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Finnish Canadians

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1123: 1038: 996: 1381: 100: 1017: 785: 828: 180: 954: 870: 933: 3860: 666: 3797: 93: 891: 1395: 1983: 1059: 849: 807: 198: 162: 1133: 1113: 2076: 912: 2014: 622:(Freedom). Many Finns, however, were distrustful of politicians as a result of the perceived failure and reformism of the Finnish Social Democratic Party during the general strike in November 1917 and the reformist policy the party adopted after the Civil War. Finns arriving in Canada who had already faced severe class conflict and repression would line-up with the radical union, the 975: 1952: 2045: 1975: 2068: 2006: 1944: 2037: 1087:
is also spoken in Canada. According to the Canadian census 15,295 people in Canada reported Finnish as their mother tongue, of which 2,790 reported it as the primarily language spoken at home. A majority of the Finnish speakers in Canada are in Ontario (9,720), and the second most in British Columbia
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did not consider Finland to be among the Western European countries excluded from national quotas, resulting in a limit of 500 Finnish immigrants per year to the United States. Despite conservative "White" Finnish support for Nazi Germany during World War II, Canadian immigration policy in the 1940s
347:
In the early 20th century, newly arrived Finnish immigrants to Canada quickly became involved in political organizations, churches, athletic clubs and other forms of associational life. Halls and co-operatives were often erected in communities with sizable Finnish populations. "Finnish Canadians"
1088:(3,760). Some Finnish Canadian community newspapers and newsletters continue to publish in Finnish, such as Kanadan Sanomat and Länsirannikon uutiset. Some Canadian universities also offer Finnish language courses as part of Finnish Studies programs or as general language courses, such as at 2038:"Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey" 2069:"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census – 25% Sample Data" 1679: 2172: 600:. Up until the early 1940s, the so-called "Red Finns," who held deep socialist convictions, far outnumbered "White Finns," the more religious and conservative Finns. This was partially due to the number of political refugees escaping persecution after the 1676: 1368:. Wirkkunen brought basic Canadian expertise to Finnish ice hockey and was thus helping Finnish ice hockey to develop. Wirkkunen was selected by the Finnish Ice Hockey Museum as the Finnish Ice Hockey Lion at number 25 in 1985. 2007:"Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data" 595:
Canadians of Finnish ancestry often formed a large percentage of left-wing organizations during the early 1900s, as Finland had, by 1906 as a part of the Russian empire, already become one of the first nations to adopt
687:(mainly Ontario) has generally been the largest destination for Finns, followed by British Columbia, recording 72,990 (ON) and 29,875 (BC) Finns in 2006. Several small rural Finnish communities were established in 1945:"Data tables, 1996 Census Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)" 1976:"Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data" 657:
favoured admitting "White Finns" to Canada. This, combined with a fiercely anti-socialist view in the post-World War II era, led to a shift in the political balance of the Finnish-Canadian community.
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John Powell, "Encyclopedia of North American immigration", p. 99 | When passage of the Johnson-Reed act in 1924 drastically cut the Finnish quota, Finns increasingly turned their attention to Canada.
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http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000
1470: 1821:"1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 – national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 – série nationale : population. Ethnic origin" 1100:
was also conducted in Canadian cities with significant Finnish immigrants, such as Thunder Bay. However, there are no statistics on how many Finnish speakers in Canada speak
2411: 649:. Finns formed the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalions "Ilkka" machine-gun company. The period after the 1930s marks a decline in Finnish co-operative activity in Canada. 1501: 1535: 4139: 1143: 2540: 3785: 3763: 1790:"1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Ethnic groups" 1759:"1961 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 2 = 1961 Recensement du Canada : population : vol. I – partie 2. Ethnic groups" 1466: 2665: 2231: 1361: 1624: 3986: 344:
attracted landless farmers in the early 20th century. Migratory movements of Finns between Canada and the United States was very common as well.
3906: 1528:(digitised online 30 November 2010 with permission from Saskatchewan Archivist by the New Finland Historical and Heritage Society, Julia Adamson) 2698: 1828: 1797: 1766: 320:
started coming to Canada in the early 1880s, and in much larger numbers in the early 20th century and well into the mid-20th century. Finnish
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in several Canadian cities. Canada's largest co-operative, the Consumers' Co-operative Society, was started by Finns.
641:. Finnish-Canadians, along with Ukrainians, formed the largest section of volunteers in the Canadian contingent of the 584:
The earliest Finnish immigrants to Canada came from the US, possibly as early as the 1820s for the construction of the
1621:(digitised online 25 October 2009 by the New Finland Historical and Heritage Society, Red Lauttamus and Julia Adamson) 332:. Canada was often chosen as a final destination because of the similarity in climate and natural conditions, while 2173:
Profile of Ethnic Origin and Visible Minorities for Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census
1524: 4025: 1219: 633:
A decline in the Finnish-Canadian population began with the exodus of 2,000–3,000 skilled workers and loggers to
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form the main centres of Finnish-Canadian activity. Thunder Bay boasts the largest Finnish population outside of
707: 613: 3981: 3933: 2872: 2651: 589: 576:
Note: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.
652:
Finnish immigration to Canada increased dramatically during the late 1920s and forward, as the United States
608:, to harsh economic conditions. Finnish Canadians with Marxist political views aligned themselves with the 3720: 3226: 2893: 2693: 1365: 1323: 1292: 653: 2223: 1728:"Ninth census of Canada, 1951 = Neuvième recensement du Canada Vol. 1. Population: general characteristics" 1617: 3671: 3197: 3009: 1428: 1252: 1171: 1093: 642: 3708: 2732: 2291: 4009: 3752: 3575: 3354: 3322: 3274: 3187: 3179: 2456: 1043: 715: 605: 3902: 3859: 1587: 3965: 3897: 3874: 3742: 3616: 3570: 3529: 3461: 3294: 3284: 3259: 3231: 3129: 3070: 3060: 3050: 2898: 1313: 1022: 730:
publish out of Thunder Bay and Toronto respectively. Another significant Finnish-Canadian newspaper,
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recorded 136,215 Canadians who claimed Finnish ancestry, an increase compared to the 2006 Census.
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in the 1920s and 30s; there were also a substantial number of Finnish-Canadian volunteers in the
630:. The IWW would hold considerable influence in the mines and logging camps of Northern Ontario. 597: 356: 281: 277: 2710: 1913: 1882: 1851: 1820: 1789: 1758: 1727: 1236: 2150: 2111: 3837: 3820: 3815: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3649: 3644: 3621: 3611: 3606: 3585: 3550: 3524: 3512: 3466: 3440: 3381: 3376: 3369: 3359: 3264: 3219: 3169: 3137: 3040: 2999: 2963: 2744: 2739: 2606: 2587: 2579: 2176: 2140: 1597: 1462: 1418: 1116: 638: 601: 568: 329: 273: 17: 3801: 3703: 3693: 3626: 3492: 3435: 3430: 3420: 3337: 3332: 3154: 3104: 3099: 2929: 2849: 2832: 2822: 2806: 2722: 2629:
digitized issues of the Sudbury, Ontario newspaper Vapaus (Liberty), 1921–1930 and 1948–1974
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is home to 14,510 people of Finnish descent, the highest concentration of Finnish Canadians
293: 226: 221: 185: 64: 50: 3879: 4108: 3688: 3681: 3565: 3445: 3415: 3327: 3307: 3202: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3084: 2984: 2781: 2766: 2754: 2510: 2479: 2373: 2193: 1683: 1258: 1149: 1126: 723: 703: 231: 144: 79: 4078: 1655: 1288: 604:, but also attributable to the response of several, formerly apolitical Finns from rural 2576:
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A Historical Geography of the Finns in the Sudbury Area
1696: 3942: 3928: 3715: 3302: 3279: 3192: 2924: 2771: 2761: 1400: 1303: 1282: 1203: 1186: 1161: 1155: 684: 2603:
Sports Pioneers: A History of the Finnish-Canadian Amateur Sports Federation 1906-1986
1227:, World Wildlife Fund of Canada president, and former Halifax MP and NDP Deputy Leader 4123: 3913: 2643: 2253: 1386: 1357: 1351: 1329: 1309: 1297: 1242: 1215: 1167: 959: 739: 585: 349: 257: 2511:"Aamulehti Kanadassa: Kävimme kaupungissa, jossa joka kymmenes on suomalaista sukua" 3958: 3954: 3949: 3886: 2313: 1563: 1224: 1209: 1136: 875: 711: 692: 665: 627: 341: 249: 1697:"Historical statistics of Canada, section A: Population and migration – ARCHIVED" 3890: 1345: 1339: 1335: 1317: 1248: 1132: 1112: 938: 699: 669: 321: 253: 139: 2343: 1376: 1276: 1264: 1197: 1180: 734:, was published in Sudbury from 1917 to 1974. Other prominent communities are 727: 673: 333: 2541:"Kanadan Virtanen käy henkistä kiekkosotaa suomalaisten sukulaistensa kanssa" 2136:
Finnish diaspora I : Canada, South America, Africa, Australia and Sweden
1562:, The Geographical Review 1952, p. 253-266., pp. 253–266, archived from 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 2634: 1270: 719: 301: 149: 1218:, utopian socialist; led the short-lived experimental utopian community of 2100:"Geographical perspectives on Finnish Canadian immigration and settlement" 1200:
in 2015 for Songwriter of the Year and Adult Alternative Album of the Year
676:
in the country, and the second largest Finnish population in Canada after
4083: 3847: 3830: 3698: 2727: 1433: 1423: 896: 762:
Finnish Canadian population by province and territory in Canada in 2011:
747: 4088: 3923: 3796: 1064: 854: 812: 743: 688: 677: 337: 203: 167: 134: 92: 1596:(illustrated, annotated ed.), U of Nebraska Press, p. 230, 917: 790: 731: 618: 313: 99: 1567:(republished online genealogia, The Genealogical Society of Finland) 4104: 2705: 2139:. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario. p. 203. 1239:, historian specializing in the history of Finnish women in Canada 980: 317: 309: 305: 714:, and the only Finnish cultural centre in Canada, housed in the 383: 3767: 2647: 2283: 592:
recruited immigrants directly from Finland in the late 1800s.
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Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 December 2013).
378: 2480:"Avonlea-sarjan tekeminen päättyi seitsemän vuoden jälkeen" 2433:
Virtanen, Reino (1979). "The Finnish Language in America".
2222:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 February 2017).
2036:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 January 2019).
1618:"History of New Finland Colony covers 72 years of progress" 1467:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables" 328:
and wars, or in the aftermath of major conflicts like the
2067:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (17 June 2019).
1912:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (3 April 2013).
1881:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (3 April 2013).
1850:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (3 April 2013).
1819:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (3 April 2013).
1788:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (3 April 2013).
1757:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (3 April 2013).
1726:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (3 April 2013).
1695:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (29 July 1999).
1943:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 June 2019).
316:. In 2016, 143,645 Canadians claimed Finnish ancestry. 2005:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (1 May 2020).
1652:
Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina
2639:. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario. 4049: 4018: 3997: 3974: 3867: 3808: 3733: 3637: 3599: 3538: 3480: 3454: 3403: 3394: 3293: 3240: 3178: 3128: 3092: 3083: 3023: 2972: 2951: 2944: 2907: 2886: 2865: 2815: 2789: 2780: 2681: 1883:"1986 Census of Canada: Ethnic Diversity In Canada" 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 267: 240: 212: 194: 176: 158: 125: 107: 40: 1360:, He was the first ice hockey head coach of the 1654:. Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Archived from 1494:"– SGW – Finnish Saskatchewan Genealogy Roots" 3779: 2659: 1852:"Census Canada 1986 Profile of ethnic groups" 1338:, National Hockey League player; has won two 56: 42: 8: 2449:""Suomalainen" Pamela hurmasi Raumanmerellä" 626:(IWW) emphasizing anti-authoritarianism and 367: 71: 35: 1144:Category:Canadian people of Finnish descent 680:which has 14,750 persons of Finnish origin. 3786: 3772: 3764: 3400: 3089: 2948: 2786: 2666: 2652: 2644: 1525:"Prairie People "The New Finland Colony"." 764: 758:Finnish Canadians by province or territory 722:Restaurant. The Finnish-Canadian weeklies 366: 34: 2509:Koskinen, Anu Leena (17 September 2017). 1623:. Wapella Post, now The World-Spectator. 1312:, National Hockey League player; has won 1914:"1991 Census: The nation. Ethnic origin" 1131: 1121: 1111: 664: 2217: 2215: 1445: 324:to Canada was often a direct result of 2048:from the original on 28 September 2022 2017:from the original on 21 September 2022 1986:from the original on 22 September 2022 1893:from the original on 12 September 2022 1862:from the original on 14 September 2022 1831:from the original on 27 September 2022 1800:from the original on 18 September 2022 1769:from the original on 18 September 2022 1738:from the original on 26 September 2022 1707:from the original on 28 September 2022 1498:Saskatchewan History and Ethnic Roots 7: 2490:from the original on 17 January 2023 2200:from the original on 10 January 2014 2079:from the original on 26 October 2017 1627:from the original on 3 November 2012 1538:from the original on 3 November 2012 1504:from the original on 3 November 2012 1251:, National Hockey League player and 1174:player and former head coach of the 126:Regions with significant populations 2551:from the original on 1 January 2023 2521:from the original on 1 January 2023 2478:Lauri, Toiviainen (28 April 1996). 2459:from the original on 1 January 2023 2098:Lindström-Best, Varpu (Fall 1981). 1955:from the original on 12 August 2019 4140:Canadian people of Finnish descent 3802:Finns abroad and their descendants 2675:Ethnic origins of people in Canada 2605:. Alerts AC Historical Committee. 2234:from the original on 3 August 2021 1924:from the original on 18 April 2023 25: 1342:wins with the Toronto Maple Leafs 610:Social Democratic Party of Canada 3858: 3795: 2584:Wilfrid Laurier University Press 2547:(in Finnish). 23 December 2015. 2414:from the original on 2 June 2021 2384:from the original on 2 June 2021 2354:from the original on 2 June 2021 2324:from the original on 2 July 2022 2294:from the original on 3 June 2021 2264:from the original on 2 June 2021 1593:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains 1500:. Saskatchewan Gen Web Project. 1492:Adamson, Julia (14 March 2010). 1473:from the original on 6 July 2021 1393: 1379: 1057: 1036: 1015: 994: 973: 952: 931: 910: 889: 868: 847: 826: 805: 783: 616:, centered around the newspaper 196: 178: 160: 98: 91: 2636:The Finnish Canadian collection 624:Industrial Workers of the World 348:pioneered efforts to establish 312:who emigrated to and reside in 119:0.4% of the Canadian population 1233:, film and television producer 1189:, comic book and sketch artist 1183:, politician and businesswoman 1: 2224:"Census Profile, 2016 Census" 27:Canadians of Finnish ancestry 18:Canadians of Finnish ancestry 2627:Multicultural Canada website 2455:(in Finnish). 23 June 2007. 1559:Finnish Settlement in Canada 647:Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion 4130:European diaspora in Canada 1320:and two Olympic gold medals 4156: 4135:Finnish diaspora in Canada 3015:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 2574:Saarinen, Oiva W. (1999). 2408:Continuing Studies at UVic 2179:. Retrieved 13 March 2009. 1556:Cleef, Eugene Van (1952), 1220:Sointula, British Columbia 1141: 698:Today, the communities of 661:Demographic concentrations 4097: 4036:People of Finnish descent 3856: 3024:Central and South America 2601:Tester, Jim, ed. (1986). 2190:The Canadian Encyclopedia 2133:Karni, Michael G (1981). 1523:Johnson, Gilbert (1962), 1108:Notable Finnish Canadians 1002:Newfoundland and Labrador 614:Communist Party of Canada 565: 396:—     272: 245: 217: 130: 112: 89: 2633:Schaefer, Ewald (1986). 1409:Canada–Finland relations 590:Canadian Pacific Railway 3488:Nordic and Scandinavian 2110:(2): 16. Archived from 1646:Anderson, Alan (2006). 1324:Rosvall and Voutilainen 1206:, activist and feminist 654:Immigration Act of 1924 1682:18 August 2016 at the 1616:Gallop, Ralph (1972). 1429:Scandinavian Canadians 1253:Calder Memorial Trophy 1172:National Hockey League 1139: 1129: 1119: 1094:University of Victoria 681: 643:International Brigades 297: 72: 57: 43: 2314:"The West Coast News" 2284:"finnishcanadian.com" 1648:"Finnish settlements" 1362:Finnish national team 1291:, founder and CEO of 1135: 1125: 1115: 1104:or American Finnish. 1044:Northwest Territories 769:Province or territory 716:Finnish Labour Temple 668: 268:Related ethnic groups 2435:Scandinavian Studies 2114:on 24 September 2015 1532:Saskatchewan History 1314:Hart Memorial Trophy 1293:Nygård International 1212:, punk rock musician 1192:Afie Jurvanen – aka 1023:Prince Edward Island 670:Thunder Bay, Ontario 612:and later, with the 326:economic depressions 2378:Lakehead University 2348:Lakehead University 2288:finnishcanadian.com 2254:"Finnish-Canadians" 2228:www12.statcan.gc.ca 2073:www12.statcan.gc.ca 2042:www12.statcan.gc.ca 2011:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1980:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1949:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1918:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1887:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1856:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1825:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1794:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1763:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1732:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1701:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1366:Finnish citizenship 1354:, ice hockey player 1332:, actress and model 1306:, ice hockey player 1279:, ice hockey player 1273:, singer-songwriter 1267:, ice hockey player 1245:, singer-songwriter 1176:Toronto Maple Leafs 1090:Lakehead University 371: 37: 2718:Canadian ethnicity 1326:, labour activists 1196:, musician; won a 1140: 1130: 1120: 682: 598:universal suffrage 370:Population History 298:Kanadansuomalaiset 282:Estonian Americans 278:Estonian Canadians 44:Kanadansuomalaiset 4117: 4116: 3761: 3760: 3729: 3728: 3390: 3389: 3079: 3078: 2940: 2939: 2593:978-0-88920-353-2 2580:Waterloo, Ontario 2484:Helsingin Sanomat 2404:"Finnish courses" 2344:"Finnish Studies" 2177:Statistics Canada 2153:on 8 August 2013. 1658:on 12 August 2010 1603:978-0-8032-4787-1 1463:Statistics Canada 1419:Finnish Americans 1117:Michael Majalahti 1076: 1075: 773:Finnish Canadians 746:, in Ontario and 639:Spanish Civil War 602:Finnish Civil War 582: 581: 569:Statistics Canada 330:Finnish Civil War 302:Canadian citizens 290:Finnish Canadians 287: 286: 274:Finnish Americans 84: 36:Finnish Canadians 16:(Redirected from 4147: 3990: 3910: 3883: 3862: 3800: 3799: 3788: 3781: 3774: 3765: 3539:Southeast Europe 3401: 3090: 2949: 2787: 2723:French Canadians 2668: 2661: 2654: 2645: 2640: 2616: 2597: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2250: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2219: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2186: 2180: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2149:. 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Marie 578: 385: 380: 372: 368:Finnish Canadian 227:Canadian English 202: 200: 199: 186:British Columbia 184: 182: 181: 166: 164: 163: 121: 108:Total population 103: 102: 96: 95: 83: 75: 69: 68: 60: 58:Kanadafinländare 54: 46: 38: 21: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4144: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4109:Nordic diaspora 4093: 4045: 4014: 3993: 3984: 3970: 3900: 3877: 3863: 3854: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3762: 3757: 3725: 3633: 3600:Southern Europe 3595: 3534: 3481:Northern Europe 3476: 3450: 3386: 3289: 3236: 3174: 3124: 3075: 3019: 2968: 2936: 2903: 2887:Southern Africa 2882: 2861: 2811: 2776: 2767:Irish Canadians 2677: 2672: 2632: 2623: 2613: 2600: 2594: 2573: 2570: 2568:Further reading 2565: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2493: 2491: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2387: 2385: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2342: 2341: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2297: 2295: 2282: 2281: 2277: 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Index

Canadians of Finnish ancestry
Finnish
Swedish
French
Finland
Canada
Toronto
Thunder Bay
Greater Sudbury
Vancouver
Ontario
British Columbia
Alberta
Finnish
Canadian English
Canadian French
Christianity
Lutheranism
Protestantism
Finnish Americans
Estonian Canadians
Estonian Americans
Finnish
Canadian citizens
Finnish
Finns
Canada
Finns
immigration
economic depressions

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