)
4176:African Light Source (AfLS)
3973:Saskatoon Theological Union
2669:"A cleaner, faster battery"
2140:"The Canadian Light Source"
4508:
4472:University of Saskatchewan
3915:Edwards School of Business
3891:University of Saskatchewan
3806:10.1016/j.nima.2008.01.080
3715:AIP Conference Proceedings
3644:AIP Conference Proceedings
3628:10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.083
3593:10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.071
3528:10.1016/j.nima.2006.02.200
3493:10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.074
3438:AIP Conference Proceedings
3411:AIP Conference Proceedings
3345:10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.087
3235:10.1016/j.nima.2022.168001
2363:Synchrotron Radiation News
1980:10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.051
1831:Synchrotron Radiation News
1693:10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.086
1366:photoemission spectroscopy
1320:photoacoustic spectroscopy
1251:Hard X-ray micro-Analysis
1072:Life science beamline for
511:Louisiana State University
383:100mA could be achieved .
246:University of Saskatchewan
136:University of Saskatchewan
94:Canadian Light Source Inc.
4057:Royal University Hospital
4052:Plasma Physics Laboratory
4009:Physical Activity Complex
3691:10.1007/s00542-010-1071-3
3387:10.1107/S0909049511019431
2448:CLS Newsletter June 2007
2375:10.1080/08940880601064950
1364:Spin- and angle-resolved
1011:Superconducting RF cavity
696:Royal Saskatchewan Museum
627:in bones from a recently
606:esophageal adenocarcinoma
505:, former director of the
202:National Research Council
26:
4420:Swiss Light Source (SLS)
4108:Peter MacKinnon Building
3845:52.136806°N 106.631250°W
3671:Microsystem Technologies
1302:Mid IR Spectromicroscopy
894:Canadian Nuclear Society
807:Chalk River Laboratories
216:(CSRF), at the existing
132:synchrotron light source
48:Synchrotron light source
3963:St. Thomas More College
2843:"Minister Duncan Visit"
1506:with large area format
797:Medical isotope project
698:has been investigating
516:Science fiction author
288:Construction: 1999–2004
140:Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
130:) is Canada's national
4436:Australian Synchrotron
3920:College of Engineering
3850:52.136806; -106.631250
3749:(8): 083109–083109–5.
2276:. 2007. Archived from
1448:Scanning transmission
1040:
941:
933:
857:
838:Health Sciences Centre
785:. He was visiting the
759:
723:
658:University of Waterloo
562:
554:
535:Advanced Photon Source
473:Université de Montréal
449:
441:
322:
305:
297:
189:
181:
127:
115:
4103:Museum of Antiquities
4047:Canadian Light Source
1647:Singularity Principle
1281:Educational beamline
1227:Infrared spectroscopy
1038:
939:
931:
919:Technical description
887:Northwest Territories
855:
753:
732:economic impact study
721:
654:Politecnico di Milano
567:University of Calgary
560:
551:Evan Hardy Collegiate
548:
447:
439:
311:
303:
295:
194:synchrotron radiation
192:Canadian interest in
187:
175:
152:synchrotron radiation
120:Canadian Light Source
113:
22:Canadian Light Source
4385:Diamond Light Source
4287:Taiwan Photon Source
4014:Saskatchewan Huskies
4004:Merlis Belsher Place
3901:Colleges and schools
2697:on 26 September 2011
2601:on 10 September 2012
2540:"Prix Aurora Awards"
2466:on 24 September 2015
1712:Healthcare Quarterly
1425:-compatible samples
1273:, X-ray diffraction
1225:High Resolution Far
1188:in-vacuum undulator
1085:in-vacuum undulator
1007:account on Twitter.
762:Then-Prime Minister
692:University of Regina
395:Saskatchewan Premier
4297:Photon Factory (PF)
4282:Taiwan Light Source
3983:St. Peter's College
3951:affiliated colleges
3930:College of Medicine
3841: /
3798:2008NIMPA.587..441B
3755:2007RScI...78h3109H
3683:2010MiTec..16.1293A
3620:2007NIMPA.582...96K
3585:2007NIMPA.582...93R
3520:2006NIMPA.562..495B
3485:2007NIMPA.582..111M
3337:2007NIMPA.582...73W
3227:2023NIMPA104868001W
3154:"Insertion devices"
3125:2001pac..conf.2680B
3085:2001pac..conf.2680B
2948:15 January 2013 at
2192:. 24 September 2004
1972:2007NIMPB.261..859C
1843:2012SRNew..25...35E
1725:10.12927/hcq..17051
1685:2007NIMPA.582...11C
1611:G. Michael Bancroft
675:produced images of
662:charge density wave
636:Stanford University
613:Lakehead University
602:Barrett's esophagus
492:McMaster University
388:Minister of Finance
59:Bill Matiko (CEO),
23:
4029:Women's ice hockey
4019:Women's basketball
3958:Briercrest College
3677:(8–9): 1293–1298.
2871:. 24 November 2011
2823:on 24 January 2013
2745:. 24 November 2000
2575:on 15 January 2013
2429:on 15 January 2013
2073:on 4 February 2012
1936:. 28 December 2011
1531:X-ray fluorescence
1394:and resonant soft
1099:Biomedical Imaging
1041:
942:
934:
913:Mezzanine at night
858:
760:
724:
652:A team led by the
619:sailors buried in
563:
555:
503:University of Bonn
450:
442:
323:
306:
298:
262:Saskatchewan Power
190:
182:
116:
103:www.lightsource.ca
44:Research type
4444:
4443:
4368:
4367:
4248:
4247:
4128:
4127:
3999:Griffiths Stadium
3763:10.1063/1.2778613
3727:10.1063/1.3463199
3656:10.1063/1.3463208
3450:10.1063/1.2644695
3423:10.1063/1.2436127
2973:on 7 January 2012
2845:. 18 January 2017
2771:on 5 October 2017
2525:978-0-670-06743-5
2512:Sawyer, Robert J.
2236:. 21 October 2004
2214:. 5 November 2004
1911:on 19 August 2012
1795:Physics in Canada
1616:Amira Abdelrasoul
1582:
1581:
1504:X-ray lithography
1315:560–6000 cm
999:"machine status"
965:sextupole magnets
848:Education program
746:Official visitors
611:Researchers from
525:for best novel."
523:Prix Aurora Award
469:Acadia University
463:Guelph University
377:insertion devices
148:Canadian football
108:
107:
4499:
4257:
4189:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4132:
4040:Research centres
3902:
3892:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3810:
3809:
3792:(2–3): 441–457.
3781:
3775:
3774:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3541:
3532:
3531:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3322:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3293:. Archived from
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3181:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3156:. Archived from
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3133:
3127:. Archived from
3114:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3074:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2963:
2957:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2797:. 24 August 2010
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2562:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2492:. 8 January 2009
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2456:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2423:"CLS Newsletter"
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2358:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2069:. Archived from
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2038:
2032:
2029:The Star-Phoenix
2022:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2003:on 6 August 2012
1993:
1984:
1983:
1966:(1–2): 859–862.
1955:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1837:(3): 1028–1042.
1826:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1787:
1776:
1775:
1766:(6): 1028–1042.
1755:
1738:
1737:
1727:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1668:
1450:X-ray microscopy
1396:X-ray scattering
1240:10–1000 cm
1043:
1003:, and using the
945:Injection system
906:
815:nuclear medicine
813:, a mainstay of
776:Governor General
634:Scientists from
518:Robert J. Sawyer
402:Peter Mansbridge
336:project managers
313:Peter Mansbridge
90:Operating agency
61:Ingrid Pickering
31:
24:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4424:
4364:
4348:
4327:
4311:
4244:
4228:
4180:
4164:
4159:
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4076:
4035:
3987:
3950:
3944:
3900:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3840:
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3832:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3818:
3813:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3642:Light Source".
3640:
3639:
3635:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3297:on 27 July 2012
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3271:on 13 June 2012
3263:
3262:
3258:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3160:on 28 July 2012
3152:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2976:
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2403:on 25 June 2014
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2120:. 9 August 2002
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2023:
2016:
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1882:on 25 June 2014
1874:
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1772:10.1139/v04-027
1757:
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1587:
1573:Bending Magnet
1523:Bending Magnet
1496:Bending Magnet
1473:Bending Magnet
1338:Bending Magnet
1312:Bending Magnet
1288:Bending Magnet
1237:Bending Magnet
1211:Bending Magnet
1113:Bending Magnet
1084:
1033:
1013:
956:
947:
926:
921:
916:
915:
914:
912:
907:
897:
885:as well as the
850:
805:reactor at the
799:
789:synchrotron in
756:Peter MacKinnon
748:
736:financial years
716:
631:naval cemetery
587:West Nile virus
543:
509:synchrotron at
434:
368:superconducting
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3816:External links
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3514:(1): 495–512.
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1805:on 25 May 2011
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811:technetium-99m
798:
795:
783:David Johnston
779:Michaëlle Jean
747:
744:
742:affiliation."
715:
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571:RNA polymerase
549:Students from
542:
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404:broadcast the
327:not-for-profit
289:
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3949:Federated and
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3134:on 2 May 2014
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987:built by the
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824:
823:molybdenum-99
820:
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764:Jean Chrétien
757:
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281:Jefferson Lab
277:
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267:
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259:
258:Dennis Skopik
255:
250:
247:
244:(SAL) at the
243:
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229:
227:
223:
219:
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206:Mike Bancroft
203:
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178:monochromator
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3354:10138/162090
3331:(1): 73–76.
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2961:
2956:3 March 2012
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2001:the original
1963:
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1763:
1759:
1718:(2): 22–23.
1715:
1711:
1701:
1679:(1): 11–13.
1676:
1672:
1445:100–2000 eV
1418:240–2000 eV
1014:
997:
981:
957:
954:Storage ring
948:
924:Accelerators
891:
880:
870:
863:
859:
842:
831:irradiations
827:photonuclear
800:
761:
740:
729:
725:
689:
685:conductivity
670:
651:
633:
610:
595:
579:superviruses
564:
527:
515:
500:
496:
477:
466:
451:
426:Lynne Yelich
414:The National
413:
385:
381:
357:
350:
346:
343:
340:
324:
318:The National
317:
278:
274:Henry Dayday
251:
236:). AECL and
230:
191:
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119:
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3848: /
3721:: 315–318.
3650:: 343–346.
3444:: 893–895.
3417:: 579–582.
3291:"Beamlines"
2369:(6): 7–12.
1553:5.5–250 eV
1388:80–2000 eV
1359:Double EPU
1150:Brockhouse
993:Novosibirsk
960:RF cavities
821:to produce
772:brain drain
734:of the two
681:speed bumps
591:common cold
583:hepatitis C
488:peer review
408:'s nightly
364:quadrupoles
126:) (French:
36:Established
4451:Categories
4277:NanoTerasu
3221:: 168001.
2849:20 January
2545:7 December
1654:References
1271:microprobe
977:undulators
868:, Quebec.
617:Royal Navy
598:biomarkers
419:parliament
4405:PETRA III
4332:Southeast
4119:The Sheaf
3992:Athletics
3699:111276622
3458:136888175
3251:255182262
3243:0168-9002
2954:L'Express
2383:123120504
1859:122255942
1179:Facility
1175:Canadian
1031:Beamlines
883:provinces
876:acid rain
801:With the
629:excavated
625:strontium
393:and then-
212:, as the
156:beamlines
82:Saskatoon
4307:SPring-8
4185:Americas
4024:Football
3771:17764315
3396:21685687
3119:: 2680.
3079:: 2680.
2946:Archived
2869:CBC News
2795:CBC News
2514:(2011).
2490:CBC News
2077:17 April
1734:15828560
1585:See also
1538:VLS-PGM
1511:VESPERS
1484:SyLMAND
1269:, X-ray
1260:Wiggler
1199:CMCF-BM
1172:CMCF-ID
1136:Wiggler
1124:BMIT-ID
1095:BMIT-BM
1083:Wiggler,
835:Winnipeg
768:election
700:dinosaur
694:and the
677:graphene
589:and the
581:such as
531:La Loche
480:peptides
454:infrared
410:newscast
210:beamline
78:Location
55:Director
4429:Oceania
4410:Solaris
4390:ELETTRA
4323:Indus 2
3794:Bibcode
3751:Bibcode
3679:Bibcode
3616:Bibcode
3581:Bibcode
3516:Bibcode
3481:Bibcode
3333:Bibcode
3301:23 July
3275:15 July
3223:Bibcode
3194:28 July
3164:28 July
3138:28 July
3121:Bibcode
3081:Bibcode
3025:28 July
2999:23 July
2977:23 July
2900:27 July
2875:15 July
2827:15 July
2801:15 July
2775:28 July
2749:27 July
2727:24 July
2701:27 July
2675:28 July
2653:28 July
2627:27 July
2605:26 July
2579:22 July
2496:27 July
2470:27 July
2433:27 July
2407:27 July
2339:27 July
2313:28 July
2287:23 July
2240:26 July
2196:26 July
2174:22 July
2149:25 July
2124:28 July
2102:22 July
2051:28 July
2007:21 July
1968:Bibcode
1940:27 July
1915:28 July
1886:27 July
1839:Bibcode
1809:15 July
1681:Bibcode
1544:11ID-2
1517:07B2-1
1490:05B2-1
1476:1.7–10
1467:06B1-1
1436:10ID-1
1409:11ID-1
1379:10ID-2
1332:02B1-2
1306:01B1-1
1298:Mid IR
1254:06ID-1
1231:02B1-1
1222:Far IR
1205:08B1-1
1191:6.5–18
1182:08ID-1
1154:sector
1139:20–100
1130:05ID-2
1107:05B1-1
1103:Therapy
1069:BioXAS
1058:Source
1021:niobium
1001:webpage
985:wiggler
973:chicane
703:fossils
640:battery
621:Antigua
541:Science
220:at the
163:History
99:Website
4415:SOLEIL
4400:MAX IV
4373:Europe
4360:SESAME
4240:Sirius
4169:Africa
3769:
3697:
3456:
3394:
3249:
3241:
3190:. 2010
3090:7 July
3053:7 July
3049:. 2004
2995:. 2011
2896:. 2012
2522:
2516:Wonder
2381:
2170:. 2004
2145:. 2003
2098:. 2004
2047:. 2004
1857:
1732:
1461:SXRMB
1373:REIXS
1278:IDEAS
1064:Usage
1055:Phase
791:Brazil
644:carbon
421:local
372:photon
315:opens
238:TRIUMF
4316:South
4233:South
4192:North
4081:Other
3695:S2CID
3454:S2CID
3321:(PDF)
3247:S2CID
3188:(PDF)
3132:(PDF)
3113:(PDF)
3073:(PDF)
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2894:(PDF)
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2379:S2CID
2281:(PDF)
2274:(PDF)
2218:8 May
2168:(PDF)
2143:(PDF)
2096:(PDF)
2045:(PDF)
1855:S2CID
1626:EPICS
1567:02B2
1526:6–30
1502:Deep
1499:1–15
1348:QMSC
1263:5–40
1248:HXMA
1214:4–18
1147:BXDS
1116:8–40
1049:Name
1005:CLSFC
819:LINAC
332:AECOM
270:LINAC
226:NSERC
69:Staff
4380:ALBA
4353:West
4260:East
4253:Asia
3767:PMID
3719:1234
3648:1234
3392:PMID
3303:2012
3277:2012
3239:ISSN
3219:1048
3196:2012
3166:2012
3140:2012
3092:2012
3055:2012
3027:2012
3001:2012
2979:2012
2902:2012
2877:2012
2851:2017
2829:2012
2803:2012
2777:2012
2751:2012
2729:2012
2703:2012
2677:2012
2655:2012
2629:2012
2607:2012
2581:2012
2547:2012
2520:ISBN
2498:2012
2472:2012
2435:2012
2409:2012
2341:2012
2315:2012
2289:2012
2242:2012
2220:2012
2198:2012
2176:2012
2151:2012
2126:2012
2104:2012
2079:2006
2053:2012
2009:2012
1942:2012
1917:2012
1888:2012
1811:2012
1730:PMID
1561:XSR
1550:EPU
1442:EPU
1415:EPU
1403:SGM
1385:EPU
1326:OSR
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975:two
872:Dene
787:LNLS
507:CAMD
461:and
360:bend
234:AECL
176:The
118:The
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2371:doi
1976:doi
1964:261
1847:doi
1768:doi
1720:doi
1689:doi
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