462:
577:
skis did not wear well. The water-soluble glues used at the time failed; they warped and split along the glue edges (delaminating) frequently and rapidly. In 1922, a
Norwegian skier, Thorbjorn Nordby, developed strong waterproof glue which stopped the problem of splitting, therefore developing a much tougher laminated ski. Research and design of laminated skis rapidly progressed. In 1933, a new design technology was introduced with an outer hardwood shell completely encasing an inner layer of lighter wood, successfully eliminating spontaneously splitting glue lines. This early design eventually evolved into an advanced laminating technique which is referred to today as single-shell casing technology.
550:
975:
1087:, or telemark gear, where skiers take advantage of climbing skins and a detachable heel, to ski uphill. When the skier reaches the top of the area they want to ski down, they take off the climbing skins and make the necessary preparations to ski back down. Backcountry terrain can also be accessed with standard alpine equipment by riding a lift uphill at a ski resort and then leaving the resort boundary. However, this is more commonly known as sidecountry because of its immediate access from a ski lift.
573:. These woods were used because of their density and ability to handle speed and shock-resistance factors associated with ski racing. Because Europe's forests were dwindling, finding quality plank hardwood became difficult, which led to the invention of the laminated ski. Beginning in 1891, skimakers in Norway began laminating two or more layers of wood together to make lighter cross country running skis. These evolved into the multi-laminated high-performance skis of the mid-1930s.
581:
1039:
2998:
2988:
538:
1018:
739:
996:
869:
558:
skier's weight. This new design made it possible to build a thinner lighter ski, that flexed more easily to absorb the shock of bumps, and that maneuvered and ran faster and more easily. The design also included a sidecut that narrowed the ski underfoot while the tip and tail remained wider. This enabled the ski to flex and turn more easily.
400:
1050:, which is described as a mix of alpine, ski-jump, and cross country skiing forms. The skis themselves are similar to regular skis, although they are typically made lighter for mobility. The main difference is in the binding rather than the ski itself, where the toe of the boot is attached to the ski, with the heel being free to move.
1060:
954:
701:
Described in the direction of travel, the front of the ski, typically pointed or rounded, is the tip, the middle is the waist and the rear is the tail. Skis have four aspects that define their basic performance: length, width, sidecut and camber. Skis also differ in more minor ways to address certain
822:
The classical wooden ski consists of a single long piece of suitable wood that is hand-carved to the required shape. Early designs were generally rectangular in cross-section, with the tip bent up through application of steam. Over time the designs changed, and skis were thinned out to the sides, or
557:
Around 1850, artisans in
Telemark, Norway, invented the cambered ski. This ski arches up in the middle, under the binding, which distributes the skier's weight more evenly across the length of the ski. Earlier plank-style skis had to be thick enough not to bow downward and sink in the snow under the
658:
model, skis with a much wider tip and tail than waist. When tipped onto their edges, they bend into a curved shape and carve a turn. Cross-country techniques use different styles of turns; edging is not as important, and skis have little sidecut. For many years, alpine skis were shaped similarly to
904:
Alpine skis, also called downhill skis, are skis designed specifically for lift-assisted resort runs. Ski design has evolved enormously since the beginnings of the modern sport in mid-19th-century Norway. Modern skis typically have steel edges, camber, side cut, and possibly reverse camber. During
813:
proved expensive to produce, and in spite of numerous positive reviews, the company never became profitable. In 1990, the
Salomon S9000 took the same basic concept but replaced the steel with plastics, producing a design they called "monocoque". Now referred to as the "cap ski" design, the concept
576:
A laminated ski is made of two types of wood glued together. A top layer of soft wood is glued to a thin layer under a surface of hardwood. This combination created skis which were much lighter and more maneuverable than the heavy hardwood skis made before. Although lighter and stronger, laminated
788:, which made the ski much stronger. The VR7, and its more famous follow-on VR17, was the first fibreglass ski that could be used for men's racing, and quickly took over that market. Over time, materials for both the core and torsion box have changed, with wood, various plastic foams, fibreglass,
1222:
Surface preparation involves blending of repairs into the base and then texturing to befit the snow conditions with a gritty material, using successively finer grits, depending on the snow temperature. Other treatments include "rilling" installing miniature grooves along the ski or a steel
46:
841:
is a major US-based ski manufacturing company. In 1961 they were one of the first companies to begin producing and distributing fiberglass skis. Today K2 is primarily renowned for its wide variety of torsion-box ski designs. They sponsor several professional skiers and ski
473:
This type of ski was used at least in northern
Finland and Sweden until the 1930s. On one leg, the skier wore a long straight non-arching ski for sliding, and on the other a shorter ski for kicking. The bottom of the short ski was either plain or covered with
522:
had developed a special long ski to sneak into shooting distance to the seals' breathing holes, though the ski was useful in moving in the packed ice in general and was made specially long, 3–4 meters, to protect against cracks in the ice. This is called
1067:
The monoski is a type of ski designed with the idea of a pair of skis turned into a single piece. The board is designed to have two boots kept side by side, with the skier facing forward down the mountain. The board itself is very similar in design to a
848:
is a French company established in 1907. Rossignol introduced its first fiberglass ski in 1964. Today the company offers a wide range of ski designs and produces over 500,000 pairs of skis per year. Rossignol also manufactures boots, bindings, and
1148:
are commonly used in tandem with skis in a variety of types of skiing. They are typically used as a mechanism to help skiers in most types of skiing, giving additional maneuverability with support turning, walking, and getting up after falling.
1163:: Safety-release ski bindings require adjustment to fit the weight and height of the skier. Annual maintenance assures that settings continue to be correct. For rental skis, such an adjustment is required for each change of customers.
808:
During the 1980s, Bucky
Kashiwa developed a new construction technique using a rolled stainless steel sheet forming three sides of a torsion box over a wooden core, with the base of the ski forming the bottom. Introduced in 1989, the
1204:
Edge shaping may be done daily with carborundum or diamond stone to remove imperfections. Tuning the edges requires a series of applications of sharpening tools and stones, working at approximately right angles along the metal edge.
1218:
Repair of gouges may be accomplished with a drip-candle of paraffin and polyethylene blend or a harder, more durable stick of pure polyethylene. Both are melted into the imperfections and then scraped even with the surface of the
1007:
with a narrow midsection, compared with the tip and tail, allowing the turn radius necessary where gates are spaced further apart than in slalom. These skis are commensurately longer and wider in the midsection than slalom skis.
663:
introduced a radial sidecut design that dramatically improved performance. Other companies quickly followed suit, one
Austrian ski designer admitting, "It turns out that everything we thought we knew for forty years was wrong."
762:
are layered and compressed above and below the core. Laminated construction is the most widely used manufacturing process in the ski industry today. The first successful laminate ski, and arguably the first modern ski was the
783:
introduced a new construction method in which a smaller wooden core was wrapped in wet fibreglass, as opposed to pre-dried sheets of fibreglass being glued to the core (essentially replacing metal sheets). The result was a
1095:
In Nordic skiing the skier is not reliant on ski lifts to get up hills, and so skis and boots tend to be lighter, with a free heel to facilitate walking. Styles of Nordic skiing equipment include:
1072:, with the idea of two feet on the same part. Although in comparison the monoski has a wider turnt up tip and is far heavier than a snowboard, with bindings much more similar to that of skis.
905:
the 1990s side cut became more pronounced to make it easier to carve turns. Alpine skis typically have fixed-heel bindings. Specialised types of alpine skis exist for certain uses, including
461:
961:
Alpine ski designed for recreational skiing. The ski has a wide and similarly wide and tilted up tail, which allows landings where the skier is facing backwards, making it suitable for a
814:
eliminates the need to wrap the core and replaces this with a single-step process that is much less expensive to produce. Cap ski construction dominates alpine ski construction today.
61:
is a narrow strip of semi-rigid material worn underfoot to glide over snow. Substantially longer than they are wide, and characteristically employed in pairs, skis are attached to
1190:: Edges engage the snow, especially during icy conditions. The angle from the plane of the bottom of the ski is set, depending on the type of skiing anticipated, as follows:
2331:
445:
to carry skiers up slopes, enabled the development of alpine skis. Meanwhile, advances in technology in the Nordic camp allowed for the development of special skis for
730:
to make skis stronger, stiffer in twisting, lighter, and more durable. Ski manufacturing techniques allow skis to be made in one or a combination of three designs:
1923:
1887:
1083:
Backcountry skiing, also known as off-piste skiing, is any form of skiing done outside of ski area boundaries. Most of the time this type of skiing is done with
859:, notable in ski manufacturing for inventing shaped skis, also called parabolic skis, which made carve turns possible at low speeds and with short turn radius.
1177:
Hot wax is applied with heat by ironing the melted wax on the ski base and allowing it to penetrate the pore structure, it is then scraped off and burnished.
608:
which could hold wax. This hugely successful ski was unique at the time, having been designed for the recreational market rather than for racing. 1962: a
2360:
1793:
628:
426:
These early skis were not designed for recreation, transportation, or speed; their sole purpose was to keep the user on top of the snow while
2324:
2214:
2128:
1712:
1623:
796:
all being used in different designs. Torsion box designs continue to dominate cross-country ski designs, but is less common for alpine and
1117:
can also be applied for grip. Some waxless models have patterns on the bottom to avoid the necessity of grip waxing for classic technique.
2253:
986:
with a narrow midsection, compared with the tip and tail, allowing the short turn radius necessary where gates are close to one another.
1180:
Hard wax may be rubbed on and smoothed, mechanically from a bar or canister of the material. This technique is the rule for grip waxes.
1502:
621:
1547:
1525:
1306:
2317:
1492:
2390:
478:
to aid this use, while the long ski supporting the weight of the skier was treated with animal fat in similar manner to modern
1406:
1382:
1345:
2162:
1684:
2206:
Advances in
Mechanism and Machine Science: Proceedings of the 15th IFToMM World Congress on Mechanism and Machine Science
1173:" promotes grip on snow for cross-country skis. Wax may be applied in three ways, melting on, rubbing on and as a paste.
2385:
437:
Nordic ski technology was adapted during the early 20th century to enable skiers to turn at higher speeds. New ski and
1884:
1670:
2897:
2586:
2510:
1947:
1742:
1620:"Västerbotten 1971 nr. 2" magazine in Swedish, includes copious pictures of the ski and the associated equipment.
549:
3022:
2687:
2624:
605:
1868:
2677:
1996:
1906:
1113:'s NNN, Salomon's SNS profil, and SNS pilot. Ski bases are waxed to reduce friction during forward motion, and
932:
The following table shows different kinds of alpine ski types and their uses within a downhill skiing context.
230:
974:
2231:
896:
many types of skis have been developed, designed for different needs, of which the following is a selection.
1818:
1418:
1183:
Paste wax allows reducing friction with a rapid adjustment to snow conditions at the expense of durability.
76:
Originally intended as an aid to travel over snow, they are now mainly used recreationally in the sport of
73:(originally made of seal fur, but now made of synthetic materials) can be attached at the base of the ski.
2692:
2515:
1581:
1797:
118:
has largely retained the Old Norse meaning in words for split firewood, wood building materials (such as
3001:
2957:
102:
which means "cleft wood", "stick of wood" or "ski". In Old Norse common phrases describing skiing were
1120:
Skating skis are shorter than classic skis and do not need grip wax. The skating technique is used in
2952:
2925:
2451:
1605:
1157:
Ski maintenance encompasses four facets: binding adjustments, waxing, edge shaping, and base repair.
1102:
1099:
39:
2179:
2743:
2672:
201:
1464:
466:
49:
A shaped alpine ski with relatively little sidecut and classic camber: the tip and tail touch the
2819:
2591:
2546:
2456:
1840:
1234:
832:
780:
726:
Skis have evolved from being made of solid wood to using a variety of materials including carbon-
132:
127:
1621:
2355:
2261:
2210:
2134:
2124:
1708:
1564:
1543:
1521:
1498:
1402:
1378:
1341:
1302:
1211:: Ski base repair has three levels: cleaning, filling imperfections, and surface preparation.
893:
434:. Early skis were generally accompanied by a walking stick to help the user maintain balance.
394:
353:
2282:
2020:
2712:
2634:
2606:
2430:
1537:
910:
580:
319:
205:
196:
186:
164:
151:
137:
2204:
1215:
Cleaning promotes the removal of dirt and wax, allowing repair material to bond to the ski.
1038:
2991:
2748:
2707:
2596:
2409:
1891:
1872:
1627:
1047:
922:
519:
168:
123:
30:
This article is about the equipment used to slide on snow. For the related activity, see
1647:
742:
Combination of cap design (upper part) and sidewall laminated design (lower part, white)
2915:
2531:
1025:
Alpine ski designed for recreational use with a wide waist area that allows for higher
852:
845:
755:
651:
491:
469:
army in the 18th century, long ski for the right leg, also shown in profile (far left).
346:
339:
257:
252:
246:
235:
3016:
2887:
2855:
2763:
2753:
2738:
2614:
2576:
2495:
2480:
2461:
2370:
1910:
1133:
983:
914:
764:
684:
593:
542:
189:, it is pronounced similarly to Norwegian, but the spelling is modified accordingly:
2044:
635:
became the last world champion (Falun, 15 km cross-country) using wooden skis.
537:
2969:
2947:
2768:
2664:
2639:
2581:
2551:
2536:
2500:
2425:
2344:
2065:
1004:
962:
918:
906:
793:
696:
680:
673:
617:
483:
446:
35:
1017:
642:
ski construction design is patented. The patent is referenced by Kästle, Salomon,
525:
1446:
1319:
2964:
2784:
2728:
2435:
2397:
1746:
1447:"Duden | Skifahren | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft"
1274:
1127:
1084:
810:
797:
785:
676:
639:
632:
589:
487:
450:
438:
360:
69:, with either a free, lockable, or partially secured heel. For climbing slopes,
66:
2892:
2882:
2846:
2794:
2758:
2702:
2654:
2644:
2629:
2541:
2402:
1836:
1768:
1357:
1264:
1110:
747:
738:
669:
643:
609:
570:
561:
Skis traditionally were hand-carved out of a single piece of hardwood such as
119:
2138:
2932:
2920:
2865:
2860:
2826:
2809:
2733:
2697:
2649:
2466:
1269:
1254:
1069:
995:
838:
665:
475:
364:
93:
70:
1853:
868:
17:
2309:
2118:
1903:
2907:
2877:
2831:
2804:
2789:
2571:
1145:
1121:
1029:
on low-density powder snow by reducing ski pressure on the snow surface.
1026:
660:
655:
553:
Modern cross-country skis from synthetic materials, with poles and shoes.
442:
62:
1568:
718:) at the tip and tail to make it easier to turn in deep and heavy snow.
2942:
2937:
2836:
2799:
2682:
2619:
2505:
2066:"Winter Olympics 2022: Will telemark skiing make its debut in Beijing?"
1259:
1244:
1239:
1170:
1114:
1106:
926:
856:
768:
759:
647:
613:
601:
597:
562:
479:
427:
177:, and modify the pronunciation. Before 1920, English often called them
2340:
2090:
1865:
1497:, Historical Dictionaries of Sports, Scarecrow Press, pp. 1–14,
1338:
O̧ndurdís og o̧ndurgoð: studier over den førkristne religion i Norden
789:
727:
679:
in 1995. The first company to successfully market and mass-produce a
420:
416:
412:
316:) in German. Norwegian and Swedish do not form a verb from the noun.
77:
31:
399:
363:
also have their own words for "skis" and "skiing": for example, the
1059:
953:
2872:
2120:
The
Ultimate Ski Maintenance Book : DIY Ski Waxing and Tuning
1971:
1486:
1484:
1249:
1058:
1037:
1016:
994:
973:
952:
867:
751:
737:
579:
566:
548:
536:
460:
408:
398:
44:
1822:
1769:"Patent number: 4005875 Ski construction of the torsion box type"
502:
for the plain and skinned short ski. Finnish names for these are
50:
2313:
767:, introduced in 1950, which sandwiched aluminum alloy around a
431:
250:
as in
Norwegian, but since approximately the 1960s changed to
45:
1561:
Nine
Thousand Years of Skis: Norwegian Wood to French Plastic
1843:
from the original on 2021-12-11 – via www.youtube.com.
1136:
have wheels for use on dry pavement, in the absence of snow.
624:. By the late '60s fibreglass had mostly replaced aluminum.
338:
goes back to the Proto-Uralic period, with cognates such as
2303:
600:
core. The design included steel edges (invented in 1928 in
264:. Many languages make a verb form out of the noun, such as
2045:"Historique du Monoski – Association Française de Monoski"
1666:
1664:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
965:, or attempting features such as boxes, rails, or jumps.
482:. Early record of this type of skis survives in works of
1539:
Two Planks and a Passion: The Dramatic History of Skiing
872:
Four groups of different ski types, from left to right:
322:
has its own ancient words for skis and skiing: "ski" is
1197:
Intermediate skiers and giant-slalom skiers: 0.5° to 1°
876:
Non-sidecut: cross-country, telemark and mountaineering
140:, another language evolved from Old Norse, the word is
2289:, vol. 17, no. 8, p. 94, September 1995
1794:"afpworldtour – the history of competitive freeskiing"
1399:
Riksmål og moderat bokmål: en sammenlignende oversikt.
746:
Laminated skis are built in layers. Materials such as
668:, the first free-ski focused ski company inspired the
596:, constructed by sandwiching aluminium alloy around a
2123:. Charlston, SC: Peter Ballin, Charlston, SC, 2015.
1433:
Das Wörterbuch Deutsch-Englisch: 420.000 Stichwörter
1169:: Most ski wax minimizes gliding friction on snow. "
2906:
2845:
2777:
2721:
2663:
2605:
2564:
2524:
2488:
2479:
2444:
2418:
2378:
2369:
1788:
1786:
1583:Vorstellung der sämtlichen Königl. Dänischen Armee
114:(to stride on skis). In modern Norwegian the word
659:cross-country, simply shorter and wider, but the
209:
380:
374:
368:
97:
1673:. Seth Masia, Dec. 2003. Web. 8 February 2010.
27:Narrow strip of semi-rigid material for skiing
2325:
1948:"Understanding the Different types of Skiing"
329:
323:
281:
275:
215:
190:
156:
141:
8:
2232:"Grip and Glide: A Short History of Ski Wax"
1972:"Page- Camelback Alpine and Snowboard Teams"
1942:
1940:
1707:. Hanover: University Press of New England.
584:Cross-cut of Howard Head's design (ca. 1965)
311:
305:
299:
293:
269:
172:
1465:"[ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat"
287:
239:
2903:
2485:
2375:
2332:
2318:
2310:
604:,) and the exterior surfaces were made of
441:designs, coupled with the introduction of
208:adapt the word to their linguistic rules:
2361:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms
1856:Advameg Inc., 2010. Web. 8 February 2010.
1586:. Copenhagen: C.W. Ahlefeld. p. 124.
1421:(December 20, 1903) New-York Tribune pg 2
683:to ski switch (skiing backwards) was the
34:. For the related activity on water, see
1894:. Rossignol, 2010. Web. 8 February 2010.
1875:. K2 Sports, 2010. Web. 8 February 2010.
934:
1997:"The Different Types of Skis Explained"
1743:"Magne Myrmo siste VM-vinner på treski"
1741:Kirkebøen, Stein Erik (15 April 2003).
1340:. Oslo: Det norske videnskaps-akademi.
1287:
411:, with the oldest wooden skis found in
1731:Research report, Høgskolen i Finnmark.
1698:
1696:
823:had prominent ridges down the center.
2180:"Release! History of Safety Bindings"
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2112:
2110:
1837:"Salomon Freeski TV episode 3 – 1080"
1419:"Winter Sport with Skees on the Snow"
1109:. Three binding systems are popular:
1046:Telemark skis are generally used for
251:
245:
244:and the pronunciation was originally
229:
195:
150:
131:
7:
1393:
1391:
1293:
1291:
1105:are light and narrow, with a slight
710:are wider to provide more float and
171:use the original Norwegian spelling
1913:. Élan, 2012. Web. 8 February 2010.
1563:US National Ski Hall of Fame Press
855:is a Slovenian company, located in
53:while the midsection is in the air.
1362:Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog.
1200:Beginners and down-hill racers: 2°
622:FIS Alpine World Ski Championships
25:
2252:McKenney, Kim (August 22, 2014).
1976:Camelback Ski and Snowboard Teams
1729:Norske ski – til glede og besvær.
2997:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2167:. Ski Magazine. pp. 229–38.
1819:"Skiing the wrong way since '95"
130:this word is usually pronounced
106:(to travel, move fast on skis),
1494:Historical Dictionary of Skiing
1003:Alpine ski designed for racing
982:Alpine ski designed for racing
2178:Masia, Seth (September 2002).
620:to win two gold medals at the
465:Asymmetrical skis used by the
1:
2209:. Springer. pp. 579–83.
2021:"How to Choose Downhill Skis"
1995:Harari, Thomas (2023-12-21).
1683:Masia, Seth (December 2003).
706:are softer to absorb shocks,
687:, with its 1080 ski in 1998.
672:freeskiing movement with its
2161:Deines, Jim (October 1990).
1377:Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
1301:. Oslo: Kagge forlag, 2014.
510:for the long and short ski.
423:(c. 3200 BCE) respectively.
228:are in use, both pronounced
2258:Cross Country Ski Technique
2203:Uhl, Tadeusz (2019-06-13).
1364:Kristiania: Carl C. Werner.
702:niche roles. For instance,
616:'s White Star, was used by
280:in Spanish and Portuguese,
3039:
1705:The story of modern skiing
1491:Allen, E. John B. (2011),
830:
694:
392:
29:
2982:
2351:
1520:Oslo: Font forlag, 2011.
1518:Norge: skisportens vugge.
1397:Bleken, Brynjulv (1973).
1194:Slalom skiers: 0° to 0.5°
606:phenol formaldehyde resin
543:cable (kandahar) bindings
407:Skis appeared before the
2254:"All About Classic Skis"
2164:Guide to home ski tuning
1648:"Evolution of Ski Shape"
1536:Huntford, Roland (2013)
1299:Norsk etymologisk ordbok
518:The seal hunters at the
486:. He associates them to
1671:Skiing Heritage Journal
1373:Karlsen, Edgar (1993).
1336:Grønvik, Ottar (2000).
1324:www.merriam-webster.com
1130:skis are long and wide.
385:for the verb "to ski".
381:
375:
369:
220:. In German, spellings
98:
2117:Ballin, Peter (2016).
1596:Olaus Magnus, 1555:1,4
1580:Bertram, Carl (1763).
1542:Bloomsbury Publishing
1063:
1042:
1021:
999:
978:
957:
889:
743:
585:
554:
546:
470:
404:
330:
324:
312:
306:
300:
294:
288:
282:
276:
270:
240:
216:
210:
191:
173:
157:
142:
110:(to move swiftly) and
54:
38:. For other uses, see
3002:Category:Snowboarding
1854:How Products Are Made
1062:
1041:
1020:
998:
977:
956:
871:
827:Notable manufacturers
741:
583:
552:
540:
464:
402:
393:Further information:
48:
2722:Technique / learning
2452:Cross-country skiing
2386:Cross-country skiing
1727:Saur, Lasse (1999):
1686:The Splitkein Patent
734:Laminate or sandwich
415:(c. 6300–5000 BCE),
373:and skis are called
260:the word is spelled
40:Ski (disambiguation)
2489:Olympic disciplines
1825:on October 7, 2013.
1608:part 15, page 385,
1431:Bergemann, Karl W.
1320:"Definition of SKI"
1085:alpine touring skis
84:Etymology and usage
2820:List of ski brands
2592:Ski mountaineering
2547:Para-alpine skiing
2457:Backcountry skiing
1890:2011-07-26 at the
1871:2015-09-06 at the
1771:. US Patent Office
1767:Bjertaes, Gunnar.
1703:Fry, John (2006).
1626:2013-12-13 at the
1375:Lærebok i lafting.
1297:Caprona, Yann de:
1235:List of ski brands
1161:Binding adjustment
1064:
1043:
1022:
1000:
979:
958:
890:
833:List of ski brands
744:
586:
555:
547:
471:
419:(c. 5200 BCE) and
405:
367:word for "ski" is
55:
3010:
3009:
2978:
2977:
2560:
2559:
2525:Other disciplines
2475:
2474:
2356:History of skiing
2216:978-3-030-20131-9
2130:978-1-5151-4537-0
1714:978-1-58465-489-6
1559:Bays, Ted (1980)
1401:Oslo: Aschehoug.
1076:
1075:
894:history of skiing
541:Wooden skis with
457:Asymmetrical skis
395:History of skiing
152:[ˈɧîːdʊr]
16:(Redirected from
3030:
3023:Skiing equipment
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2713:Snowboard racing
2635:Half-pipe skiing
2607:Freestyle skiing
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2431:Ski orienteering
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2260:. Archived from
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1796:. Archived from
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804:Monocoque or cap
545:and bamboo poles
467:Danish-Norwegian
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921:, powder skis,
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654:introduced the
592:introduced the
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520:Gulf of Bothnia
516:
514:Single long ski
459:
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379:. The Sami use
304:(as above also
253:[ˈskiː]
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124:roundpole fence
112:skríða á skíðum
92:comes from the
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2299:
2298:External links
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2184:Skiing History
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1926:. Silvretta.de
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1909:2013-01-22 at
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756:aluminum alloy
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716:reverse camber
714:bent upwards (
695:Main article:
692:
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247:[ˈɕiː]
238:, the word is
231:[ˈʃiː]
133:[ˈʂiː]
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2264:on 2016-01-28
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292:in Dutch, or
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197:[ˈʃi]
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105:
104:fara á skíðum
100:
95:
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83:
81:
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72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2970:Surface lift
2948:Gondola lift
2814:
2769:Skate skiing
2665:Snowboarding
2582:Night skiing
2565:Other skiing
2552:Speed skiing
2537:Glade skiing
2501:Giant slalom
2445:Recreational
2426:Ski marathon
2345:snowboarding
2286:
2277:
2266:. Retrieved
2262:the original
2257:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2225:
2205:
2198:
2187:. Retrieved
2183:
2173:
2163:
2119:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:
2085:
2074:. Retrieved
2072:. 2018-07-18
2069:
2060:
2049:. Retrieved
2039:
2028:. Retrieved
2024:
2015:
2004:. Retrieved
2000:
1990:
1979:. Retrieved
1975:
1966:
1955:. Retrieved
1951:
1928:. Retrieved
1918:
1899:
1880:
1861:
1849:
1831:
1823:the original
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:the original
1773:. Retrieved
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1736:
1728:
1723:
1704:
1685:
1678:
1651:. Retrieved
1616:
1609:
1601:
1592:
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1575:
1560:
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1538:
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1493:
1472:. Retrieved
1468:
1459:
1451:www.duden.de
1450:
1441:
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1426:
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1374:
1369:
1361:
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1332:
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1298:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1188:Edge shaping
1187:
1186:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1144:
1094:
1082:
1005:giant slalom
963:terrain park
944:Description
931:
903:
891:
821:
807:
794:carbon fiber
778:
745:
725:
722:Construction
715:
711:
707:
703:
700:
697:Ski geometry
681:twin-tip ski
637:
626:
618:Karl Schranz
587:
575:
560:
556:
529:in Swedish.
524:
517:
507:
503:
499:
495:
484:Olaus Magnus
472:
436:
425:
406:
356:
349:
342:
335:
318:
286:in Italian,
268:in English,
265:
261:
225:
221:
182:
178:
163:
155:; singular:
115:
111:
107:
103:
89:
87:
75:
67:ski bindings
58:
56:
36:Water skiing
2965:Hybrid lift
2729:Carved turn
2678:Backcountry
2587:Ski archery
2436:Ski touring
2398:Ski jumping
2379:Competitive
2047:(in French)
1952:www.rei.com
1924:"Silvretta"
1775:15 November
1747:Aftenposten
1653:15 November
1358:Aasen, Ivar
1209:Base repair
1134:Roller skis
1128:Ski jumping
1079:Backcountry
915:slalom skis
811:Volant skis
798:ski touring
786:torsion box
781:Dynamic VR7
775:Torsion box
712:rocker skis
708:powder skis
640:torsion box
633:Magne Myrmo
590:Howard Head
533:Modern skis
488:Sami people
476:animal skin
451:ski jumping
439:ski binding
430:or when at
334:. The word
301:Schi fahren
295:Schi laufen
274:in French,
120:bargeboards
18:Carving ski
2926:detachable
2893:Snowmaking
2883:Ski tunnel
2759:Ski school
2749:Snowplough
2744:Pivot turn
2703:Slopestyle
2688:Freeriding
2655:Slopestyle
2645:Ski ballet
2630:Freeskiing
2625:Freeriding
2542:Heliskiing
2403:Ski flying
2391:Paralympic
2268:2016-01-22
2237:11 October
2189:2021-02-26
2100:2024-02-23
2076:2024-02-22
2051:2024-02-22
2030:2024-02-22
2006:2024-02-22
1981:2024-02-22
1957:2021-02-21
1930:2011-10-25
1804:2015-04-09
1752:9 November
1606:Facta 2001
1474:2018-07-20
1469:www.eki.ee
1407:8203053025
1383:8200410064
1346:8290888325
1282:References
1265:Splitboard
1111:Rottefella
831:See also:
818:Historical
748:fiberglass
704:mogul skis
677:ski boards
650:. In 1993
644:Rottefella
610:fibreglass
526:skredstång
490:and gives
480:ski waxing
313:Ski fahren
307:Ski laufen
202:Portuguese
148:pronounced
2933:Funicular
2921:Chairlift
2908:Ski lifts
2866:Superpipe
2861:Half-pipe
2849:amenities
2827:Snowboard
2778:Equipment
2734:Jump turn
2698:Half-pipe
2693:Freestyle
2650:Ski cross
2467:Skijoring
2419:Endurance
2283:"In Gear"
2139:959984468
2070:BBC Sport
1885:Rossignol
1866:K2 Sports
1275:Water ski
1270:Teleboard
1255:Snowboard
1146:Ski poles
1122:biathlons
1070:snowboard
1034:Telemark
949:Twin-Tip
879:Parabolic
846:Rossignol
670:newschool
666:Line Skis
588:In 1950,
494:names of
443:ski lifts
365:Lule Sami
183:snow-shoe
146:(plural,
128:Norwegian
94:Old Norse
88:The word
71:ski skins
63:ski boots
3017:Category
2958:tricable
2878:Ski area
2785:Bindings
2572:Biathlon
2516:Combined
2511:Downhill
1907:Archived
1888:Archived
1869:Archived
1841:Archived
1624:Archived
1360:(1950):
1228:See also
1171:Grip wax
1115:kick wax
1055:Monoski
1027:buoyancy
927:monoskis
882:Twin-tip
691:Geometry
674:twin-tip
661:Elan SCX
656:Elan SCX
403:Old skis
354:Nganasan
2953:bicable
2943:Funitel
2938:Funifor
2800:Monoski
2683:Big air
2620:Big air
2506:Super-G
2001:Curated
1610:finnish
1569:6648572
1260:Snurfer
1245:Monoski
1240:Noboard
1107:sidecut
1013:Powder
970:Slalom
941:Design
919:GS Skis
892:In the
857:Begunje
769:plywood
760:plastic
648:Madshus
614:Kneissl
602:Austria
598:plywood
563:hickory
447:skating
428:hunting
389:History
382:cuoigat
331:hiihtää
320:Finnish
277:esquiar
206:Spanish
187:Italian
165:English
138:Swedish
2847:Resort
2795:Helmet
2673:Alpine
2496:Slalom
2341:Skiing
2213:
2137:
2127:
2091:"2005"
1711:
1567:
1546:
1524:
1501:
1405:
1381:
1344:
1305:
1223:brush.
1167:Waxing
1091:Nordic
984:slalom
900:Alpine
885:Powder
849:poles.
842:teams.
790:kevlar
771:core.
728:Kevlar
646:, and
421:Norway
417:Sweden
413:Russia
376:sabega
283:sciare
266:to ski
169:French
143:skidor
122:) and
78:skiing
32:Skiing
2898:Trail
2873:Piste
2810:Skins
2805:Poles
2790:Boots
2640:Mogul
1250:Skwal
1141:Poles
938:Type
864:Types
758:, or
752:steel
612:ski,
567:birch
508:kalhu
500:golos
496:savek
409:wheel
370:sabek
357:tuta.
347:Mansi
340:Erzya
336:suksi
325:suksi
289:skiën
271:skier
258:Welsh
256:. In
236:Dutch
234:. In
217:esquí
211:esqui
185:. In
158:skida
136:. In
126:. In
108:renna
96:word
65:with
2832:Suit
2815:Skis
2343:and
2239:2014
2211:ISBN
2135:OCLC
2125:ISBN
1904:Elan
1777:2012
1754:2019
1709:ISBN
1655:2012
1565:OCLC
1544:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1219:ski.
1103:skis
925:and
909:for
853:Elan
792:and
779:The
652:Elan
629:1974
506:and
504:lyly
498:and
492:Sami
449:and
361:Sami
359:The
352:and
350:tåut
343:soks
226:Schi
224:and
214:and
204:and
181:and
179:skee
167:and
99:skíð
51:snow
2837:Wax
2287:Ski
2025:REI
991:GS
627:In
571:ash
569:or
565:or
432:war
310:or
298:or
262:sgi
241:ski
222:Ski
192:sci
174:ski
161:).
116:ski
90:ski
59:ski
3019::
2285:,
2256:.
2182:.
2147:^
2133:.
2109:^
2093:.
2068:.
2023:.
1999:.
1974:.
1950:.
1939:^
1839:.
1785:^
1695:^
1663:^
1634:^
1550:p2
1483:^
1467:.
1449:.
1390:^
1322:.
1290:^
929:.
917:,
913:,
839:K2
800:.
754:,
750:,
631:,
453:.
345:,
200:.
80:.
57:A
2333:e
2326:t
2319:v
2306:.
2271:.
2241:.
2219:.
2192:.
2141:.
2103:.
2079:.
2054:.
2033:.
2009:.
1984:.
1960:.
1933:.
1807:.
1779:.
1756:.
1717:.
1689:.
1657:.
1477:.
1453:.
1435:.
1409:.
1385:.
1348:.
1326:.
1309:.
1124:.
42:.
20:)
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