2051:
479:
235:
144:
47:
844:
686:
to pacify the province in the aftermath of the campaign only contributed to further instability in
Cantabria. Near-constant tribal uprisings (including a serious slave revolt in 20 BC that quickly spread to neighboring Asturias) and guerrilla warfare continued to plague the Cantabrian lands until
585:
In the early 1st century BC, the
Cantabri began to play a double game by lending their services to individual Roman generals on occasion but, at same time, supported rebellions within Roman Spanish provinces and carried out raids in times of unrest. This opportunistic policy led them to side with
431:
A detailed analysis of place-names in ancient
Cantabria shows a strong Celtic element along with an almost equally strong "Para-Celtic" element (both Indo-European) and thus disproves the idea of a substantial pre-Indo-European or Basque presence in the region. This supports the earlier view that
490:
Regarded as savage and untamable mountaineers, the
Cantabri long defied the Roman legions and made a name for themselves for their independent spirit and freedom. Indeed, Cantabri warriors were regarded as being tough and fierce fighters, suitable for
400:
1737:
Peralta
Labrador, Eduardo José (2017b), “Las cohortes cántabras del ejército romano: Cohors II Cantabrorum”, Hispania Antiqva. Revista de Historia Antigua, XLI. Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, pp. 173-209. –
1731:
Peralta
Labrador, Eduardo José (2017a), “Las cohortes cántabras del ejército romano: Cohors I Cantabrorum”, Hispania Antiqva. Revista de Historia Antigua, XLI. Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, pp. 131-172. –
862:
neighbors, the
Cantabri were polytheistic, worshipping a vast and complex pantheon of male and female Indo-European deities in sacred oak or pine woods, mountains, water-courses and small rural sanctuaries.
869:
does not appear to have been practiced by the
Cantabri, though there is enough evidence for the existence of an organized priestly class who performed elaborated rites, which included ritual
2050:
2868:
2859:
3593:
242:, in relationship to today's Cantabria, along with the tribes that lived there, the neighboring peoples, towns and geographical features, according to classical sources.
1685:
Martín
Almagro Gorbea, José María Blázquez Martínez, Michel Reddé, Joaquín González Echegaray, José Luis Ramírez Sádaba, and Eduardo José Peralta Labrador (coord.),
3598:
1946:
311:
around the 4th
Century BC, and were said by them to be more mixed than most peninsular Celtic peoples. By the 1st century BC they comprised eleven or so tribes—
1650:
1809:
492:
1602:
2478:
623:
2852:
808:
634:, who succeeded in overpowering and destroying the combined Cantabri-Aquitani force of 50,000 men in their own camp and slaughtered 38,000 of them.
1733:
577:
relief force was enough to cause the rout of 20,000 panic-stricken Roman legionaries, forcing Mancinus to surrender under humiliating peace terms.
3583:
1065:
1739:
527:
1567:
255:, the land of the Cantabri, originally comprised much of the highlands of the northern Spanish Atlantic coast, including the whole of modern
2845:
673:
803:
in the 6th century. However, Cantabria and the Cantabri are heard of many decades later in the context of the Visigoth wars against the
3603:
2519:
1939:
737:, religion and culture well into the Roman period. The Cantabri did not lose their warrior skills either, providing auxiliary troops (
3618:
3613:
1752:
1726:
1712:
1694:
1680:
1666:
1639:
1549:
130:
2627:
1802:
1765:
823:
Cantabria also contained gold, silver, tin, lead and iron mines, as well as magnetite and amber, but little is known about them;
185:
in the second half of the first millennium BC. These peoples and their territories were incorporated into the Roman Province of
2676:
2579:
2564:
2661:
1648:
Diego Santos, Francisco, "Die Integration Nord- und Nordwestspaniens als römische Provinz in der Reichspolitik des Augustus",
3588:
2471:
1620:
68:
3608:
2758:
2671:
2605:
2574:
2097:
1932:
1231:
Though most modern historians have cast serious doubts upon the veracity of this particular episode, since other sources (
2569:
1150:
2247:
478:
111:
2773:
2559:
2547:
1795:
221:
83:
1843:
1582:
799:
of the late 4th century. Thenceforward the Cantabri started to be Christianized and were violently crushed by the
657:, coupled with their backing of a Vaccaei anti-Roman revolt in 29 BC, ultimately led to the outbreak of the First
57:
2794:
2464:
1031:
784:
213:
64:
2075:
90:
1661:, Breviarios de la Calle del Pez n. º 33, Diputación provincial de León/Editorial Eal Terrae, Santander (1982)
1391:
saw his first military experience in the campaign against the Cantabri of 25 BC, as a tribune of the soldiers.
687:
the early 1st century AD, when the region was granted a form of local self-rule upon being included in the new
683:
595:
566:
2232:
437:
1787:
2768:
2615:
2610:
2252:
1883:
1878:
283:
2748:
1988:
1778:
2622:
2290:
2227:
688:
535:
224:. During the High and Late Middle Ages, as well as Modern Period, the name refers usually to the Basques.
186:
97:
2656:
2172:
2147:
3116:
3111:
2884:
2710:
2542:
2445:
2382:
2162:
2122:
2013:
705:
379:
209:
2789:
1077:
383:
2440:
2117:
331:
2763:
2725:
2715:
2554:
2396:
2311:
2132:
1970:
1955:
1903:
828:
666:
483:
268:
79:
2197:
2112:
1560:
Bis ans Ende der bewohnten Welt. Die römische Grenz- und Expansionspolitik in der augusteischen Zeit
3524:
3053:
2391:
2222:
2142:
2036:
2026:
1888:
1868:
1576:
886:
433:
276:
264:
2316:
1978:
665:. The remaining Cantabrian population and their tribal lands were absorbed into the newly created
3470:
2826:
2804:
2738:
2733:
2514:
2331:
2275:
1913:
1818:
931:
519:
395:
363:
351:
272:
2405:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2182:
2003:
418:
355:
2321:
2265:
2152:
2092:
371:
3559:
3350:
2931:
2872:
2809:
2799:
2753:
2651:
2426:
2257:
2212:
1983:
1898:
1748:
1722:
1708:
1690:
1676:
1662:
1635:
1616:
1563:
1545:
441:
343:
327:
308:
31:
2837:
2372:
2326:
2202:
2187:
807:(late 7th century). They only became fully Latinized in their language and culture after the
594:(82–72 BC), and they continued to follow the Pompeian cause until the defeat of his generals
367:
359:
339:
335:
316:
3488:
3355:
3141:
2666:
2192:
2031:
1822:
847:
796:
547:
507:
387:
2177:
835:
in which the mother had to get up and the father go to bed, to be cared for by the mother.
347:
3360:
2743:
2509:
2410:
2237:
1853:
1782:
1519:
1215:
1197:
1179:
1113:
997:
916:
894:
820:
734:
658:
599:
551:
473:
457:
239:
190:
1745:
Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire: Des origines à la Romanization et au Christianisme
1596:
1051:
La Europa Atlántica en la Edad del Bronce. Un viaje a las raíces de la Europa occidental
562:
in 195 BC. In any case, such was their reputation that when a battered Roman army under
3551:
3323:
2705:
1908:
1348:
1332:
627:
555:
445:
410:
156:
436:
considered the most plausible, coinciding with archaeological evidence put forward by
104:
3577:
1591:
1506:
1316:
1284:
1202:
1184:
926:
897:
added that the Concani had the custom of drinking the horse’s blood at the ceremony.
631:
591:
511:
498:
The earliest references to them are found in the texts of ancient historians such as
234:
3555:
3529:
3005:
795:
The Cantabri re-emerged, as did their neighbors the Astures, amid the chaos of the
779:) to the Roman Imperial army for decades, and these troops participated in Emperor
733:), Cantabria never became fully romanized and its people preserved many aspects of
670:
563:
543:
280:
174:
3306:
423:
307:
The ancestors of the Cantabri were thought by the Romans to have migrated to the
3401:
3335:
3048:
2961:
2367:
2285:
2217:
2137:
1404:
870:
611:
46:
17:
3423:
3274:
3264:
3254:
3161:
3156:
3058:
2946:
2926:
2700:
2306:
878:
726:
650:
559:
523:
390:
river valley, as their capital. Other important Cantabrian hillforts included
312:
178:
143:
610:) in 49 BC. Prior to that, the Cantabri had unsuccessfully intervened in the
530:
in 207 BC. That same year, other Cantabrian mercenaries fought alongside the
212:
form of a local name, presumably meaning "Highlanders" and deriving from the
3519:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3367:
3340:
3296:
3216:
3023:
2971:
2966:
2956:
2941:
2921:
2593:
2496:
2487:
2431:
2387:
2242:
2070:
1838:
1833:
1721:, Crítica, Grijalbo Mondadori, S.A., Barcelona (1998, revised edition 2007)
1705:
Historia de España 2 – colonizaciones y formacion de los pueblos prerromanos
1380:
921:
911:
885:
mentions that the peoples of the north-west sacrificed horses to an unnamed
800:
718:
679:
Nevertheless, the harsh measures devised by Augustus and implemented by his
646:
638:
461:
287:
256:
252:
247:
2435:
1586:, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 27
699:
Although the Romans founded colonies and established military garrisons at
607:
1575:
3563:
3493:
3418:
3311:
3291:
3231:
3201:
3191:
3131:
3081:
3073:
3028:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2936:
2916:
2908:
2898:
2893:
2880:
2157:
2107:
1998:
1893:
1388:
1252:
1240:
1163:
866:
855:
827:
also mentions salt extraction in mines, such as the ones existent around
804:
780:
710:
662:
615:
570:
518:'s army, whilst another Cantabri mercenary band led by a chieftain named
515:
503:
449:
321:
291:
260:
1540:
Almagro-Gorbea, Martín (1997). "Les Celtes dans la péninsule Ibérique".
3543:
3503:
3498:
3435:
3406:
3377:
3372:
3345:
3301:
3281:
3259:
3211:
3196:
3186:
3181:
3136:
3121:
3101:
3091:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3013:
2951:
2401:
2167:
2102:
1924:
1873:
1848:
906:
874:
859:
832:
739:
730:
680:
661:, which resulted in their conquest and partial annihilation by Emperor
642:
574:
539:
531:
453:
35:
1606:, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 207
3547:
3480:
3445:
3411:
3328:
3269:
3236:
3226:
3221:
3176:
3166:
3151:
3146:
3126:
3106:
3086:
2456:
2377:
2280:
2270:
2207:
2127:
1858:
1501:
1485:
1469:
1364:
1268:
1236:
1129:
1097:
1013:
890:
882:
824:
654:
587:
182:
963:
961:
843:
3392:
3316:
3206:
3171:
3096:
3063:
3018:
2996:
2021:
1993:
1300:
1032:"Linguistic Strata in Ancient Cantabria: the evidence of toponyms"
573:
in 137 BC, the rumor of the approach of a large combined Cantabri-
477:
142:
554:, claims that the Cantabrian tribes first submitted to Rome upon
1863:
1232:
1145:
619:
614:
by sending in 56 BC an allegedly 40,000-strong army to help the
499:
2841:
2460:
1928:
1791:
1775:
1766:
Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)
1595:
1659:
Roma contra Cantabros y Astures – Nueva lectura de las fuentes
40:
160:
1770:
3558:. The Madeira and Azores islands were unoccupied until the
854:
Literary and epigraphic evidence confirms that, like their
850:, carved in sandstone (1.70 m in diameter and 0.32 m thick)
286:, this area was, however, much reduced, making up only
374:—gathered into a tribal confederacy with the town of
181:
that lived in the northern coastal region of ancient
514:, a Cantabrian mercenary contingent is mentioned in
3512:
3479:
3463:
3390:
3245:
3072:
3004:
2995:
2907:
2879:
2782:
2724:
2689:
2640:
2592:
2528:
2495:
2419:
2360:
2299:
2085:
2058:
2012:
1969:
1962:
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
743:) that served in two identified infantry cohorts (
653:whose rich territories they coveted, according to
881:, human and animal sacrifices. In this respect,
538:, and later Cantabrian war-bands fought for the
526:and fought in Celtiberia against the propraetor
510:service in the late 3rd century BC. During the
1689:, Fundación Marcelino Botín, Santander (1999)
3562:in the 15th century; the Canary islands, the
2853:
2472:
1940:
1803:
641:, the Cantabri’s own predatory raids on the
8:
3566:occupied the territory until the Castilians.
1070:Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
440:in 1998, that the Celtic settlement of the
202:
147:The Iberian Peninsula in the 3rd century BC
3594:Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
3001:
2860:
2846:
2838:
2693:
2644:
2598:
2532:
2479:
2465:
2457:
1966:
1947:
1933:
1925:
1810:
1796:
1788:
1651:Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
1675:, Editorial Complutense, Alicante (1997)
1615:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
1747:, Éditions Robert Laffont, Paris (2000)
842:
809:Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
506:, who mention Cantabrian mercenaries in
233:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1072:. The Celtic in the Iberian Peninsula.
942:
550:of the 2nd century BC. Another author,
444:was made by people who arrived via the
386:– Cantabria), located at the strategic
3599:Celtic tribes of the Iberian Peninsula
1654:, vol. II,3, Berlin 1975, pp. 523–571.
637:Under the leadership of the chieftain
1562:, Herbert Utz Verlag, München (2014)
7:
1066:"Celtiberians: Problems and Debates"
674:Lucius Sestius Albanianus Quirinalis
238:Location of the Cantabri during the
69:adding citations to reliable sources
482:Monument to the Cantabri people in
1707:, Editorial Gredos, Madrid (1989)
1064:Burillo Mozota, Francisco (2005).
1049:Ruiz-Gálvez Priego, Luisa (1998).
982:
967:
27:Pre-Roman people of ancient Iberia
25:
1719:Los Celtíberos – Etnias y Estados
2049:
1634:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
263:, nearby mountainous regions of
45:
952:Roma contra Cantabros y Astures
785:invasion of Britain in AD 43–60
745:cohortes quingenariae peditatae
56:needs additional citations for
3584:Political parties in Cantabria
590:during the final phase of the
1:
755:) and in some cavalry units (
456:, finally settling along the
1776:http://www.montebernorio.com
1030:Curchin, Leonard A. (2007).
1717:Burillo Mozota, Francisco,
1574:Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878),
452:and the mouth of the River
3635:
1369:Epitomae Historiae Romanae
1353:Historiae Adversos Paganos
1337:Historiae Adversos Paganos
1243:) don't mention it at all.
1102:Epitomae Historiae Romanae
495:, but prone to banditry.
471:
245:
161:
29:
3604:Historical Celtic peoples
3554:were not occupied by the
3540:
2822:
2696:
2647:
2601:
2539:Administrative divisions
2535:
2047:
1829:
1771:http://www.celtiberia.net
1544:. Paris: Éditions Stock.
1053:. Barcelona: Ed. Crítica.
3619:Tribes conquered by Rome
3614:Ancient peoples of Spain
2233:Pájaru de ojos amarillos
1699:Montenegro Duque, Ángel
684:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
618:tribes of south-eastern
567:Gaius Hostilius Mancinus
189:in 19 BC, following the
177:people and large tribal
1821:established around the
1630:Collins, Roger (1983).
1611:Collins, Roger (1990).
1603:Encyclopædia Britannica
1583:Encyclopædia Britannica
2253:Sierpe de Peñacastillu
851:
833:post-childbirth ritual
689:Hispania Tarraconensis
536:Battle of the Metaurus
487:
243:
203:
187:Hispania Tarraconensis
148:
3589:People from Cantabria
3117:Celtici Supertamarici
3112:Celtici Praestamarici
2123:Caballucos del Diablu
1687:Las Guerras Cántabras
846:
753:Cohors II Cantabrorum
706:Legio IIII Macedonica
701:Castra Legio Pisoraca
667:Transduriana Province
528:Marcus Junius Silanus
481:
237:
146:
3609:History of Cantabria
2555:Cantabrian Mountains
2291:Viejuca de Vispieres
2228:Pájaru de la alegría
1956:Cantabrian mythology
1879:Kingdom of the Aurès
1839:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
1671:Lorrio, Alberto J.,
1632:Early Medieval Spain
1460:, 34, 112; 149; 158.
1220:De Viris Illustribus
1076:: 13. Archived from
811:in the 8th century.
777:Cohors I Latobicorum
749:Cohors I Cantabrorum
493:mercenary employment
269:province of Palencia
65:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
2734:Cantabrian language
2628:Statute of Autonomy
2173:Hechiceras del Ebro
2148:Enanucos bigaristas
1889:Ostrogothic kingdom
1435:, pp. 106–107.
622:against the legate
581:The Cantabrian Wars
448:in an area between
171:Ancient Cantabrians
3471:Germani (Oretania)
2805:Cantabrian labarum
2769:Pre-romanesque art
2515:Duchy of Cantabria
2446:Cantabrian Neptune
2163:Gallu de la muerte
2014:Adopted Roman gods
1971:Cantabrian deities
1914:Visigothic kingdom
1874:Kingdom of Odoacer
1844:Burgundian kingdom
1834:Alamannian kingdom
1819:Barbarian kingdoms
1781:2015-08-06 at the
1743:Kruta, Venceslas,
1458:Historia Naturalis
1038:. XXXI-2007: 7–20.
1002:Historia Naturalis
932:Duchy of Cantabria
873:, festive dances,
852:
831:, and describes a
488:
380:Espina del Gallego
273:province of Burgos
267:, the northern of
259:province, eastern
244:
220:- ("mountain") in
149:
3571:
3570:
3464:Germanic peoples?
3386:
3385:
2873:Iberian Peninsula
2869:Pre-Roman peoples
2835:
2834:
2818:
2817:
2810:Cantabrian stelae
2685:
2684:
2636:
2635:
2588:
2587:
2454:
2453:
2427:Cantabrian Steles
2312:Fuentes Tamáricas
2045:
2044:
1922:
1921:
1899:Sub-Roman Britain
1869:Kingdom of Altava
1657:Eutimio Martino,
1577:"Cantabria"
1568:978-3-8316-4185-7
1456:Pliny the Elder,
1257:Tiberius Gracchus
829:Cabezón de la Sal
791:Early Middle Ages
721:– Cantabria) and
602:at the battle of
522:was recruited by
442:Iberian Peninsula
384:Sierra del Escudo
309:Iberian Peninsula
275:and northeast of
141:
140:
133:
115:
32:Cantabrian people
16:(Redirected from
3626:
3451:Turdetani Proper
3002:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2701:Cantabria People
2694:
2645:
2599:
2533:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2458:
2441:Patera of Otañes
2392:Saint John's Eve
2118:Brujas de Ongayu
2053:
1967:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1926:
1849:Frankish kingdom
1823:Migration Period
1812:
1805:
1798:
1789:
1645:
1626:
1607:
1599:
1597:"Cantabri"
1587:
1579:
1558:F. Bartenstein,
1555:
1527:
1517:
1511:
1499:
1493:
1483:
1477:
1467:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1409:Romaiké Historia
1402:
1396:
1378:
1372:
1362:
1356:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1321:De Bello Gallico
1314:
1308:
1298:
1292:
1282:
1276:
1266:
1260:
1250:
1244:
1229:
1223:
1213:
1207:
1195:
1189:
1177:
1171:
1161:
1155:
1143:
1137:
1127:
1121:
1111:
1105:
1104:, II, 33, 46-47.
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1036:Hispania Antiqua
1027:
1021:
1011:
1005:
995:
989:
980:
974:
965:
956:
955:
950:Martino (1982),
947:
848:Cantabrian stele
797:Migration Period
558:'s campaigns in
548:Celtiberian Wars
427:
413:– Palencia) and
404:
325:
279:. Following the
277:province of León
265:Castile and León
222:Ancient Ligurian
206:
164:
163:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3536:
3513:Semitic peoples
3508:
3475:
3459:
3382:
3247:
3241:
3068:
2991:
2903:
2875:
2866:
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2778:
2744:Gaita asturiana
2720:
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2580:Other landforms
2524:
2510:Cantabrian Wars
2491:
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2397:Sun of the Dead
2356:
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2262:Sun of the Dead
2133:Cuines de Silió
2081:
2054:
2041:
2008:
1958:
1953:
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1904:Suebian kingdom
1884:Lombard kingdom
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917:Cantabrian Wars
903:
895:Silius Italicus
841:
821:Pliny the Elder
817:
793:
765:Ala Pannoniorum
735:Celtic language
697:
659:Cantabrian Wars
624:Publius Crassus
600:Marcus Petreius
596:Lucius Afranius
583:
552:Cornelius Nepos
476:
474:Cantabrian Wars
470:
421:
398:
392:Villeca/Vellica
319:
305:
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137:
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2548:Municipalities
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2198:Mozas del Agua
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2183:Las Lavanderas
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2113:Bichu amarillu
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1760:External links
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1673:Los Celtíberos
1669:
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1594:, ed. (1911),
1592:Chisholm, Hugh
1588:
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1528:
1526:, III, 3, 161.
1512:
1494:
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1449:
1447:, p. 114.
1437:
1433:Collins (1983)
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1421:Collins (1990)
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757:Ala Hispanorum
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671:suffect consul
630:serving under
628:Marcus Crassus
592:Sertorian Wars
582:
579:
569:was besieging
556:Cato the Elder
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3307:Mirobrigenses
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2143:Duende zahorí
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1754:
1753:2-7028-6261-6
1750:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1727:84-7423-891-9
1724:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1713:84-249-1013-3
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:84-87678-81-5
1692:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1681:84-7908-335-2
1678:
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1670:
1668:
1667:84-87081-93-2
1664:
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1643:
1641:0-312-22464-8
1637:
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1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1593:
1589:
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1584:
1578:
1572:
1570:, pp. 71–127.
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1551:2-234-04844-3
1547:
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1538:
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1513:
1509:
1508:
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1498:
1495:
1491:
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1479:
1476:, III, 4, 17.
1475:
1471:
1466:
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1459:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1423:, p. 92.
1422:
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1234:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1206:, XVI, 46-65.
1205:
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1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1080:on 2018-04-10
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1020:, III, 4, 12.
1019:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
991:
987:
985:
979:
976:
972:
970:
964:
962:
958:
953:
946:
943:
937:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
900:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:
857:
849:
845:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
819:According to
814:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
790:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:Ala Batavorum
766:
762:
761:Ala I Augusta
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:
702:
694:
692:
690:
685:
682:
677:
675:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
632:Julius Caesar
629:
626:, the son of
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
580:
578:
576:
572:
568:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:2nd Punic War
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
485:
480:
475:
468:Early history
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
405:– Palencia),
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:or Tamarici,
329:
323:
318:
314:
310:
302:
297:
295:
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
241:
236:
229:
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
214:reconstructed
211:
207:
205:
196:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
158:
154:
145:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
3286:
3246:Other Celtic
3006:Celtiberians
2795:Coat of arms
2711:Demographics
2672:Trade unions
2520:October 1934
2504:
2317:Mons Vindius
2065:
1979:Cabuniaegius
1744:
1718:
1704:
1700:
1686:
1672:
1658:
1649:
1631:
1612:
1601:
1581:
1559:
1541:
1523:
1515:
1510:, III, 4, 35
1505:
1497:
1492:, III, 3, 7.
1490:Geographikon
1489:
1481:
1474:Geographikon
1473:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1445:Collins 1990
1440:
1428:
1416:
1411:, 54: 11, 1.
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1371:, 2: 33, 46.
1368:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1201:
1193:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1154:, 27: 43-49.
1149:
1141:
1136:, III, 3, 8.
1134:Geographikon
1133:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1082:. Retrieved
1078:the original
1073:
1069:
1059:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1025:
1018:Geographikon
1017:
1009:
1001:
993:
983:
978:
968:
954:, p. 18
951:
945:
865:
853:
818:
794:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
738:
722:
714:
704:
700:
698:
695:Romanization
678:
636:
603:
584:
544:Celtiberians
508:Carthaginian
497:
489:
430:
428:– Burgos).
414:
406:
391:
375:
306:
290:and eastern
251:
226:
217:
201:
200:
170:
166:
152:
150:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
3520:Phoenicians
3402:Lusitanians
3336:Oestriminis
3049:Pellendones
2962:Ilercavones
2716:Health care
2420:Iconography
2368:La Vijanera
2332:Mount Cildá
2276:Trastolillu
1613:The Basques
1405:Cassius Dio
1355:, 6: 21, 1.
1307:, IV: 8-10.
1291:, I: 43-46.
889:, and both
871:steam baths
773:Baetasiorum
612:Gallic Wars
438:Ruiz-Gálvez
422: [
415:Amaya/Amaia
409:(Castro de
399: [
396:Monte Cildá
378:(Castro de
364:Vadinienses
352:Orgenomesci
320: [
173:were a pre-
3578:Categories
3560:Portuguese
3424:Bletonesii
3275:Suessetani
3265:Autrigones
3255:Allotriges
3162:Lapatianci
3157:Interamici
3059:Turboletae
2947:Contestani
2932:Castellani
2927:Bergistani
2749:Literature
2616:Government
2611:Parliament
2406:All Saints
2352:Pico Dobra
2347:Peña Santa
2342:Peña Sagra
2337:Peña Amaya
2307:Deva River
2248:Reina Mora
2004:Mater Deva
1963:Divinities
1622:0631175652
1542:Les Celtes
1533:References
1339:, 6: 8, 7.
1170:, 11: 1-3.
1084:2011-12-09
1004:, III, 29.
887:God of War
879:divination
727:Retortillo
723:Iuliobriga
715:Octaviolca
691:province.
669:under the
651:Autrigones
560:Celtiberia
462:Cantabrian
419:Peña Amaya
356:Plentuisii
313:Avarigines
179:federation
121:March 2013
91:newspapers
80:"Cantabri"
3441:Turdetani
3431:Tartessos
3368:Turmodigi
3341:Plentauri
3297:Carpetani
3217:Quaquerni
3024:Cratistii
2972:Indigetes
2967:Ilergetes
2957:Indigetes
2942:Cessetani
2922:Bastetani
2764:Mythology
2677:Transport
2623:President
2606:Elections
2565:Mountains
2529:Geography
2488:Cantabria
2432:Cantabrum
2411:Midwinter
2388:Midsummer
2322:Montehano
2300:Locations
2266:Tentiruju
2243:Ramidreju
2153:Espumeros
2108:Basiliscu
2093:Alicorniu
2086:Creatures
2071:Corocotta
1989:Cantabria
1381:Suetonius
1305:Pharsalia
1120:, V, 192.
922:Corocotta
912:Cantabria
801:Visigoths
719:Valdeolea
703:(camp of
647:Turmodigi
639:Corocotta
534:' at the
484:Santander
434:Untermann
376:Aracillum
372:Velliques
288:Cantabria
257:Cantabria
253:Cantabria
248:Cantabria
230:Geography
210:Latinized
167:Kantabroi
162:Καντάβροι
3564:Guanches
3494:Aeolians
3489:Achaeans
3446:Mastieni
3419:Vettones
3395:peoples?
3356:Oppidani
3292:Caristii
3287:Cantabri
3232:Tamagani
3202:Nemetati
3192:Namarini
3142:Gallaeci
3132:Coelerni
3082:Albiones
3074:Gallaeci
3029:Lobetani
2987:Sedetani
2982:Laietani
2977:Lacetani
2937:Ceretani
2917:Ausetani
2909:Iberians
2899:Vascones
2894:Iacetani
2881:Aquitani
2827:Category
2594:Politics
2543:Comarcas
2505:Cantabri
2286:Ventolín
2258:Sirenuca
2218:Ojáncanu
2213:Ojáncana
2158:Fish-man
2138:Cuélebre
2066:Cantabri
1999:Erudinus
1984:Candamus
1779:Archived
1524:Hispania
1393:Tiberius
1389:Tiberius
1387:, 21. -
1385:Augustus
1323:, 3, 23.
1253:Plutarch
1241:Polybius
1168:Istorion
1164:Polybius
901:See also
867:Druidism
856:Gallaeci
839:Religion
805:Vascones
781:Claudius
711:Palencia
663:Augustus
616:Aquitani
571:Numantia
516:Hannibal
504:Polybius
458:Galician
450:Brittany
344:Morecani
328:Camarici
292:Asturias
284:conquest
261:Asturias
204:Cantabri
153:Cantabri
3544:Madeira
3504:Ionians
3499:Dorians
3436:Cynetes
3407:Paesuri
3378:Varduli
3373:Vaccaei
3361:Veteres
3351:Bardili
3346:Turduli
3302:Celtici
3282:Berones
3260:Astures
3248:peoples
3212:Poemani
3197:Narbasi
3187:Luanqui
3182:Louguei
3137:Equaesi
3122:Cibarci
3102:Bracari
3092:Artabri
3044:Oretani
3039:Olcades
3034:Lusones
3014:Arevaci
2952:Edetani
2871:of the
2783:Symbols
2759:Museums
2739:Cuisine
2726:Culture
2690:Society
2667:Tourism
2652:Airport
2641:Economy
2575:Valleys
2497:History
2402:Samhain
2383:La Maya
2373:Antruíu
2327:Mozagro
2203:Musgosu
2188:Mengues
2168:Guajona
2103:Arquetu
2037:Neptune
2027:Jupiter
1701:et alii
1273:Romaika
1259:, 5, 4.
907:Astures
875:oracles
860:Astures
815:Culture
740:Auxilia
731:Reinosa
643:Vaccaei
575:Vaccaei
546:in the
540:Vaccaei
532:Astures
464:coast.
454:Garonne
407:Bergida
368:Vellici
360:Salaeni
340:Conisci
336:Coniaci
332:Concani
317:Blendii
303:Origins
298:History
105:scholar
36:Basques
3556:Romans
3550:, and
3548:Azores
3530:Punics
3481:Greeks
3412:Tapoli
3393:Celtic
3329:Volcae
3270:Belgae
3237:Turodi
3227:Seurri
3222:Seurbi
3177:Limici
3167:Lemavi
3152:Iadovi
3147:Grovii
3127:Cileni
3107:Capori
3087:Arroni
2790:Anthem
2570:Rivers
2436:Lábaru
2378:Marzas
2281:Trenti
2271:Trasgu
2208:Nuberu
2193:Monuca
2128:Cuegle
2098:Anjana
2078:
2059:Heroes
1751:
1725:
1711:
1693:
1679:
1665:
1638:
1619:
1566:
1548:
1502:Horace
1486:Strabo
1470:Strabo
1365:Florus
1317:Caesar
1285:Caesar
1269:Appian
1237:Appian
1203:Punica
1185:Punica
1130:Strabo
1118:Punica
1098:Florus
1014:Strabo
986:(1878)
971:(1911)
891:Horace
883:Strabo
825:Strabo
717:(near
681:legate
655:Florus
608:Lérida
604:Ilerda
588:Pompey
564:consul
388:Besaya
366:, and
216:root *
183:Iberia
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
3391:Para-
3317:Sefes
3207:Nerii
3172:Leuni
3097:Baedi
3064:Uraci
3054:Titii
3019:Belli
2997:Celts
2774:Sport
2754:Music
2706:Crime
2560:Caves
2361:Dates
2178:Ijana
2076:Larus
2022:Janus
1994:Epane
1301:Lucan
1275:, 83.
1222:, 47.
938:Notes
520:Larus
426:]
403:]
348:Noegi
324:]
281:Roman
208:is a
175:Roman
169:) or
157:Greek
112:JSTOR
98:books
3542:The
3312:Ophi
2800:Flag
2662:Dams
2238:Pecu
2032:Mars
1749:ISBN
1723:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1663:ISBN
1636:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1507:Odes
1395:, 9.
1233:Livy
1146:Livy
893:and
858:and
649:and
620:Gaul
598:and
542:and
524:Mago
502:and
500:Livy
460:and
271:and
218:cant
197:Name
151:The
84:news
34:and
771:or
713:),
370:or
338:or
67:by
3580::
3546:,
2434:/
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2390:/
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1600:,
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1488:,
1472:,
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1383:,
1367:,
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1200:,
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1000:,
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969:EB
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759:,
751:,
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