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Measures were taken to prevent fraud, with public readings of the findings at each locality. Officers from other provinces were called when the local officers were not trustworthy. Test inquiries were also held in one locality within each province, to detect errors of implementation.
159:, the king saw fit to begin the survey in the interest of the Crown and the vassals (October 10, 1749). With the royal order came a comprehensive set of instructions, or handbook, for the correct implementation of the Catastro by the enquirers and the public.
217:, exempt from other taxes by their privileged condition, were also able to avoid the "sales taxes" because they raised their own crops, out of the regular markets where this tax (the alcabala) was paid. The existing tax system made
57:). It included population, territorial properties, buildings, cattle, offices, all kinds of revenue and trades, and even geographical informations from each place. It was encouraged by king
209:), which viewed the old tax system as anti-economic and injurious to the nation because it was only paid by the productive part of the population: the common people. The
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Other documents were completed simultaneously, like the so-called Census of
Ensenada, which produced an accurate estimation of 9.400.000 inhabitants for the
198:, etc.) was the objective of the new system. A single tax, proportional to the income of each person, was to be determined from the results of the Catastro.
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of 1766, and those were only tenuously connected with other reformist episodes), because the two countries were in unequal states of transition from
155:(first provincial authorities) and the head of the Barcelona Court. After receiving the negative opinion of Councils and the positive opinion of the
224:
The
Catastro did not lead to a substantial Treasury reform. Such a far-reaching reform was made impossible by the resistance of the privileged. The
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337:
46:
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produced a huge volume of documentation that affords historians an opportunity to analyze the economy, the society, the practices of the
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250:
The quality of the answers varied from province to province and from town to town. Given its accuracy, the data from the province of
30:
111:, “register of the properties”, but the etymology comes from “enquire”. In the 18th century there was a distinction between a
401:
396:
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keeps copies of all the answers. Most of the documents were microfilmed in the 1980s and are now available on the
Internet.
170:(i.e., the central treasury bureaucracy) rose from no more than three to more than a hundred, now under the orders of the
92:) and environmental data from 18th-century Spain. It is the best statistical register of the pre-statistical age of the
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against a similar tax system, while Spain made that change silently (the only disturbances were the easily calmed
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148:
254:(which covered more territory than it does today) were copied and sent as an example for the other provinces.
283:"El Marqués de la Ensenada. Ministro de Fernado VI. ¿Por que y para que un Catastro? Abre en nueva ventana"
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178:(a complex and heterogeneous mixture of revenues including all sorts of taxes, such as the
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The single tax proposal was inspired by a very modern economic doctrine (nearer the
117:, which was made by central officers who traveled to the places to enquire, and the
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261:(general responses) are held in several archives of the Spanish state, and the
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The
Catastro originated in a proposal for a single tax (
174:(royal commission for a single tax). The reform of the
41:and statistical investigation was conducted in the
369:published by the Spanish Ministry of Finances as
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76:of each place to the 40 questions of the
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123:, which was made by local authorities.
45:(15.000 castilian places; excluded the
27:1749 census within the Crown of Castile
303:from the original on 14 December 2009
7:
354:The data available on the Internet
168:Contadurías de Rentas Provinciales
25:
135:), studied by 16 members of the
172:Real Junta de Única Contribución
166:The number of officers in the
1:
360:An exhibition on the Catastro
332:. B. Blackwell. p. 168.
247:territory of Spain in 1756.
65:, and is known today as the
263:General Archive of Simancas
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329:Bourbon Spain, 1700-1808
294:Ministerio de Hacienda
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37:In 1749 a large-scale
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402:Ferdinand VI of Spain
397:Population statistics
61:and his minister the
59:Ferdinand VI of Spain
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290:Catastro de Ensenada
259:Respuestas Generales
67:Catastro of Ensenada
326:John Lynch (1989).
221:nearly impossible.
176:Rentas Provinciales
63:Marquis of Ensenada
407:History of Castile
365:2007-06-29 at the
137:Council of Castile
133:única contribución
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339:978-0-631-14576-9
16:(Redirected from
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230:Esquilache Riots
139:, the Hacienda (
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47:Basque provinces
43:Crown of Castile
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367:Wayback Machine
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226:French revolted
149:Military Orders
147:(America), the
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99:Today the word
74:general answers
55:Crown of Aragon
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292:(in Spanish).
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196:tercias reales
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127:The single tax
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120:amillaramiento
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392:1749 censuses
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320:Bibliography
305:. Retrieved
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207:mercantilism
205:school than
203:Physiocratic
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132:
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98:
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36:
157:intendentes
153:intendentes
96:in Europe.
90:manorialism
381:Categories
269:References
245:peninsular
238:capitalism
219:free trade
234:feudalism
180:alcabalas
363:Archived
298:Archived
213:and the
211:nobility
188:millones
141:Treasury
114:catastro
109:cadaster
103:catastro
88:system (
78:Catastro
53:and the
18:Catastro
192:cientos
151:, five
143:), the
84:señorío
51:Navarre
373:files.
336:
307:18 May
215:clergy
184:tithes
145:Indies
107:means
39:census
301:(PDF)
286:(PDF)
334:ISBN
309:2019
257:The
252:Jaén
72:The
371:PDF
236:to
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296:.
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182:,
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49:,
356:.
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20:)
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