210:
198:
73:
46:
240:, but display a blunt papillary/pebbly surface and keratin-filled crypts extending deep into the connective tissue. These keratin-filled crypts resemble rabbit burrows. It is located almost exclusively on the foot, but at least 50 oral locations have also been observed.
179:. The oral cavity is the most common site of this tumor. The ages range from 50 to 80 years with a male predominance and a median age of 67 years. VC may grow large in size, resulting in the destruction of adjacent tissue, such as bone and cartilage.
209:
197:
151:
This form of cancer is often seen in those who chew tobacco or use snuff orally, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as "Snuff dipper's cancer". Chewing betel nuts is an additional risk factor commonly seen in Taiwan.
664:- "This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."
406:
Yeudall WA, Torrance LK, Elsegood KA, Speight P, Scully C, Prime SS (January 1993). "Ras gene point mutation is a rare event in premalignant tissues and malignant cells and tissues from oral mucosal lesions".
857:
2723:
263:
to distant parts of the body is rare. Patients with oral verrucous carcinoma may be at greater risk of a second oral squamous cell carcinoma, for which the prognosis is worse.
2905:
442:
Kuo MY, Jeng JH, Chiang CP, Hahn LJ (February 1994). "Mutations of Ki-ras oncogene codon 12 in betel quid chewing-related human oral squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan".
164:, while betel nut is an additional factor in Taiwan. Different gene mutation sites in head and neck cancer between western countries and Taiwan have been reported.
1952:
928:
3562:
2910:
1564:
3537:
2735:
2686:
251:
Surgical excision alone is effective for controlling VC, but elective neck dissection is not necessary even in patients in the advanced stages.
709:
277:
28:
3220:
3063:
1403:
334:
317:
248:
Surgery is considered the treatment of choice, but the extent of surgical margin and the adjuvant radiotherapy are still controversial.
477:
Medina JE, Dichtel W, Luna MA (July 1984). "Verrucous-squamous carcinomas of the oral cavity. A clinicopathologic study of 104 cases".
2337:
1821:
972:
921:
3464:
2097:
683:
3439:
3376:
3371:
3253:
2681:
2661:
1573:
1453:
560:
543:
3572:
3285:
2922:
2376:
1457:
1290:
187:
Surgeons must provide adequate specimens including the full thickness of the tumors and adjacent uninvolved mucosa for correct
3270:
3105:
1078:
3110:
1395:
914:
2634:
2243:
1947:
1932:
1870:
1816:
1739:
1557:
1184:
359:"High frequency mutation in codons 12 and 61 of H-ras oncogene in chewing tobacco-related human oral carcinoma in India"
272:
623:"Organ-Sparing Surgery for a Giant Verrucous Carcinoma of the Penile Shaft: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"
215:
High magnification. There is prominent acanthosis. The tumor front is broad-based and pushes the subepithelial tissues.
3162:
3125:
2855:
2136:
2048:
1442:
1359:
992:
298:
236:) is a subtype of verrucous carcinoma, characterized by well-differentiated epithelial cells which lack cytological
3172:
3120:
2927:
2860:
2629:
2129:
2124:
2075:
1499:
1481:
1391:
1342:
203:
Low-magnification micrograph of penile verrucous carcinoma. The tumor is characterized by prominent papillomatosis.
3177:
2895:
2799:
2270:
1734:
1476:
1399:
1236:
1062:
1025:
515:
Kang CJ, Chang JT, Chen TM, Chen IH, Liao CT (November 2003). "Surgical treatment of oral verrucous carcinoma".
3484:
3263:
3248:
2944:
2900:
2845:
2718:
2676:
2444:
2290:
1504:
1437:
1372:
1246:
1226:
1193:
1171:
1133:
865:
3317:
2649:
784:"Oral Carcinoma Cuniculatum: A New Entity in the Clinicopathological Spectrum of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma"
3577:
3381:
3182:
3147:
2973:
2840:
2644:
2424:
2265:
2211:
2141:
2063:
2043:
2030:
2007:
1550:
982:
86:
3527:
3494:
3167:
3157:
3152:
3094:
3021:
2977:
2873:
2868:
2654:
2484:
2479:
2454:
2300:
2231:
2058:
1967:
1885:
1612:
1365:
1189:
1129:
2151:
1875:
3336:
3238:
2850:
2728:
2708:
2590:
2549:
2412:
2400:
2349:
2012:
1527:
1251:
2085:
3434:
3073:
3058:
2624:
2557:
2163:
1895:
1355:
1214:
1151:
987:
967:
259:
Most patients with verrucous carcinoma have a good prognosis. Local recurrence is not uncommon, but
72:
3489:
3225:
3205:
3195:
3068:
3001:
2883:
2878:
2804:
2703:
2356:
2280:
2119:
2017:
1997:
1910:
1900:
1826:
1801:
1659:
1491:
1143:
544:"National survey of head and neck verrucous carcinoma: patterns of presentation, care, and outcome"
316:
Xu J, Gimenez-Conti IB, Cunningham JE, Collet AM, Luna MA, Lanfranchi HE, et al. (July 1998).
1766:
3567:
3532:
3386:
3190:
3006:
2954:
2915:
2612:
2528:
2459:
2168:
1992:
1972:
1925:
1811:
1756:
1719:
1709:
1694:
1624:
1324:
1156:
1119:
997:
175:
Verrucous carcinoma may occur in various head and neck locations, as well as in the genitalia or
161:
128:
It can rapidly become fixed with underlying periosteum and cause gradual destruction of jaw bone.
3479:
3454:
3115:
1015:
3230:
2819:
2784:
2617:
2513:
2371:
2295:
2002:
1942:
1905:
1880:
1729:
1607:
1602:
1468:
813:
759:
705:
679:
654:
600:
565:
524:
494:
459:
424:
388:
339:
318:"Alterations of p53, cyclin D1, Rb, and H-ras in human oral carcinomas related to tobacco use"
167:
The presentation of VC originated from exposure to different carcinogens may not be the same.
61:
3200:
2835:
2825:
2789:
2698:
2449:
2388:
2322:
2312:
2260:
2158:
2053:
1890:
1429:
1347:
1161:
1073:
803:
795:
749:
741:
644:
634:
592:
555:
486:
451:
416:
378:
370:
329:
45:
3356:
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2666:
2585:
2565:
2489:
2474:
2344:
2248:
2216:
2187:
2109:
2035:
1831:
1714:
1704:
1649:
1634:
1447:
1110:
357:
Saranath D, Chang SE, Bhoite LT, Panchal RG, Kerr IB, Mehta AR, et al. (April 1991).
113:
94:
1198:
490:
730:"An unusual case of bilateral verrucous carcinoma of the foot (epithelioma cuniculatum)"
583:
McDonald JS, Crissman JD, Gluckman JL (1982). "Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity".
3522:
3474:
3444:
3312:
3243:
3210:
2932:
2671:
2405:
2285:
2080:
1865:
1678:
1124:
1053:
808:
783:
754:
729:
649:
622:
455:
383:
358:
188:
122:
It is a slow growing, diffuse, exophytic lesion usually covered by leukoplakic patches.
542:
Koch BB, Trask DK, Hoffman HT, Karnell LH, Robinson RA, Zhen W, Menck HR (July 2001).
3556:
3424:
3302:
3130:
2949:
2713:
2693:
2602:
2469:
2429:
2226:
1987:
1962:
1937:
1915:
1699:
1689:
1654:
799:
420:
17:
3275:
3051:
3046:
3031:
3011:
2981:
2814:
2523:
2464:
2395:
2317:
2307:
2275:
2238:
2199:
2191:
1806:
1761:
1746:
1644:
1639:
1542:
1382:
1334:
1278:
1179:
894:
906:
870:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3366:
3361:
3292:
2366:
2327:
2146:
2022:
1982:
1850:
1771:
1751:
1320:
1095:
1007:
176:
97:
orally, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as "Snuff dipper's cancer".
54:
3429:
3215:
3041:
2809:
2639:
2580:
2518:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2434:
2417:
2361:
2332:
2253:
2114:
2092:
1977:
1957:
1231:
1100:
1090:
946:
260:
116:, hard palate, floor of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus, penis, vagina, scrotum.
834:
3297:
3280:
3016:
2794:
2597:
2221:
2104:
1724:
1619:
1597:
1283:
1219:
959:
955:
889:
134:
Lesion shows painful multiple rugae-like folds and deep clefts between them.
817:
763:
658:
639:
596:
569:
528:
335:
10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980715)83:2<204::aid-cncr2>3.0.co;2-q
745:
604:
498:
463:
428:
392:
343:
3307:
3258:
3026:
2779:
2760:
2740:
2561:
2439:
2383:
1629:
374:
66:
849:
561:
10.1002/1097-0142(20010701)92:1<110::aid-cncr1298>3.0.co;2-k
3393:
3351:
3036:
2996:
2890:
2764:
2553:
1920:
1241:
1048:
1020:
90:
621:
Philippou P, Kitsios C, Miliatou M, Poullou C, Konstantinou P (2019).
3135:
2607:
2195:
1790:
1518:
1311:
1105:
938:
237:
1039:
297:
Ridge JA, Glisson BS, Lango MN, Feigenberg S, Horwitz EM (2008).
3511:
3410:
3334:
3092:
2971:
2757:
2547:
2185:
1848:
1788:
1676:
1584:
1546:
910:
1586:
301:. In Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (eds.).
89:. This form of cancer is often seen in those who chew
839:
723:
721:
1517:
1490:
1467:
1428:
1417:
1381:
1333:
1310:
1299:
1264:
1207:
1170:
1142:
1061:
1047:
1038:
1006:
954:
945:
880:
843:
676:
60:
38:
2986:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
728:Suen K, Wijeratne S, Patrikios J (December 2012).
160:The major risk factors are cigarette smoking and
616:
614:
3341:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
303:Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach
1953:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
112:Site – gingiva, buccal mucosa,
106:Age – usually over 60 years old
2911:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
1558:
922:
8:
777:
775:
773:
788:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
700:Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL (2007).
510:
508:
3508:
3407:
3331:
3089:
2968:
2754:
2544:
2182:
1845:
1785:
1673:
1581:
1565:
1551:
1543:
1425:
1307:
1058:
1044:
951:
929:
915:
907:
840:
71:
44:
35:
807:
782:Datar UV, Kale A, Mane D (January 2017).
753:
648:
638:
559:
382:
333:
137:Regional lymph nodes tender and enlarged.
109:Sex – males are more prone
444:Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine
3538:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
2687:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
289:
193:
2724:As a manifestation of systemic disease
125:Invasive lesions quickly invade bones.
7:
3563:Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts
2570:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
674:James W, Berger T, Elston D (2005).
491:10.1001/archotol.1984.00800330019003
278:List of verrucous carcinoma subtypes
29:List of verrucous carcinoma subtypes
3221:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
3064:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
1404:Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma
140:Pain and difficulty in mastication.
2338:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
1822:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
973:Combined small-cell lung carcinoma
456:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1994.tb00259.x
409:European Journal of Cancer, Part B
25:
3440:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
3377:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
3372:Central hypoventilation syndrome
3254:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
2682:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
2662:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
1574:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
734:Journal of Surgical Case Reports
208:
196:
3286:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
2923:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
2377:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
1291:Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
85:(VC) is an uncommon variant of
3271:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
3106:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
1079:Familial adenomatous polyposis
131:Enlarged regional lymph nodes.
1:
3465:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
3414:Soft tissues around the mouth
3111:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
1454:Paget's disease of the breast
1396:Pancreatic serous cystadenoma
2635:Gingival cyst of the newborn
2244:Failure of eruption of teeth
1948:Hand, foot and mouth disease
1933:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
1871:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
1817:Palatal cysts of the newborn
1740:Transient lingual papillitis
1458:Extramammary Paget's disease
1185:Multiple endocrine neoplasia
800:10.7860/JCDR/2017/23437.9226
421:10.1016/0964-1955(93)90012-4
273:List of cutaneous conditions
3163:Salivary gland diverticulum
3126:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
2137:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
2049:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
1443:Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
1360:Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
993:Transitional cell carcinoma
678:(10th ed.). Saunders.
53:Verrucous carcinoma on the
3594:
3173:Salivary gland hyperplasia
3121:HIV salivary gland disease
2630:Gingival cyst of the adult
2076:Oral florid papillomatosis
1500:Medullary breast carcinoma
1482:Invasive lobular carcinoma
1392:Ovarian serous cystadenoma
1343:Signet ring cell carcinoma
517:Chang Gung Medical Journal
479:Archives of Otolaryngology
26:
3518:
3507:
3420:
3412:Orofacial soft tissues –
3406:
3347:
3330:
3178:Salivary gland hypoplasia
3101:
3088:
2992:
2967:
2906:Bisphosphonate-associated
2800:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
2775:
2753:
2576:
2543:
2271:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
2207:
2181:
1861:
1844:
1797:
1784:
1735:Median rhomboid glossitis
1685:
1672:
1593:
1580:
1477:Lobular carcinoma in situ
1400:Serous cystadenocarcinoma
1237:Clear-cell adenocarcinoma
1026:Bartholin gland carcinoma
937:Glandular and epithelial
702:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
363:British Journal of Cancer
52:
43:
3485:Orofacial granulomatosis
3264:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
3249:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
3183:Salivary gland neoplasms
2974:Temporomandibular joints
2945:Periapical periodontitis
2677:Linear gingival erythema
2445:Regional odontodysplasia
2291:Enamel hypocalcification
1505:Medullary thyroid cancer
1438:Mammary ductal carcinoma
1373:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
1227:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
1194:Adrenocortical carcinoma
1134:Hepatocellular carcinoma
3382:Obstructive sleep apnea
3148:Salivary duct stricture
2928:Paget's disease of bone
2425:Pulp canal obliteration
2266:Dentin hypersensitivity
2212:Amelogenesis imperfecta
2064:Squamous cell carcinoma
2044:Adenosquamous carcinoma
2031:Squamous cell papilloma
2008:Melanocytic oral lesion
983:Squamous-cell carcinoma
627:Case Reports in Urology
585:Head & Neck Surgery
226:Epithelioma cuniculatum
119:Clinical presentation:
87:squamous cell carcinoma
3573:Oral mucosal pathology
3528:Hemifacial hypertrophy
3495:Pyostomatitis vegetans
3168:Salivary gland fistula
3158:Salivary gland atresia
3153:Salivary gland aplasia
3007:Mandibular dislocation
2978:muscles of mastication
2856:Calcifying odontogenic
2485:Vertical root fracture
2480:Cracked tooth syndrome
2455:Shovel-shaped incisors
2350:Wisdom tooth impaction
2232:Early childhood caries
2098:Benign mucous membrane
2059:Spindle cell carcinoma
1968:Intraoral dental sinus
1886:Burning mouth syndrome
1366:Pseudomyxoma peritonei
1190:Adrenocortical adenoma
1130:Hepatocellular adenoma
597:10.1002/hed.2890050106
299:"Head and Neck Tumors"
3337:Stomatognathic system
3239:Acinic cell carcinoma
2861:Glandular odontogenic
2013:Molluscum contagiosum
1528:Acinic cell carcinoma
1252:Papillary hidradenoma
835:eMedicine.com article
230:Carcinoma cuniculatum
18:Carcinoma cuniculatum
3480:Oral Crohn's disease
3435:Basal cell carcinoma
3074:Condylar hyperplasia
3059:Maxillary hypoplasia
2625:Gingival enlargement
2558:periodontal ligament
2164:Verruciform xanthoma
1896:Condyloma acuminatum
1356:Mucinous cystadenoma
1215:Neuroendocrine tumor
1152:Renal cell carcinoma
988:Basal-cell carcinoma
968:Small-cell carcinoma
704:. St. Louis: Mosby.
640:10.1155/2019/1537379
375:10.1038/bjc.1991.133
3490:Perioral dermatitis
3226:Pleomorphic adenoma
3206:Monomorphic adenoma
3196:Canalicular adenoma
3069:Condylar hypoplasia
3002:Condylar resorption
2846:Lateral periodontal
2805:Mandibular fracture
2704:Periodontal abscess
2301:Turner's hypoplasia
2069:Verrucous carcinoma
2018:Morsicatio buccarum
1998:Lupus erythematosus
1911:Erythema multiforme
1827:Stomatitis nicotina
1492:Medullary carcinoma
978:Verrucous carcinoma
746:10.1093/jscr/rjs020
162:alcohol consumption
83:Verrucous carcinoma
39:Verrucous carcinoma
3533:Facial hemiatrophy
3387:Periodic breathing
3318:Sjögren's syndrome
3191:Basal cell adenoma
2955:Torus mandibularis
2933:Periapical abscess
2916:Osteoradionecrosis
2841:Buccal bifurcation
2820:Intraosseous cysts
2709:Periodontal trauma
2613:Pyogenic granuloma
2460:Supernumerary root
2413:Pulp calcification
2401:Premature eruption
2372:Odontogenic tumors
2169:White sponge nevus
2142:Submucous fibrosis
2086:Smoker's melanosis
1973:Irritation fibroma
1812:High-arched palate
1720:Foliate papillitis
1710:Cunnilingus tongue
1695:Black hairy tongue
1625:Congenital lip pit
1325:Cystadenocarcinoma
1157:Endometrioid tumor
1120:Cholangiocarcinoma
1008:Complex epithelial
998:Inverted papilloma
881:External resources
101:Signs and symptoms
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3503:
3502:
3402:
3401:
3326:
3325:
3231:Sebaceous adenoma
3084:
3083:
2963:
2962:
2874:Median mandibular
2869:Nasopalatine duct
2785:Alveolar osteitis
2749:
2748:
2736:Perio-endo lesion
2618:Congenital epulis
2539:
2538:
2296:Enamel hypoplasia
2177:
2176:
2152:Riga–Fede disease
2003:Melanocytic nevus
1943:Hairy leukoplakia
1906:Epulis fissuratum
1840:
1839:
1780:
1779:
1730:Geographic tongue
1668:
1667:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1513:
1512:
1469:Lobular carcinoma
1413:
1412:
1260:
1259:
1034:
1033:
904:
903:
711:978-1-4160-2999-1
80:
79:
33:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3585:
3509:
3408:
3332:
3201:Ductal papilloma
3090:
2969:
2866:Non-odontogenic:
2851:Globulomaxillary
2790:Buccal exostosis
2755:
2699:Peri-implantitis
2545:
2261:Dentin dysplasia
2183:
2159:Verruca vulgaris
2054:Mucosal melanoma
1901:Darier's disease
1876:Behçet's disease
1846:
1802:Bednar's aphthae
1786:
1674:
1660:Trumpeter's wart
1582:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1460:
1430:Ductal carcinoma
1426:
1406:
1362:
1348:Krukenberg tumor
1308:
1162:Renal oncocytoma
1074:Linitis plastica
1063:Gastrointestinal
1059:
1045:
952:
931:
924:
917:
908:
841:
822:
821:
811:
794:(1): ZD37–ZD39.
779:
768:
767:
757:
725:
716:
715:
697:
691:
689:
671:
665:
662:
652:
642:
618:
609:
608:
580:
574:
573:
563:
539:
533:
532:
512:
503:
502:
474:
468:
467:
439:
433:
432:
403:
397:
396:
386:
354:
348:
347:
337:
313:
307:
306:
305:(11th ed.).
294:
212:
200:
177:sole of the foot
76:
75:
48:
36:
21:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3542:
3514:
3499:
3455:Ludwig's angina
3416:
3398:
3357:Mouth breathing
3343:
3322:
3143:Pneumoparotitis
3116:Frey's syndrome
3097:
3095:Salivary glands
3080:
2988:
2959:
2938:Phoenix abscess
2771:
2767:hard tissues –
2745:
2667:Hypercementosis
2586:Cementoblastoma
2572:
2535:
2249:Dens evaginatus
2203:
2173:
2125:Denture-related
2110:Plasmoacanthoma
2036:Keratoacanthoma
1857:
1855:Lining of mouth
1836:
1832:Torus palatinus
1793:
1776:
1757:Lingual thyroid
1715:Fissured tongue
1705:Crenated tongue
1681:
1664:
1650:Nasolabial cyst
1635:Herpes labialis
1589:
1576:
1571:
1541:
1532:
1509:
1486:
1463:
1452:
1448:Comedocarcinoma
1421:
1419:
1409:
1390:
1377:
1354:
1329:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1266:
1256:
1203:
1166:
1138:
1111:Somatostatinoma
1054:adenocarcinomas
1052:
1030:
1016:Warthin's tumor
1002:
941:
935:
905:
900:
899:
876:
875:
852:
831:
826:
825:
781:
780:
771:
727:
726:
719:
712:
699:
698:
694:
686:
673:
672:
668:
663:
620:
619:
612:
582:
581:
577:
541:
540:
536:
523:(11): 807–812.
514:
513:
506:
476:
475:
471:
441:
440:
436:
405:
404:
400:
356:
355:
351:
315:
314:
310:
296:
295:
291:
286:
269:
257:
246:
228:(also known as
223:
216:
213:
204:
201:
185:
173:
158:
149:
114:alveolar mucosa
103:
70:
34:
31:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3578:Oral neoplasia
3575:
3570:
3565:
3555:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3523:Eagle syndrome
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:Cystic hygroma
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3335:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3313:Sialolithiasis
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3244:Adenocarcinoma
3241:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3211:Myoepithelioma
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2972:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2884:Traumatic bone
2881:
2879:Median palatal
2876:
2871:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2758:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2674:
2672:Hypocementosis
2669:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2548:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2406:Neonatal teeth
2398:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2288:
2286:Ectopic enamel
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2186:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2081:Oral melanosis
2078:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:Bohn's nodules
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:Amalgam tattoo
1862:
1859:
1858:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1270:
1268:
1267:skin appendage
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1211:
1209:
1208:Other/multiple
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1127:
1125:Klatskin tumor
1122:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
949:
943:
942:
936:
934:
933:
926:
919:
911:
902:
901:
898:
897:
885:
884:
882:
878:
877:
874:
873:
862:
853:
848:
847:
845:
844:Classification
838:
837:
830:
829:External links
827:
824:
823:
769:
740:(12): rjs020.
717:
710:
692:
684:
666:
610:
575:
554:(1): 110–120.
534:
504:
485:(7): 437–440.
469:
434:
398:
369:(4): 573–578.
349:
328:(2): 204–212.
308:
288:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
275:
268:
265:
256:
253:
245:
242:
234:Ackerman tumor
222:
219:
218:
217:
214:
207:
205:
202:
195:
189:histopathology
184:
181:
172:
169:
157:
154:
148:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
117:
110:
107:
102:
99:
78:
77:
64:
58:
57:
50:
49:
41:
40:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3590:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Actinomycosis
3423:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:Sialodochitis
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2982:malocclusions
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Stafne defect
2948:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:Osteonecrosis
2899:
2897:
2896:Osteomyelitis
2894:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2769:Bones of jaws
2766:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2714:Periodontitis
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:Pericoronitis
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Granulomatous
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Eruption cyst
2601:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Pulp necrosis
2428:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2389:Dens in dente
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:Discoloration
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:Lichen planus
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:Herpes zoster
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Fordyce spots
1936:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Erythroplakia
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Caviar tongue
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:Ankyloglossia
1688:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:Sun poisoning
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1483:
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1436:
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1424:
1422:and medullary
1416:
1405:
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713:
707:
703:
696:
693:
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685:0-7216-2921-0
681:
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579:
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309:
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108:
105:
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100:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
74:
68:
65:
63:
59:
56:
51:
47:
42:
37:
30:
19:
3413:
3340:
3276:Sialadenitis
3235:
3187:
3052:Scissor bite
3047:Retrognathia
3032:Overeruption
3012:Malocclusion
2985:
2865:
2824:
2815:Micrognathia
2768:
2759:Periapical,
2645:Desquamative
2569:
2550:Periodontium
2524:Acid erosion
2465:Taurodontism
2396:Open contact
2308:Enamel pearl
2276:Dilaceration
2239:Concrescence
2068:
2040:
2027:
1854:
1807:Cleft palate
1767:Microglossia
1762:Macroglossia
1747:Glossoptosis
1645:Microcheilia
1640:Macrocheilia
1279:Hidrocystoma
1273:
1199:HĂĽrthle cell
1180:Prolactinoma
1085:
1070:
977:
888:
864:
856:
791:
787:
737:
733:
701:
695:
675:
669:
630:
626:
591:(1): 22–28.
588:
584:
578:
551:
547:
537:
520:
516:
482:
478:
472:
450:(2): 70–74.
447:
443:
437:
415:(1): 63–67.
412:
408:
401:
366:
362:
352:
325:
321:
311:
302:
292:
258:
250:
247:
233:
229:
225:
224:
186:
174:
166:
159:
156:Risk factors
150:
82:
81:
3470:Microstomia
3460:Macrostomia
3450:Gnathophyma
3367:Catathrenia
3362:Sleep apnea
3293:Sialectasis
2836:Dentigerous
2826:Odontogenic
2655:Plasma cell
2591:Gigantiform
2367:Microdontia
2357:Macrodontia
2328:Hyperdontia
2023:Oral cancer
1983:Leukoplakia
1891:Candidiasis
1851:Oral mucosa
1772:Rhabdomyoma
1752:Hypoglossia
1613:Plasma cell
1321:Cystadenoma
1274:sweat gland
1265:Adnexal and
1096:Glucagonoma
633:: 1537379.
191:diagnosis.
3557:Categories
3430:Angioedema
3236:Malignant:
3216:Oncocytoma
3042:Prognathia
2831:periapical
2810:Microgenia
2761:mandibular
2719:Aggressive
2640:Gingivitis
2581:Cementicle
2519:Abfraction
2509:Tooth wear
2502:Edentulism
2497:Tooth loss
2450:Resorption
2435:Pulp polyp
2418:Pulp stone
2362:Meth mouth
2333:Hypodontia
2323:Gemination
2254:Talon cusp
2147:Ulceration
2115:Stomatitis
2093:Pemphigoid
2041:Malignant:
1993:Linea alba
1978:Leukoedema
1958:Herpangina
1926:Giant-cell
1304:and serous
1247:Cylindroma
1232:Oncocytoma
1144:Urogenital
1101:Gastrinoma
1091:Insulinoma
947:Epithelium
284:References
261:metastasis
27:See also:
3568:Carcinoma
3298:Sialocele
3281:Parotitis
3022:Open bite
3017:Crossbite
2795:Cherubism
2765:maxillary
2598:Cementoma
2529:Attrition
2345:Impaction
2313:Fluorosis
2222:Anodontia
2217:Ankylosis
2105:Pemphigus
1725:Glossitis
1620:Cleft lip
1598:Cheilitis
1302:mucinous,
1284:Syringoma
1220:Carcinoid
1172:Endocrine
960:carcinoma
956:Papilloma
890:eMedicine
861:: M8051/3
255:Prognosis
244:Treatment
183:Diagnosis
171:Locations
62:Specialty
3308:Sialosis
3259:Lymphoma
3131:Mucocele
3027:Overbite
2780:Agnathia
2741:Teething
2566:alveolus
2562:cementum
2514:Abrasion
2490:Occlusal
2475:Avulsion
2440:Pulpitis
2384:Odontoma
2130:Herpetic
2120:Aphthous
1630:Eclabium
1420:lobular,
1335:Mucinous
1086:pancreas
1049:Adenomas
895:derm/452
818:28274074
764:24968418
659:30918740
570:11443616
529:14765750
267:See also
221:Subtypes
67:Oncology
3394:Snoring
3352:Bruxism
3188:Benign:
3037:Overjet
2997:Bruxism
2891:Osteoma
2729:Chronic
2554:gingiva
2028:Benign:
1921:Fibroma
1608:Angular
1603:Actinic
1418:Ductal,
1314:general
1300:Cystic,
1242:Apudoma
1021:Thymoma
871:D018289
809:5324519
755:3855215
650:6408996
605:6757186
499:6732584
464:8164156
429:8180579
393:2021541
384:1972357
344:9669801
93:or use
91:tobacco
3136:Ranula
2608:Epulis
2470:Trauma
2318:Fusion
2227:Caries
2200:enamel
2196:dentin
1791:Palate
1679:Tongue
1519:Acinar
1383:Serous
1312:Cystic
1106:VIPoma
1071:tract:
1040:Glands
939:cancer
816:
806:
762:
752:
708:
682:
657:
647:
603:
568:
548:Cancer
527:
497:
462:
427:
391:
381:
342:
322:Cancer
238:atypia
232:, and
69:
3513:Other
2188:Teeth
858:ICD-O
147:Cause
95:snuff
55:penis
3475:Noma
2980:and
2763:and
2568:) –
2192:pulp
1587:Lips
1521:cell
866:MeSH
814:PMID
760:PMID
738:2012
706:ISBN
680:ISBN
655:PMID
631:2019
601:PMID
566:PMID
525:PMID
495:PMID
460:PMID
425:PMID
389:PMID
340:PMID
804:PMC
796:doi
750:PMC
742:doi
645:PMC
635:doi
593:doi
556:doi
487:doi
483:110
452:doi
417:doi
413:29B
379:PMC
371:doi
330:doi
3559::
3339:–
2984:–
2976:,
2564:,
2560:,
2556:,
2198:,
2194:,
1853:–
1456:/
1402:/
1398:/
1394:/
1358:/
893::
869::
812:.
802:.
792:11
790:.
786:.
772:^
758:.
748:.
736:.
732:.
720:^
653:.
643:.
629:.
625:.
613:^
599:.
587:.
564:.
552:92
550:.
546:.
521:26
519:.
507:^
493:.
481:.
458:.
448:23
446:.
423:.
411:.
387:.
377:.
367:63
365:.
361:.
338:.
326:83
324:.
320:.
2828::
2552:(
2202:)
2190:(
1566:e
1559:t
1552:v
1323:/
1192:/
1132:/
1051:/
958:/
930:e
923:t
916:v
850:D
820:.
798::
766:.
744::
714:.
690:.
688:.
661:.
637::
607:.
595::
589:5
572:.
558::
531:.
501:.
489::
466:.
454::
431:.
419::
395:.
373::
346:.
332::
20:)
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