1490:
custom, the report of which is due to Father Morice. According to
Lizette Hall's (1992) father, Louie-Billy Prince, who had been Father Morice's houseboy and knew him well, Father Morice pestered the Dakelh so persistently on the origin of the name that they finally told him the story about widows carrying ashes to satisfy him. An alternative hypothesis is that it refers to the fact that the Dakelh, unlike the Sekani, participated in trade with the coast, which required packing loads of goods over the
650:, located over 130 sites of importance to Cheslatta T'en history. They conducted more intensive investigations prior to the flooding of the area. The damming triggered "devastating changes for First Nations communities whose traditional territories lay in their path, including the destruction of Aboriginal gravesites, territories, livelihoods, and archaeological sites." In 1957, Alcan opened the spillway gate to Skin's Lake, desecrating Cheslatta graves, which came to public attention during the
531:, plants play a relatively minor role as food, though the sacredness of plants are appreciated by Dakelh people. The Dakelhe are familiar with and occasionally use a variety of edible plants. Plants are used extensively for medicine. Winter activity is more limited, with some hunting, trapping, and fishing under the ice. Although many Dakelh now have jobs and otherwise participate in the non-traditional economy, fish, game, and berries still constitute a major portion of the diet.
695:
41:
1489:
for the Dakelh, of which the
English name is a translation, is that it refers to the distinctive Dakelh mortuary practice in which a widow carried her husband's ashes on her back during the period of mourning. One problem for this hypothesis is that there is little evidence of the existence of this
534:
The Dakelh engaged in extensive trade with the coast along trails known as "grease trails". The items exported consisted primarily of hides, dried meat, and mats of dried berries. Imports consisted of various marine products, the most important of which was "grease", the oil extracted from
539:(also known as "candlefish") by allowing them to rot, adding boiling water, and skimming off the oil. This oil is extremely nutritious and, unlike many other fats, contains desirable fatty acids. Other important imports were smoked eulachons and dried
478:
The traditional Dakelh way of life is based on a seasonal round, with the greatest activity in the summer when berries are gathered and fish caught and preserved. The mainstay of the economy is centered on harvesting activities within each family
1720:‟waters within each other”, due to the fact that for a considerable distance after the Nechako enters the Fraser one can see the distinct streams, which differ in colour due to the different amounts of silt they carry.
427:, mostly via the Fraser River. The climate is continental, with cold winters during which the rivers and lakes freeze over and a short growing season. The area is hilly, with mountains of modest size. The
462:
strong warrior nation (with political influence from the
Similkameen region in the south (of British Columbia), the Pacific coast in the west, and the Rocky Mountains in the east)
639:
431:
form the eastern boundary of the Dakelh territories, but the Dakelh are not very familiar with the foothills because that area in recent times has been occupied by the
646:
and the
British Columbia Ministry of Education to undertake salvage archaeology at the "Carrier Indian site". In 1951, Borden and his protégé, anthropology student
1913:
487:, territory, village, trapline) under the leadership of a hereditary chief, known as a Keyoh holder or keyoh-whudachun. Fish, especially the several varieties of
177:, Canada, for whom Carrier has been a common English name derived from French explorers naming of the people. Dakelh people speak two related languages. One,
1767:
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and
Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47–68, page 62
1758:
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and
Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47–68, page 60
657:
In 1951, Borden began survey and excavation of the site and returned to work there every summer until he retired in 1970. His final article published in
543:. "Grease" and smoked eulachons are still considered by many to be delicacies and are prized gifts from visitors from the west. The route by which Sir
423:
Dakelh territories are for the most part sub-boreal forest, dotted with numerous lakes. There are numerous rivers, all ultimately draining into the
651:
1348:
1655:
1619:
1600:
1545:
1843:
523:
provided meat, fur for clothing, and bone for tools. Other fur-bearing animals are trapped to some extent, but until the advent of the
143:
1853:
742:
1411:
1098:
983:
955:
932:
839:
1809:
876:
780:
309:
234:, "People of the Wet'sinkwha/Wa Dzun Kwuh River, i.e. Bulkley River", lit: "People of the blue and green River"; also known as
1404:
1273:
1470:
720:
544:
1826:
883:
265:
1367:
1322:
1288:
1261:
1103:
1066:
1044:
1039:
1011:
904:
899:
459:
357:
321:
273:
1565:
1327:
1293:
1154:
1016:
1353:
816:
1386:
1023:
988:
849:
317:
174:
147:
1465:
along with variant spellings. This is a linguistically naive adaptation of the phonetic notation used by Father
1827:"Review of Susan Roy's These Mysterious People: Shaping History and Archaeology in a Northwest Coast Community"
1182:
844:
705:
911:
1398:
1380:
1242:
995:
960:
857:
724:
716:
709:
683:
325:
170:
1374:
1300:
664:
224:, “people” to village names or locations to refer to specific groups (e.g., Tl’azt’en, Wet’suwet’en). the
1392:
1051:
1890:
1466:
1428:
1110:
1082:
967:
799:
634:
shifted his attention toward urgent salvage archaeology in
Nechako Canyon after learning of the planned
631:
575:
1343:
1312:
1283:
1252:
1223:
1198:
1174:
1146:
764:
178:
1559:. Illustrated by Ronald Cahoose. Anahim Lake, BC: Ulkatcho Cultural Curriculum Development Committee.
1433:
1418:
1165:
823:
768:
512:
447:
fall within Wit'suwit'en territory. Farther south, 'Ulkatcho people share the Coast Range with the
1540:. Illustrated by Ronald Cahoose. Anahim Lake: Ulkatcho Cultural Curriculum Development Committee.
527:, such trapping is a minor activity. With the exception of berries and the sap and cambium of the
1438:
1189:
1135:
659:
444:
377:
1231:
927:
226:
108:
1031:"People of the peninsula, lit. People of Stella(koh) Village” (formerly Stellaquo Indian Band)
1849:
1667:
Traplines and Timber: Social and
Economic Change among the Carrier Indians of British Columbia
1651:
1634:
1615:
1596:
1541:
1423:
975:"People from downstream" or "People from where the three rivers meet" (formerly Quesnel Band)
939:
492:
455:
1629:
Goldman, Irving (1940). "The
Alkatcho Carrier of British Columbia". In Linton, Ralph (ed.).
1503:
1316:
1120:
1093:
1061:
1034:
1006:
978:
950:
922:
894:
868:
834:
808:
760:
676:
269:
151:
78:
74:
61:
204:, people who “travel upon water”, lit. "people who travel by boat early in the morning", a
1908:
1256:
552:
440:
428:
385:
373:
329:
46:
551:
by land was, from the Fraser River westward, a grease trail. Other examples include the
158:("the people on the land"), the Babine-Witsuwitʼen-speaking bands prefer the equivalent
1442:
1214:
1075:
528:
463:
413:
405:
381:
369:
341:
116:
1845:
These
Mysterious People Shaping History and Archaeology in a Northwest Coast Community
252:) peoples are a branch of the Dakelh/Carrier people, and have been referred to as the
1902:
1513:
1235:
1207:
548:
424:
389:
120:
1678:. Vol. 6: Subarctic. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 413–432.
1491:
638:
reservoir that would flood the canyon, a large part of Dakelh hunting territory in
591:
448:
409:
301:
1884:
40:
1834:
1518:
1508:
1158:
1128:
1071:
694:
647:
563:
365:
333:
1266:
556:
397:
349:
205:
17:
1334:
595:
587:
524:
496:
1876:
919:"People from where the Stuart River begins to flow, i.e. from Stuart Lake"
1580:
599:
547:
and his party reached the Pacific Ocean in 1793 in the first crossing of
540:
536:
134:
614:
610:
606:
500:
90:
1469:. The first written reference to Dakelh people, in the journal of Sir
1748:. Fort St. James, BC: Carrier Linguistic Committee. 1973. p. 76.
1457:
In some of the literature Dakelh people are known by the French term
635:
520:
516:
488:
451:
240:
112:
663:
in 1979 was based on excavations of early microblade assemblages at
495:
and stored for the winter in large numbers. Hunting and trapping of
1697:
947:"People along the river flowing from the south, i.e. Nazko River"
643:
504:
480:
297:
1638:
1523:
432:
281:
277:
103:
1566:"Carrier Sekani Self-Government in Context: Land and Resources"
1883:
688:
508:
154:, Canada. Another name the Dakelh/Carrier call themselves is
630:
In the late 1940s, University of British Columbia professor
272:, is a member of the Central British Columbia branch of the
1674:
Tobey, Margaret L. (1981). "Carrier". In Helm, June (ed.).
1669:(PhD dissertation thesis). Edmonton: University of Alberta.
891:"People of the (salmon) run, i.e. along the Nautley River"
1732:
Saik'uz Whut'en Hubughunek (Stoney Creek Carrier Lexicon)
1877:
Bibliography of Materials on Carrier Culture and History
1869:
773:
185:. The other includes what are sometimes referred to as
594:
for stomach pain. The Southern Carrier use a strong
1775:
1773:
1593:
Dakelh keyoh: The Southern Carrier in Earlier Times
1485:The received view of the origin of the Sekani name
96:
84:
68:
54:
865:"People of the confluence, i.e. of Prince George"
1612:Changing Ways: Southern Carrier History 1793-1940
605:A full list of their ethnobotany can be found at
1848:. McGill/Queen's University Press. p. 240.
1633:. New York: Appleton-Century. pp. 333–389.
998:(Saik'uzwhut'en / Saik'uẕ Whut'enne, ᙓᐉᗽᙆᗘᗥᐣ)
831:"the half or side of the white fish is white"
1631:Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes
308:– "rivers within one another") from north of
288:is the common Athabaskan word for "people").
8:
1003:"Stony Creek Village People", "on the sand"
33:
1538:'Ulkatchot'en : the people of Ulkatcho
723:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
39:
32:
743:Learn how and when to remove this message
1614:. Quesnel, BC: Quesnel School District.
1595:. Quesnel, BC: Quesnel School District.
759:or Dakelh includes speakers of both the
1689:
970:(Nak'azdlit'en, ᘇᘀᙆᘬᗥᐣ, or Lhtakot’en)
886:(Nadleht'en / Nadleh Whut'enne, ᘇᘫᑋᗥᐣ)
652:Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
248:, "Lake Babine People"; also known as
133:
1914:Northern Interior of British Columbia
1812:. Canadian Archaeological Association
1734:(6th ed.). Saik'uz First Nation.
1557:Ulkatcho: Stories of the Grease Trail
1090:“fat of the land” or "fertile place"
642:. In 1951, he received funding from
396:– "Rocky Mountain whitefish place"),
7:
1894:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
721:adding citations to reliable sources
615:http://naeb.brit.org/uses/tribes/29/
611:http://naeb.brit.org/uses/tribes/28/
607:http://naeb.brit.org/uses/tribes/27/
175:Central Interior of British Columbia
55:Regions with significant populations
1791:
1779:
1698:"The Yinka Déné Language Institute"
1445:people is also a member of the CCTC
1676:Handbook of North American Indians
25:
1882:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1461:. Another term sometimes seen is
1449:The other bands are independent.
1825:Knickerbocker, Madeline (2012).
1412:Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council
1099:Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council
1026:(Stellat'en / Stella Whut'enne)
984:Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council
956:Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council
840:Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council
693:
775:
763:proper and its sister language
1058:People of the end of the lake
45:Communities living within the
1:
1650:. Quesnel, BC: Lizette Hall.
1368:Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
1323:Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
1289:Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
1262:Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
1067:Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
1040:Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
1012:Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
900:Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
675:The Carrier people speak the
274:Northern Athabaskan languages
1870:Carrier Sekani First Nations
460:Northern Athabaskan speaking
316:– "confluence") to south of
181:is sometimes referred to as
162:("the people on the land").
1842:Roy, Susan (October 2010).
1665:Hudson, Douglas R. (1983).
1610:Furniss, Elizabeth (1993).
1591:Furniss, Elizabeth (1993).
884:Nadleh Whut'en First Nation
372:, and the region along the
266:Babine-Witsuwitʼen language
1930:
1730:Poser, William J. (2010).
1301:Ts’il Kaz Koh First Nation
1138:(Nat'oot'en / Nadot'enne)
364:– "(fish) run lake"), and
296:Dakelh territories called
146:of a large portion of the
1746:Plants of Carrier Country
1555:Birchwater, Sage (1991).
1536:Birchwater, Sage (1991).
1410:Four bands belong to the
1405:Wet'suwet'en First Nation
1303:(Burns Lake Indian Band)
1274:Wet'suwet'en First Nation
300:, include the area along
101:
89:
73:
59:
38:
1808:Carlson, Roy L. (1978).
914:(Nak'azdlit'en, ᘇᘀᙆᘬᗥᐣ)
800:Cheslatta Carrier Nation
574:They use the berries of
1579:: 21–67. Archived from
1399:Takla Lake First Nation
1387:Stellat'en First Nation
1243:Takla Lake First Nation
1024:Stellat'en First Nation
877:Prince George (Lheidli)
679:, which is endangered.
590:of the entire plant of
582:Plants used medicinally
268:which, like its sister
1648:The Carrier, My People
1646:Hall, Lizette (1992).
1524:Chief Kwah (aka Kw'eh)
1375:Burns Lake Indian Band
570:Plants used in cuisine
452:Nuxalkmc (Bella Coola)
404:– "bucket lake"), the
356:– "load after lake"),
340:– "Mount Pope lake"),
276:. They belong to the
1891:Catholic Encyclopedia
1833:(174). Archived from
1467:Adrien-Gabriel Morice
1429:Red Bluff Indian Band
1366:Seven bands form the
1143:"Babine Lake People"
1117:mouth of Yekoh River
1111:Yekooche First Nation
1083:Ulkatcho First Nation
968:Red Bluff Indian Band
912:Nak'azdli Indian Band
860:(Lheidlit'en, ᘱᐉᘬᗥᐣ)
848:(band offices are in
632:Charles Edward Borden
576:Vaccinium vitis-idaea
420:– "Peak Rock Lake").
348:– "day after lake"),
97:Related ethnic groups
1564:Brown, Doug (2002).
1434:Ulkatcho Indian Band
1381:Saik'uz First Nation
996:Saik'uz First Nation
858:Lheidli T'enneh Band
769:endangered languages
767:, both of which are
717:improve this section
198:"Dakelh / Dakelh-ne"
1471:Alexander MacKenzie
1419:Kluskus Indian Band
1276:(Whutsot'en, ᗘᙢᗥᐣ)
1166:Witset First Nation
824:Kluskus Indian Band
755:As an ethnic term,
626:Salvage archaeology
545:Alexander MacKenzie
332:, the areas around
278:Northern Athabascan
35:
1810:"Charles E Borden"
1439:Toosey Indian Band
1344:Babine-Witsuwit'en
1313:Babine-Witsuwit'en
1284:Babine-Witsuwit'en
1253:Babine-Witsuwit'en
1224:Babine-Witsuwit'en
1199:Babine-Witsuwit'en
1190:Nee Tahi Buhn Band
1175:Babine-Witsuwit'en
1147:Babine-Witsuwit'en
1136:Lake Babine Nation
765:Babine-Witsuwit'en
445:Hazelton Mountains
418:Tsetl'adak Bunk'ut
378:Hazelton Mountains
320:and including the
264:, dialects of the
179:Babine-Witsuwit'en
1657:978-0-9696211-0-2
1621:978-0-9693638-9-7
1602:978-0-9693638-8-0
1573:Western Geography
1547:978-0-9695308-0-0
1481:Etymology of name
1424:Nazko Indian Band
1359:
1358:
1349:Hereditary Chiefs
940:Nazko Indian Band
753:
752:
745:
541:red laver seaweed
456:Chilcotin Plateau
454:and the northern
241:Babine (Nadot'en)
220:, “people of” or
144:indigenous people
126:
125:
16:(Redirected from
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1887:
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1473:, uses the term
1393:Tl'azt'en Nation
1249:end of the lake
1085:(‘Ulkatchot’en)
1052:Tl'azt'en Nation
826:(Lhoosk’uzt’en)
774:
748:
741:
737:
734:
728:
697:
689:
677:Carrier language
388:, including the
250:Northern Carrier
216:). The suffixes
191:Southern Carrier
183:Northern Carrier
152:British Columbia
148:Central Interior
137:
135:[tákʰɛɬ]
62:British Columbia
43:
36:
21:
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1885:"Takkali"
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1362:Tribal councils
989:Quesnel (Genel)
850:Quesnel (Genel)
847:
791:Tribal Council
761:Dakelh language
749:
738:
732:
729:
714:
698:
687:
673:
640:Tweedsmuir Park
628:
623:
602:as an eyewash.
598:of the root of
584:
572:
567:
553:Cheslatta Trail
476:
441:Coast Mountains
439:). Part of the
429:Rocky Mountains
386:Coast Mountains
374:West Road River
330:Nechako Country
294:
270:Dakelh language
262:Babine/Nedut'en
254:Western Carrier
236:Western Carrier
187:Central Carrier
106:
50:
47:Dakelh language
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529:lodgepole pine
475:
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414:Cheslatta Lake
382:Kitimat Ranges
376:, west to the
370:Bulkley Valley
342:Trembleur Lake
293:
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173:people of the
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1514:Mary John Sr.
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1492:Grease Trails
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1311:Mixed Dakelh-
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1233:
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702:This section
700:
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589:
581:
579:
578:to make jam.
577:
569:
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562:
560:
558:
554:
550:
549:North America
546:
542:
538:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
473:
471:
469:
466:(Chilkot'in,
465:
461:
457:
453:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Pacific Ocean
421:
419:
415:
411:
410:Fawnie Ranges
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:Kluskus Lakes
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:Prince George
307:
303:
299:
291:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:. They speak
255:
251:
247:
244:(Nadot'enne,
243:
242:
237:
233:
230:(Whutsot'en,
229:
228:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:First Nations
169:people are a
168:
163:
161:
160:Yinka Whut'en
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
131:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
100:
95:
92:
88:
83:
80:
76:
72:
67:
63:
58:
53:
48:
42:
37:
19:
1889:
1844:
1835:the original
1830:
1814:. Retrieved
1787:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1716:
1705:. Retrieved
1702:www.ydli.org
1701:
1692:
1675:
1666:
1647:
1630:
1611:
1592:
1581:the original
1576:
1572:
1556:
1537:
1530:Bibliography
1486:
1484:
1474:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1409:
1365:
1228:Independent
1203:Independent
1179:Independent
1151:Independent
1125:Independent
942:(Nazkot’en)
873:Independent
813:Independent
785:Translation
756:
754:
739:
730:
715:Please help
703:
674:
658:
656:
629:
604:
592:Viola adunca
586:They take a
585:
573:
533:
484:
477:
467:
449:Coast Salish
436:
422:
417:
402:Oosa Bunk'ut
401:
393:
361:
353:
345:
337:
313:
305:
302:Fraser River
295:
285:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
239:
235:
231:
227:Wetʼsuwetʼen
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
197:
195:
190:
186:
182:
166:
164:
159:
155:
139:
132:(pronounced
129:
127:
109:Wet'suwet'en
104:Dene peoples
30:Ethnic group
27:Ethnic group
1519:Rose Prince
1509:Edward John
1443:Tsilhqot'in
1308:hone creek
1234:, south of
1159:Babine Lake
1129:Stuart Lake
1104:Anahim Lake
1072:Stuart Lake
1045:Fraser Lake
905:Fort Fraser
648:Wilson Duff
564:Ethnobotany
464:Tsilhqot'in
366:Babine Lake
358:Fraser Lake
354:Khelhghubun
334:Stuart Lake
322:Barkerville
258:Witsuwitʼen
117:Tsilhqotʼin
107:Especially
1903:Categories
1831:BC Studies
1816:3 December
1802:References
1707:2024-02-09
1328:Burns Lake
1294:Burns Lake
1267:Takla Lake
1232:Skins Lake
1155:Burns Lake
1017:Vanderhoof
928:Indepenant
557:Nyan Wheti
513:black bear
435:(Dushina,
398:Ootsa Lake
350:Takla Lake
346:Dzinghubun
328:area, the
206:Synaeresis
156:Yinka Dene
1354:Hagwilget
1335:Hagwilget
1206:south of
794:Location
788:Language
733:July 2023
704:does not
667:in 1977.
596:decoction
588:decoction
537:eulachons
525:fur trade
394:Lhoosk'uz
362:Nadlehbun
338:Nak'albun
292:Geography
284:peoples (
210:uda ukelh
69:Languages
1792:Roy 2010
1780:Roy 2010
1684:Citation
1639:40003756
1498:See also
1475:Nagailer
1459:Porteurs
1453:Synonymy
671:Language
600:Orthilia
555:and the
406:Quanchus
380:and the
142:are the
85:Religion
60:Canada (
1463:Taculli
1441:of the
1317:Carrier
845:Kluskus
757:Carrier
725:removed
710:sources
660:Science
621:History
501:caribou
474:Culture
384:of the
318:Quesnel
314:Lheidli
306:Lhtakoh
218:-xwoten
140:Carrier
91:Animism
75:English
1909:Dakelh
1852:
1654:
1637:
1618:
1599:
1544:
1487:aɣelne
1257:Sekani
1183:Witset
1157:&
1121:Dakelh
1094:Dakelh
1062:Dakelh
1035:Dakelh
1007:Dakelh
979:Dakelh
951:Dakelh
923:Dakelh
895:Dakelh
869:Dakelh
835:Dakelh
809:Dakelh
636:Kemano
613:, and
521:rabbit
519:, and
517:beaver
493:smoked
491:, are
489:salmon
412:, and
368:, the
238:) and
167:Dakelh
130:Dakelh
121:Sekani
119:, and
113:Babine
102:Other
79:Dakelh
34:Dakelh
1584:(PDF)
1569:(PDF)
961:Nazko
777:Band
684:Bands
644:Alcan
505:moose
481:keyoh
458:with
326:Wells
298:Keyoh
222:-t’en
138:) or
1850:ISBN
1818:2013
1652:ISBN
1635:LCCN
1616:ISBN
1597:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1255:and
708:any
706:cite
665:Namu
497:deer
468:ᗘᙢᗥᐣ
443:and
433:Cree
408:and
286:Dené
282:Dene
246:ᘇᑎᗥᐣ
232:ᗘᙢᗥᐣ
212:and
196:The
189:and
165:The
128:The
49:area
781:IPA
719:by
509:elk
485:ᗸᘏᑋ
470:).
437:ᑐᙘᘇ
280:or
260:or
208:of
202:ᑕᗸᒡ
150:of
1905::
1888:.
1829:.
1772:^
1700:.
1577:12
1575:.
1571:.
1494:.
1477:.
1414::
1370::
1319:)
852:)
771:.
654:.
617:.
609:,
559:.
515:,
511:,
507:,
503:,
499:,
214:ne
193:.
115:,
111:,
77:,
1858:.
1820:.
1710:.
1660:.
1641:.
1624:.
1605:.
1550:.
1401:,
1395:,
1389:,
1383:,
1377:,
1074:-
746:)
740:(
735:)
731:(
727:.
713:.
483:(
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392:(
360:(
352:(
344:(
336:(
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312:(
304:(
200:(
64:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
