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51:, burden of disease and expenditure. From 2007 to 2008, an estimated 3.4 million Australians were diagnosed with CVD. Cardiovascular disease remains Australia's leading cause of death. In 2009, 46,106 deaths in Australia were directly linked with CVD (21,935 males and 24,171 females); this figure represents a total of 33% of all deaths in Australia. It was reported in 2010 that almost 16% of the total projected burden of disease was a result of CVD. This then made individuals with CVD susceptible to co-morbid conditions later in life, making them "at risk" for depression and anxiety.
100:
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Another team, led by
Bronwyn Kingwell, Head of the Baker Institute's Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, have found a new use for an old drug. The researchers found that after taking the standard anti-hypertensive drug Ramipril, patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which restricts mobility
264:
One of the studies directed by an
Australian-Dutch research team, led by, Karin Jandeleit-Dahm from Harald Schmidt from Maastricht University, Netherlands, has identified the role of an enzyme which accelerates the development of diabetic atherosclerosis. Researchers were able to substantially reduce
260:
Cardiovascular disease kills one
Australian every 11 minutes, and 3·4 million of the country's population are affected, with the Indigenous Australians having a 30% higher rate. In their lifetime, 1·5 million Australians are estimated to have diabetes and one in six Australians are suspected to have
248:
The number and rate of deaths from CVD have fallen considerably from the peak levels experienced in the late 1960s and early 1970s when CVD was responsible for around 60,000 deaths annually, or roughly 55% of all deaths each year. These major gains have been attributed to a combination of research,
199:
A key step to prevent any type of heart disease is addressing the risk factors. Such as not smoking or use of drugs, regular exercising, have healthy diet, maintain healthy weight and have regular health screening to check up on blood pressure. These lifestyle changes reduces the risk of developing
244:
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in
Australia. In 2007-8 about 3.5 million people were diagnosed with heart disease (especially cardiovascular disease). Although there are significant advances in the treatments, heart disease still remains the lead cause of death in Australia especially
174:
Being overweight and obese is very common in
Australia especially children and teens. Almost 69.7% of male and 55.7% of female are overweight. The rate for both men and women of obesity is 27.5% (Australian Bureau of statistics). It is one of the leading cause of heart disease and
165:
Alcohol plays a huge role in
Australian culture and its social circumstance. According to the Australian Bureau of statistics, 87.6% of males and 77.3% of females had consumed alcohol in the past year. Alcohol consumed at a limit, reduces the risk of developing heart disease.
596:
Chenzbraun, A. (2010). Heart disease. Oxford
University Press Retrieved from
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AIHW. (2011). Cardiovascular disease: Australia facts. Canberra: AIHW Retrieved from
107:
According to
Chenzbraun (2010), symptoms of the heart disease varies, and should not be ignored. The symptoms of heart disease are not always intense and varies according to factors such as age and gender. The most common symptoms of heart disease is:
35:
that affects the heart reducing blood supply to the heart. It is also often referred as
Cardiac disease and Coronary heart disease. It is generally a lifelong condition where damage to the artery and blood vessel cannot be cured.
150:
58% of
Australians lack physical activity. Those who undertake low levels of physical activity are at higher risk of developing heart disease. Men were classified as moderately active than women (Nichols & Peterson, 2014).
191:) causes stress to the heart and its function that leads to heart disease. Males experience heart disease caused by hypertension than women. One in five Australians with high blood pressure has heart disease (Nichols, 2014).
249:
improvements in prevention and detection of cardiovascular disease, and better clinical management of people with the disease. There is a close interrelationship between CVD and other important chronic conditions, including
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due to leg pain, enjoyed a longer and less painful time on their feet. For some patients, this could be the difference between living independently and living under the care of others for the rest of their lives.
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This is a major risk factor of heart disease resulting in death. The rate of smoking is low in Australia according to the health survey: 14% of women and 18% of men being daily smokers (Nichols, 2014).
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the development of artery plaques by suppressing or inhibiting this enzyme with a new drug, which will allow prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes.
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460:
72:– when plaques deposits in the coronary artery narrowing the artery reducing the flow of blood to the heart muscle (Newton & Joyce, 2012, p. 75)
307:
Nichols, M., Peterson, K., Alston, L. & Allender, S. (2014). Australian heart disease statistics. Melbourne: National Heart Foundation of Australia.
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Wood, J., & Gordon, P. (2011). Preventing heart disease in women: The NP's role. The Nurse Practitioner. doi: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000410275.21998.b5
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Although there are treatments available to treat heart disease, it is a lifelong condition restricting some daily lifestyle routine and incurable.
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a stroke. The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, based in Melbourne, is one of the most well known cardiovascular disease research institutes.
288:
360:
Waters, A.M.; Trinh, L.; Chau, T.; Bourchier, M.; & Moon, L. (2013). "Latest statistics on cardiovascular disease in Australia".
84:(heart attack) – blockage in the arteries that completely blocks the blood flow to the heart (Newton & Joyce, 2012, p. 76)
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78:– blocked blood vessel in the brain resulting in the brain tissues not receive oxygen (Newton & Joyce, 2012, p. 76)
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66:– damaged heart muscles, therefore, it becomes too weak to pump blood to the body (Newton & Joyce, 2012, p. 74).
90:– the flow of blood supply is slow or absent in veins and arteries in the limbs (Newton & Joyce, 2012, p. 72)
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Newton, J, T. & Joyce, A, P. (2012). Human perspectives 2AB (6th Ed). Australia & New Zealand: E. Gregory.
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Prescribed medications are given to help improve blood flow, low blood pressure and to relax blood vessel walls.
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Nausea – swelling in the abdominal area can interfere with digestion, resulting in lack of appetite.
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Chest pain – uncomfortable sensation of pressure in the chest often entered under the breastbone.
31:, is a major cause of death in Australia. Heart disease is an overall term used for any type of
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Swelling – accumulation of fluids in the body causing the feet, abdomen and leg to swell.
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Kirby, Tony (2 May 2014). "Profile:Australia's Baker Heart Diabetes Institution".
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to have a major impact on the health of
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216:. Procedure to widen the narrowed artery that supplies blood to the heart.
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Deposits of plaque, narrowing the coronary artery blocking the blood flow.
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There are number of conditions that involves the heart such as:
461:"Australian researchers help find way to regrow heart muscle"
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Shortness of breath – irregular pulse and skip of heartbeat
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Fatigue – feeling tired at all times (mostly among women)
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with people in lower socioeconomic groups (AIHW, 2011).
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Bishop, T. (2010). Heart disease. Primary Health Care,
227:, could be done to help dilate the narrowed arteries.
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Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
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is also another way to treat coronary heart disease.
526:"Staff biography, Professor Bronwyn Kingwell"
410:. Australian Government. 2015. Archived from
337:. Australian Government. 2015. Archived from
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408:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
335:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
200:heart disease (Wood & Gordon, 2011).
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300:
440:. Heart Failure Association of the ESC
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620:Diseases and disorders in Australia
530:Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
289:Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
14:
223:A non-surgical procedure called,
115:Dizziness – loss of consciousness
231:Coronary artery bypass surgery
1:
557:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60704-2
155:Excessive alcohol consumption
515:Accessed 21 April 2009 12.35
459:Craig Butt (6 April 2015).
88:Peripheral vascular disease
641:
158:
434:"LOSS OF APPETITE/NAUSEA"
494:Heart Research Australia
404:"Cardiovascular Disease"
331:"Cardiovascular Disease"
43:in terms of prevalence,
438:heartfailurematters.org
374:10.1111/1440-1681.12079
592:http://www.aihw.gov.au
255:chronic kidney disease
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177:cardiovascular disease
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70:Coronary heart disease
55:Types of heart disease
33:Cardiovascular disease
25:Cardiovascular disease
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279:Diabetes in Australia
211:
187:High blood pressure (
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82:Myocardial infarction
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599:http://www.eblib.com
161:Alcohol in Australia
284:Health in Australia
214:balloon angioplasty
183:High blood pressure
146:Physical inactivity
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95:Symptoms and signs
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584:Bibliography
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497:. Retrieved
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487:"Fact Sheet"
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469:. Retrieved
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132:Risk factors
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27:, including
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444:18 February
225:Angioplasty
41:Australians
614:Categories
545:The Lancet
499:2015-04-13
295:References
195:Prevention
170:Overweight
159:See also:
204:Treatment
49:morbidity
45:mortality
573:30552737
565:24779053
418:April 4,
390:37524394
382:23517328
345:April 6,
320:(3), 12.
273:See also
251:diabetes
471:6 April
137:Smoking
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76:Stroke
569:S2CID
490:(PDF)
386:S2CID
561:PMID
473:2015
446:2017
420:2015
378:PMID
347:2015
253:and
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