82:, then president of Carnegie, there was "little doubt that if the Bantu were given full economic opportunity, the more competent among them would soon outstrip the less competent whites". Keppel's support for the project of creating the report was motivated by his concern with the maintenance of existing racial boundaries. The preoccupation of the Carnegie Corporation with the so-called poor white problem in South Africa was at least in part the outcome of similar misgivings about the state of
75:. It was not uncommon to find whites who were driven into wage labour managing a lifestyle similar to that of Bantu wage labourers. As white proletarianisation proceeded and racial integration began to emerge as an urban phenomenon, white poverty attracted attention and concern. In the 1870s, for example, a colonial visitor to Grahamstown wrote that "miscellaneous herds of whites and blacks lived together in the most promiscuous manner imaginable."
470:
3196:
1117:
131:
questions for supremacists about white racial superiority. Since poor whites were found to be in the same situation as Bantu in the
African environment, the idea that intrinsic white superiority could overcome any environment did not seem to hold. As such, "scientific" justifications for racism were not as widely used in South Africa as they were in other parts of the world.
106:
fear about the loss of white racial pride, and in particular pointed to the danger that the poor white would not be able to resist the process of "Bantu-isation." In seeking to prevent a class-based movement that would unite the poor across racial lines the report sought to heighten race as opposed to class differences as the significant social category.
105:
Although the ground work for
Apartheid began earlier, the report provided support for the idea that the maintenance of white superiority would require support from social institutions. This was the justification for the segregation, and discrimination of the following decades. The report expressed
130:
Although scientific racism played a role in justifying and supporting institutional racism in South Africa, it was not as important in South Africa as it has been in Europe and the United States. This was due, in part to the "poor white problem", described by the report. The report raised serious
114:
The findings of the report helped bolster support for segregation and strict limits and laws for black South
Africans. The hope was that the program of segregation would help poor whites, by giving them institutional assistance, and thus prevent race-mixing and maintain racial purity and economic
98:
recommended that "employment sanctuaries" be established for poor white workers and that poor white workers should replace "native" black workers in most skilled aspects of the economy. The authors of the report suggested that unless something was done to help poor whites racial deterioration and
97:
At the turn of the century white
Americans and whites elsewhere in the world felt uneasy because poverty and economic depression seemed to strike people regardless of race. White poverty contradicted notions of racial superiority and hence it became the focus of "scientific" study. The report
62:
Before the study, white poverty had long been the subject of debate in South Africa, and poor whites the subject of church, scholarly and state attention. White poverty became a social problem in the early 1900s, when many whites were dispossessed of land as a result of the
170:
3005:
1153:
1783:
396:
1074:
94:
The commission report encompassed five volumes that dealt, in turn, with the economic, psychological, educational, health, and sociological facets of the "poor white" phenomenon.
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1950:
1741:
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2009:
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2149:
543:
168:
Roos, Neil (2003). "The Second World War, the Army
Education Scheme and the 'Discipline' of the White Poor in South Africa".
17:
148:
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1929:
3081:
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1973:
1094:
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1980:
1936:
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2016:
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755:
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1029:
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728:
503:
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79:
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1987:
1720:
1483:
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439:
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946:
920:
325:
308:
Verbeek, Jennifer (1986). "Racially segregated school libraries in KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa".
187:
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64:
119:
in South Africa would differ from institutional racism in other parts of the world where
123:, which supposed intrinsic racial differences, played a more prominent role (many white
3123:
2845:
2719:
2362:
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1959:
1901:
1894:
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329:
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214:
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960:
250:
The
American Century: Consensus and Coercion in the Projection of American Power
183:
68:
321:
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36:
The Poor White
Problem in South Africa: Report of the Carnegie Commission
1510:
429:
223:. New Brunswich, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. pp. 66–67.
2237:
1393:
1172:
802:
284:
Haunted by Empire: Geographies of
Intimacy in North American History
1385:
171:
History of
Education: Journal of the History of Education Society
1135:
378:
220:
The Silent War: Imperialism and the
Changing Perception of Race
18:
Carnegie Commission on the Poor White Problem in South Africa
468:
46:
that some have argued would later serve as a blueprint for
3158:
3064:
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2352:
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2201:
1997:
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1404:
1170:
1002:
929:
887:
786:
769:
687:
584:
567:
491:
480:
412:
350:
718:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
310:Journal of Librarianship and Information Science
1951:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
613:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
1147:
390:
50:. The report was funded and published by the
8:
657:South African Liberal Students' Association
247:Slater, David; Taylor, Peter James (1999).
115:power. Because of the "poor white problem"
2349:
1408:
1154:
1140:
1132:
884:
488:
397:
383:
375:
242:
240:
276:
274:
154:Carnegie Corporation Oral History Project
2024:Reconstruction and Development Programme
353:Scientific Racism in Modern South Africa
1620:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
341:
339:
140:
2101:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
209:
207:
205:
203:
201:
157:. Columbia University Libraries. 2006.
38:" (1932) was a study of poverty among
3221:Works about apartheid in South Africa
287:. Duke University Press. p. 66.
7:
651:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
78:According to one memorandum sent to
2031:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1677:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
739:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
674:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
619:Congress of South African Students
25:
3183:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2818:South African Party (Cape Colony)
84:poor whites in the American South
3195:
3194:
1116:
1115:
909:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
645:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
42:that made recommendations about
2832:South African Party (1977–1980)
2825:South African Party (1911–1934)
2741:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
2538:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
663:South African Students Congress
281:Stoler, Ann Laura, ed. (2006).
2150:2019 service delivery protests
2136:#FeesMustFall student protests
1881:1983 constitutional referendum
577:South Africa political parties
357:. Cambridge University Press.
127:have multi-racial ancestors).
1:
2608:Johannesburg Reform Committee
1837:Israel–South Africa Agreement
1230:
1215:
1192:
1185:
813:(Don't) touch me on my studio
669:South African Wine Initiative
2263:Black Consciousness Movement
2017:Government of National Unity
761:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
607:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
149:"First Inquiry Into Poverty"
1974:Saint James Church massacre
1860:Weapons of mass destruction
989:No Land! No House! No Vote!
903:No Land! No House! No Vote!
184:10.1080/0046760032000151474
3252:
3231:White South African people
1714:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
1592:South West Africa campaign
1491:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
1456:French Huguenot settlement
322:10.1177/096100068601800102
3192:
3169:African National Congress
2629:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
1967:1992 apartheid referendum
1113:
756:Treatment Action Campaign
734:Landless Peoples Movement
702:South Africa trade unions
466:
2622:Labour Party (1969–1994)
2615:Labour Party (1910–1958)
2171:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
2129:#RhodesMustFall protests
1728:1960 republic referendum
1075:Political assassinations
751:Social Justice Coalition
713:Mandela Park Backyarders
406:Politics of South Africa
3067:terrorist organisations
2157:2019 Johannesburg riots
1770:Constructive engagement
1735:International isolation
1553:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
915:One Settler, One Bullet
2080:Attack on Kennedy Road
1691:Congress of the People
1282:South African Republic
873:Anti-Chinese sentiment
858:White monopoly capital
724:Poor People's Alliance
474:
102:would be the outcome.
2650:Natal Indian Congress
2370:Afrikaner Broederbond
2224:Afrikaner nationalism
2010:1994 general election
1981:Bophuthatswana crisis
1874:Church Street bombing
1654:Apartheid legislation
1647:1948 general election
1567:South Africa Act 1909
1362:Union of South Africa
1182:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1162:Political history of
1060:Legacies of apartheid
921:"Each One, Teach One"
878:Anti-Indian sentiment
823:Proudly South African
729:Abahlali baseMjondolo
504:Afrikaner nationalism
472:
29:1932 study of poverty
3236:1932 in South Africa
2284:Greater South Africa
2122:2014 platinum strike
1988:Shell House massacre
1916:Transkei coup d'état
1721:Sharpeville massacre
1484:Battle of Blaauwberg
1477:Battle of Muizenberg
1429:Battle of Salt River
1212:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1080:Political repression
975:Long Walk to Freedom
473:Flag of South Africa
117:institutional racism
67:, especially in the
52:Carnegie Corporation
40:white South Africans
3176:Democratic Alliance
2353:Civic and political
2217:Afrikaner Calvinism
2210:African nationalism
2059:African Renaissance
1749:UNSC Resolution 591
1670:Internal resistance
1571:National Convention
1539:Transvaal Civil War
1463:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
1346:Orange River Colony
1070:Phala Phala robbery
968:I Write What I Like
793:African Renaissance
519:Black consciousness
499:African nationalism
1923:Ciskei coup d'état
1742:UN Resolution 1761
1707:Women's March 1956
1560:South African Wars
1546:Mineral Revolution
475:
3226:Poverty in Africa
3208:
3207:
3161:political parties
3154:
3153:
3131:Orde van die Dood
2748:Progressive Party
2454:Congress Alliance
2270:Cape Independence
2202:Political culture
2197:
2196:
2164:COVID-19 pandemic
2094:Marikana massacre
1930:Venda coup d'état
1684:Defiance Campaign
1274:Orange Free State
1204:Dutch Cape Colony
1129:
1128:
1020:Cape Independence
998:
997:
940:African Communist
896:Amandla Ngawethu!
798:Alternative media
787:Political culture
779:South African law
683:
682:
569:Political parties
253:. Wiley. p.
121:scientific racism
65:South African War
16:(Redirected from
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3065:Paramilitary and
3057:
3055:Umkosi Wezintaba
3050:
3043:
3036:
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3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
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2900:social movements
2898:Trade unions and
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2419:Boerestaat Party
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
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2089:
2082:
2075:
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2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1909:Dakar Conference
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1839:
1832:
1830:Israeli alliance
1825:
1818:
1811:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1784:Sporting boycott
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1756:Academic boycott
1751:
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1737:
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1709:
1700:
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1613:Great Depression
1608:
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1599:Maritz rebellion
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1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1493:
1486:
1479:
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1451:
1449:Dutch settlement
1431:
1424:
1422:Bantu migrations
1409:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1354:Transvaal Colony
1349:
1341:
1333:
1325:
1322:Nieuwe Republiek
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1269:
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1258:Natalia Republic
1253:
1245:
1237:
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1227:Ndwandwe Kingdom
1222:
1220:
1217:
1207:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1119:
1118:
1055:Land occupations
1050:Labour brokering
982:Molotov Cocktail
885:
746:Reclaim the City
694:Social movements
625:Earthlife Africa
524:Environmentalism
489:
399:
392:
385:
376:
369:
368:
356:
343:
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80:Frederick Keppel
21:
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2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
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2564:
2559:HNP (Herenigde)
2557:
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2529:
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2377:Afrikaner Party
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2345:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2291:Honorary whites
2289:
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2222:
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2208:
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2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2052:Soweto bombings
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1853:Soweto Uprising
1851:
1844:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1777:Tar Baby Option
1775:
1768:
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1726:
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1698:Freedom Charter
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1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1298:Griqualand West
1296:
1290:Griqualand East
1288:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1166:
1160:
1130:
1125:
1109:
1090:Sexual violence
1010:Corrective rape
994:
931:
925:
883:
863:Ungovernability
818:Freedom Charter
782:
765:
708:Equal Education
692:
679:
588:
580:
563:
483:
476:
464:
408:
403:
373:
372:
365:
345:
344:
337:
307:
306:
302:
295:
280:
279:
272:
265:
246:
245:
238:
231:
213:
212:
199:
167:
166:
162:
147:
146:
142:
137:
112:
92:
60:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3249:
3247:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3124:Ossewabrandwag
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2867:Unionist Party
2863:
2856:
2849:
2846:Torch Commando
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2720:Orde Boerevolk
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2496:DP (1989–2000)
2492:
2489:DP (1973–1977)
2485:
2482:Dominion Party
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2363:Afrikaner Bond
2358:
2356:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2303:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2277:Day of the Vow
2273:
2266:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2045:Floor crossing
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1960:Bisho massacre
1956:
1955:
1954:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1902:Operation Vula
1898:
1895:Rubicon speech
1891:
1888:Langa massacre
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1650:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1606:Rand Rebellion
1602:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1532:Boer Republics
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1417:
1415:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1378:Bophuthatswana
1374:
1366:
1358:
1350:
1342:
1338:Klein Vrystaat
1334:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1223:
1208:
1200:
1177:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
993:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
935:
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
918:
911:
906:
899:
891:
889:
882:
881:
880:
875:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
838:Tenderpreneurs
835:
830:
828:Rainbow nation
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
788:
784:
783:
775:
773:
767:
766:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
742:
741:
736:
731:
721:
715:
710:
698:
696:
685:
684:
681:
680:
678:
677:
671:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
637:
635:Khanya College
632:
627:
622:
616:
610:
604:
599:
593:
591:
582:
581:
573:
571:
565:
564:
562:
561:
556:
551:
549:Pan-Africanism
546:
544:Libertarianism
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
495:
493:
486:
478:
477:
467:
465:
463:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
416:
414:
410:
409:
404:
402:
401:
394:
387:
379:
371:
370:
363:
335:
300:
293:
270:
263:
236:
229:
197:
178:(6): 645–659.
160:
139:
138:
136:
133:
111:
108:
91:
88:
59:
56:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3248:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:Die Spoorbund
3038:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:Workers Party
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:Radio Freedom
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2713:Oranjewerkers
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:organisations
2351:
2348:
2346:organisations
2342:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2143:Tshwane riots
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:Project Coast
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:Mafeje affair
1843:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1816:Durban Moment
1813:
1810:
1809:Rivonia Trial
1806:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1763:Disinvestment
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1518:1820 Settlers
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1228:
1224:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
991:
990:
986:
984:
983:
979:
977:
976:
972:
970:
969:
965:
963:
962:
958:
956:
955:
951:
949:
948:
944:
942:
941:
937:
936:
934:
928:
922:
919:
916:
912:
910:
907:
904:
900:
897:
893:
892:
890:
886:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
853:UnFreedom Day
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
785:
781:
780:
774:
772:
768:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
725:
722:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
704:
703:
697:
695:
690:
686:
675:
672:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
641:
640:Koeberg Alert
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
603:
602:Afrikanerbond
600:
598:
595:
594:
592:
590:
589:organisations
583:
579:
578:
572:
570:
566:
560:
557:
555:
554:Non-racialism
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
494:
490:
487:
485:
479:
471:
461:
458:
456:
455:Northern Cape
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
435:KwaZulu-Natal
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
415:
411:
407:
400:
395:
393:
388:
386:
381:
380:
377:
366:
364:0-521-47907-X
360:
355:
354:
348:
342:
340:
336:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
304:
301:
296:
294:0-8223-3724-X
290:
286:
285:
277:
275:
271:
266:
264:0-631-21222-1
260:
256:
252:
251:
243:
241:
237:
232:
230:0-8135-2612-4
226:
222:
221:
216:
215:Füredi, Frank
210:
208:
206:
204:
202:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:
164:
161:
156:
155:
150:
144:
141:
134:
132:
128:
126:
122:
118:
109:
107:
103:
101:
100:miscegenation
95:
89:
87:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
66:
57:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
27:
19:
3199:
3159:Histories of
2860:United Party
2769:Reform Party
2706:Orangia Unie
2331:
2322:
2315:Swart gevaar
2313:
2297:
2253:
2244:
2185:
2087:Blikkiesdorp
1413:Pre-colonial
1266:Natal Colony
1250:Zulu Kingdom
1164:South Africa
1120:
1040:Gupta family
1035:Farm attacks
987:
980:
973:
966:
959:
952:
945:
938:
776:
699:
689:Trade unions
615:(CONTRALESA)
574:
460:Western Cape
420:Eastern Cape
352:
316:(1): 23–46.
313:
309:
303:
283:
249:
219:
175:
169:
163:
152:
143:
129:
113:
104:
96:
93:
77:
61:
35:
33:
31:
26:
2299:Rooi gevaar
2178:2021 unrest
2108:Nkandlagate
1937:Third Force
1798:Rugby union
1396:(1981–1994)
1388:(1979–1994)
1380:(1977–1994)
1372:(1976–1994)
1364:(1910–1961)
1356:(1902–1910)
1348:(1902–1910)
1340:(1886–1891)
1332:(1885–1887)
1324:(1884–1888)
1316:(1882–1885)
1308:(1882–1883)
1300:(1870–1873)
1292:(1861–1879)
1284:(1856–1902)
1276:(1854–1902)
1268:(1843–1910)
1260:(1839–1843)
1252:(1816–1897)
1244:(1795–1910)
1242:Cape Colony
1234: 1780
1219: 1780
1206:(1652–1806)
1196: 1220
1189: 1075
1105:Third Force
1095:Shack fires
932:periodicals
413:By province
347:Dubow, Saul
44:segregation
3215:Categories
3110:Greyshirts
2874:Volksparty
2412:Black Sash
2073:Xenophobia
2066:Travelgate
1823:Border War
1627:Bantustans
1525:Great Trek
1470:Xhosa Wars
1330:Upingtonia
1314:Stellaland
868:Xenophobia
808:Corruption
559:Trotskyism
539:Liberalism
529:Federalism
492:Ideologies
450:North West
445:Mpumalanga
425:Free State
135:References
125:Afrikaners
90:The report
58:Background
2333:Volkstaat
2324:Uitlander
2255:Boerehaat
2231:Anarchism
2038:Arms Deal
2001:apartheid
1661:Pass laws
1638:Apartheid
1583:1910–1948
1502:1815–1910
1440:1652–1815
1100:Terrorism
1030:e-tolling
1025:Elections
954:ANC Today
930:Books and
843:Toyi-toyi
630:Keep Left
597:AfriForum
587:political
509:Anarchism
484:movements
482:Political
192:145424883
73:Transvaal
48:Apartheid
3201:Category
3103:Boeremag
2601:Jeugkrag
2552:Het Volk
2246:Baasskap
2188:incident
1791:Olympics
1370:Transkei
1173:polities
1171:Defunct
1122:Category
1085:Protests
1045:HIV/AIDS
833:Renaming
720:(PASSOP)
534:Feminism
514:Anti-war
349:(1995).
330:62204622
217:(1998).
3006:SAAPAWU
2344:Defunct
2307:Slavery
1511:Mfecane
1065:Lindela
947:Amandla
888:Slogans
665:(SASCO)
659:(SALSA)
653:(PAGAD)
621:(COSAS)
440:Limpopo
430:Gauteng
2957:FOSATU
2811:SAYRCO
2783:SADECO
2699:Occupy
2238:Azania
2186:Lady R
2115:Racism
1944:CODESA
1405:Events
1394:Ciskei
1306:Goshen
1236:–1819)
1221:–1817)
848:Ubuntu
803:Azania
676:(ZACF)
647:(LGEP)
585:Other
361:
328:
291:
261:
227:
190:
110:Impact
3138:PAGAD
3034:SATUC
3027:SARHU
3013:SACTU
2992:NURHS
2950:FNETU
2936:CTSWU
2929:CNETU
2922:BLATU
2804:SAYCO
2692:NUSAS
2573:IDASA
2384:AITUP
1999:Post-
1386:Venda
1015:Crime
1003:Other
609:(AWB)
326:S2CID
188:S2CID
3145:SANF
3075:APLA
3020:SAIF
2999:PAWE
2985:NEUM
2978:MUSA
2943:FCWU
2888:WOSA
2839:TNIP
2797:SASO
2790:SAIC
2776:SABP
2727:PAVN
2461:COSG
2440:CTEG
2433:CNIP
961:Biko
777:see
700:see
575:see
359:ISBN
289:ISBN
259:ISBN
225:ISBN
71:and
69:Cape
3096:BBB
3089:AWB
3082:ARM
3048:UDF
2971:IWW
2964:ICU
2915:BCM
2908:APF
2853:UFP
2755:PRP
2734:PFP
2685:NRP
2678:NPP
2664:NNP
2657:NLP
2643:NCP
2594:ISL
2545:GNP
2517:ECC
2510:DSM
2503:DPP
2475:DLF
2447:COD
2426:CDA
2405:BPC
2398:AVF
2391:APO
771:Law
691:and
318:doi
255:290
180:doi
3217::
3117:MK
2671:NP
2636:NA
2587:IP
2580:ID
2531:FD
2524:FA
2468:CP
1231:c.
1216:c.
1193:c.
1186:c.
338:^
324:.
314:18
312:.
273:^
257:.
239:^
200:^
186:.
176:32
174:.
151:.
86:.
54:.
1573:)
1569:(
1229:(
1214:(
1198:)
1191:–
1184:(
1155:e
1148:t
1141:v
917:"
913:"
905:"
901:"
898:"
894:"
398:e
391:t
384:v
367:.
332:.
320::
297:.
267:.
233:.
194:.
182::
34:"
20:)
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