698:"1. Conspiring to devise plans to subvert the Constitution. 2. Conspiring to levy war, and subvert the Constitution. 3. Conspiring to murder divers of the Privy Council. 4. Providing arms to murder divers of the Privy Council. 5. Providing arms and ammunition to levy war and subvert the Constitution. 6. Conspiring to seize cannon, arms and ammunition to arm themselves, and to levy war and subvert the Constitution. 7. Conspiring to burn houses and barracks, and to provide combustibles for that purpose. 8. Preparing addresses, &c. containing incitements to the King's subjects to assist in levying war and subverting the Constitution. 9. Preparing an address to the King's subjects, containing therein that their tyrants were destroyed, &c., to incite them to assist in levying war, and in subverting the Constitution. 10. Assembling themselves with arms, with intent to murder divers of the Privy Council, and to levy war, and subvert the Constitution. 11. Levying war."
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634:, who had worked for Lord Harrowby, went to find more details about the cabinet dinner, a servant in Lord Harrowby's house told him that his master was not at home. When Davidson told this to Thistlewood he refused to believe it and demanded that the operation commence at once. John Harrison rented a small house in Cato Street as the base of operations. Edwards kept the police fully informed. Some of the other members had suspected Edwards, but Thistlewood had made him his top aide.
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The conspirators planned to assassinate the cabinet which was supposed to be together at a dinner. They would then seize key buildings, overthrow the government and establish a "Committee of Public Safety" to oversee a radical revolution. According to the prosecution at their trial, they had intended
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In the resulting brawl, Thistlewood killed Bow Street Runner
Richard Smithers with a sword. Some conspirators surrendered peacefully, while others resisted forcefully. William Davidson was captured; Thistlewood, Robert Adams, John Brunt and John Harrison slipped out through the back window, but were
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During the trial, the defence argued that the statement of
Edwards, a government spy, was unreliable and he was therefore never called to testify. Police persuaded two of the men, Robert Adams and John Monument, to testify against other conspirators in exchange for dropped charges. On 28 April most
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MP accused the government of purposeful entrapment of the conspirators to smear the campaign for parliamentary reform. Although there is evidence that
Edwards did incite certain actions of the conspirators, the idea is not supported by modern historians. However, the otherwise pro-government
599:'s death on 29 January 1820 created a new governmental crisis. In a meeting held on 22 February, George Edwards suggested that the group could exploit the political situation and kill all the cabinet ministers after invading a fabricated cabinet dinner at the home of
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on the morning of 1 May 1820 in front of a crowd of many thousands, some having paid as much as three guineas for a good vantage point from the windows of houses overlooking the scaffold. Infantry were stationed nearby, out of sight of the crowd, two
732:. All sentences were later commuted, at least in respect of this medieval form of execution, to hanging and beheading. The death sentences of Charles Cooper, Richard Bradburn, John Harrison, James Wilson and John Strange were commuted to
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Historian
Caitlin Kitchener has used the theoretical framework of wound culture to examine the visual culture that was produced as a response to the incident. This included prints, newspaper illustrations and other publications.
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noted that "the London-Irish community and a number of trade societies, notably shoemakers, were prepared to lend support, while unrest and awareness of a planned rising were widespread in the industrial north and on
Clydeside."
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E.g., in a letter delivered to Lord
Harrowby on the day of execution, conspirator William Davidson stated that "Mr Edwards was the man who gave me the money to redeem the blunderbuss, which Adams carried away to Cato-street".
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in London. The police had an informer; the plotters fell into a police trap. Thirteen were arrested, while one policeman, Richard
Smithers, was killed. Five conspirators were executed, and five others were
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magistrate, and George
Ruthven, another police spy, went to wait at a public house on the other side of the street of the Cato Street building with twelve officers of the
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in 1816. Thistlewood came to dominate the group with George
Edwards as his second in command. Edwards was a police spy. Most of the members were angered by the
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Edwards had presented the idea with the full knowledge of the Home Office, which had also put the advertisement about the supposed dinner in
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Thistlewood thought the act would trigger a massive uprising against the government. James Ings, a coffeeshop keeper and former
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The conspirators were called the
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1820). On top of the maypole are the heads of Brunt, Davidson, Ings, Thistlewood and Tidd.
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The London building where the conspirators were discovered which is today marked by a
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Poetry and Popular Protest: Peterloo, Cato Street and the Queen Caroline Controversy
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in 1815 further worsened the economy and saw the return of job-seeking veterans.
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were present, and eight artillery pieces were deployed commanding the road at
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Original Documents from the Cato Street Conspiracy at the National Archives
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The treasonous plot is the subject of many books, as well as a play,
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681:. Thistlewood's group arrived during that time. At 7:30 pm, the
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Milsome, John. "Arthur Thistlewood and the Cato Street Conspiracy."
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Conspiracy on Cato Street: Liberty and Revolution in Regency London
1059:"1A, CATO STREET W1, Non Civil Parish - 1066330 | Historic England"
978:"The Diabolical Cato-Street Plot: The Cato Street Conspiracy, 1820"
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Print from May 1820 showing establishment figures dancing around a
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1155:(2004); online edn, September 2010. Accessed 12 September 2014.
1251:. Chapman and Hall, London 1884, Vol. II, pp. 278 et seq.
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Hard economic times encouraged social unrest. The end of the
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1820 planned assassination attempt on UK Government ministers
611:. Edwards even provided funds to help arm the conspirators.
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Malcolm Chase, "Thistlewood, Arthur (bap. 1774, d. 1820)",
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Alan Smith, "Arthur Thistlewood: A 'Regency Republican'."
715:(a reference to the date of the conspirators' execution,
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The execution of the Cato Street conspirators, 1 May 1820
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Smith, Alan. "Arthur Thistlewood a Regency Republican,"
1012:"Execution of Thistlewood and Others for High Treason".
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that had been passed two months before. However, in the
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The British government used the incident to justify the
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to form a provisional government headquartered in the
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in 1974 for its association with the conspiracy. The
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in 1820. The name comes from the meeting place near
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Failed assassination attempts in the United Kingdom
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1237:An authentic history of the Cato-Street Conspiracy
1181:Regency revolution: the case of Arthur Thistlewood
685:decided to apprehend the conspirators themselves.
739:Thistlewood, Tidd, Ings, Davidson and Brunt were
805:not to report the trial before the sentencing.
1225:Black Presence in Britain about the conspiracy
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1257:Stage production written and performed by
1149:"Thistlewood, Arthur (bap. 1774, d. 1820)"
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1786:Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool
1725:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
1695:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2022)
1153:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1083:"Cato Street Conspiracy | Blue Plaques"
937:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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832:Betrayal: The Trial of William Davidson
1190:217 (September 1970), pp. 151–54.
1046:"A history of London's Newgate prison"
1016:. No. 15915. London. 2 May 1820.
460:was a plot to murder all the British
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1204:(1962), the standard scholarly study
1029:"Execution of Thistlewood, &c",
997:. The Proceedings of the Old Bailey.
818:, and a 2019 Edinburgh Fringe show,
724:of the accused were sentenced to be
585:Portraits of two of the conspirators
58:adding citations to reliable sources
679:Duke of Clarence (later William IV)
814:, written by the actor and author
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1776:1820 crimes in the United Kingdom
976:Gaunt, Richard A. (Spring 2019).
872:Assassination of Spencer Perceval
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924:The Liberal Awakening 1815–1930
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1230:The text of the court decision
1197:(1953) 3#12, pp. 846–852.
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677:, an illegitimate son of the
605:Lord President of the Council
518:, had been involved with the
1781:Revolutions during the 1820s
142:Revolutions during the 1820s
1234:Wilkinson, George Theodore
1106:Kitchener, Caitlin (2023).
822:, written and performed by
726:hanged, drawn and quartered
689:arrested a few days later.
514:Some of them, particularly
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1756:1820 in the United Kingdom
1202:The Cato Street conspiracy
1048:at capitalpunishmentuk.org
289:Committee of Public Safety
1248:The Chronicles of Newgate
853:on the building in 1977.
797:ignored the order of the
607:, armed with pistols and
575:(1774–1820), depicted by
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1329:Holy Roman Empire (1062)
1220:A Web of English History
478:transported to Australia
69:"Cato Street Conspiracy"
18:Cato Street conspirators
1482:Portuguese India (1787)
1334:Mamluk Sultanate (1386)
1300:Before the 16th century
1124:10.1111/1750-0206.12670
892:Radicalism (historical)
673:, under the command of
1319:Roman Republic (63 BC)
1294:Plots and conspiracies
1063:historicengland.org.uk
847:Greater London Council
830:and 2001 radio drama,
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458:Cato Street Conspiracy
359:Frederick FitzClarence
192:Implementation of the
135:Cato Street Conspiracy
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1538:United Kingdom (1820)
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54:improve this article
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1188:Contemporary Review
1160:A Street Named Cato
966:, 2 May 1820, p. 3.
897:Revolutions of 1820
841:1A Cato Street was
630:When Jamaican-born
542:Governmental crisis
163:22-23 February 1820
1670:Ivory Coast (2012)
1553:Philippines (1828)
1390:Philippines (1587)
926:(1949), pp. 80–84.
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758:Blackfriars Bridge
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573:Arthur Thistlewood
516:Arthur Thistlewood
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271:Bow Street Runners
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1675:Montenegro (2016)
1324:Roman Empire (65)
1244:Griffiths, Arthur
964:Morning Chronicle
952:3 (1953): 846–52.
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671:Coldstream Guards
528:Peterloo Massacre
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43:This article
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1761:Conspiracies
1648:21st century
1624:Spain (1978)
1614:China (1971)
1609:Libya (1970)
1567:20th century
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1516:19th century
1472:Chile (1781)
1462:Malta (1749)
1440:18th century
1399:17th century
1353:16th century
1259:David Benson
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1118:(1): 51–74.
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1660:Laos (2007)
1634:Peru (1992)
920:Elie Halevy
887:Radical War
851:blue plaque
849:unveiled a
816:Robert Shaw
811:Cato Street
769:John Foxton
754:Life Guards
560:(1781–1820)
502:blue plaque
232:Resulted in
1750:Categories
1092:2022-10-31
1068:2022-10-31
908:References
791:newspaper
736:for life.
663:Bow Street
416:Casualties
281:Informants
266:Tory Party
219:Conspiracy
207:Government
188:George III
80:newspapers
1414:Main Plot
1132:0264-2824
1032:The Times
982:Historian
626:Discovery
315:George IV
186:Death of
181:Caused by
1409:Bye Plot
902:Six Acts
866:See also
781:Six Acts
762:Riot Act
609:grenades
526:and the
524:Six Acts
464:and the
444:executed
429:Arrested
421:Death(s)
194:Six Acts
168:Location
1312:1155 BC
1183:(1975).
939:(2004).
717:May Day
713:maypole
693:Charges
616:butcher
492:Origins
438:Charged
240:Parties
213:Methods
94:scholar
1176:(2022)
1169:(2011)
1162:(2021)
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843:listed
775:Legacy
750:troops
741:hanged
645:Arrest
449:exiled
391:Number
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174:London
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834:, by
202:Goals
101:JSTOR
87:books
1128:ISSN
801:Sir
728:for
456:The
160:Date
73:news
1120:doi
752:of
743:at
56:by
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