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on the "customs, religion and physical characteristics of native people." It is devoid of hyperbole and does not use excessive metaphors to validate descriptions. He states things for what they are, not for what he thinks they represent. Other early accounts of the New World emphasized on the idea of prosperity and use adjectives and hyperbole to describe the quantity and quality of its bounty. There is a general tone of optimism that Brazil will provide both spiritual and material gifts. He emphasizes on the "simplicity and good nature" of the indigenous people.
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into four major families with many isolates, and even related languages and dialects were likely to not be mutually intelligible, so they had to communicate through actions and sign languages. They tried to give the natives things to eat such as bread, fish, cakes, honey and even wine. The natives took one taste of the things then spit them all out. They also tried to give them just water but the natives only swashed the water in their mouths, then spit it out. The one thing they did consent to was a cloak they could use to cover themselves while they slept.
47:
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admiration, enchantment and protectionism." He believes that they are part of God's creation; he is respectful and understanding them that is why he calls for syncretism instead of enslavement. During the first mass, the native
Brazilians responded favorably and thus, to Caminha, are worth saving because "they have no apparent trace of spiritual corruption." There is the assumption that it will be easy to convert indigenous people to Christianity.
75:, which roughly translates as "Such vastness of the enormous treeline, with abundant foliage, that is incalculable", is one of Pero's most famous descriptions. He describes in a diary from the first journey from Portugal to Brazil and their arrival in this country. This letter is considered to be the first document of Brazilian history as much as its first literary text. The original of this 27-page document can be found in the
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existence. Pero Vaz de
Caminha was the secretary of this fleet; he had been appointed to be the administrator of a trading post to be created in Calicut. Once Cabral had gathered basic facts and had encountered the native people, he took this information and Caminha's letter on a smaller ship back to Lisbon.
1412:
Apart from being the first ever literary description of Brazil, what sets
Caminha's letter apart from other documents like it was his style of writing. Whilst writing this letter, Caminha was not trying to create a literary work but trying to report exactly what he found; it was a detailed commentary
97:
Pedro Álvares Cabral led the largest fleet in the
Portuguese fleet on a mission to Calicut, India, where Vasco da Gama had opened a sea route two years prior. Many historians have debated on the authenticity of this discovery; some have reason to believe that Portugal had prior knowledge of Brazil's
1403:
The admiral of the ship that sailed to Brazil sent
Nicolau Coelho out to interact with the natives. The people they encountered when they arrived in Brazil lived by a mix of hunting-gathering and agriculture. They were brown and reddish-skinned and completely unclothed. Their languages were divided
1338:
They are brown skinned, of a quite reddish complexion, with handsome faces and noses, nicely shaped. They go about naked, without any type of covering. They do not bother to cover their bodies, and show their private parts as readily as they show their faces. In this matter they are of great
1421:
Caminha did not describe the native
Brazilians as bestial and lesser-humans as is common with other early Brazilian narratives. He does not describe them as more or less attractive than they were and seems to be particularly enthralled by their nudity and body paints. He shows "sentiments of
1350:... they are well groomed and very clean. And in that aspect, I am convinced they are like birds, or mountain animals, to whom the air gives better feathers and hair than those of their domesticated counterparts, because their bodies are as clean and as plump and as beautiful as could be!
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One of those young women had the whole body painted from bottom to top with that tincture, and she was so well-shaped and so rounded, and her private parts so graceful that many women of our land, if they had seen her features, would feel embarrassed for not having theirs look like hers.
1360:
They only eat this yam (referring to manioc, then unknown to the
Europeans), which is very plentiful here, and those seeds and fruits that the earth and the trees give of themselves. Nevertheless, they are sturdier, and sleeker than we are despite all the wheat and legumes we eat.
1345:"... andam bem curados, e muito limpos. E naquilo ainda mais me convenço que são como aves, ou alimárias montezinhas, as quais o ar faz melhores penas e melhor cabelo que às mansas, porque os seus corpos são tão limpos e tão gordos e tão formosos que não pode ser mais!
93:
Manuel I ascended the throne at a time when
Portugal was discovering wealth in Africa and the East; he was keen on ensuring Portugal maintained dominance in trade with the East. Portugal had established their presence with enclaves, forts and fortified trading posts.
1334:"A feição deles é serem pardos, um tanto avermelhados, de bons rostos e bons narizes, bem feitos. Andam nus, sem cobertura alguma. Nem fazem mais caso de encobrir ou deixa de encobrir suas vergonhas do que de mostrar a cara. Acerca disso são de grande inocência."
1380:
Walking among them there were three or four women, young and gentle, with their hair very black and very long, loose to their backs; their private parts, so prominent and so neat, and so clean of their hairs that they did not get ashamed when we looked at them.
1376:"Ali andavam entre eles três ou quatro moças, bem novinhas e gentis, com cabelos muito pretos e compridos pelas costas; e suas vergonhas, tão altas e tão cerradinhas e tão limpas das cabeleiras que, de as nós muito bem olharmos, não se envergonhavam."
1387:"E uma daquelas moças era toda tingida de baixo a cima, daquela tintura e certo era tão bem feita e tão redonda, e sua vergonha tão graciosa que a muitas mulheres de nossa terra, vendo-lhe tais feições envergonhara, por não terem as suas como ela."
1356:"E não comem senão deste inhame, de que aqui há muito, e dessas sementes e frutos que a terra e as árvores de si deitam. E com isto andam tais e tão rijos e tão nédios que o não somos nós tanto, com quanto trigo e legumes comemos."
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Dias, Eduardo Mayone (September 1992). "Brazil's Birth
Certificate: The Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha".
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73:" Esse arvoredo, que é tanto, tamanho, tão basto e de tantas prumagens, que homens as não podem contar."
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Vasco da Gama and the age of
Portuguese expansion : an exhibition at the John Carter Brown Library
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Williams, Jerry M. (1991). "Pero Vaz de Caminha: The Voice of the Luso-Brazilian Chronicle".
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gives what is considered by many today as being one of the most accurate accounts of what
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Nowell, Charles E. (August 1936). "The Discovery of Brazil-Accidental or Intentional?".
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1548:. Rhode Island: Providence, R.I. : John Carter Brown Library.
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Comments on the native women, comparing them to European women
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Letter accounting Portuguese arrival to present-day Brazil
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Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España
1542:Danforth, Susan; Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (1998).
1749:The Conquest of America: The Question of the Other
1725:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
1627:Excerpts from the Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha
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1521:(1. ed.). Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
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1683:Columbus's letter on the first voyage
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1519:Portugal: a traveller's history
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1622:A Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha
1614:A Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha
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944:Impeachment of Fernando Collor
393:Conquest of the Banda Oriental
363:Invasion of the Banda Oriental
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1635:Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha
1517:Livermore, Harold V. (2004).
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206:Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha
194:Pedro Álvares Cabral's voyage
1791:Memory of the World Register
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630:Proclamation of the Republic
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376:United Kingdom with Portugal
18:Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha
1733:Delle navigationi et viaggi
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423:Declaration of Independence
71:used to look like in 1500.
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845:Plano Trienal
843:
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833:
831:
828:
827:
824:
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588:
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583:
581:
578:
576:
575:Uruguayan War
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
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147:Pre-Cabraline
143:
142:
137:
133:
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108:
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82:
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62:
48:
37:
19:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1718:De Orbe Novo
1716:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1632:(in English)
1576:(2): 59–72.
1573:
1569:
1544:
1537:
1518:
1512:
1487:
1483:
1447:
1443:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1386:
1375:
1355:
1344:
1333:
1175:Constitution
1060:Minas Gerais
939:Plano Collor
913:New Republic
805:World War II
671:Belle Époque
659:Navy Revolts
654:Encilhamento
623:Old Republic
555:Coffee cycle
500:April Revolt
411:Independence
292:Dutch Brazil
267:Bandeirantes
205:
136:Miller Atlas
131:
96:
92:
72:
58:
1339:innocence.
1240:Transgender
1220:Nationality
1050:Mato Grosso
920:Lost Decade
781:Estado Novo
726:World War I
643: [
595:Grande Seca
565:Platine War
510:Malê Revolt
418:Dia do Fico
352: [
329:Guaraní War
309:Mascate War
245:Slave trade
235:Sugar cycle
226: [
216:Captaincies
1775:Categories
1426:References
1080:Pernambuco
959:Plano Real
900:Diretas Já
744:Vargas Era
681:Coronelism
299:Gold cycle
87:See also:
79:, Lisbon.
1672:New World
1265:Conflicts
1235:Socialism
1190:Etymology
1160:Animation
1155:Anarchism
1130:Tocantins
1120:São Paulo
515:Cabanagem
1408:Analysis
1260:Timeline
1253:Research
1215:Military
1195:Football
1105:Rondônia
1045:Maranhão
1015:Amazonas
964:Mensalão
949:Mercosul
525:Balaiada
164:Kuhikugu
111:a series
109:Part of
102:Contents
1582:3513430
1504:1316707
1464:2507557
1185:Ethanol
1180:Economy
1125:Sergipe
1110:Roraima
1070:Paraíba
1005:Alagoas
240:Slavery
83:Context
1752:(1982)
1744:(1632)
1736:(1550)
1728:(1552)
1713:(1524)
1707:(1500)
1701:(1498)
1693:(1493)
1685:(1493)
1580:
1525:
1502:
1462:
1225:Postal
1143:Topics
1075:Paraná
138:, 1519
113:on the
69:Brazil
1578:JSTOR
1500:JSTOR
1460:JSTOR
1399:Other
1085:Piauí
1040:Goiás
1025:Ceará
1020:Bahia
1010:Amapá
647:]
356:]
230:]
159:Luzia
1523:ISBN
1205:LGBT
1165:Book
1065:Pará
1000:Acre
1492:doi
1452:doi
1777::
1574:28
1572:.
1554:^
1498:.
1488:27
1486:.
1472:^
1458:.
1448:16
1446:.
1434:^
1347:"
645:pt
354:pt
228:pt
134:,
63:,
1663:e
1656:t
1649:v
1584:.
1531:.
1506:.
1494::
1466:.
1454::
1314:e
1307:t
1300:v
1201:)
1197:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
