235:. Hillman suggested that treatment with BCS3-L1 in humans could also provide a lifetime of protection, or, at worst, require occasional re-applications. He stated that the treatment would be available in dentists' offices and "will probably cost less than $ 100." The product was being developed by Oragenics, but was shelved in 2014, citing regulatory concerns and patent issues. In 2016, Oragenics received a 17-year patent for the product. In 2023, the startup Lumina Probiotic began offering BCS3-L1 application in PrĂłspera, Honduras.
25:
147:
of human dental caries. The development of a vaccine for tooth decay has been under investigation since the 1970s. In 1972, a caries vaccine was said to be in animal testing in
England, and that it would have begun human testing soon. However, intrinsic difficulties in developing it, coupled with
148:
lack of strong economic interests, are the reasons why still no such vaccine is commercially available today. Several types of vaccines are being developed at research centres, with some kind of caries vaccines being considered to diminish or prevent dental caries' impact on young people.
299:
colonization and enhanced by safe and effective adjuvants and optimal delivery vehicles, are likely to be forthcoming. Some believe that the rational target for developing an anti-caries vaccine is a protein antigen, which has adherent functional and important immunogenic regions.
198:
as a delivery vehicle. Trials performed in rats showed an increase in antibody response along with a decrease in the amount of
Streptococcus mutans adhering to teeth, leading to significantly fewer cavities observed among the test population.
280:. When applied to a cavity and coming in contact with saliva, this peptide assembles itself in a fibrous matrix or scaffold, attracting calcium and thereby allowing the tooth to regenerate. The Swiss-based company
193:
The
International Associations for Dental Research and American Association for Dental Research announced a study performed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences which looked at using an inhaled vaccine that uses a
907:
Guo, JH; Jia, R; Fan, MW; Bian, Z; Chen, Z; Peng, B (Mar 2004). "Construction and immunogenic characterization of a fusion anti-caries DNA vaccine against PAc and glucosyltransferase I of
Streptococcus mutans".
330:
2045:
442:
1193:
676:
1082:
809:
1233:
1228:
778:
995:
707:
334:
1625:
458:"Effects of Local Immunization with Streptococcus mutans on Induction of Salivary Immunoglobulin A Antibody and Experimental Dental Caries in Rats"
507:"Second-generation Flagellin-rPAc Fusion Protein, KFD2-rPAc, Shows High Protective Efficacy against Dental Caries with Low Potential Side Effects"
223:– and aggressively replaces native flora. In laboratory tests, rats who were given BCS3-L1 were conferred with a lifetime of protection against
1243:
314:
bacteriophages as a form of treatment for caries has been considered, as they are capable of maintaining persistent stability in human saliva.
2096:
2024:
261:
from binding to enamel. However, it is not a long-term vaccination in that no attempt is being made to have a self-sustaining population of
1630:
505:
Yang, Jingyi; Sun, Ying; Bao, Rong; Zhou, Dihan; Yang, Yi; Cao, Yuan; Yu, Jie; Zhao, Bali; Li, Yaoming; Yan, Huimin; Zhong, Maohua (2017).
1662:
1345:
1198:
2072:
1414:
1384:
1017:
1484:
295:
approaches for dental cavities have had a history of success in animal models. Dental cavity vaccines directed to key components of
108:
242:
strain escapes into the blood, potentially causing dangerous heart infections. It is unclear how likely BCS3-L1 is to do the same.
46:
39:
2051:
1026:
1635:
284:
has licensed the peptide and launched a product called
Curodont Repair in 2013. Recent studies show a positive clinical effect.
1672:
1640:
1469:
1419:
1730:
333:. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institute of Health. January 28, 2003. Archived from
1340:
89:
61:
1528:
1238:
2113:
683:
68:
832:
612:
Hillman, Jeffrey D. (August 2002). "Genetically modified
Streptococcus mutans for the prevention of dental caries".
1650:
1092:
1075:
786:
35:
1700:
75:
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1615:
1610:
728:
2101:
2034:
2015:
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57:
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2011:
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436:
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1318:
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982:
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637:
424:
277:
269:
population would be frequently replenished through use of a chewing gum containing the organism.
874:
Schlee, M.; Rathe, F.; Huck, T.; Schad, T.; Koch, J.H.; Tjaden, A.; Bommer, C. (19 July 2014).
281:
2140:
2039:
2006:
1985:
1839:
1680:
1570:
1464:
1325:
1150:
1113:
1003:
974:
925:
824:
629:
544:
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1965:
1950:
1806:
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1580:
964:
917:
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758:
621:
534:
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195:
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82:
1970:
1768:
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1203:
1142:
1138:
1087:
187:
951:
G. Bachrach; M. Leizerovici-Zigmond; A. Zlotkin; R. Naor; D. Steinberg (December 2002).
522:
2107:
1834:
1725:
1685:
1565:
1391:
1330:
539:
506:
405:
Richie, Chhabra; Karan, Rajpal (Jan 2016). "Caries vaccine: A boom for public health".
382:
357:
482:
457:
2134:
1990:
1975:
1945:
1940:
1795:
1558:
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1298:
1097:
969:
952:
655:
250:
130:
986:
937:
677:"Wall Street Journal Interview with Oragenics' CEO, Dr. John Bonfiglio - Transcript"
641:
428:
2067:
1710:
1605:
1538:
1479:
1303:
1159:
1050:
1030:
810:"THE SELF-ASSEMBLING PEPTIDE, P11-4 AS A SCAFFOLD FOR USE IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE"
473:
220:
708:"Oragenics Receives New Patent for Improved Replacement Therapy for Dental Caries"
856:
1854:
1844:
1705:
1511:
1506:
1424:
1399:
1367:
1293:
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1038:
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228:
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24:
921:
530:
1980:
1955:
1645:
1595:
892:
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625:
828:
419:
2029:
1600:
1473:
1042:
978:
929:
763:
746:
633:
548:
373:
156:
Early attempts followed a traditional approach to vaccination where normal
491:
391:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1829:
1585:
1521:
1516:
161:
160:
was introduced to promote a reaction from the immune system, stimulating
144:
1590:
1352:
1034:
590:
126:
876:"Klinischer Effekt biomimetischer Mineralisation bei Approximalkaries"
1893:
1878:
1169:
1888:
1773:
1379:
1313:
276:
has also begun researching a recently discovered peptide known as
1188:
246:
999:
227:. BCS3-L1 colonizes the mouth and produces a small amount of a
18:
207:
On a different line of research, Jeffrey
Hillman from the
2060:
1999:
1931:
1822:
1794:
1761:
1435:
1266:
1259:
1178:
1106:
1058:
857:"New Treatment Fixes Tooth Decay Without Drilling"
808:S Kyle; A Aggeli; M J McPherson; E Ingham (2008).
656:"Genetically modified bacteria may prevent caries"
2046:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
779:"Breakthrough could make dental drills obsolete"
456:Martin A. Taubman; Daniel J. Smith (June 1974).
231:, called MU1140, which allows it to out-compete
585:
583:
215:called BCS3-L1, that is incapable of producing
186:, applied once every several months. Phase II
1011:
407:Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
8:
441:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (
953:"Bacteriophage isolation from human saliva"
211:developed a genetically modified strain of
1263:
1018:
1004:
996:
968:
891:
762:
538:
481:
418:
381:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
322:
434:
45:Please improve this article by adding
16:Vaccine protecting against tooth decay
245:Another approach is being pursued by
7:
729:"Wash that mouth out with bacteria!"
143:) has been identified as the major
2073:Eradication of infectious diseases
1830:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
203:Attempts using replacement therapy
14:
1663:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
2052:Alternative vaccination schedule
1027:Artificial induction of immunity
970:10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01262.x
563:"This Germ Could Save Your Life"
362:Archives of Disease in Childhood
178:, branded CaroRx, produced with
23:
957:Letters in Applied Microbiology
129:to prevent and protect against
1884:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
817:European Cells & Materials
785:. 9 April 2011. Archived from
474:10.1128/IAI.9.6.1079-1091.1974
249:, focused on replacing native
1:
1420:Group B streptococcal disease
1239:Vaccines for Children Program
747:"Chewing gum with added bite"
356:Bowen, W.H. (December 1972).
238:On rare occasions the native
47:secondary or tertiary sources
682:. April 2014. Archived from
658:. HealthMantra. January 2002
253:flora with a variety dubbed
190:were discontinued in 2016.
2167:
922:10.1177/154405910408300316
910:Journal of Dental Research
531:10.1038/s41598-017-10247-8
265:. The intent is that the
219:– the acid that dissolves
2091:
893:10.1007/s00715-014-0335-4
331:"Panel on Caries Vaccine"
152:Attempts using antibodies
1415:Clostridioides difficile
420:10.4103/1755-6783.168715
182:tobacco plants. It is a
1673:Tick-borne encephalitis
626:10.1023/A:1020695902160
614:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
423:(inactive 2024-06-22).
304:Bacteriophage treatment
2083:List of vaccine topics
1083:Mathematical modelling
764:10.1038/sj.bdj.4814014
751:British Dental Journal
462:Infection and Immunity
374:10.1136/adc.47.256.849
34:relies excessively on
2078:Vaccinate Your Family
1529:Japanese encephalitis
591:"Replacement Therapy"
311:Enterococcus faecalis
209:University of Florida
1961:John Franklin Enders
213:Streptococcus mutans
168:Planet Biotechnology
136:Streptococcus mutans
1147:Virus-like particle
1071:Vaccine ingredients
523:2017NatSR...711191Y
274:University of Leeds
184:therapeutic vaccine
172:monoclonal antibody
2118:Never to phase III
1917:Hexavalent vaccine
1731:Epstein–Barr virus
1626:Oxford–AstraZeneca
1319:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
511:Scientific Reports
2128:
2127:
2040:Vaccines and SIDS
1927:
1926:
1701:Hepatitis A and B
1677:Varicella zoster
1139:Subunit/component
863:. 24 August 2011.
789:on 17 August 2016
569:. 31 January 2008
257:, which prevents
145:etiological agent
119:
118:
111:
93:
2158:
2019:MMR autism fraud
1966:Maurice Hilleman
1951:Hilary Koprowski
1264:
1020:
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1006:
997:
991:
990:
972:
948:
942:
941:
904:
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886:(4–5): 175–181.
871:
865:
864:
861:Science Business
853:
847:
846:
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843:
837:
831:. Archived from
814:
805:
799:
798:
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775:
769:
768:
766:
757:(5): 255. 2006.
743:
737:
736:
735:. 18 March 2000.
725:
719:
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698:
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695:
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688:
681:
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667:
666:
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620:(1–4): 361–366.
609:
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578:
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559:
553:
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468:(6): 1079–1091.
453:
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385:
353:
347:
346:
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196:protein filament
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
58:"Caries vaccine"
51:
27:
19:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2160:
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2157:
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2155:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2108:Clinical trials
2087:
2056:
1995:
1971:Stanley Plotkin
1933:
1923:
1835:Cancer vaccines
1818:
1812:Schistosomiasis
1790:
1784:Trypanosomiasis
1757:
1721:Cytomegalovirus
1631:Pfizer–BioNTech
1431:
1255:
1204:Vaccine wastage
1174:
1102:
1054:
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593:. ONI Biopharma
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567:Popular Science
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368:(256): 849–53.
358:"Dental caries"
355:
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329:
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324:
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188:clinical trials
154:
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40:primary sources
28:
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12:
11:
5:
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2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
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1993:
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1986:Katalin KarikĂł
1983:
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1968:
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1741:Herpes simplex
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1641:Sinopharm BIBP
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1591:Bharat Biotech
1588:
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1222:
1221:
1219:Vaccine injury
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1182:
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1179:Administration
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1000:
993:
992:
943:
916:(3): 266–270.
899:
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783:Healthier Talk
770:
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604:
579:
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321:
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289:
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267:L. anti-caries
263:L. anti-caries
255:L. anti-caries
204:
201:
153:
150:
123:caries vaccine
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2008:
2005:
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2002:
1998:
1992:
1991:Drew Weissman
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1982:
1979:
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1976:H. Fred Clark
1974:
1972:
1969:
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1964:
1962:
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1946:Louis Pasteur
1944:
1942:
1941:Edward Jenner
1939:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:DTwP-HepB-Hib
1910:
1908:
1907:DTaP-IPV-HepB
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:combination:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1873:
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1866:
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1801:
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1796:Helminthiasis
1793:
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1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:combination:
1696:
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1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
1398:
1397:
1396:combination:
1395:
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1309:Meningococcus
1307:
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1299:Leptospirosis
1297:
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1234:Vaccine court
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1189:GAVI Alliance
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838:on 2016-03-04
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2068:Epidemiology
2044:
2016:
1902:DTaP-IPV/Hib
1693:Yellow fever
1606:EpiVacCorona
1363:Tuberculosis
1336:Pneumococcal
1304:Lyme disease
1132:Heterologous
1031:Immunization
963:(1): 50–53.
960:
956:
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909:
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883:
880:Stomatologie
879:
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860:
851:
840:. Retrieved
833:the original
820:
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791:. Retrieved
787:the original
782:
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733:Science News
732:
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711:. Retrieved
702:
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684:the original
671:
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595:. Retrieved
571:. Retrieved
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517:(1): 11191.
514:
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437:cite journal
410:
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339:. Retrieved
335:the original
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288:DNA vaccines
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221:tooth enamel
212:
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170:developed a
166:
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105:
96:
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79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
2151:Tooth decay
2104:from market
2000:Controversy
1934:researchers
1850:Hepatitis B
1736:Hepatitis C
1681:Chicken pox
1507:Hepatitis E
1502:Hepatitis B
1497:Hepatitis A
1448:Chikungunya
1425:Shigellosis
1279:Brucellosis
1165:Therapeutic
1119:Inactivated
1059:Development
1047:Inoculation
1039:Vaccination
308:The use of
293:DNA vaccine
229:lantibiotic
217:lactic acid
131:tooth decay
2135:Categories
2035:Thiomersal
1981:Paul Offit
1956:Jonas Salk
1932:Inventors/
1803:research:
1780:research:
1717:research:
1646:Skycovione
1636:Sanofi–GSK
1581:SARS-CoV-2
1492:Hantavirus
1458:rVSV-ZEBOV
1443:Adenovirus
1411:research:
1289:Diphtheria
1127:Attenuated
842:2013-05-27
693:2014-05-01
662:2006-12-18
573:2016-09-20
413:(1): 1–3.
318:References
180:transgenic
99:April 2024
69:newspapers
36:references
2146:Dentistry
2114:Phase III
2102:Withdrawn
2030:Pox party
1840:ALVAC-CEA
1762:Protozoan
1651:Sputnik V
1601:CoronaVac
1571:Rotavirus
1474:Pandemrix
1326:Pertussis
1267:Bacterial
1151:Synthetic
1114:Conjugate
1066:Adjuvants
1043:Infection
829:1473-2262
823:(3): 70.
713:8 January
597:6 January
297:S. mutans
282:Credentis
259:S. mutans
240:S. mutans
233:S. mutans
225:S. mutans
176:S. mutans
158:S. mutans
141:S. mutans
2141:Vaccines
1872:Prostvac
1865:Gardasil
1860:Cervarix
1807:Hookworm
1686:Shingles
1668:Smallpox
1586:Corbevax
1522:Gardasil
1517:Cervarix
1260:Vaccines
1214:Schedule
1185:Global:
1093:Timeline
1035:Vaccines
987:34349845
979:12485342
938:46360161
930:14981132
642:11066428
634:12369203
549:28894188
429:57200550
341:14 April
174:against
162:antibody
2061:Related
2007:General
1769:Malaria
1656:Valneva
1621:Novavax
1616:Moderna
1611:Janssen
1596:CanSino
1576:Rubella
1534:Measles
1405:Td/Tdap
1375:Typhoid
1358:Tetanus
1353:Q fever
1284:Cholera
1274:Anthrax
1143:Peptide
1107:Classes
1088:Storage
540:5593867
519:Bibcode
492:4545425
392:4567073
383:1648396
127:vaccine
83:scholar
2097:WHO-EM
2017:Lancet
1894:TA-NIC
1879:NicVAX
1726:Dengue
1566:Rabies
1392:Typhus
1331:Plague
1209:Policy
1170:Toxoid
1098:Trials
985:
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793:27 May
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2025:NCVIA
1889:TA-CD
1823:Other
1774:RTS,S
1554:Sabin
1549:Polio
1544:Mumps
1453:Ebola
1436:Viral
1385:ViCPS
1380:Ty21a
1314:MeNZB
1244:VAERS
1194:NITAG
1123:Live
983:S2CID
934:S2CID
836:(PDF)
813:(PDF)
687:(PDF)
680:(PDF)
638:S2CID
425:S2CID
278:P11-4
125:is a
90:JSTOR
76:books
1751:Zika
1711:MMRV
1559:Salk
1539:Mpox
1485:LAIV
1480:H5N1
1470:H1N1
1346:PPSV
1229:ACIP
1225:US:
1199:SAGE
1160:mRNA
1076:list
975:PMID
926:PMID
825:ISSN
795:2013
715:2017
630:PMID
599:2009
545:PMID
488:PMID
443:link
388:PMID
343:2008
272:The
247:BASF
62:news
2012:MMR
1855:HPV
1845:BCG
1746:HIV
1706:MMR
1512:HPV
1465:Flu
1368:BCG
1341:PCV
1294:Hib
1249:VSD
1156:DNA
1051:J07
965:doi
918:doi
888:doi
884:111
759:doi
755:201
622:doi
535:PMC
527:doi
478:PMC
470:doi
415:doi
378:PMC
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