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Chavez said his prior research showed chimps’ and baboons’ blood types most closely matched humans’. The procedure took place on
January 23, and for a short time, the transplanted heart beat normally But by one hour after the cardiopulmonary bypass machine was removed, two hours following the
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After about 15 years of teaching in
Jackson, he began to yearn for private practice. “The only opportunity left for me (at the University of Mississippi) was department chairman, held by Dr. Hardy. It didn’t seem as though he would be stepping down any time soon.”
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By the spring of 1963, the doctors began cautiously planning for a heart transplant. On
January 22, 1964 a 68-year-old man was admitted to the hospital in a coma with no detectable blood pressure... thus his life expectancy was measured in hours.
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A potential donor was a man with severe brain injury, his breathing supported by a ventilator. Doctors were reluctant, however, to remove from life support because his blood pressure was stable, so an alternate donor was found; a chimpanzee.
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Chavez visited leading medical centers around the country to learn from their trials and errors, and determine which animals could potentially be the best donors. A donated human heart would have been almost unthinkable at that time.
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As a young doctor in 1962, Chavez went to the
University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson for post-graduate training in cardiovascular medicine. "The thrust of research at that time was going toward transplantation," he said.
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Only a few anti-rejection medicines were available to doctors at that time. The doctors surmised the heart may have been too small and that the patient too weak before surgery for the transplant to take place.
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Chavez C, Hardy J. (1968). The first heart transplant in man. Developmental animal investigations with analysis of the 1964 case in the light of current clinical experience. American
Journal of Cardiology,
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Transplant research began at the
University of Mississippi Medical Center’s labs in 1956, investigating operative techniques, organ storage and preservation, post-operative management and other problems.
261:, presented Chavez with a Scientific Award silver medal for his exhibit on transplantation in 1965. He also received an Honor Achievement Award from the Angiology Research foundation in 1968.
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Chavez C, Hardy J. (1969). The first heart transplant in man: historical reexamination of the 1964 case in the light of current clinical experience. Transplant
Procedures, Jun;1(2):717-25.
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237:, had proven heart transplantation in humans could be done. Their effort was overshadowed in history by the more noteworthy first human-to-human heart transplant by
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Chavez forsook private practicing for a while, and devoted his energies to teaching. He had served as chief instructor of
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139:(born 25 December 1931) is a cardiovascular and thoracic surgeon best known for his participation in the first-ever human
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and remains active in medicine, although has not performed any transplant work in recent years.
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removal of the clamps; effective blood pressure could no longer be maintained.
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Petrovskii B. (1968). (Article in
Russian). Kardiologiia, Jun;8(6):3-6
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Stoner, J. (1995). Chavez on team of first-ever heart transplant.
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226:"The body went into acute rejection of the heart," Chavez said.
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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transplant. He was also the first surgeon to perform a
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At about the same time, a friend who was practicing in
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295:In 1982, Chavez moved again, this time to
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397:National University of San Marcos alumni
192:University of Mississippi Medical Center
180:Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
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194:and completed his residency in 1961.
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186:in the late 1950s and moved to the
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387:People from Brownsville, Texas
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392:Texas Tech University faculty
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233:But Chavez and his mentor,
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272:in his native Lima, Peru.
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322:The Brownsville Herald
145:coronary artery bypass
73:"Carlos Manuel Chávez"
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290:Texas Tech University
176:Nazario Chávez Aliaga
235:James D. Hardy, M.D.
137:Carlos Manuel Chávez
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166:Chavez was born in
297:Brownsville, Texas
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