167:
1696:
713:
468:
36:
1088:
from 6 BC to 2 AD, though the nominal commander of the
Eastern half of the Empire, in 1 BC Archelaus recognized Gaius Caesar, then a military commander subordinate to Tiberius, as Augustus' true representative. Though Gaius Caesar was Augustus' preferred successor, his death in 4 AD while on military
972:
chief among them. The "Liberators" then fled from Italy, assuming command of the
Republic's eastern provinces and the eastern client kingdoms, including Cappadocia, in 43 BC. When Ariobarzanes III objected to the level of Roman intervention into his kingdom, Cassius had him executed and installed his
1092:
Assuming the
Imperial throne in 14 AD, Tiberius set about a change in Rome's eastern policy. Wanting direct access to Cappadocia's resources and seeking to reduce Archelaus, Tiberius summoned Archelaus to Rome in 17 AD. At the time, Archelaus had governed Cappadocia as Rome's client king for over
790:
was not and plotted to remove his father from power. His plans were discovered, but the army, not wishing to engage Pompey and his armies, supported
Pharnaces. They marched on Mithridates VI and forced their former king to take his own life in 63 BC. Pharnaces II quickly sent an embassy to Pompey
735:
assumed command of the Roman war effort in 87 BC and soundly defeated
Mithridates VI and his allies in 85 BC. His attention needed in Rome due to rising political challenges, Sulla imposed mild terms on Mithridates VI: Mithridates was to relinquish his control over Bithynia and Cappadocia,
724:
In 89 BC, after having made peace arrangement with Rome and with
Ariobarzanes I restored to the Cappadocian throne, Mithridates VI again invaded Cappadocia, reinstalling his son Ariarathes IX as puppet-king under Pontic rule. Mithridates' actions in Cappadocia sparked the
602:
married
Laodice, he tried to annex Cappadocia into his kingdom and deposed Ariarathes VII. Mithridates VI swiftly invaded, expelling Nicomedes III from the region, restoring his nephew Ariarathes VII to the Cappadocian throne, and returning Cappadocia to Pontus'
953:, Caesar left Egypt in 47 BC and travelled through Syria, Cilicia, and Cappadocia to face Pharnaces II. As Pharnaces II gained word of Caesar's approach with his veteran army, he sent envoys to seek a peace, which Caesar refused. Caesar met Pharnaces II at the
760:
to Asia, Rome drove Pontus and its ally
Armenia out of Asia proper, reasserting Roman dominance over the Asian client kingdoms by 71 BC and conquering Pontus in the process. When Mithridates VI fled to Armenia, Lucullus invaded the kingdom in 69 BC.
1203:
upgraded the province to
Senatorial rank, making its governor equal in rank with that of Syria. As a Senatorial province during the middle of the second century AD, Cappadocia retained a permanent military garrison of three
961:. In return, Caesar named Asander as the kingdom's new Roman client king. Caesar then incorporated Lesser Armenia into Cappadocia to serve as a buffer from Rome's interests in Asia Minor against future Eastern aggression.
1120:. Arriving in the East in 18 AD, Germanicus solidified Roman control over Cappadocia and the region. Under orders from the Emperor, Germanicus also annexing Cappadocia's southeastern neighbor, the client kingdom of
769:
to the East in order to bring the war to a close. Upon his defeat by Pompey, Mithridates VI again fled to
Armenia. Tigranes, however, refused to receive him. Mithridates VI was then forced to flee north across the
764:
Despite initial successes, Lucullus was unable to decisively end the war. By 66 BC, Mithridates VI and Tigranes were able to retake their respective kingdoms and Lucullus was recalled to Rome. The Senate then sent
1257:. The province was the site of a great number of imperial estates, as contemporary legislation testifies. On the highway between Constantinople and Antioch Caesarea saw a significant number of imperial visits (
785:
When Machares refused to launch a new war against Rome, Mithridates VI had him killed and assumed the Bosporan throne for himself. While Mithridates VI was eager to fight the Romans once more, his youngest son
794:
With Mithridates VI absent from Asia Minor, Pompey officially annexed Bithynia, Pontus, and Cilicia in the Roman Republic as provinces. Invading Armenia in 64 BC, Tigranes surrendered to Pompey and become a
2901:
1032:. Augustus considered Archelaus as a loyal ruler, making no commitment to convert Cappadocia into a direct province. As a reward for his loyalty, in 25 BC, Augustus assigned to Archelaus the territories of
1016:
from Greece to Egypt, Cappadocian king Archelaus and the other Eastern client kings declared their loyal to Octavian. In return, Octavian allowed him and the other client kings to remain on their thrones.
751:
in Asia Minor, allowing Mithridates VI to invade and conquer the leaderless kingdom. With Mirthidates VI again having designs on Roman protectorates in Asia Minor, including Cappadocia, Rome launched the
2921:
1738:
614:
on the Cappadocian throne as his puppet king. As a child, Ariarathes IX was unable to maintain control of the kingdom, with the Cappadocian nobles rebelling against his rule in 97 BC and naming
1265:
spent his early years at a remote estate, Macellum. Class divisions between the landowning class and the urban and rural poor were extreme, as was also the climate of this upland plateau.
996:
The Second Triumvirate expired in 33 BC, ending Antony's legal right to govern the Eastern half of the Republic. With the Triumvirate lapsed, the struggle for dominance between Antony and
641:
Instead, the Senate demanded both Pontus and Bithynia withdraw from Cappadocia and guarantee its independence. The Senate ordered Ariarathes IX deposed. With military support from the
2896:
694:
in 90 BC. Nicomedes IV was forced to flee to Italy. A Senatorial delegation was sent east to restore both Nicomedes IV and Ariobarzanes I to their respective kingdoms. Though the
957:, decisively defeating the Pontic king and reassessing Roman dominance over Asia Minor. Upon his return to the Bosporan Kingdom, Pharnaces II was assassinated by his son-in-law
1093:
fifty-years. When he arrived in Rome, Tiberius accused Archelaus of harboring revolutionary schemes and imprisoned him, where he died of natural causes soon thereafter.
1731:
1435:
2916:
618:, son of the murdered Ariarathes VII, as king. Mithridates quickly put down the rebellion, exiled Arirarathes VIII, and restored his son to the Cappadocian throne.
560:
in his failed attempt to overthrow Eumenes III. Both Crassus and Ariarathes V fell in battle against Eumenes III. Ariarathes V's death resulted in his minor son,
522:, a Roman ally. The Ariarathid kings would thereafter become a major ally of Rome in the East. The kingdom supported the Republic as a counterweight against the
1695:
879:
initially supported Pompey against Caesar, thankful for Pompey's support of his father years earlier. However, following Caesar's victory over Pompey at the
53:
791:
with offers of submission. Pompey accepted Pharnaces II's submission and, in returned, named Pharnaces II as the Roman client king of the Bosporan Kingdom.
1724:
1258:
1008:, Antony, supported by the Eastern client kingdoms (including Cappadocia), went to Egypt's aid against Octavian. Octavian's victory over Antony at the
675:, son-in-law of Mithridates VI, invaded Cappadocia at the behest of the Pontic king. Tigranes dethroned Ariobarzanes I, who fled to Rome, and crowned
557:
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2891:
518:
Following Rome's victory over Antiochus, Ariarathes IV entered friendly relations with the Republic by betrothing his daughter to the king of
2911:
1428:
736:
reinstating Ariobarzanes I and Nicomedies IV as Roman client-kings. In return, Rome allowed Mithridates VI to retain his rule over Pontus.
1247:, the Pontic and Armenian territories were split off, and the province was reduced to the region of Cappadocia proper. It was headed by a
1024:
in 27 BC, Cappadocia become an important and trusted Eastern client kingdom, maintaining its tributary independence under the reorganized
534:
from 171 to 166 BC. Rome's defeat of the Selecuids and Macedonia established the Republic as a major power in the eastern Mediterranean.
1212:
units, totally over 28,000 troops. The military presence in Cappadocia served as an important response force against invasions from the
100:
2244:
594:
on orders from Mithridates VI. Mithridates VI then installed his sister Laodice, Ariarathes VI's widow, as regent over for the infant
72:
2393:
119:
698:
was still raging in Italy, Rome was able to successfully restore both kings due to the Republic's growing influence in the region.
807:. Following the death of Ariobarzanes I, Pompey, as one of his final acts in the East before returning to Rome, installed his son
79:
1100:
to oversee Rome's affairs in the East, Tiberius then annexed Cappadocia directly into the Empire by reducing the kingdom into a
2818:
2069:
1421:
1005:
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360:
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332:
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279:
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respectively, appealed to Calvinus for protection and soon the Roman forces sought battle with Pharnaces II. They met at the
668:
57:
1802:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
883:
and Pompey's subsequent assassination in 48 BC, Ariobarzanes III declared his loyalty to Caesar. Caesar subsequently named
610:
The Pontic king would later have Ariarathes VII murdered in 101 BC, with Mirthridates VI installing his eight-year-old son
86:
2204:
1838:
1377:
808:
2641:
1747:
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1189:
1181:
1076:' reign. Rome's policy towards Cappadocia changed, however, following Augustus' death in 14 AD and the reign of Emperor
864:
858:
653:
2124:
1147:
deposed him and annexed his kingdom into direct imperial ruled by incorporating his former territory into Cappadocia.
935:
814:
Ariobarzanes II reigned as Rome's client king until 51 BC when he was assassinated by forces loyal to the neighboring
451:) was directly appointed by the emperor. During the latter 1st century, the province also incorporated the regions of
68:
1029:
1625:
1224:
1012:
in 31 BC ensured Octavian's position as undisputed master of the Roman world. Traveling through Asia Minor and the
989:
assumed command of the Eastern provinces and client kingdoms. In 36 BC, Antony executed Ariarathes X and installed
974:
842:
493:
1716:
695:
46:
2321:
2263:
2074:
1548:
1343:, leading to the fortification of local cities. In the early 7th century, the region was briefly captured by the
1228:
1196:
627:
599:
575:
to Ariarathes VI. Mithridates V would later launch a military invasion of Cappadocia, forming the kingdom into a
2661:
2646:
2470:
2199:
2146:
2142:
2104:
2036:
1857:
1685:
1675:
1558:
1523:
1503:
1483:
884:
838:
837:, installed him upon the Cappadocian throne. In 50 BC, Ariobarzanes III, aided by Cicero, discovered a plot by
804:
656:
was installed as king of Cappadocia. With Ariobarzanes I installed on the throne in 95 BC, Cappadocia became a
631:
584:
1318:
799:
of Rome. With Armenia reduced, Pompey then traveled south and officially annexed the Roman client kingdom of
2465:
2412:
2349:
2189:
2179:
2008:
1978:
1630:
1615:
1553:
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568:
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512:
2671:
2114:
1998:
1603:
1463:
1348:
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969:
787:
732:
649:
977:
upon the Cappadocian throne in 42 BC. Later that year, following the defeat of Brutus and Cassius by the
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2686:
2455:
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2194:
1787:
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834:
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726:
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93:
2109:
1305:
Cappadocia during this period saw a generation of Christian thinkers, the most prominent of whom were
1084:, one of Augustus' grandsons and chief heirs. While Tiberius was in retirement on the Greek island of
2824:
2341:
1993:
1825:
1795:
1635:
1528:
1310:
1132:
1117:
1000:
intensified. As Octavian built up his support in the West, Antony drew ever closer to Egyptian Queen
965:
875:, many members of the Roman Senate under the leadership of Pompey fled to the East. Cappadocian King
527:
447:
683:
under Armenia, Tigranes created a buffer zone between his kingdom and the expanding Roman Republic.
2830:
2785:
2603:
2593:
2255:
2084:
2031:
2026:
1799:
1533:
1508:
1080:. Years earlier, Tiberius had been slighted by Archelaus when the Cappadocian king showed favor to
880:
604:
508:
489:
452:
2681:
2656:
2563:
2538:
2427:
2311:
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1973:
1770:
1620:
1578:
1573:
1176:
982:
978:
950:
672:
531:
526:, which claimed dominion over the Cappadocian kingdom. Cappadocia would also support Rome in the
367:
1413:
2808:
2515:
2505:
2500:
2404:
2374:
2171:
2021:
1912:
1902:
1877:
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1705:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
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1660:
1588:
1583:
1306:
1254:
1209:
1037:
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likewise sent an embassy to Rome, seeking Roman approval of his dominion over Cappadocia. The
580:
439:
353:
187:
176:
2744:
2739:
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1314:
1262:
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311:
1166:, further back from the Parthian frontier. Upon annexation, the province was governed by a
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In the late 330s, the eastern half of the province was split off to form the provinces of
1232:
1213:
1053:
896:
815:
615:
583:. Though nominally independent, Pontic influence over Cappadocia was continued by his son
542:
523:
505:
420:
211:
942:, where Pharnaces II defeated the Roman army and overran much of Cappadocia, Pontus, and
1154:
river to the east, Cappadocia was the most eastern province of the Empire. Its capital,
845:
as king. Together, Cicero and Ariobarzanes III banished Athenais, who was a daughter of
2734:
2729:
2719:
2666:
2611:
2422:
2316:
2288:
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2156:
1945:
1940:
1897:
1887:
1568:
1488:
1444:
1167:
1136:
1101:
1041:
954:
943:
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911:
888:
846:
827:
796:
744:
680:
661:
657:
642:
595:
501:
472:
467:
404:
297:
149:
1216:
and allowed the Roman's easy intervention into the affairs of their client kingdom of
712:
2885:
2616:
2568:
2533:
2523:
2432:
2132:
1935:
1930:
1882:
1862:
1791:
1775:
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1273:
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1113:
1089:
campaign in Armenia forced Augustus to adopt Tiberius and name him as his successor.
1070:
1033:
1021:
915:
868:
831:
611:
561:
497:
456:
590:
In 116 BC, the Cappadocian king Ariarathes VI was murdered by the Cappadocian noble
2814:
2631:
2626:
2578:
2364:
2331:
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2151:
1925:
1803:
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1351:, repeated raids devastated the region, which became a frontier zone under the new
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claimed the Pergamon throne, occupying the territory. In 130 BC, Cappadocian king
2837:
2709:
2676:
2588:
2543:
2417:
2359:
1680:
1609:
1543:
1330:
1135:
ruled as a Roman client king over the remnants of the former kingdom of Pontus (
1125:
986:
964:
Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC, by the members of the Roman Senate,
800:
546:
538:
35:
17:
1810:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
488:
Prior to direct imperial rule, Cappadocia was one of the successor kingdoms of
2704:
2548:
1950:
1779:
1706:
1365:
1361:
1249:
1244:
1097:
892:
720:. Cappadocia, light green, is shown as a client kingdom of Pontus, dark green.
476:
339:
2867:
2854:
1048:. Augustus gave Archelaus these additional territories in order to eliminate
2490:
2379:
1988:
1983:
1598:
1340:
1335:
1200:
1151:
1121:
1045:
1001:
931:
771:
841:, Ariobarzanes III's mother, to depose him and install his younger brother
1069:
Cappadocia remained an important and trusted eastern client kingdom under
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2475:
2184:
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1807:
1163:
1077:
1073:
997:
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in the Eastern Mediterranean and to build a buffer between Rome and the
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2079:
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1140:
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1339:. Throughout late Roman times, the region was subject to raids by the
2790:
1670:
1650:
1645:
1277:
1085:
1049:
1013:
416:
392:
196:
2836: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
1409:
Raymond Van Dam, Kingdom of Snow, University of Pennsylvania Press,
2485:
2480:
2460:
1281:
1261:); Valens (363-378) was particularly frequent. The future emperor
895:
to act as his chief lieutenant in Asia Minor while he traveled to
598:, further solidifying Pontic control over the kingdom. After King
2200:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
1144:
2769:
2229:
1823:
1759:
1720:
1417:
826:
as his rightful successor and, with military backing from the
29:
1333:, the two provinces were rejoined into a single unit under a
630:
sent an embassy to Rome, claiming dominion over the kingdom.
139:
679:
as the new client-king of Cappadocia. With Cappadocia as a
571:
exerted control over Cappadocia by betrothing his daughter
541:(138–133 BC) died without an heir in 133 BC, he bequeathed
1794:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
729:(89-85 BC) between Rome and Pontus and its ally Armenia.
2902:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
626:
In response to the turmoil in Cappadocia, in 95 BC king
1398:
Cambridge Ancient History: The High Empire A.D. 70–192
492:'s empire. The Kingdom of Cappadocia was ruled by the
2922:
7th-century disestablishments in the Byzantine Empire
1400:(Cambridge University Press, 2000), vol. 11, p. 219.
2695:
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2170:
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2007:
1959:
1911:
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1837:
803:in the Republic as a province by deposing its king
388:
234:
221:
207:
183:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1396:Walter Eck, "Emperor, Senate and Magistrates," in
914:, decided to seize the opportunity and conquered
863:Cappadocia became an important player during the
782:, bringing the war to an effective end in 65 BC.
716:A map of Asia Minor in 89 BC at the start of the
638:, however, did not assign the kingdom to either.
1028:. Archelaus became an important client king for
949:After the defeating the Ptolemaic forces at the
1124:, into the Empire as a part of the province of
871:crossed the Rubicon River in 49 BC and started
739:When Nicomedes IV died in 74 BC, he bequeathed
902:With the Romans were distracted by civil war,
500:, Cappadocia first came into contact with the
2897:States and territories established in the 10s
2817:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
1732:
1429:
1020:When Octavian became "Augustus" as the first
756:to end the Pontic threat. Dispatching Consul
686:With Cappadocia secured, Mithridates invaded
423:. It was established in 17 AD by the Emperor
8:
1223:The first Cappadocian to be admitted to the
1104:. Tiberius awarded rule of the Roman client
811:as the new Roman client king of Cappadocia.
2840:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
1243:Following the provincial reorganization of
27:Roman province located in modern-day Turkey
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2057:
1845:
1834:
1820:
1756:
1739:
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1280:split off the south-western region around
1259:Itineraries of the Roman emperors, 337-361
165:
131:
1774:. Provincial administration reformed and
427:(ruled 14–37 AD), following the death of
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1748:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
1143:). However, in 62 AD, the Roman Emperor
711:
466:
1389:
558:Publius Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus
182:
2917:10s establishments in the Roman Empire
922:(territories of the Roman province of
1329:In the period 535–553, under emperor
1235:during the middle second century AD.
251:
247:
233:
220:
216:
202:
7:
1445:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
993:as the new Cappadocian client king.
564:, occupying the Cappadocian throne.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
622:Roman client kingdom (95 BC-14 AD)
25:
2180:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
1806:in c. 640–660, although in
1694:
1347:. Following the eruption of the
926:). The rulers of Cappadocia and
372:
358:
344:
330:
316:
302:
277:
171:The Roman empire in the time of
69:"Cappadocia" Roman province
34:
1790:established after the death of
1180:. The Procutors commanded only
1162:), was located in more central
906:, the Roman client king of the
496:from 331 BC until 95 BC. Under
236:• Thematic reorganization
45:needs additional citations for
2138:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
2062:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
1317:, and a cousin of the former,
1006:Octavian declared war on Egypt
1:
2892:Provinces of the Roman Empire
2205:Tripolitania (Roman province)
1783:
1378:Roman governors of Cappadocia
1294:, while the remainder became
1131:For much the 1st century AD,
1112:and rule of the Roman client
442:, meaning that its governor (
859:Crisis of the Roman Republic
2912:Cappadocia (Roman province)
2813: Re-established after
2125:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
1229:Tiberius Claudius Gordianus
865:Roman Republican civil wars
702:Mithridatic Wars (88-63 BC)
2938:
856:
778:under the rule of his son
705:
179:of Cappadocia highlighted.
140:
2803:
2786:Quaestura exercitus (536)
2776:
2765:
2239:
2225:
1833:
1819:
1766:
1755:
1703:
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1096:Sending his adoptive son
628:Nicomedes III of Bithynia
600:Nicomedes III of Bithynia
256:
252:
248:
244:
217:
203:
164:
159:
148:
2662:Palaestina III Salutaris
1858:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
1484:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
1192:of Syria for direction.
1182:auxiliary military units
1030:Augustus' Eastern policy
910:and the youngest son of
885:Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus
839:Athenais Philostorgos II
805:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
758:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
632:Mithridates VI of Pontus
585:Mithridates VI of Pontus
479:from 188 BC until 63 BC.
415:(modern central-eastern
2829: Placed under the
2190:Mauretania Caesariensis
2009:Diocese of the Britains
1631:Mauretania Caesariensis
1319:Amphilochios of Iconium
1108:to Archelaus' step-son
930:, Ariobarzanes III and
569:Mithridates V of Pontus
504:as a foe allied to the
419:), with its capital at
175:(117–138 AD), with the
2672:Phoenice II Libanensis
2375:Macedonia II Salutaris
1788:praetorian prefectures
1750:(4th–7th centuries AD)
1604:Hispania Tarraconensis
1313:, his younger brother
1231:, during the reign of
970:Gaius Cassius Longinus
788:Pharnaces II of Pontus
733:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
721:
667:In 93 BC, troops from
650:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
480:
2394:Praetorian prefecture
2269:Noricum mediterraneum
2245:Praetorian prefecture
2195:Mauretania Sitifensis
2090:Picenum Suburbicarium
2051:Praetorian prefecture
1839:Praetorian prefecture
1786: 293. Permanent
1197:Roman civil war of 69
1065:During the Principate
857:Further information:
835:Marcus Tullius Cicero
754:Third Mithridatic War
747:. His death caused a
727:First Mithridatic War
718:First Mithridatic War
715:
706:Further information:
471:The expansion of the
470:
285:Kingdom of Cappadocia
2825:Diocese of Illyricum
2819:Prefecture of Africa
2574:Galatia II Salutaris
2342:Diocese of Macedonia
2232:Eastern Roman Empire
1994:Mauretania Tingitana
1826:Western Roman Empire
1636:Mauretania Tingitana
1529:Corsica and Sardinia
1469:Africa proconsularis
1311:Gregory of Nazianzos
1133:Polemon II of Pontus
966:Marcus Junius Brutus
528:Third Macedonian War
515:from 192 to 188 BC.
136:Provincia Cappadocia
54:improve this article
2868:38.6706°N 34.8392°E
2864: /
2831:Quaestura exercitus
2604:Diocese of the East
2594:Pontus Polemoniacus
2256:Diocese of Pannonia
2085:Lucania et Bruttium
2032:Maxima Caesariensis
2027:Flavia Caesariensis
1534:Crete and Cyrenaica
1509:Bithynia and Pontus
1309:, his close friend
1253:and came under the
1239:During the Dominate
936:Battle of Nicopolis
881:Battle of Pharsulus
849:, from Cappadocia.
605:sphere of influence
509:Antiochus the Great
490:Alexander the Great
141:ἐπαρχία Καππαδοκίας
2682:Syria II Salutaris
2539:Armenian Satrapies
2312:Dacia Mediterranea
2234:(395–c. 640)
2162:Venetia et Histria
2070:Apulia et Calabria
1771:Notitia Dignitatum
1621:Lycia et Pamphylia
1599:Hispania Lusitania
1579:Gallia Narbonensis
1574:Gallia Lugdunensis
1325:Later developments
1286:Cappadocia Secunda
1276:. In 371, emperor
1184:and looked to the
1116:to Archelaus' son
1114:kingdom of Cilicia
1106:kingdom of Armenia
1036:along the eastern
983:Battle of Philippi
979:Second Triumvirate
951:Battle of the Nile
722:
673:Tigranes the Great
532:Perseus of Macedon
513:Roman–Seleucid War
494:Ariarathid dynasty
481:
438:Cappadocia was an
368:Cappadocia (theme)
223:• Annexed by
2847:
2846:
2809:Septem Provinciae
2799:
2798:
2771:Other territories
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2544:Armenia III (536)
2516:Diocese of Pontus
2506:Phrygia Salutaris
2501:Phrygia Pacatiana
2405:Diocese of Thrace
2388:
2387:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2172:Diocese of Africa
2045:
2044:
1913:Diocese of Vienne
1903:Maxima Sequanorum
1815:
1814:
1714:
1713:
1666:Pannonia Superior
1661:Pannonia Inferior
1589:Germania Superior
1584:Germania Inferior
1448:
1307:Basil of Caesarea
1255:Diocese of Pontus
1038:Mediterranean Sea
822:declared his son
690:, defeating king
581:Kingdom of Pontus
440:imperial province
398:
397:
384:
383:
380:
379:
354:Sebasteia (theme)
290:
289:
177:imperial province
160:18 AD–7th Century
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2929:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:38.6706; 34.8392
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2823: Later the
2807: Later the
2767:
2745:Thebais Inferior
2740:Thebais Superior
2697:Diocese of Egypt
2687:Theodorias (528)
2549:Armenia IV (536)
2401:
2304:Diocese of Dacia
2294:Valeria ripensis
2252:
2241:
2227:
2110:Tuscia et Umbria
2058:
1961:Diocese of Spain
1846:
1835:
1821:
1785:
1768:As found in the
1757:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1698:
1594:Hispania Baetica
1564:Gallia Aquitania
1446:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1401:
1394:
1349:Muslim conquests
1315:Gregory of Nyssa
1298:, still under a
1296:Cappadocia Prima
1010:Battle of Actium
973:younger brother
908:Bosporan Kingdom
877:Ariobarzanes III
853:Roman civil wars
824:Ariobarzanes III
776:Bosporan Kingdom
767:Pompey the Great
708:Mithridatic Wars
376:
375:
362:
361:
348:
347:
334:
333:
320:
319:
312:Koloneia (theme)
306:
305:
294:
293:
281:
280:
274:
273:
258:
257:
225:Emperor Tiberius
169:
143:
142:
137:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:Cappadocia Prima
2937:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2882:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2795:
2772:
2749:
2725:Augustamnica II
2691:
2598:
2510:
2448:Diocese of Asia
2442:
2395:
2384:
2370:Macedonia Prima
2336:
2298:
2274:Noricum ripense
2246:
2235:
2209:
2166:
2119:
2052:
2041:
2003:
1955:
1921:Alpes Maritimae
1907:
1893:Lugdunensis III
1850:Diocese of Gaul
1840:
1829:
1828:(395–476)
1811:
1778:established by
1762:
1751:
1745:
1715:
1710:
1699:
1690:
1651:Moesia Superior
1646:Moesia Inferior
1479:Alpes Maritimae
1450:
1442:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1374:
1345:Sassanid Empire
1327:
1284:, which became
1274:Armenia Secunda
1241:
1233:Marcus Aurelius
1214:Parthian Empire
1190:Imperial Legate
1174:with the title
1172:Equestrian rank
1067:
1062:
1054:Parthian Empire
897:Ptolemaic Egypt
861:
855:
816:Parthian Empire
809:Ariobarzanes II
710:
704:
624:
616:Ariarathes VIII
524:Seleucid Empire
486:
465:
373:
359:
345:
331:
317:
303:
278:
237:
227:
190:
170:
144:
138:
135:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2935:
2933:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2884:
2883:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2821:
2811:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2735:Libya Inferior
2732:
2730:Libya Superior
2727:
2722:
2720:Augustamnica I
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2476:Lycaonia (370)
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Dacia Ripensis
2314:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Carthaginensis
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1946:Novempopulania
1943:
1941:Narbonensis II
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1898:Lugdunensis IV
1895:
1890:
1888:Lugdunensis II
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1569:Gallia Belgica
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1489:Arabia Petraea
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1326:
1323:
1240:
1237:
1199:, the Emperor
1195:Following the
1137:Lesser Armenia
1102:Roman province
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:Roman province
1058:
1042:Lesser Armenia
955:Battle of Zela
920:Lesser Armenia
912:Mithridates VI
889:Roman governor
854:
851:
847:Mithridates VI
828:Roman governor
797:client kingdom
745:Roman Republic
703:
700:
681:client kingdom
662:Roman Republic
658:client kingdom
654:Ariobarzanes I
643:Roman governor
623:
620:
596:Ariarathes VII
553:supported the
502:Roman Republic
485:
482:
473:Roman Republic
464:
461:
431:'s last king,
396:
395:
390:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
370:
364:
363:
356:
350:
349:
342:
336:
335:
328:
322:
321:
314:
308:
307:
300:
298:Armeniac Theme
291:
288:
287:
282:
270:
269:
264:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
209:
208:Historical era
205:
204:
201:
200:
185:
181:
180:
162:
161:
157:
156:
146:
145:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2934:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2768:
2764:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2657:Palaestina II
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:Cappadocia II
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Armenia Maior
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Alpes Cottiae
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1999:Tarraconensis
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Narbonensis I
1934:
1932:
1931:Aquitanica II
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:Lugdunensis I
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:Constantine I
1789:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1708:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Alpes Cottiae
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:Armenia Prima
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:Roman Emperor
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
967:
962:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
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43:This article
41:
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2907:Roman Pontus
2849:
2791:Spania (552)
2652:Palaestina I
2632:Euphratensis
2579:Helenopontus
2559:Cappadocia I
2466:Hellespontus
2365:Epirus Vetus
2332:Praevalitana
2247:of Illyricum
2037:Valentia (?)
2022:Britannia II
1926:Aquitanica I
1804:theme system
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1225:Roman Senate
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1208:and several
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1150:Bording the
1149:
1130:
1118:Archelaus II
1110:Artaxias III
1095:
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1082:Gaius Caesar
1068:
1026:Roman Empire
1019:
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975:Ariarathes X
963:
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904:Pharnaces II
901:
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843:Ariarathes X
820:Roman Senate
813:
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749:power vacuum
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692:Nicomedes IV
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577:protectorate
566:
555:Roman Consul
551:Ariarathes V
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409:Roman Empire
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267:Succeeded by
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191:(modern-day
154:Roman Empire
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2871: /
2838:Justinian I
2710:Aegyptus II
2642:Mesopotamia
2589:Paphlagonia
2418:Haemimontus
2396:of the East
2360:Epirus Nova
2284:Pannonia II
2017:Britannia I
1878:Germania II
1709:'s reforms.
1641:Mesopotamia
1331:Justinian I
987:Mark Antony
985:, Triumvir
938:in eastern
547:Eumenes III
543:his kingdom
539:Attalus III
511:during the
262:Preceded by
240:7th Century
2886:Categories
2859:34°50′21″E
2856:38°40′14″N
2815:reconquest
2705:Aegyptus I
2667:Phoenice I
2622:Cilicia II
2529:Armenia II
2279:Pannonia I
1951:Viennensis
1873:Germania I
1868:Belgica II
1808:Asia Minor
1780:Diocletian
1707:Diocletian
1519:Cappadocia
1384:References
1366:Armeniakon
1362:Anatolikon
1300:consularis
1250:consularis
1245:Diocletian
1186:Senatorial
1177:Procurator
1098:Germanicus
1044:along the
696:Social War
660:under the
537:When King
484:Roman ally
477:Asia Minor
429:Cappadocia
401:Cappadocia
340:Charsianon
80:newspapers
2617:Cilicia I
2569:Galatia I
2524:Armenia I
2491:Pamphylia
2423:Moesia II
2380:Thessalia
2157:Raetia II
1989:Lusitania
1984:Gallaecia
1974:Balearica
1863:Belgica I
1626:Macedonia
1514:Britannia
1353:Byzantine
1341:Isaurians
1336:proconsul
1210:auxiliary
1201:Vespasian
1152:Euphrates
1122:Commagene
1046:Black Sea
1002:Cleopatra
991:Archelaus
932:Deiotarus
772:Black Sea
545:to Rome.
433:Archelaus
212:Antiquity
2584:Honorias
2554:Bithynia
2327:Moesia I
2322:Dardania
2264:Dalmatia
2185:Byzacena
2152:Raetia I
2100:Sardinia
2075:Campania
2053:of Italy
1776:dioceses
1549:Dalmatia
1464:Aegyptus
1447:(117 AD)
1372:See also
1288:under a
1168:governor
1164:Anatolia
1158:(modern
1156:Caesarea
1078:Tiberius
1074:Augustus
998:Octavian
944:Bithynia
940:Anatolia
780:Machares
741:Bithynia
688:Bithynia
530:against
520:Pergamum
425:Tiberius
421:Caesarea
413:Anatolia
405:province
188:Caesarea
150:Province
110:May 2017
2781:Taurica
2715:Arcadia
2677:Syria I
2647:Osroene
2637:Isauria
2496:Pisidia
2471:Islands
2438:Thracia
2433:Scythia
2428:Rhodope
2147:Aemilia
2143:Liguria
2115:Valeria
2105:Sicilia
2095:Samnium
2080:Corsica
1969:Baetica
1841:of Gaul
1796:Ravenna
1761:History
1686:Thracia
1676:Sicilia
1656:Noricum
1559:Galatia
1524:Cilicia
1504:Assyria
1494:Armenia
1357:themata
1291:praeses
1218:Armenia
1206:legions
1188:ranked
1160:Kayseri
1141:Colchis
1071:Emperor
1034:Cilicia
1004:. When
981:at the
959:Asander
928:Galatia
916:Colchis
867:. When
832:Cilicia
774:to the
743:to the
677:Gordius
669:Armenia
647:Cilicia
592:Gordius
579:of the
573:Laodice
463:History
448:Augusti
445:legatus
407:of the
326:Chaldia
193:Kayseri
184:Capital
173:Hadrian
152:of the
94:scholar
2833:in 536
2627:Cyprus
2612:Arabia
2413:Europa
2350:Achaea
1800:Africa
1671:Raetia
1616:Iudaea
1610:Italia
1554:Epirus
1539:Cyprus
1459:Achaia
1278:Valens
1263:Julian
1086:Rhodes
1050:piracy
1014:Levant
924:Pontus
818:. The
671:under
453:Pontus
417:Turkey
403:was a
393:Turkey
197:Turkey
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2486:Lydia
2481:Lycia
2461:Caria
2355:Creta
2289:Savia
1681:Syria
1544:Dacia
1282:Tyana
1126:Syria
801:Syria
567:King
230:18 AD
101:JSTOR
87:books
2456:Asia
1798:and
1499:Asia
1364:and
1272:and
1227:was
1145:Nero
1139:and
1040:and
968:and
918:and
893:Asia
455:and
73:news
2145:et
1360:of
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