179:
31:
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39:
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403:(namely limiting the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels). However, others claim that relying on this technology is risky and might postpone emission reduction under the notion that it will be possible to fix the problem later, and suggest that reducing emissions may be a better solution.
935:
solution for direct air capture marks a significant innovation. This technology, still under refinement, stands out for its minimal energy requirements and its novel chemical process that enables efficient CO2 capture and release. This method's potential for scalability and its environmental benefits
386:
rely on semi-permeable membranes. This method requires little water and has a smaller footprint. Typically polymeric membranes, either glassy or rubbery, are used for direct air capture. Glassy membranes typically exhibit high selectivity with respect to Carbon
Dioxide; however, they also have low
169:
In contrast to carbon capture and storage (CCS) which captures emissions from a point source such as a factory, DAC reduces the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere as a whole. Thus, DAC can be used to capture emissions that originated in non-stationary sources such as airplanes.
704:
On May 8, 2024, Climeworks activated the world's largest DAC planet named
Mammoth in Iceland. It will be able to pull 36,000 tons of carbon from the atmosphere a year at full capacity, according to Climeworks, equivalent to taking around 7,800 gas-powered cars off the road for a year.
165:
DAC was suggested in 1999 and is still in development. Several commercial plants are planned or in operation in Europe and the US. Large-scale DAC deployment may be accelerated when connected with economical applications or policy incentives.
352:
when dry, and releases it when exposed to moisture. A large part of the energy for the process is supplied by the latent heat of phase change of water. The technology requires further research to determine its cost-effectiveness.
533:
from the CCS network, and leakage from geological formations. Because DAC can be deployed far from the source of pollution, synthetic fuel produced with this method can use already existing fuel transport infrastructure.
190:
Most commercial techniques require large fans to push ambient air through a filter. More recently, Ireland-based company Carbon
Collect Limited has developed the MechanicalTree™ which simply stands in the wind to capture
2411:
528:
DAC is not an alternative to traditional, point-source carbon capture and storage (CCS), rather it is a complementary technology that could be utilized to manage carbon emissions from distributed sources,
667:
1346:
521:
products (concentration > 99%), while other applications such as agriculture can function with more dilute products (~ 5%). Since the air that is processed through DAC originally contains 0.04% CO
3919:
2473:
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1310:
2581:
3763:
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1494:
3936:
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2403:
178:
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align it with ongoing efforts by other companies listed in this section, contributing to the global pursuit of effective and sustainable carbon capture solutions.
2008:
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1844:
1335:
3109:
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Freitas RA Jr. Diamond Trees (Tropostats): A Molecular
Manufacturing Based System for Compositional Atmospheric Homeostasis. IMM Report No. 43, 10 Feb 2010;
2993:
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permeabilities. Membrane capture of carbon dioxide is still in development and needs further research before it can be implemented on a larger scale.
4136:
3252:
2832:
2171:
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3183:
2901:
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3823:
3612:
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767:. According to Soletair Power, its technology is the first to combine Direct Air Capture with buildings' HVAC systems. The technology captures CO
3472:
3435:
3289:
3274:
3188:
2837:
2781:
2573:
1455:
1150:
150:). DACCS can act as a carbon dioxide removal mechanism (or a carbon negative technology), although as of 2023 it has yet to be integrated into
1151:"The value of hydrogen and carbon capture, storage and utilisation in decarbonising energy: Insights from integrated value chain optimisation"
460:
to the atmosphere than it would capture. Moreover, using DAC for enhanced oil recovery would cancel any supposed climate mitigation benefits.
4131:
3269:
2097:
1006:
2519:
1901:
Castro-Muñoz, Roberto; Zamidi Ahmad, Mohd; Malankowska, Magdalena; Coronas, Joaquín (October 2022). "A new relevant membrane application: CO
4153:
3104:
3099:
890:
577:. As of 2018, it runs a pilot plant in British Columbia, Canada, that has been in use since 2015 and is able to extract about a tonne of CO
337:
3634:
3412:
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3157:
3147:
3130:
3037:
2844:
2612:
2044:
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261:
Among the specific chemical processes that are being explored, three stand out: causticization with alkali and alkali-earth hydroxides,
989:
European
Commission. Directorate General for Research and Innovation; European Commission's Group of Chief Scientific Advisors (2018).
30:
4063:
3924:
3881:
3377:
1202:
3990:
3866:
3683:
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2434:
1763:
1407:
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2346:
2315:
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a day. An economic study of its pilot plant conducted from 2015 to 2018 estimated the cost at $ 94–232 per tonne of atmospheric CO
406:
DAC relying on amine-based absorption demands significant water input. It was estimated, that to capture 3.3 gigatonnes of CO
4223:
3861:
3841:
3788:
3740:
2797:
2636:"Scientists make breakthrough in pollution removal with liquid that bubbles like cola: 'Our process … requires much less energy'"
1794:
1647:
2542:
4245:
3980:
3931:
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sources, since the process can be quite power intensive. Future innovations may reduce the energy intensity of this process.
113:
414:. On the other hand, using sodium hydroxide needs far less water, but the substance itself is highly caustic and dangerous.
4158:
3693:
3225:
199:
significantly reduces the energy cost of Direct Air
Capture, and that its geometry lends itself to scaling for gigaton CO
4255:
4141:
3813:
3342:
3337:
3242:
3114:
2671:
1220:
683:
433:, while capture from natural gas and coal power plants requires, respectively, about 100 and 65 kWh per tonne of CO
525:(or 400 ppm), creating a pure product requires more energy than a dilute product and is thus typically more expensive.
368:
4265:
3352:
3200:
3162:
183:
135:
stream that can undergo dehydration and compression, while simultaneously regenerating the chemical media for reuse.
34:
Flow diagram of direct air capture process using sodium hydroxide as the absorbent and including solvent regeneration
2635:
1832:
4211:
3975:
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3735:
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697:
forming carbonate minerals. The DAC plant uses low-grade waste heat from the plant, effectively eliminating more CO
445:
85:
873:
annually, which is then mixed into concrete using technologies from CarbonCure. Heirloom also has a contract with
4080:
3755:
3730:
3703:
3665:
3582:
3400:
3247:
3205:
2955:
2724:
2719:
2714:
945:
771:
from the air running through a building's existing ventilation units inside buildings for removing atmospheric CO
396:
588:
Partnering with
California energy company Greyrock, Carbon Engineering converts a portion of its concentrated CO
4090:
4085:
4016:
3856:
3362:
3327:
3215:
3142:
2983:
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2748:
2709:
894:
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product formed from the captured gas. Forms of carbon sequestration such as geological storage require pure CO
116:. Carbon dioxide removal is achieved when ambient air makes contact with chemical media, typically an aqueous
1025:
Erans, María; Sanz-Pérez, Eloy S.; Hanak, Dawid P.; Clulow, Zeynep; Reiner, David M.; Mutch, Greg A. (2022).
4260:
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4031:
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1241:
Sanz-Pérez, Eloy S.; Murdock, Christopher R.; Didas, Stephanie A.; Jones, Christopher W. (12 October 2016).
362:
278:
158:
on those markets. For the end-to-end process to remain net carbon negative, DAC machines must be powered by
151:
2605:"Carbon-Removal Tech Grabs Elon Musk's Check Millions poured into XPrize effort to pull CO2 out of the sky"
2381:
3798:
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814:
417:
DAC also requires much greater energy input in comparison to traditional capture from point sources, like
219:
93:
74:
912:– a research institute that advocates for the use nuclear energy to power direct air capture technologies
783:. In 2020, Wärtsilä, together with Soletair Power and Q Power, created their first demonstration unit of
4187:
3833:
3710:
3518:
2973:
2896:
2347:"The 'world's largest' vacuum to suck climate pollution out of the air just opened. Here's how it works"
2197:
825:
from the air and turn it into zero-net-carbon gasoline and jet fuel. The company uses a DAC technology,
736:
472:
438:
1867:
4026:
3904:
3595:
3565:
3135:
3062:
2240:
1968:
1737:
1165:
909:
491:
109:
62:
1440:
4043:
3818:
3047:
3042:
1728:
Lackner, Klaus S. (1 February 2013). "The thermodynamics of direct air capture of carbon dioxide".
718:
608:
600:
479:
215:
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is mineralized to concrete, stored or utilized to create synthetic products like food, textile or
747:
which intends to start a DAC‑to‑fuel business using Global
Thermostat's technology.
666:, a project launched in 2007. In 2017, the CarbFix2 project was started and received funding from
3871:
3803:
3720:
3535:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3052:
2515:
2266:
2152:
2111:
1932:
1593:
1551:
1516:
Sanz-Pérez, Eloy S.; Murdock, Christopher R.; Didas, Stephanie A.; Jones, Christopher W. (2016).
1181:
1058:
564:
345:
2543:"This startup has unlocked a novel way to capture carbon—by turning the fouling gas into rocks"
4105:
3768:
3513:
3279:
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2771:
2258:
2103:
2093:
1612:
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1413:
1403:
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1002:
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and air. As of 2023 it is estimated that the total system cost is over $ 1,000 per tonne of CO
530:
2604:
4148:
3715:
3698:
3639:
3530:
3294:
3013:
2886:
2822:
2248:
2142:
2085:
1976:
1922:
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1254:
1173:
1129:
1096:
1048:
1038:
994:
903:
842:
808:
679:
659:
569:
Carbon
Engineering is a commercial DAC company founded in 2009 and backed, among others, by
485:
449:
243:
235:
227:
159:
4100:
4021:
3985:
3914:
3888:
3876:
3793:
3725:
3600:
3457:
3074:
3025:
3003:
780:
400:
17:
1771:
1580:
Service, Robert (7 June 2018). "Cost plunges for capturing carbon dioxide from the air".
725:
from the atmosphere. The company has projects ranging from 40 to 50,000 tonnes per year.
2516:"Carbon capture technology has been around for decades — here's why it hasn't taken off"
2244:
1972:
1741:
1682:
1169:
1118:"The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions"
1027:"Direct air capture: process technology, techno-economic and socio-political challenges"
833:
from the air directly into process electrolytes, where it is converted into alcohols by
4053:
3909:
3851:
3846:
3688:
3577:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3152:
3089:
2827:
2807:
2766:
2687:
2284:
841:, and upgraded to gasoline and jet fuels. Since the process uses only electricity from
764:
593:
54:
629:
Climeworks's first industrial-scale DAC plant, which started operation in May 2017 in
296:
4239:
4126:
4058:
3783:
3605:
3590:
3525:
3420:
2156:
2115:
1936:
1597:
1185:
1062:
333:
251:
2270:
1555:
4011:
3808:
3452:
3442:
3094:
2978:
2891:
1177:
1079:
Keith, David W.; Holmes, Geoffrey; St. Angelo, David; Heide, Kenton (7 June 2018).
818:
756:
638:
155:
2147:
2130:
721:. Global Thermostat uses amine-based sorbents bound to carbon sponges to remove CO
154:
because, at over US$ 1000, the cost per tonne of carbon dioxide is many times the
38:
1981:
1956:
1749:
1397:
265:, and organic−inorganic hybrid sorbents consisting of amines supported in porous
4038:
3555:
3547:
2802:
1538:
1517:
1259:
1242:
1101:
1080:
453:
262:
42:
An example of what Direct Air
Capture could look like and how the process works.
2404:"Expo 2020 Dubai: The key to clean air inside Finland Pavilion? Carbon dioxide"
2253:
2228:
281:—analogous to live plants—to create environmentally significant reduction in CO
242:
stream. Sodium hydroxide can be recycled from sodium carbonate in a process of
4070:
3447:
3079:
1918:
1632:
960:
928:
826:
784:
760:
744:
655:
624:
570:
507:
411:
266:
1417:
1396:
Smit, Berend; Reimer, Jeffrey A.; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Bourg, Ian C (2014).
1134:
1117:
637:
per year. To lower its energy requirements, the plant uses heat from a local
3020:
2574:"Last Energy raises $ 3 million to fight climate change with nuclear energy"
1589:
1445:
with Chemicals: A Technology Assessment for the APS Panel on Public Affairs"
1364:"Carbon Collect's MechanicalTree selected for US Department of Energy award"
955:
932:
874:
866:
834:
788:
714:
101:
2262:
2107:
1547:
1268:
542:
One of the largest hurdles to implementing DAC is the cost of separating CO
1116:
Beuttler, Christoph; Charles, Louise; Wurzbacher, Jan (21 November 2019).
448:
system, it can produce a negative emissions plant, but it would require a
418:
379:
117:
2497:"In a U.S. First, a Commercial Plant Starts Pulling Carbon From the Air"
2435:"This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline"
2316:"Test of Carbon Capture Technology Underway at Iceland Geothermal Plant"
1927:
1712:
648:
The company stated that it costs around $ 600 to capture one tonne of CO
2998:
1053:
1043:
1026:
899:
792:
694:
663:
437:. Because of this implied demand for energy, some have proposed using "
410:
a year would require 300 km of water, or 4% of the water used for
399:. Researchers posit that DAC could help contribute to the goals of the
207:
124:
120:
4006:
691:
630:
550:
Large-scale DAC deployment can be accelerated by policy incentives.
97:
2229:"Sucking carbon dioxide from air is cheaper than scientists thought"
1613:"Feasibility of Na-based thermochemical cycles for the capture of CO
1611:
Nikulshina, V.; Ayesa, N.; Gálvez, M.E.; Steinfeld, A. (July 2008).
865:, California, in November 2023. The facility can remove up to 1,000
678:
research program. The CarbFix2 pilot plant project runs alongside a
633:, in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, can capture 900 tonnes of CO
2089:
1020:
1018:
104:
plant. After the capture, DAC generates a concentrated stream of CO
3008:
998:
763:. The startup is primarily backed by the Finnish technology group
211:
177:
131:
through the application of energy (namely heat), resulting in a CO
2656:
2045:"The Promise of Direct Air Capture: Making Stuff Out of Thin Air"
713:
Global Thermostat is private company founded in 2010, located in
84:) is captured directly from the ambient air; this is contrast to
2373:
915:
186:
reported growth in direct air capture global operating capacity.
3957:
3662:
3398:
2953:
2865:
2746:
2698:
2660:
2466:"In Silicon Valley, the Quest to Make Gasoline Out of Thin Air"
2198:"From thin air to stone: greenhouse gas test starts in Iceland"
2351:
837:. The alcohols are then separated from the electrolytes using
363:
Carbon dioxide scrubber § Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
291:
238:. This carbonate is heated to produce a highly pure gaseous CO
3920:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
2131:"Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants"
2129:
Fasihi, Mahdi; Efimova, Olga; Breyer, Christian (July 2019).
759:, Finland, operating in the fields of Direct Air Capture and
690:
is injected 700 meters under the ground and mineralizes into
645:
is used to increase vegetable yields in a nearby greenhouse.
395:
Proponents of DAC argue that it is an essential component of
1149:
Quarton, Christopher J.; Samsatli, Sheila (1 January 2020).
775:
while reducing the building's net emissions. The captured CO
877:
in which the latter will purchase 315,000 metric tons of CO
2541:
Sigurdardottir, Ragnhildur; Rathi, Akshat (6 March 2021).
2172:"LEAK: EU strategy seeks to remove carbon from atmosphere"
2082:
Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration
1487:"Direct Air Capture: Recent developments and future plans"
53:) is the use of chemical or physical processes to extract
4096:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
513:
These applications require different concentrations of CO
142:, DAC is known as direct air carbon capture and storage (
755:
Soletair Power is a startup founded in 2016, located in
861:
Heirloom's first direct air capture facility opened in
425:. The theoretical minimum energy required to extract CO
308:
1617:
from air—Thermodynamic and thermogravimetric analyses"
429:
from ambient air is about 250 kWh per tonne of CO
127:. These chemical media are subsequently stripped of CO
3937:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1837:'Air Capture' Could Be Key to Slowing Global Warming"
1336:"Direct Air Capture / A key technology for net zero"
332:
In a cyclical process designed in 2012 by professor
4114:
3999:
3968:
3897:
3832:
3754:
3676:
3627:
3544:
3501:
3411:
3318:
3176:
3123:
2966:
2790:
2759:
1243:"Direct Capture of carbon dioxide from Ambient Air"
732:for $ 120 per tonne at its facility in Huntsville.
226:from a gas. For example, a common caustic solvent:
27:
Method of carbon capture from carbon dioxide in air
57:directly from the ambient air. If the extracted CO
991:Novel carbon capture and utilisation technologies
195:. The company claims this 'passive capture' of CO
77:and be a "negative emissions technology" (NET).
4137:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
1399:Introduction to carbon capture and sequestration
1203:"Carbon-dioxide-removal options are multiplying"
1236:
1234:
1723:
1721:
2877:History of climate change policy and politics
2672:
500:creating carbon-neutral concrete alternative,
8:
2009:"How Bill Gates aims to clean up the planet"
596:, including gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.
285:levels, has earned the technology a name of
2994:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
1795:"400 PPM: Can Artificial Trees Help Pull CO
1648:"400 PPM: Can Artificial Trees Help Pull CO
1300:"Direct Air Capture (Technology Factsheet)"
277:The idea of using many small dispersed DAC
67:direct air carbon capture and sequestration
4218:
4206:
3965:
3954:
3673:
3659:
3408:
3395:
2963:
2950:
2862:
2756:
2743:
2695:
2679:
2665:
2657:
456:electricity would end up releasing more CO
138:When combined with long-term storage of CO
3764:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
2902:United Nations Climate Change conferences
2252:
2146:
1980:
1955:Ranjan, Manya; Herzog, Howard J. (2011).
1926:
1537:
1258:
1133:
1100:
1052:
1042:
348:called Marathon MSA, which absorbs air CO
250:binds to solid sorbent in the process of
3468:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
735:Global Thermostat has closed deals with
206:Most commercial techniques use a liquid
37:
29:
3824:National Adaptation Programme of Action
3613:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
2514:Clifford, Catherine (1 February 2021).
972:
468:Practical applications of DAC include:
367:Other substances which can be used are
3473:Economics of climate change mitigation
3436:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
2782:Scientific consensus on climate change
2043:Diamandis, Peter H. (23 August 2019).
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
611:, which removes a certain amount of CO
503:enhancing productivity of algae farms,
344:can be efficiently separated using an
4132:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
2553:from the original on 21 November 2021
2522:from the original on 21 November 2021
2208:from the original on 1 September 2019
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1882:from the original on 25 December 2017
1847:from the original on 3 September 2019
1826:
1824:
1809:from the original on 4 September 2019
1768:Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy
1713:http://www.imm.org/Reports/rep043.pdf
1662:from the original on 4 September 2019
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1461:from the original on 3 September 2019
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1074:
1072:
73:)), the overall process will achieve
7:
4154:Representative Concentration Pathway
3100:Tipping points in the climate system
2776:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
2584:from the original on 12 January 2021
2572:Takahashi, Dean (25 February 2020).
2476:from the original on 29 January 2020
2384:from the original on 9 November 2018
2314:Proctor, Darrell (1 December 2017).
2170:Simon, Frédéric (23 November 2021).
1687:BBC News | Science & Environment
1197:
1195:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
891:Center for Negative Carbon Emissions
421:, due to the low concentration of CO
338:Center for Negative Carbon Emissions
3925:Nationally determined contributions
3635:Individual action on climate change
2845:World energy supply and consumption
2445:from the original on 6 October 2019
2326:from the original on 26 August 2019
2295:from the original on 26 August 2019
2055:from the original on 29 August 2019
1693:from the original on 14 August 2017
1497:from the original on 26 August 2019
1352:from the original on 10 April 2022.
1316:from the original on 26 August 2019
1221:"The many prices of carbon dioxide"
739:(which aims to use DAC to source CO
4064:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
2464:Brustein, Joshua (30 April 2019).
2433:Service, Robert F. (3 July 2019).
2196:Doyle, Alister (11 October 2017).
1831:Schiffman, Richard (23 May 2016).
1683:"'Artificial trees' to cut carbon"
1402:. London: Imperial College Press.
1031:Energy & Environmental Science
743:for its carbonated beverages) and
441:" connected to DAC installations.
65:in safe long-term storage (called
25:
3991:Satellite temperature measurement
3596:forestry for carbon sequestration
2882:History of climate change science
2414:from the original on 28 July 2021
1343:International Energy Agency (IEA)
258:is then desorbed from the solid.
254:. Through heat and vacuum, the CO
4217:
4205:
4194:
4193:
4181:
3842:Climate Change Performance Index
3221:Destruction of cultural heritage
2615:from the original on 28 May 2022
2495:Plumer, Brad (9 November 2023).
1681:Burns, Judith (27 August 2009).
927:Within the research domain, the
446:carbon capture and storage (CCS)
295:
86:carbon capture and storage (CCS)
3981:Instrumental temperature record
3932:Sustainable Development Goal 13
2345:Proctor, Darrell (8 May 2024).
2227:Tollefson, Jeff (7 June 2018).
2007:Vidal, John (4 February 2018).
813:Is a start-up company based in
728:The company claims to remove CO
4049:Climate variability and change
3085:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
2634:Kazmer, Rick (10 April 2024).
1866:Yarris, Lynn (17 March 2015).
1485:Chalmin, Anja (16 July 2019).
1178:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113936
450:carbon-free electricity source
346:anionic exchange polymer resin
1:
4159:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
3694:Climate emergency declaration
2603:Patel, Prachi (28 May 2022).
2148:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.086
2135:Journal of Cleaner Production
1868:"A Better Way of Scrubbing CO
1793:Biello, David (16 May 2013).
1646:Biello, David (16 May 2013).
849:when used, emitting no net CO
791:, that can produce synthetic
480:carbon-neutral synthetic fuel
4142:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
3368:Middle East and North Africa
1982:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.193
1957:"Feasibility of air capture"
1907:Chemical Engineering Journal
1750:10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.012
1621:Chemical Engineering Journal
857:Heirloom Carbon Technologies
717:, New York, with a plant in
497:improving concrete strength,
444:When DAC is combined with a
1905:direct air capture (DAC)".
1539:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00173
1260:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00173
1102:10.1016/j.joule.2018.05.006
1081:"A Process for Capturing CO
603:solution. It reacts with CO
184:International Energy Agency
4282:
3976:Global surface temperature
3867:Popular culture depictions
3779:Ecosystem-based adaptation
3509:Carbon capture and storage
3431:Carbon offsets and credits
2285:"Public Update on CarbFix"
2254:10.1038/d41586-018-05357-w
1345:. April 2022. p. 18.
806:
622:
562:
439:small nuclear power plants
360:
234:and precipitates a stable
18:Carbon dioxide air capture
4188:Climate change portal
4175:
4081:Extreme event attribution
3964:
3953:
3704:School Strike for Climate
3672:
3658:
3583:Climate-smart agriculture
3407:
3394:
2962:
2949:
2872:
2861:
2755:
2742:
2725:Climate change adaptation
2720:Climate change mitigation
2715:Effects of climate change
2705:
2694:
1919:10.1016/j.cej.2022.137047
1633:10.1016/j.cej.2007.09.007
1441:"Direct Air Capture of CO
946:Artificial photosynthesis
918:— a startup in London, UK
916:Mission Zero Technologies
839:carbon nanotube membranes
397:climate change mitigation
4091:Global warming potential
3898:International agreements
3545:Preserving and enhancing
2984:Arctic methane emissions
2906:Years in climate change
2813:Greenhouse gas emissions
2710:Causes of climate change
1135:10.3389/fclim.2019.00010
931:team's development of a
895:Arizona State University
701:than they both produce.
639:waste incineration plant
369:metal–organic frameworks
357:Metal-organic frameworks
4122:Climate change scenario
3774:Disaster risk reduction
3426:Carbon emission trading
3236:U.S. insurance industry
3211:Civilizational collapse
3058:sea surface temperature
1590:10.1126/science.aau4107
993:. Publications Office.
923:Innovations in Research
845:sources, the fuels are
246:. Alternatively, the CO
4246:Carbon dioxide removal
4115:Research and modelling
3799:Nature-based solutions
3619:Nature-based solutions
3561:Carbon dioxide removal
3478:Fossil fuel divestment
3463:Climate risk insurance
3373:Small island countries
2989:Arctic sea ice decline
1491:Geoengineering Monitor
1307:Geoengineering Monitor
951:Carbon dioxide removal
817:which launched out of
686:. In this approach, CO
680:geothermal power plant
336:, the director of the
328:Moisture swing sorbent
273:Other explored methods
187:
80:The carbon dioxide (CO
75:carbon dioxide removal
43:
35:
4076:Earth's energy budget
3959:Background and theory
3847:Climate crisis (term)
3519:Fossil fuel phase-out
3413:Economics and finance
3378:by individual country
3320:By country and region
3295:Security and conflict
3290:Psychological impacts
2974:Abrupt climate change
2897:Charles David Keeling
2730:By country and region
1518:"Direct Capture of CO
506:enrichment of air in
473:enhanced oil recovery
454:fossil-fuel-generated
181:
41:
33:
3905:Glasgow Climate Pact
3566:Carbon sequestration
3136:Mass mortality event
1122:Frontiers in Climate
1085:from the Atmosphere"
910:Energy Impact Center
821:in 2019 to remove CO
684:Hellisheidi, Iceland
492:carbon sequestration
486:beverage carbonation
391:Environmental impact
4256:Climate engineering
4044:Climate sensitivity
3819:The Adaptation Fund
3275:Infectious diseases
3177:Social and economic
2374:"Global Thermostat"
2291:. 3 November 2017.
2245:2018Natur.558..173T
1973:2011EnPro...4.2869R
1803:Scientific American
1774:on 20 December 2012
1742:2013Ene....50...38L
1656:Scientific American
1532:(19): 11840–11876.
1253:(19): 11840–11876.
1227:. 20 November 2023.
1209:. 20 November 2023.
1170:2020ApEn..25713936Q
853:to the atmosphere.
719:Huntsville, Alabama
609:potassium carbonate
601:potassium hydroxide
599:The company uses a
4266:Direct air capture
3615:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
3587:Forest management
3571:Direct air capture
3536:Sustainable energy
3493:Net zero emissions
3488:Low-carbon economy
3483:Green Climate Fund
3270:Indigenous peoples
3168:Plant biodiversity
2956:Effects and issues
2501:The New York Times
1044:10.1039/D1EE03523A
902:– a subsidiary of
565:Carbon Engineering
559:Carbon Engineering
531:fugitive emissions
307:. You can help by
188:
174:Methods of capture
47:Direct air capture
44:
36:
4233:
4232:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4106:Radiative forcing
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3769:Adaptive capacity
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3514:Energy transition
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3105:Tropical cyclones
3031:Urban heat island
2945:
2944:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2818:Carbon accounting
2772:Greenhouse effect
2738:
2737:
2378:Global Thermostat
2099:978-0-309-48452-7
1522:from Ambient Air"
1008:978-92-79-82006-9
709:Global Thermostat
452:. The use of any
340:(CNCE), dilute CO
325:
324:
289:in popular media.
152:emissions trading
88:which captures CO
16:(Redirected from
4273:
4221:
4220:
4209:
4208:
4197:
4196:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4149:Paleoclimatology
3966:
3955:
3716:Ecological grief
3699:Climate movement
3674:
3660:
3640:Plant-based diet
3531:Renewable energy
3409:
3396:
3231:Economic impacts
3158:Invasive species
3014:Coastal flooding
2964:
2951:
2887:Svante Arrhenius
2863:
2833:from agriculture
2823:Carbon footprint
2808:Greenhouse gases
2757:
2744:
2696:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2410:. 28 June 2021.
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2256:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2176:www.euractiv.com
2167:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2078:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2040:
2017:
2016:
2004:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1952:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1770:. Archived from
1764:"Carbon Capture"
1760:
1754:
1753:
1725:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1577:
1560:
1559:
1541:
1526:Chemical Reviews
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1482:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1449:
1437:
1422:
1421:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1304:
1296:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1247:Chemical Reviews
1238:
1229:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1095:(8): 1573–1594.
1076:
1067:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1037:(4): 1360–1405.
1022:
1013:
1012:
986:
904:Reykjavik Energy
835:electrocatalysis
809:Prometheus Fuels
803:Prometheus Fuels
799:from buildings.
795:from captured CO
675:
671:
660:Reykjavik Energy
382:separation of CO
320:
317:
299:
292:
287:artificial trees
236:sodium carbonate
228:sodium hydroxide
160:renewable energy
21:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4182:
4180:
4163:
4110:
4101:Orbital forcing
3995:
3960:
3941:
3915:Paris Agreement
3893:
3889:Warming stripes
3828:
3794:Managed retreat
3789:Loss and damage
3750:
3684:Business action
3668:
3646:
3623:
3546:
3540:
3497:
3458:Climate finance
3403:
3382:
3314:
3172:
3148:Extinction risk
3124:Flora and fauna
3119:
3080:Permafrost thaw
3075:Ozone depletion
3004:Extreme weather
2958:
2941:
2868:
2849:
2786:
2751:
2734:
2701:
2690:
2685:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2100:
2080:
2079:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2049:Singularity Hub
2042:
2041:
2020:
2006:
2005:
1990:
1961:Energy Procedia
1954:
1953:
1944:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1579:
1578:
1563:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1484:
1483:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:. 1 June 2011.
1447:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1425:
1410:
1395:
1394:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:. 24 May 2018.
1302:
1298:
1297:
1276:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
988:
987:
974:
969:
942:
925:
887:
885:Other companies
880:
872:
859:
852:
832:
824:
811:
805:
798:
778:
774:
770:
753:
742:
731:
724:
711:
700:
689:
673:
672:Union's Horizon
669:
658:partnered with
651:
644:
636:
627:
621:
614:
606:
591:
584:
580:
567:
561:
556:
549:
545:
540:
524:
520:
516:
466:
459:
436:
432:
428:
424:
409:
401:Paris Agreement
393:
385:
377:
365:
359:
351:
343:
330:
321:
315:
312:
305:needs expansion
284:
275:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
202:
198:
194:
176:
141:
134:
130:
107:
91:
83:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4279:
4277:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4261:Sustainability
4258:
4253:
4251:Carbon dioxide
4248:
4238:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4215:
4203:
4191:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4056:
4054:Cloud feedback
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3912:
3910:Kyoto Protocol
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3864:
3862:Media coverage
3859:
3854:
3852:Climate spiral
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3741:Public opinion
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3689:Climate action
3686:
3680:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3663:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3601:REDD and REDD+
3598:
3593:
3585:
3580:
3578:Carbon farming
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3310:Water security
3307:
3305:Water scarcity
3302:
3300:Urban flooding
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3153:Forest dieback
3150:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:Sea level rise
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3063:stratification
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2828:Carbon leakage
2825:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2769:
2767:Climate system
2763:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2692:
2691:
2688:Climate change
2686:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2652:
2626:
2595:
2564:
2533:
2506:
2487:
2456:
2439:Science | AAAS
2425:
2395:
2365:
2337:
2320:POWER Magazine
2306:
2276:
2219:
2188:
2162:
2121:
2098:
2090:10.17226/25259
2066:
2018:
1988:
1942:
1902:
1893:
1869:
1858:
1834:
1820:
1799:from the Air?"
1796:
1785:
1755:
1717:
1704:
1673:
1652:from the Air?"
1649:
1638:
1627:(1–3): 62–70.
1614:
1603:
1561:
1519:
1508:
1472:
1442:
1423:
1408:
1381:
1355:
1327:
1274:
1230:
1212:
1191:
1158:Applied Energy
1141:
1108:
1082:
1068:
1014:
1007:
971:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
958:
953:
948:
941:
938:
924:
921:
920:
919:
913:
907:
897:
886:
883:
878:
870:
858:
855:
850:
847:carbon neutral
830:
822:
807:Main article:
804:
801:
796:
781:renewable fuel
776:
772:
768:
752:
751:Soletair Power
749:
740:
729:
722:
710:
707:
698:
687:
652:from the air.
649:
642:
634:
623:Main article:
620:
617:
615:from the air.
612:
604:
594:synthetic fuel
589:
582:
578:
575:Murray Edwards
563:Main article:
560:
557:
555:
552:
547:
543:
539:
536:
522:
518:
514:
511:
510:
504:
501:
498:
495:
489:
483:
478:production of
476:
465:
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434:
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361:Main article:
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349:
341:
329:
326:
323:
322:
316:September 2019
302:
300:
282:
274:
271:
255:
247:
239:
231:
230:reacts with CO
223:
200:
196:
192:
175:
172:
139:
132:
128:
105:
89:
81:
58:
55:carbon dioxide
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4278:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
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4226:
4225:
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4147:
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4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:Climate model
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4059:Cloud forcing
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
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4010:
4008:
4005:
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3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
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3963:
3956:
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3858:
3855:
3853:
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3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3834:Communication
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Vulnerability
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:Flood control
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
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3739:
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3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
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3687:
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3682:
3681:
3679:
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3661:
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3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3606:reforestation
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:afforestation
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3526:Nuclear power
3524:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3489:
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3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
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3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Carbon budget
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
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3349:
3346:
3344:
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3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3258:Mental health
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3194:United States
3192:
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3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
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3156:
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3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
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3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:deoxygenation
3046:
3044:
3043:acidification
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
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2952:
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2936:
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2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
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2913:
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2908:
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2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2864:
2860:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2838:from wetlands
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Deforestation
2796:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
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2697:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2641:
2640:The Cool Down
2637:
2630:
2627:
2614:
2610:
2609:IEEE Spectrum
2606:
2599:
2596:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2552:
2548:
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2537:
2534:
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2475:
2471:
2470:Bloomberg.com
2467:
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2286:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:(7709): 173.
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2158:
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2136:
2132:
2125:
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2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
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2054:
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2046:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:: 2869–2876.
1966:
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1951:
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1409:9781783263295
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1370:. 2 July 2021
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1226:
1225:The Economist
1222:
1216:
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1207:The Economist
1204:
1198:
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999:10.2777/01532
996:
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553:
551:
537:
535:
532:
526:
509:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
482:and plastics,
481:
477:
474:
471:
470:
469:
463:
461:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
420:
415:
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398:
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374:
372:
370:
364:
356:
354:
347:
339:
335:
334:Klaus Lackner
327:
319:
310:
306:
303:This section
301:
298:
294:
293:
290:
288:
280:
272:
270:
268:
264:
259:
253:
252:chemisorption
245:
237:
229:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
185:
180:
173:
171:
167:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
136:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
110:sequestration
103:
100:factory or a
99:
95:
94:point sources
87:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
56:
52:
48:
40:
32:
19:
4222:
4210:
4198:
4179:
4012:Carbon cycle
3969:Measurements
3664:Society and
3570:
3548:carbon sinks
3453:Climate debt
3443:Carbon price
3265:Human rights
3095:Season creep
3053:heat content
2979:Anoxic event
2892:James Hansen
2643:. Retrieved
2639:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2608:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2577:
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2546:
2536:
2524:. Retrieved
2509:
2500:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2469:
2459:
2447:. Retrieved
2438:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2408:gulfnews.com
2407:
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2377:
2368:
2356:. Retrieved
2350:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2319:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2201:
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:
2165:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2081:
2057:. Retrieved
2048:
2013:The Observer
2012:
1964:
1960:
1928:10261/280157
1910:
1906:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1875:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1840:
1811:. Retrieved
1802:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1767:
1758:
1733:
1729:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1686:
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1655:
1641:
1624:
1620:
1606:
1581:
1529:
1525:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1490:
1463:. Retrieved
1451:
1398:
1372:. Retrieved
1367:
1358:
1342:
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1306:
1250:
1246:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1161:
1157:
1144:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1092:
1088:
1034:
1030:
990:
926:
860:
819:Y Combinator
812:
757:Lappeenranta
754:
734:
727:
712:
703:
654:
647:
628:
598:
587:
568:
541:
527:
512:
467:
464:Applications
443:
416:
405:
394:
378:
366:
331:
313:
309:adding to it
304:
286:
276:
260:
244:causticizing
205:
189:
168:
164:
156:carbon price
147:
143:
137:
96:, such as a
79:
70:
66:
50:
46:
45:
4039:Carbon sink
4017:atmospheric
3882:video games
3556:Blue carbon
3184:Agriculture
3163:Marine life
3110:Water cycle
3068:temperature
2803:Fossil fuel
2588:21 November
2578:VentureBeat
2557:21 November
2526:21 November
2330:4 September
2299:2 September
2212:4 September
2141:: 957–980.
1886:7 September
1876:News Center
1851:6 September
1813:4 September
1778:6 September
1697:6 September
1666:4 September
1452:APS physics
1054:10115/19074
554:Development
508:greenhouses
263:carbonation
114:utilization
63:sequestered
4240:Categories
4071:Cryosphere
4032:permafrost
3804:Resilience
3756:Adaptation
3731:Litigation
3721:Governance
3666:adaptation
3448:Carbon tax
3401:Mitigation
3338:Antarctica
3226:Disability
2480:23 January
2449:23 January
2388:7 December
2289:Climeworks
2181:1 December
1913:: 137047.
1374:9 December
1164:: 113936.
967:References
961:Smog tower
929:ETH Zurich
815:Santa Cruz
787:for Dubai
785:Power-to-X
761:Power-to-X
745:ExxonMobil
656:Climeworks
625:Climeworks
619:Climeworks
571:Bill Gates
412:irrigation
267:adsorbents
214:-based or
4086:Feedbacks
3857:Education
3358:Caribbean
3353:Australia
3280:Migration
3243:Fisheries
3189:Livestock
3115:Wildfires
3021:Heat wave
2157:159399402
2116:134196575
2059:29 August
1937:248930982
1841:Yale E360
1736:: 38–46.
1598:242097184
1501:27 August
1465:26 August
1418:872565493
1320:27 August
1186:208829001
1063:247178548
956:CityTrees
933:photoacid
906:, Iceland
881:removal.
875:Microsoft
867:U.S. tons
843:renewable
827:adsorbing
789:Expo 2020
737:Coca-Cola
715:Manhattan
585:removed.
375:Membranes
279:scrubbers
210:—usually
203:capture.
102:bioenergy
4212:Glossary
4200:Category
4022:biologic
3736:Politics
3628:Personal
3333:Americas
3201:Children
2967:Physical
2760:Overview
2700:Overview
2645:14 April
2613:Archived
2582:Archived
2551:Archived
2520:Archived
2518:. CNBC.
2474:Archived
2443:Archived
2412:Archived
2382:Archived
2324:Archived
2293:Archived
2271:48355402
2263:29895915
2206:Archived
2108:31120708
2084:. 2019.
2053:Archived
1880:Archived
1845:Archived
1807:Archived
1691:Archived
1660:Archived
1556:19566110
1548:27560307
1495:Archived
1456:Archived
1368:ASU News
1347:Archived
1311:Archived
1269:27560307
940:See also
765:Wärtsilä
692:basaltic
668:European
641:. The CO
607:to form
419:flue gas
380:Membrane
371:(MOFs).
125:sorbents
118:alkaline
61:is then
4027:oceanic
3877:fiction
3726:Justice
3677:Society
3285:Poverty
2999:Drought
2867:History
2791:Sources
2619:16 June
2547:Fortune
2418:28 July
2241:Bibcode
2202:Reuters
1969:Bibcode
1833:"Why CO
1738:Bibcode
1582:Science
1166:Bibcode
900:Carbfix
793:methane
695:bedrock
664:Carbfix
216:caustic
208:solvent
121:solvent
4007:Albedo
4000:Theory
3711:Denial
3502:Energy
3363:Europe
3343:Arctic
3328:Africa
3253:Health
3248:Gender
3206:Cities
3131:Biomes
3038:Oceans
3026:Marine
2749:Causes
2358:16 May
2269:
2261:
2233:Nature
2155:
2114:
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