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Sunderland, about the year 1780, and the singularity of such a habitation, exciting the curiosity of many to pay him a visit; our author was one of that number. Exulting in the idea of a human being, who had bravely emancipated himself from the iron fangs of aristocracy, to live free from impost, he wrote extempore with chaulk above the fire place of this free man, the following lines:
314:
Spence was a self-taught radical with a deep regard for education as a means to liberation. He pioneered a phonetic script and pronunciation system designed to allow people to learn reading and pronunciation at the same time. He believed that if the correct pronunciation was visible in the spelling,
277:
the first, who as far as he knows, made use of the phrase "RIGHTS OF MAN", which was on the following remarkable occasion: A man who had been a farmer, and also a miner, and who had been ill-used by his landlords, dug a cave for himself by the seaside, at
Marsdon Rocks, between Shields and
272:
Spence may have been the first
Englishman to speak of 'the rights of man'. The following recollection, composed in the third person, was written by Spence while he was in prison in London in 1794 on a charge of high treason. Spence was, he wrote,
102:
132:
of land and a democratic equality of the sexes. Spence was one of the leading revolutionaries of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was born in poverty and died the same way, after long periods of imprisonment, in 1814.
315:
everyone would pronounce
English correctly, and the class distinctions carried by language would cease. This, he imagined, would bring a time of equality, peace and plenty: the millennium. He published
189:(wherein the absolute ownership of the land was vested) should be the only tax of any kind. His ideas and thinking on the subject were shaped by a variety of economic thinkers, including his friend
865:
T.M. Parssinen, "Thomas Spence and the
Spenceans: A Study of Revolutionary Utopianism in the England of George III" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Brandeis University, 1968).
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of land and the benefits of the rents received by each municipality. A part of everyone’s earnings would be seized by the State, and given to others.
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A Brief Sketch of the Life of Mr. Thomas Spence, Author of the
Spencean System of Agrarian Fellowship or Partnership in Land
954:
121:
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146:
486:, an economic philosophy holding that economic value derived from land should belong equally to all members of society.
238:
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A Descriptive and
Historical Account of the Town and County of Newcastle Upon Tyne, including the Borough of Gateshead
409:
577:"Constructing Treason, Narrating Truth: The 1794 Treason Trial of Thomas Holcroft and the Fate of English Jacobinism"
341:
59:
53:
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353:
70:
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Born in 1750 to a
Presbyterian family, Spence later left Newcastle for London in 1787. He kept a book-stall in
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178:
125:
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English
Pronunciation in the Eighteenth Century: Thomas Spence's Grand Repository of the English Language
420:
382:
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Spence's essay also expresses a clear commitment to the rights of women, although he appears unaware of
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on a charge of high treason, and in 1801 he was sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment for seditious
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969:
652:"An Anglo-Irish Radical in the Late Georgian Metropolis: Peter Finnerty and the Politics of Contempt"
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224:) at both parish level and through a system of deputies elected by parishes to a national senate;
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His admirers formed a "Society of
Spencean Philanthropists," of which some account is given in
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419:) maintained contacts with United Irish exiles in Paris, notably with the veteran conspirator
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but for the establishment of self-contained parochial communities, in which rent paid to the
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Spence explored his political and social concepts in a series of books about the fictional
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Radical
Underworld: Prophets, Revolutionaries, and Pornographers in London, 1795-1840
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494:
246:
345:
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Rents of land in parishes to be shared equally amongst parishioners, as a form of
637:
521:
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A. Bonnett, 'The Other Rights of Man: The Revolutionary Plan of Thomas Spence',
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with pronunciations (1775) and made phonetic versions of many of his pamphlets.
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to all members of the community. Such allowance would be financed through the
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596:
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Base of the Reformers Memorial, Kensal Green Cemetery, showing Spence's name
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The Pioneers of Land Reform: Thomas Spence, William Ogilvie, Thomas Paine
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A 'social guarantee' extended to provide income for those unable to work;
843:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 634.
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17:
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124:
21 June] 1750 – 8 September 1814) was an English
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and journey towards ultra-radicalism. His scheme was not for land
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
154:
108:
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by 'democratic parishes', which should be largely self-governing;
196:
At the centre of Spence's work was his plan, which argued for:
868:
T.M. Parssinen, 'The Revolutionary Party in London, 1816–20',
415:
Members of the Society of Spencean Philanthropists (including
38:
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in later editions. It was also reissued by, amongst others,
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This is in reference to the story of "Jack the Blaster" at
230:
The 'rights of infants' to be free from abuse and poverty.
749:
Alan Smith, "Arthur Thistlewood: A 'Regency Republican'."
547:. Oxford linguistics. Oxford University Press. p. 1.
177:
in 1771 appears to have been key to Spence's interest in
801:
The People's Farm: English Radical Agrarianism 1775–1840
693:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 23–24, 110.
322:
Examples of Spence's spelling system can be seen on the
352:. In this essay Spence proposes the introduction of an
616:
614:
531:, Spartacus-Educational.com, accessed 27 February 2019
858:(Mackenzie and Dent, Newcastle Upon Tyne 1827), I,
490:List of 18th-century British working-class writers
251:The Nationalization of the Land in 1795 and 1882
234:Spence's Plan was first published in his penny
634:Life, Writings and Principles of Thomas Spence
381:Spence is listed on the Reformers Memorial in
8:
854:E. Mackenzie, 'Memoir of Thomas Spence', in
783:Thomas Spence: The Poor Man's Revolutionary
735:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
990:English-language spelling reform advocates
900:(International Publishers, New York 1927)
30:For other people named Thomas Spence, see
283:Ye landlords vile, whose man's peace mar,
157:. He died in London on 8 September 1814.
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
620:
324:pages on English from the Spence Society
100:
52:This article includes a list of general
716:"The Spa Fields Riots, 2 December 1816"
517:
515:
511:
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398:England During the Thirty Years' Peace
200:The end of aristocracy and landlords;
145:. In 1794, with other members of the
7:
889:(1907 / Haskell, New York 1971), I,
465:The Important Trial of Thomas Spence
412:were drawn to this political group.
804:(Breviary Stuff Publications, 2010)
786:(Breviary Stuff Publications, 2014)
292:And live with all the RIGHTS OF MAN
881:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1972.tb01466.x
370:Vindication of the Rights of Woman
239:Property in Land Every One's Right
58:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
898:Thomas Spence and His Connections
289:Your stewards and lawyers I defy,
817:
310:English-language spelling reform
286:Come levy rents here if you can;
43:
965:People from Newcastle upon Tyne
930:Complete Works of Thomas Spence
980:Universal basic income writers
650:Wright, Jonathan (July 2014).
241:in 1775. It was re-issued as
32:Thomas Spence (disambiguation)
1:
471:Giant Killer or Anti-Landlord
423:, and were implicated in the
161:Land reform and Spence's Plan
317:the first English dictionary
147:London Corresponding Society
149:, he spent seven months in
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851:(Author, Manchester 1821).
656:Journal of British Studies
354:unconditional basic income
333:
307:
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960:English political writers
916:The Thomas Spence Society
875:(2007), pp. 266–282
459:Constitution of Spensonia
344:in 1797 as a response to
887:Robert Owen: A Biography
575:Wallace, Miriam (2007).
840:Encyclopædia Britannica
774:(2007), pp. 42–48.
636:(Wakelin, London 1836)
632:See also A. Davenport,
73:more precise citations.
923:The Real Rights of Man
714:Bloy, Marjie. (2003).
581:Romanticism on the Net
441:The Real Rights of Man
429:Cato Street Conspiracy
243:The Real Rights of Man
175:Town Moor in Newcastle
114:
106:
689:McCalum, Ian (1993).
435:Selected publications
421:William Putnam McCabe
383:Kensal Green Cemetery
342:The Rights of Infants
112:
104:
955:English pamphleteers
160:
128:and advocate of the
985:English suffragists
870:Historical Research
668:10.1017/jbr.2014.55
541:Beal, J.C. (2002).
377:Memorial and legacy
365:Mary Wollstonecraft
249:under the title of
203:All land should be
678:– via JSTOR.
527:2011-08-05 at the
417:Arthur Thistlewood
330:Rights of children
218:Universal suffrage
115:
107:
812:978-0-9564827-5-4
794:978-0-9570005-9-9
753:3 (1953): 846–52.
554:978-0-19-925667-9
453:Rights of Infants
447:End of Oppression
410:Robert Wedderburn
402:African Caribbean
394:Harriet Martineau
340:Spence published
336:Children's rights
179:the land question
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350:Agrarian Justice
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860:pp. 399-402
220:(including
171:common land
71:introducing
949:Categories
847:T. Evans,
799:M. Chase,
560:8 November
501:References
404:activists
334:See also:
308:See also:
79:March 2018
54:references
893:(Google).
891:p. 230 ff
862:(Google).
605:153759473
597:1467-1255
506:Citations
431:of 1820.
262:Spensonia
260:state of
173:known as
167:enclosure
781:(eds.),
731:cite web
721:29 March
676:24701793
638:(Google)
525:Archived
484:Georgism
478:See also
367:'s 1792
236:pamphlet
18:Spencean
940:, 1920.
925:, 1775.
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761:Sources
258:Utopian
169:of the
126:Radical
67:improve
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443:(1793)
400:. The
387:London
187:parish
56:, but
772:57(9)
672:JSTOR
601:S2CID
155:libel
808:ISBN
790:ISBN
737:link
723:2019
695:ISBN
593:ISSN
562:2022
549:ISBN
408:and
137:Life
122:O.S.
877:doi
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