567:
580:
85:
535:
51:
596:
205:
553:
196:
566:
378:). These patients present with a reddish bulge behind an intact ear drum. This condition is also known as the "Red drum". On application of pressure to the external ear canal with the help of a pneumatic ear speculum the mass could be seen to blanch. This sign is known as "Brown's sign". A deficient bony plate along the
843:
Comino-MĂ©ndez I, Gracia-Aznárez FJ, Schiavi F, Landa I, Leandro-GarcĂa LJ, LetĂłn R, Honrado E, Ramos-Medina R, Caronia D, Pita G, GĂłmez-Graña A, de Cubas AA, Inglada-PĂ©rez L, Maliszewska A, Taschin E, Bobisse S, Pica G, Loli P, Hernández-Lavado R, DĂaz JA, GĂłmez-Morales M, González-Neira A, Roncador
758:
Bayley JP, Kunst HP, Cascon A, Sampietro ML, Gaal J, Korpershoek E, Hinojar-Gutierrez A, Timmers HJ, Hoefsloot LH, Hermsen MA, Suárez C, Hussain AK, Vriends AH, Hes FJ, Jansen JC, Tops CM, Corssmit EP, de Knijff P, Lenders JW, Cremers CW, Devilee P, Dinjens WN, de
Krijger RR, Robledo M (April 2010).
318:
About 85% of paragangliomas develop in the abdomen; only 12% develop in the chest and 3% in the head and neck region (the latter are the most likely to be symptomatic). While most are single, rare multiple cases occur (usually in a hereditary syndrome). Paragangliomas are described by their site of
158:
have been identified as causing familial head and neck paragangliomas. Mutations of SDHB play an important role in familial adrenal pheochromocytoma and extra-adrenal paraganglioma (of abdomen and thorax), although there is considerable overlap in the types of tumors associated with SDHB and SDHD
1255:
Sampath
Chandra Prasad; Carlo Terenzio Paties; Mattia Russel Pantalone; Renato Mariani-Costantini; Mario Sanna (July 2, 2019). "Carotid Body and Vagal Paragangliomas: Epidemiology, Genetics, Clinicopathological Features, Imaging, and Surgical Management". In Mariani-Costantini, R (ed.).
199:
Mediastinal paraganglioma. The cut surface of a 3.9 Ă— 3.5 Ă— 2.5 cm tumor is triangular, with a bulging peripheral portion and a somewhat fibrotic center. It was surrounded by the heart, left lower lobe of the lung, aorta, esophagus, and diaphragm, and had been 1.8 cm in diameter 7 years
887:
Buffet A, Morin A, Castro-Vega LJ, Habarou F, Lussey-Lepoutre C, Letouzé E, Lefebvre H, Guilhem I, Magalie H, Raingeard I, Padilla-Girola M, Tran T, Tchara L, Bertherat J, Amar L, Ottolenghi C, Burnichon N, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Favier J (February 2018).
929:
Kairi-Vassilatou E, Argeitis J, Nika H, Grapsa D, Smyrniotis V, Kondi-Pafiti A (2007). "Malignant paraganglioma of the urinary bladder in a 44-year-old female: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of a rare entity and literature review".
121:
Most paragangliomas are asymptomatic, present as a painless mass, or create symptoms such as hypertension, tachycardia, headache, and palpitations. While all contain neurosecretory granules, only in 1–3% of cases is secretion of hormones such as
1349:
1314:
714:
Elsamadicy, Emad A.; Yazdani, Shekoufeh; Karuppiah, Arunthevaraja; Marcano, Isabel; Turan, Ozhan; Kodali, Bhavani
Shankar; Jessel, Rebecca (2021). "Paraganglioma Presenting as Hypoxia and Syncope in Pregnancy: A Case Report".
572:
Ectopic functional paraganglioma (glomus jugulare) in a patient with VHL. T2 weighted MRI at the same location demonstrates a high signal mass consistent with a paraganglioma. Extra adrenal paragangliomas can be found in VHL
2316:
2216:
1934:
1875:
1191:
Pitiakoudis M, Koukourakis M, Tsaroucha A, Manavis J, Polychronidis A, Simopoulos C (December 2004). "Malignant retroperitoneal paraganglioma treated with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy".
138:
About 75% of paragangliomas are sporadic; the remaining 25% are hereditary (and have an increased likelihood of being multiple and of developing at an earlier age). Mutations of the genes for the
794:
Qin Y, Yao L, King EE, Buddavarapu K, Lenci RE, Chocron ES, Lechleiter JD, Sass M, Aronin N, Schiavi F, Boaretto F, Opocher G, Toledo RA, Toledo SP, Stiles C, Aguiar RC, Dahia PL (March 2010).
496:. In the categorization proposed by Wick, paragangliomas belong to group II. Given the fact that they originate from cells of the orthosympathetic system, paragangliomas are closely related to
579:
394:: A collection of paraganglia near the bifurcation of the aorta, comprising a small mass of neural crest-derived chromaffin cells. Serves as a common origin of abdominal paragangliomas.
227:
The paragangliomas appear grossly as sharply circumscribed polypoid masses and they have a firm to rubbery consistency. They are highly vascular tumors and may have a deep red color.
1380:
844:
G, RodrĂguez-Antona C, BenĂtez J, Mannelli M, Opocher G, Robledo M, CascĂłn A (June 2011). "Exome sequencing identifies MAX mutations as a cause of hereditary pheochromocytoma".
336:
tumor): Is the most common of the head and neck paragangliomas. It usually presents as a painless neck mass, but larger tumors may cause cranial nerve palsies, usually of the
1480:
105:
that may develop at various body sites (including the head, neck, thorax and abdomen). When the same type of tumor is found in the adrenal gland, they are referred to as a
595:
1847:
230:
On microscopic inspection, the tumor cells are readily recognized. Individual tumor cells are polygonal to oval and are arranged in distinctive cell balls, called
374:
may be compressed, resulting swallowing difficulty, or ipsilateral weakness of the upper trapezius and sternocleiodomastoid muscles (from compression of the
2179:
1583:
1156:
Carlsen CS, Godballe C, Krogdahl AS, Edal AL (December 2003). "Malignant vagal paraganglioma: report of a case treated with embolization and surgery".
151:
2300:
2224:
2148:
1473:
1814:
1097:
Chang, Chian A.; Pattison, David A.; Tothill, Richard W.; Kong, Grace; Akhurst, Tim J.; Hicks, Rodney J.; Hofman, Michael S. (2016-08-17).
534:
890:"Germline mutations in the mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier SLC25A11 gene confer a predisposition to metastatic paragangliomas"
1986:
1840:
1809:
1804:
1466:
379:
252:
326:(HNPGL): There are various types of head and neck paraganglioma; they may have specialized names depending on the precise location.
1267:
400:: These are the least common of the head and neck paragangliomas. They usually present as a painless neck mass, but may result in
2174:
1663:
1510:
291:
1833:
1981:
283:
109:. They are rare tumors, with an overall estimated incidence of 1 in 300,000. There is no test that determines benign from
2153:
2351:
2026:
1796:
160:
696:
1226:
552:
612:
458:
2238:
1653:
1630:
489:
2077:
2072:
1864:
1706:
1646:
1625:
1489:
1395:
462:
248:
1099:"68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Paraganglioma and Pheochromocytoma: utility, patterns and heterogeneity"
523:. Treatment depends on a variety of factors, including patient symptoms, as well as tumor size and location.
1856:
1616:
383:
271:
139:
558:
2328:
Note: Not all brain tumors are of nervous tissue, and not all nervous tissue tumors are in the brain (see
1996:
1991:
1925:
1701:
2293:
2252:
1976:
1758:
493:
99:
348:
50:
2257:
2067:
1748:
1578:
299:
259:
503:
Gallium-68 DOTATATE PET/CT imaging modality may be used to confirm the presence of a paraganglioma.
2100:
1753:
1641:
1353:
1257:
84:
204:
126:
abundant enough to be clinically significant; in that case manifestations often resemble those of
2264:
2206:
1561:
991:
869:
740:
237:
243:
By light microscopy, the differential diagnosis includes related neuroendocrine tumors, such as
2277:
2021:
1886:
1740:
1588:
1569:
1505:
1406:
1273:
1263:
1208:
1173:
1138:
1120:
1079:
1038:
939:
911:
861:
825:
776:
732:
678:
660:
341:
73:
2329:
2095:
1718:
1658:
1603:
1200:
1165:
1128:
1110:
1069:
1028:
975:
970:
958:
901:
853:
815:
807:
768:
724:
668:
650:
617:
497:
127:
110:
106:
195:
2169:
2013:
1781:
1713:
1671:
1537:
488:
Accordingly, paragangliomas are categorised as originating from a neural cell line in the
375:
371:
354:
244:
172:
2138:
2129:
2059:
1696:
1611:
1389:
1385:
1133:
1098:
820:
795:
673:
638:
474:
429:
367:
295:
123:
113:; long-term follow-up is therefore recommended for all individuals with paraganglioma.
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1169:
772:
2345:
2247:
2133:
2049:
1723:
1688:
1676:
873:
744:
466:
287:
279:
267:
1292:
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on
Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndromes
1033:
1016:
957:
Sciacovelli, Marco; Schmidt, Christina; Maher, Eamonn R.; Frezza, Christian (2020).
2284:
2272:
2001:
1944:
1768:
1634:
1573:
1446:
520:
516:
470:
454:
333:
263:
63:
906:
889:
220:
17:
1400:
759:"SDHAF2 mutations in familial and sporadic paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma".
728:
2143:
2105:
1971:
1939:
1891:
1825:
1786:
1593:
1519:
1074:
1057:
586:
478:
447:
337:
307:
303:
1411:
1204:
601:
Digital subtraction arteriogram of carotid body tumor and jugular paraganglioma
2288:
2201:
2044:
1546:
1533:
1528:
1515:
1458:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1291:
1115:
540:
290:
negative. The sustentacular cells are S-100 positive and focally positive for
232:
208:
180:
58:
1124:
664:
1963:
1911:
1776:
1524:
1441:
1417:
401:
386:(aberrant ICA) is a normal variant and can be mistaken with glomus jugulare.
275:
236:. These cell balls are separated by fibrovascular stroma and surrounded by
1277:
1212:
1177:
1142:
1083:
1042:
943:
915:
865:
829:
780:
736:
697:"Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version - NCI"
682:
655:
2193:
2036:
1497:
796:"Germline mutations in TMEM127 confer susceptibility to pheochromocytoma"
363:
184:
102:
78:
1015:
da Silva RA, Gross JL, Haddad FJ, Toledo CA, Younes RN (February 2006).
639:"Paragangliomas/Pheochromocytomas: Clinically Oriented Genetic Testing"
512:
425:
176:
1306:
2121:
1954:
1551:
1542:
1318:
992:"Aberrant internal carotid artery | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.org"
451:
421:
164:
1017:"Primary pulmonary paraganglioma: case report and literature review"
44:
Chemodectoma, paraganglioma, carotid body tumour, glomus cell tumour
857:
811:
1422:
482:
203:
194:
163:
type 2A and 2B. Other genes related to familial paraganglioma are
446:
Paragangliomas originate from paraganglia in chromaffin-negative
411:
155:
147:
143:
1829:
1462:
2317:
WHO classification of the tumors of the central nervous system
168:
262:, the chief cells located in the cell balls are positive for
362:: Both commonly present as a middle ear mass resulting in
589:
highlighting the sustentacular cells in a paraganglioma
404:, hoarseness, or coughing with compression of the mass.
1227:"Paragangliomas / Glomus Tumors of the Head and Neck"
1296:
2309:
2237:
2215:
2192:
2162:
2118:
2088:
2058:
2035:
2012:
1962:
1953:
1933:
1924:
1900:
1872:
1863:
1795:
1767:
1739:
1687:
1602:
1560:
1496:
1432:
1300:
72:
40:
35:
959:"Metabolic Drivers in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes"
469:located along blood vessels, particularly in the
432:, as well as the bladder in extremely rare cases.
159:gene mutations. Paragangliomas may also occur in
1841:
1474:
8:
1058:"Neuroendocrine neoplasia. Current concepts"
298:, the paraganglioma cells are argyrophilic,
2180:Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes
1259:Paraganglioma: A Multidisciplinary Approach
932:European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology
637:Martins, Rute; Bugalho, Maria JoĂŁo (2014).
1959:
1950:
1930:
1869:
1848:
1834:
1826:
1481:
1467:
1459:
1297:
319:origin and are often given special names:
83:
49:
32:
1132:
1114:
1073:
1032:
974:
905:
819:
672:
654:
500:, which however are chromaffin-positive.
366:(in 80%) and hearing loss (in 60%). The
2301:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
2225:Primary central nervous system lymphoma
2149:Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
976:10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033612
629:
530:
465:). These cells normally act as special
1062:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
643:International Journal of Endocrinology
414:and may be either single or multiple.
7:
420:: Rare sites of involvement are the
1987:Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
424:, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses,
511:The main treatment modalities are
253:medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
25:
130:(intra-medullary paraganglioma).
2175:Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
1579:ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
594:
578:
565:
551:
533:
1511:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
1034:10.1590/S1807-59322006000100015
963:Annual Review of Cancer Biology
292:glial fibrillary acidic protein
2269:Cranial and paraspinal nerves
1584:GH-secreting pituitary adenoma
1:
1982:Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
1857:Tumours of the nervous system
1170:10.1016/S0385-8146(03)00066-X
907:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-2463
773:10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70007-3
457:, functioning as part of the
284:Neural cell adhesion molecule
2027:Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
729:10.1213/XAA.0000000000001411
360:jugulotympanic paraganglioma
146:(previously known as PGL1),
1490:Tumours of endocrine glands
1075:10.1309/ETJ3-QBUK-13QD-J8FP
473:(at the bifurcation of the
324:Head and neck paraganglioma
2368:
1205:10.1016/j.clon.2004.08.002
990:Feky, Mostafa Mahmoud El.
613:Gangliocytic paraganglioma
459:sympathetic nervous system
27:Rare neuroendocrine tumour
2325:
1116:10.1186/s40644-016-0084-2
490:World Health Organization
68:(a type of paraganglioma)
57:
48:
2154:Lhermitte–Duclos disease
2078:Choroid plexus carcinoma
2073:Choroid plexus papilloma
1707:Adrenocortical carcinoma
463:autonomic nervous system
249:neuroendocrine carcinoma
215:with the characteristic
1664:Squamous-cell carcinoma
408:Pulmonary paraganglioma
384:internal carotid artery
272:neuron specific enolase
140:succinate dehydrogenase
1997:Anaplastic astrocytoma
1992:Fibrillary astrocytoma
1702:Adrenocortical adenoma
1262:. Codon Publications.
1056:Wick MR (March 2000).
376:spinal accessory nerve
224:
201:
154:(previously PGL3) and
2253:Esthesioneuroblastoma
1977:Pilocytic astrocytoma
559:Glomus jugulare tumor
494:neuroendocrine tumors
475:common carotid artery
410:: These occur in the
330:Carotid paraganglioma
207:
198:
2258:Ganglioneuroblastoma
2163:CNS embryonal tumors
2068:Choroid plexus tumor
1749:Parathyroid neoplasm
1158:Auris, Nasus, Larynx
761:The Lancet. Oncology
703:. December 23, 2011.
477:in the neck) and in
392:Organ of Zuckerkandl
300:periodic acid Schiff
260:immunohistochemistry
2352:Endocrine neoplasia
2101:Gliomatosis cerebri
1642:Parafollicular cell
656:10.1155/2014/794187
398:Vagal paraganglioma
238:sustentacular cells
2265:Nerve sheath tumor
2207:Hemangiopericytoma
1433:External resources
545:carotid body tumor
492:classification of
225:
213:carotid body tumor
202:
117:Signs and symptoms
18:Carotid body tumor
2339:
2338:
2278:Neurofibromatosis
2233:
2232:
2188:
2187:
2114:
2113:
2022:Oligodendroglioma
1920:
1919:
1887:Craniopharyngioma
1823:
1822:
1589:Craniopharyngioma
1570:Pituitary adenoma
1506:Pancreatic cancer
1456:
1455:
1231:Stanford Medicine
1193:Clinical Oncology
527:Additional images
498:pheochromocytomas
461:(a branch of the
450:derived from the
349:Glomus tympanicum
342:hypoglossal nerve
128:pheochromocytomas
92:
91:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2359:
2330:brain metastasis
2294:Acoustic neuroma
2096:Oligoastrocytoma
2089:Multiple/unknown
1960:
1951:
1931:
1905:
1880:
1870:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1827:
1719:Pheochromocytoma
1483:
1476:
1469:
1460:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1118:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
987:
981:
980:
978:
954:
948:
947:
926:
920:
919:
909:
900:(8): 1914–1922.
884:
878:
877:
840:
834:
833:
823:
791:
785:
784:
755:
749:
748:
717:A&A Practice
711:
705:
704:
693:
687:
686:
676:
658:
634:
618:Pheochromocytoma
598:
582:
569:
555:
537:
358:, also known as
111:malignant tumors
107:pheochromocytoma
88:
87:
53:
33:
21:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2321:
2305:
2229:
2211:
2184:
2170:Medulloblastoma
2158:
2120:
2110:
2084:
2054:
2031:
2014:Oligodendrocyte
2008:
1943:
1937:
1935:Neuroepithelial
1916:
1901:
1896:
1873:
1859:
1854:
1824:
1819:
1791:
1782:Pinealoblastoma
1763:
1735:
1683:
1672:Thyroid adenoma
1617:epithelial-cell
1598:
1556:
1538:Somatostatinoma
1492:
1487:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1428:
1427:
1309:
1282:
1280:
1270:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1000:
998:
996:radiopaedia.org
989:
988:
984:
956:
955:
951:
928:
927:
923:
894:Cancer Research
886:
885:
881:
846:Nature Genetics
842:
841:
837:
800:Nature Genetics
793:
792:
788:
757:
756:
752:
713:
712:
708:
695:
694:
690:
636:
635:
631:
626:
609:
602:
599:
590:
583:
574:
570:
561:
556:
547:
538:
529:
509:
444:
439:
428:gland, and the
382:portion of the
372:jugular foramen
355:Glomus jugulare
316:
314:Sites of origin
245:carcinoid tumor
193:
136:
119:
82:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2365:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2244:
2242:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:Retinoblastoma
2136:
2130:Ganglioneuroma
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2064:
2062:
2060:Choroid plexus
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1968:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1612:Thyroid cancer
1608:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1377:
1346:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:Classification
1295:
1294:
1289:
1268:
1250:
1249:External links
1247:
1244:
1243:
1218:
1183:
1148:
1103:Cancer Imaging
1089:
1048:
1007:
982:
949:
921:
879:
858:10.1038/ng.861
835:
812:10.1038/ng.533
786:
750:
706:
701:www.cancer.gov
688:
628:
627:
625:
622:
621:
620:
615:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
593:
591:
584:
577:
575:
571:
564:
562:
557:
550:
548:
539:
532:
528:
525:
508:
505:
471:carotid bodies
467:chemoreceptors
443:
442:Classification
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
430:thoracic inlet
415:
405:
395:
389:
388:
387:
368:cranial nerves
345:
315:
312:
306:negative, and
296:histochemistry
192:
189:
135:
132:
124:catecholamines
118:
115:
100:neuroendocrine
90:
89:
76:
70:
69:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2364:
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2324:
2318:
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2308:
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2299:
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2290:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2248:Neuroblastoma
2246:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2217:Hematopoietic
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Ganglioglioma
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2050:Subependymoma
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:spinal tumors
1941:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1731:Paraganglioma
1729:
1725:
1724:Neuroblastoma
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1689:Adrenal tumor
1686:
1678:
1677:Struma ovarii
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:(malignant):
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:9780994438171
1265:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1008:
997:
993:
986:
983:
977:
972:
968:
964:
960:
953:
950:
945:
941:
938:(2): 149–51.
937:
933:
925:
922:
917:
913:
908:
903:
899:
895:
891:
883:
880:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
839:
836:
831:
827:
822:
817:
813:
809:
806:(3): 229–33.
805:
801:
797:
790:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
767:(4): 366–72.
766:
762:
754:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
723:(3): e01411.
722:
718:
710:
707:
702:
698:
692:
689:
684:
680:
675:
670:
666:
662:
657:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
630:
623:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
597:
592:
588:
581:
576:
568:
563:
560:
554:
549:
546:
542:
536:
531:
526:
524:
522:
518:
514:
506:
504:
501:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
479:aortic bodies
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:
449:
441:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:
413:
409:
406:
403:
399:
396:
393:
390:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
350:
346:
343:
339:
335:
331:
328:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:S-100 protein
285:
281:
280:neurofilament
277:
273:
269:
268:synaptophysin
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
234:
228:
222:
221:H&E stain
218:
214:
210:
206:
197:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
133:
131:
129:
125:
116:
114:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
96:paraganglioma
86:
80:
77:
75:
71:
67:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
36:Paraganglioma
34:
19:
2327:
2285:Neurilemmoma
2273:Neurofibroma
2002:Glioblastoma
1940:brain tumors
1902:
1874:
1769:Pineal gland
1730:
1635:Hurthle cell
1620:
1615:
1574:Prolactinoma
1440:
1416:
1405:
1394:
1379:
1348:
1313:
1281:. Retrieved
1258:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
1199:(8): 580–1.
1196:
1192:
1186:
1164:(4): 443–6.
1161:
1157:
1151:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1068:(3): 331–5.
1065:
1061:
1051:
1024:
1020:
1010:
999:. Retrieved
995:
985:
966:
962:
952:
935:
931:
924:
897:
893:
882:
852:(7): 663–7.
849:
845:
838:
803:
799:
789:
764:
760:
753:
720:
716:
709:
700:
691:
646:
642:
632:
544:
521:radiotherapy
517:embolization
510:
502:
487:
455:neural crest
448:glomus cells
445:
417:
407:
397:
391:
359:
353:
347:
334:carotid body
329:
323:
317:
264:chromogranin
257:
242:
231:
229:
226:
216:
212:
137:
120:
95:
93:
64:carotid body
62:
2144:Neurocytoma
2106:Gliosarcoma
1972:Astrocytoma
1892:Pituicytoma
1787:Pineocytoma
1741:Parathyroid
1594:Pituicytoma
1520:Glucagonoma
1027:(1): 83–6.
587:immunostain
483:aortic arch
418:Other sites
338:vagus nerve
308:argentaffin
304:mucicarmine
286:; they are
41:Other names
2289:Schwannoma
2202:Meningioma
2045:Ependymoma
1654:Anaplastic
1631:Follicular
1547:Gastrinoma
1529:Insulinoma
1407:DiseasesDB
1001:2017-05-02
649:: 794187.
624:References
541:Micrograph
481:(near the
310:negative.
302:negative,
233:Zellballen
217:Zellballen
209:Micrograph
98:is a rare
59:Micrograph
1964:Astrocyte
1912:Pinealoma
1865:Endocrine
1777:Pinealoma
1759:Carcinoma
1647:Medullary
1626:Papillary
1621:carcinoma
1562:Pituitary
1442:eMedicine
1423:302833002
1418:SNOMED CT
1125:1740-5025
1109:(1): 22.
969:: 77–97.
874:205357831
745:232159725
665:1687-8337
507:Treatment
452:embryonic
437:Diagnosis
402:dysphagia
276:serotonin
191:Pathology
74:Specialty
2346:Category
2194:Meninges
2037:Ependyma
1659:Lymphoma
1498:Pancreas
1447:med/2994
1283:16 March
1278:31294944
1236:16 March
1213:15630855
1178:14656575
1143:27535829
1084:10705811
1043:16532231
944:17479683
916:29431636
866:21685915
830:20154675
781:20071235
737:33684077
683:24899893
607:See also
573:(arrow).
380:tympanic
364:tinnitus
185:SLC25A11
134:Genetics
103:neoplasm
79:Oncology
1754:Adenoma
1714:Medulla
1668:Benign
1604:Thyroid
1401:D010235
1390:M8693/9
1386:M8680/0
1134:4989291
1021:Clinics
821:2998199
674:4037125
513:surgery
426:thyroid
370:of the
200:before.
177:TMEM127
2122:neuron
2119:Mature
1955:Glioma
1903:Other:
1876:Sellar
1697:Cortex
1552:VIPoma
1276:
1266:
1211:
1176:
1141:
1131:
1123:
1082:
1041:
942:
914:
872:
864:
828:
818:
779:
743:
735:
681:
671:
663:
422:larynx
251:, and
165:SDHAF2
81:
2310:Other
1412:33480
1381:ICD-O
1375:237.3
1371:227.6
1367:227.5
1363:194.6
1359:194.5
1344:D44.7
1340:D44.6
1336:D35.6
1332:D35.5
1328:C75.5
1324:C75.4
870:S2CID
741:S2CID
585:S100
543:of a
294:. By
258:With
211:of a
66:tumor
61:of a
1396:MeSH
1354:9-CM
1285:2023
1274:PMID
1264:ISBN
1238:2023
1209:PMID
1174:PMID
1139:PMID
1121:ISSN
1080:PMID
1039:PMID
940:PMID
912:PMID
862:PMID
826:PMID
777:PMID
733:PMID
679:PMID
661:ISSN
647:2014
519:and
412:lung
352:and
340:and
282:and
183:and
156:SDHB
152:SDHC
148:SDHA
144:SDHD
2239:PNS
1926:CNS
1797:MEN
1350:ICD
1315:ICD
1201:doi
1166:doi
1129:PMC
1111:doi
1070:doi
1066:113
1029:doi
971:doi
902:doi
854:doi
816:PMC
808:doi
769:doi
725:doi
669:PMC
651:doi
485:).
181:MAX
173:NF1
169:VHL
161:MEN
2348::
2332:).
2132::
1815:2B
1810:2A
1572::
1545::
1536::
1527::
1518::
1445::
1421::
1410::
1399::
1388:-
1384::
1373:,
1369:,
1365:,
1361:,
1357::
1342:,
1338:,
1334:,
1330:,
1326:,
1322::
1319:10
1272:.
1229:.
1207:.
1197:16
1195:.
1172:.
1162:30
1160:.
1137:.
1127:.
1119:.
1107:16
1105:.
1101:.
1078:.
1064:.
1060:.
1037:.
1025:61
1023:.
1019:.
994:.
965:.
961:.
936:28
934:.
910:.
898:78
896:.
892:.
868:.
860:.
850:43
848:.
824:.
814:.
804:42
802:.
798:.
775:.
765:11
763:.
739:.
731:.
721:15
719:.
699:.
677:.
667:.
659:.
645:.
641:.
515:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
266:,
255:.
247:,
240:.
219:.
187:.
179:,
175:,
171:,
167:,
150:,
142:,
94:A
2287:/
2241::
1947:)
1942:,
1938:(
1878::
1849:e
1842:t
1835:v
1805:1
1633:/
1543:G
1534:δ
1525:β
1516:α
1482:e
1475:t
1468:v
1352:-
1317:-
1307:D
1287:.
1240:.
1215:.
1203::
1180:.
1168::
1145:.
1113::
1086:.
1072::
1045:.
1031::
1004:.
979:.
973::
967:4
946:.
918:.
904::
876:.
856::
832:.
810::
783:.
771::
747:.
727::
685:.
653::
344:.
332:(
223:.
20:)
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