101:
115:
812:
349:. However, what is present in the fossil is well preserved. Carolowilhelmina was large, as the skull alone could have reached over half a meter in length. The skull also possesses a long snout of an uncertain length, since most of it had eroded away before its discovery. The snout has several thorn-like spines running down it laterally. The skull possesses no teeth, but instead has a unique spongy knob-like structure in the mouth. As with
1297:
320:
remains, as they had been washed clean by a creek below the section. The origin of the fragments, however, could not be identified, as a portion of the slope had slid down and covered it. This did prompt a search for fish remains elsewhere, resulting in the discovery of
430:. The abundance of invertebrates in the region can infer the presence of floating algae, which may have also contributed to the abundance of organic matter preserved in the anoxic sediment. Other fish like
380:. However, the number of unique features seen in the skull, such as the spines, lack of teeth, and unique sensory line placement makes the familial placement of this
1325:
530:
331:
1330:
312:
were accidentally uncovered by paleontologist Peter Carls in April 1971, after breaking a limestone nodule in an attempt to obtain a
1350:
327:. by 1986, the creek had eroded at the sediment, revealing part of the fossil's rostrum. The fossil was collected in 1993.
1320:
1355:
469:
environment where it was untouched by boring or encrusting organisms. It is inferred to have preyed on the abundance of
811:
1335:
296:
that is about 43 cm (17 in) long. The fossil material is housed in the
Natural Sciences museum of the
1340:
523:
1345:
608:
297:
694:
222:
867:
1250:
922:
894:
901:
885:
851:
833:
1300:
1278:
1180:
936:
929:
516:
1055:
359:
possessed a long tubular rostral plate, with small postnasal plates and low inferognathal plates.
1264:
1157:
999:
780:
713:
683:
489:
127:
1041:
943:
734:
727:
706:
100:
1135:
769:
114:
915:
874:
762:
720:
401:
393:
316:
sample. The following day, fellow paleontologist Otto H. Walliser identified the fragments as
1206:
741:
1243:
971:
840:
371:
261:
820:
796:
789:
667:
415:
367:
187:
1314:
1213:
1069:
1013:
1006:
958:
593:
577:
58:
1027:
985:
978:
860:
470:
463:
451:
408:
405:
277:
508:
1271:
1227:
1107:
1100:
1048:
1034:
33:
1169:
1114:
1076:
1020:
992:
571:
455:
427:
423:
351:
282:
254:
174:
162:
78:
43:
1146:
1091:
1062:
755:
697:
670:
646:
620:
540:
288:
257:
83:
330:
The genus is named after Carl and
Wilhelm of Braunschweig, founders of the
1257:
1128:
1121:
908:
748:
565:
466:
438:
432:
419:
376:
323:
313:
150:
138:
73:
68:
53:
48:
38:
1220:
293:
251:
88:
63:
559:
300:, Spain (Museo de ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Zaragoza).
265:
477:
459:
411:
381:
346:
269:
485:
473:
317:
552:
512:
505:. Revista Española de Paleontología, Madrid, pp. 117–135.
481:
503:
A Long-snouted Late
Eifelian Arthrodire from Aragón (Spain)
334:, and was named on the university's 250th anniversary.
1198:
1191:
1168:
1145:
1090:
957:
884:
850:
819:
779:
693:
666:
619:
592:
400:inhabited an environment with a rapidly deepening
292:. It is currently known only from an incomplete
260:fish that lived in the Late Eifelian epoch (of
524:
8:
1195:
963:
825:
675:
663:
598:
589:
549:
531:
517:
509:
280:, superficially similar to the Australian
113:
99:
17:
345:is only known from a single, incomplete
7:
501:Mark-Kurik, E & Carls, P. 2002.
332:Technical University of Braunschweig
488:. It possibly immigrated from the
480:near the surface, using its large
444:were present in this environment.
14:
1296:
1295:
810:
308:Initial fragments belonging to
1:
1326:Fossil taxa described in 2002
247:Carolowilhelmina geognostica
238:Mark-Kurik & Carls, 2002
232:Carolowilhelmina geognostica
1372:
1331:Enigmatic arthrodire taxa
1292:
966:
828:
808:
678:
662:
643:
601:
588:
548:
458:environment, and when it
228:
221:
128:Scientific classification
126:
121:
112:
107:
98:
20:
122:Artist's reconstruction
1351:Devonian fish of Europe
392:Living just before the
1199:"maxillate placoderms"
298:University of Zaragoza
26:Temporal range: Late
1321:Placoderms of Europe
886:Macropetalichthyidae
852:Quasipetalichthyidae
834:Diandongpetalichthys
324:Grossius aragonensis
1356:Devonian placoderms
442:Tortodus kocklianus
276:was a long-snouted
215:C. geognostica
1265:Pseudopetalichthys
781:Weejasperaspididae
695:Palaeacanthaspidae
490:Paleo-Tethys Ocean
1336:Arthrodire genera
1308:
1307:
1288:
1287:
1238:
1237:
1086:
1085:
953:
952:
916:Macropetalichthys
875:Quasipetalichthys
868:Pauropetalichthys
806:
805:
658:
657:
654:
653:
639:
638:
462:had sunk into an
450:thus inhabited a
286:and the European
243:
242:
1363:
1299:
1298:
1251:Holopetalichthys
1207:Bianchengichthys
1196:
964:
923:Notopetalichthys
895:Ellopetalichthys
826:
814:
742:Palaeacanthaspis
676:
664:
599:
590:
583:
582:
550:
533:
526:
519:
510:
448:Carolowilhelmina
398:Carolowilhelmina
366:seems closer to
364:Carolowilhelmina
357:Carolowilhelmina
343:Carolowilhelmina
310:Carolowilhelmina
234:
202:Carolowilhelmina
117:
108:Fossil material
103:
93:
30:
22:Carolowilhelmina
18:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1341:Devonian Europe
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1284:
1244:Brindabellaspis
1234:
1187:
1164:
1141:
1082:
972:Austroptyctodus
949:
902:Epipetalichthys
880:
846:
841:Neopetalichthys
815:
802:
775:
689:
650:
635:
615:
584:
555:
554:
544:
537:
498:
414:represented by
390:
362:Taxonomically,
340:
306:
262:Middle Devonian
239:
236:
230:
217:
205:
191:
177:
165:
153:
141:
94:
92:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
28:
27:
24:
12:
11:
5:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1200:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
967:
961:
955:
954:
951:
950:
948:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
890:
888:
882:
881:
879:
878:
871:
864:
856:
854:
848:
847:
845:
844:
837:
829:
823:
821:Petalichthyida
817:
816:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
800:
797:Weejasperaspis
793:
790:Murrindalaspis
785:
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
702:
700:
691:
690:
688:
687:
679:
673:
668:Acanthothoraci
660:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
644:
641:
640:
637:
636:
634:
633:
632:
631:
625:
623:
617:
616:
614:
613:
612:
611:
602:
596:
586:
585:
581:
580:
574:
568:
562:
553:
546:
545:
538:
536:
535:
528:
521:
513:
507:
506:
497:
494:
416:dacryoconarids
404:sea alongside
389:
386:
339:
336:
305:
302:
274:C. geognostica
241:
240:
237:
226:
225:
219:
218:
213:
211:
207:
206:
199:
197:
193:
192:
188:incertae sedis
185:
183:
179:
178:
173:
171:
167:
166:
161:
159:
155:
154:
149:
147:
143:
142:
137:
135:
131:
130:
124:
123:
119:
118:
110:
109:
105:
104:
96:
95:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
32:
31:
25:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1368:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:Eifelian life
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1302:
1294:
1291:
1281:
1280:
1279:Xiushanosteus
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1214:Entelognathus
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1070:Rhamphodopsis
1067:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1014:Eczematolepis
1011:
1009:
1008:
1007:Destnoporella
1004:
1002:
1001:
997:
995:
994:
990:
988:
987:
983:
981:
980:
976:
974:
973:
969:
968:
965:
962:
960:
959:Ptyctodontida
956:
946:
945:
941:
939:
938:
937:Tongdzuylepis
934:
932:
931:
930:Shearsbyaspis
927:
925:
924:
920:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
906:
904:
903:
899:
897:
896:
892:
891:
889:
887:
883:
877:
876:
872:
870:
869:
865:
863:
862:
858:
857:
855:
853:
849:
843:
842:
838:
836:
835:
831:
830:
827:
824:
822:
818:
813:
799:
798:
794:
792:
791:
787:
786:
784:
782:
778:
772:
771:
767:
765:
764:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
750:
746:
744:
743:
739:
737:
736:
732:
730:
729:
725:
723:
722:
718:
716:
715:
711:
709:
708:
704:
703:
701:
699:
696:
692:
686:
685:
681:
680:
677:
674:
672:
669:
665:
661:
649:
648:
642:
629:
628:
627:
626:
624:
622:
618:
610:
609:Gnathostomata
606:
605:
604:
603:
600:
597:
595:
594:Gnathostomata
591:
587:
579:
578:Gnathostomata
576:Infraphylum:
575:
573:
569:
567:
563:
561:
557:
556:
551:
547:
542:
534:
529:
527:
522:
520:
515:
514:
511:
504:
500:
499:
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
443:
440:
436:
434:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
387:
385:
383:
379:
378:
373:
372:brachyderoids
369:
368:camuropiscids
365:
360:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
337:
335:
333:
328:
326:
325:
319:
315:
311:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
290:
285:
284:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
253:
249:
248:
235:
233:
227:
224:
223:Binomial name
220:
216:
212:
209:
208:
204:
203:
198:
195:
194:
190:
189:
184:
181:
180:
176:
172:
169:
168:
164:
160:
157:
156:
152:
148:
145:
144:
140:
136:
133:
132:
129:
125:
120:
116:
111:
106:
102:
97:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
23:
19:
16:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1056:Ptyctodopsis
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1028:Kimbryanodus
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
986:Chelyophorus
984:
979:Campbellodus
977:
970:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
873:
866:
861:Eurycaraspis
859:
839:
832:
795:
788:
768:
761:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
682:
645:
502:
478:algal floats
476:beneath the
471:invertebrate
447:
446:
441:
431:
409:invertebrate
397:
391:
388:Paleoecology
375:
363:
361:
356:
350:
342:
341:
329:
322:
309:
307:
287:
281:
278:pelagic fish
273:
246:
245:
244:
231:
229:
214:
201:
200:
186:
21:
15:
1272:Stensioella
1228:Silurolepis
1108:Bolivosteus
1101:Asterosteus
1049:Palaeomylus
1035:Materpiscis
1000:Denisonodus
714:Dobrowlania
684:Hagiangella
570:Subphylum:
424:brachiopods
402:Celtiberian
394:Kačák Event
338:Description
272:. In life,
1315:Categories
1181:Arthrodira
1170:Arthrodira
1115:Gemuendina
1077:Rhynchodus
1042:Meeksiella
1021:Goniosteus
993:Ctenurella
944:Wijdeaspis
735:Kosoraspis
728:Kolymaspis
707:Arabosteus
647:Placodermi
630:see below↓
621:Placodermi
572:Vertebrata
541:Placodermi
456:open ocean
352:Rolfosteus
283:Rolfosteus
255:arthrodire
175:Arthrodira
163:Placodermi
1158:Antiarchi
1147:Antiarchi
1136:Ohioaspis
1092:Rhenanida
1063:Ptyctodus
770:Tlamaspis
756:Romundina
558:Kingdom:
428:ammonoids
384:unclear.
304:Discovery
289:Oxyosteus
258:placoderm
210:Species:
134:Kingdom:
1301:Category
1258:Minjinia
1129:Nefudina
1122:Jagorina
909:Lunaspis
763:Sudaspis
749:Radotina
721:Kimaspis
566:Chordata
564:Phylum:
560:Animalia
484:to spot
467:deep sea
439:conodont
437:and the
433:Grossius
422:, small
420:bivalves
377:Maideria
370:than to
314:Conodont
182:Family:
151:Chordata
146:Phylum:
139:Animalia
29:Eifelian
1221:Qilinyu
496:Sources
452:pelagic
406:pelagic
294:cranium
252:extinct
196:Genus:
170:Order:
158:Class:
1192:Others
464:anoxic
426:, and
266:Aragon
250:is an
412:fauna
382:genus
347:skull
270:Spain
264:) of
1179:see
1156:see
607:see
486:prey
482:eyes
474:life
460:died
374:and
318:fish
34:PreꞒ
1317::
492:.
454:,
418:,
396:,
355:,
268:,
84:Pg
1231:?
698:*
671:*
543:"
539:"
532:e
525:t
518:v
435:,
89:N
79:K
74:J
69:T
64:P
59:C
54:D
49:S
44:O
39:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
