47:
289:
301:. The deaths of two of her brothers confirmed Catherine in her hatred of King Henry III of France. Her third brother Charles, Duke of Mayenne, now became the leader of the league. Catherine was a woman warrior in the French tradition. In 1588 she led the resistance to Henry of Navarre wearing a soldier's helmet and brandishing a sword.
265:
Catherine controlled the media and sent bulletins to the preachers telling them what news to preach. According to Pierre de L'Estoile she bribed the preachers and curates to convey her message with money and offers of bishoprics, abbeys and other valuable offices. She could do this since her brother
309:
The king became reconciled with his brother-in-law Henry of
Navarre, and the two gathered an army to retake Paris. On 1 August 1589 Henry III formally recognized Henry of Navarre as his heir. A few hours later Henry III was assassinated by a fanatical Dominican friar. Catherine boasted of having
340:
Henry IV showed clemency and generosity to
Catherine. After Paris surrendered on 22 March 1594 she asked if there was someone who would stab her in the breast, but as soon as he entered the city Henry IV sent her greetings and told her she was under his personal protection. He received her that
318:
The man who brought the first news to the
Duchess of Montpensier (Catherine Marie de Lorraine) and her mother, Mme de Nemours, was received as a saviour; the duchess flung her arms round his neck and kissed him, crying, ' Ah, my friend, welcome! But it is true, is it not? Is the scoundrel, the
296:
On 23 December 1588 Henry III of France arranged for Henry I of Guise to be assassinated at the Château de Blois. The next day
Catherine's younger brother Cardinal Louis II was also assassinated at the Château de Blois. The bodies of both men were burned and their ashes thrown into the
250:, published in 1587, tried to discredit her and other women of the court with a satirical list of imagined titles that implied sexual voracity and infidelity. One was entitled "Inventory of the Proportions of French Cocks, with the Great Balls of Lorraine, by Madame de Nermoutier
183:
as a malicious intriguer. She was taunted for her limp, and in return was strongly hostile to the king's favorites. She was also opposed to the
Bourbons, her relations by marriage. She became the heroine of the Holy League that formed to oppose Henry III.
323:
Catherine now directed her hatred towards Henry of
Navarre. To end the conflict he announced that he would become a Catholic. During the struggle that continued from 1589 to 1594 Catherine, her mother Anna d'Este and her sister-in-law
196:
with
Catherine's brother Henry I of Guise and the Catholic League. On 18 July 1585 he signed an edict that cancelled all previous edicts of tolerance, paid mercenaries of the Catholic League from the royal treasury and prohibited
332:
in Paris. In 1593 Charles of
Mayenne convoked the States-General in Paris and tried unsuccessfully to be elected King of France with Catherine's support. On 27 February 1594 Henry of Navarre was crowned Henry IV of France at
349:. She later returned to Paris. Thunder was heard during the night that she died on 6 May 1596. Pierre de L'Estoile wrote in his diary that he was sure this was caused by the passing of her malignant and tempestuous spirit.
266:
Louis II Cardinal de
Lorraine was the leading prelate in France. In January 1588 Henry III asked her to leave Paris due to her hostile activity. He said she had done more for the League than any army.
341:
evening and played cards with her. In 1595 there were rumours that the
Parlement wanted to seek the perpetrators of the disorders caused by the League. Catherine was terrified and sought refuge with
205:
was disinherited. However, the king did not give the Guises enough support to defeat the Protestants, and the conflict dragged out. Henry III proposed to marry Catherine to his favorite
607:
Memoirs of Maximilian de Bethune: Duke of Sully, Prime Minister to Henry the Great, Containing the History of the Life and Reign of that Monarch, and His Own Administration Under Him
219:, both hostile to Catherine, portrayed her as directing League propaganda, and called her "the governess of the League in Paris." In July 1587 a board was erected in the cloister of
677:
365:
Many genealogists perpetuate the error that Catherine was born on 18 July 1552 rather than the correct date of 18 July 1551. The earlier date is confirmed by a letter from
231:. It was generally thought that Catherine de Montpensier was responsible for the board, which was viewed by many people each day. The board probably used images from the
281:
of Paris began a trial of Henry III. Catherine now considered herself queen of Paris. She took to wearing a pair of scissors at her belt that she said she would use to
319:
traitor, the tyrant, dead? God, how you relieve me! I am only crossed by one thing; that is, that he did not know before he died that it was I who had him killed!
46:
128:
179:
Louis of Montpensier died on 23 September 1582 leaving Catherine a widow at 30 years of age. She did not remarry. She was known at the court of
632:
537:
366:
86:
288:
346:
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168:(1555–88). She grew up during the French Wars of Religion, a civil war between Protestant and Catholic factions. In 1570 she married
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165:
132:(18 July 1551 – 5 May 1596), was a French princess from the house of Guise who played a leading political role in the
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169:
672:
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Fighting broke out in Paris on 12 May 1588 and about 60 of the king's soldiers were killed. The next day the
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337:. The leading noblemen supported the coronation, and on 22 March 1594 Henry IV entered Paris in triumph.
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fell, Catherine's brother Henry I of Guise took control of Paris and Henry III of France fled to his
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Catherine-Marie de Lorraine (or de Guise) was born on 18 July 1551. She was the second child of
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369:, to the Duke of Guise dated 4 August 1551 congratulating him on the birth of his daughter.
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173:
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258:, Marquise de Noirmoutier, with Henry of Guise, Henry of Navarre and the king's brother
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118:
98:
651:
201:. The Guise party received favors and positions, while Henry of Navarre, the future
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588:"6 mai 1596 : mort de la duchesse de Montpensier (Catherine-Marie de Lorraine)"
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407:
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Heroines and History: Representations of Madeleine de Verchères and Laura Secord
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caused the assassination of Henry III as enemy of the League. According to
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63:
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160:(1550–88), known as the Balafré. Her younger brothers included
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for activities that would undermine support for Henry III.
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437:
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Henry III with his foot on the corpse of Henry I of Guise
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that represented the sufferings of Catholics under Queen
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Mary Queen of Scots and French Public Opinion, 1542-1600
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Coates, Colin MacMillan; Morgan, Cecilia Louise (2002),
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114:
104:
92:
82:
69:
53:
32:
233:Theatrum Crudelitatum haereticorum nostri temporis
239:, who had been paid large sums of money by King
192:On 7 July 1585 Henry III was forced to sign the
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285:the king before locking him up in a monastery.
209:, but Catherine flatly refused to marry him.
8:
678:French people of the French Wars of Religion
604:Sully, Maximilien de Béthune duc de (1778),
467:
428:
254:This referred to rumoured liaisons between
246:Catherine's enemies were not inactive. The
513:Histoire de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée
45:
29:
455:
443:
412:Catherine-Marie de Lorraine ... Histoire
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376:
358:
227:. The final scene was the execution of
555:Lettres inédites de Dianne de Poytiers
569:Hare, Augustus John Cuthbert (1888),
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248:Library of the Duchess of Montpensier
87:Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier
7:
479:
207:Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette
367:Charles de Cossé, Count of Brissac
25:
552:Guiffrey, George Maurice (1866),
188:Ascendancy of the Catholic League
18:Catherine de Lorraine (1552–1596)
347:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
532:, University of Toronto Press,
1:
509:"Catherine-Marie de Lorraine"
127:Catherine-Marie de Lorraine,
621:Wilkinson, A. (2004-06-10),
558:(in French), Vve J. Renouard
610:, J. Rivington (and others)
586:La Rédaction (5 May 2013),
166:Louis II, Cardinal of Guise
33:Catherine-Marie de Lorraine
699:
170:Louis, Duke of Montpensier
627:, Palgrave Macmillan UK,
305:Defeat of the Guise party
156:. Her elder brother was
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37:
468:Coates & Morgan 2002
162:Charles, Duke of Mayenne
575:, G. Routledge and sons
213:Jacques Auguste de Thou
138:French Wars of Religion
321:
293:
260:Francis, Duke of Anjou
225:Elizabeth I of England
158:Henry I, Duke of Guise
150:Francis, Duke of Guise
129:Duchess of Montpensier
109:Francis, Duke of Guise
39:Duchess of Montpensier
27:Duchess of Montpensier
592:La France pittoresque
291:
343:Catherine de Bourbon
229:Mary, Queen of Scots
326:Catherine of Cleves
217:Pierre de L'Estoile
181:Henry III of France
335:Chartres Cathedral
294:
256:Charlotte de Sauve
241:Philip II of Spain
203:Henry IV of France
683:Duchesses regnant
634:978-0-230-28615-3
539:978-0-8020-8330-2
429:La Rédaction 2013
330:Hôtel de la Reine
194:Treaty of Nemours
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16:(Redirected from
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673:French duchesses
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237:Richard Rowlands
164:(1554–1611) and
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572:Walks in Paris
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494:, p. 176.
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456:Wilkinson 2004
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444:Wilkinson 2004
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174:Bourbon family
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658:1550s births
638:, retrieved
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543:, retrieved
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517:, retrieved
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312:Paul Lacroix
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57:18 July 1551
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663:1596 deaths
515:(in French)
154:Anna d'Este
144:Early years
136:during the
119:Anna d'Este
652:Categories
640:2017-11-17
614:2017-11-17
597:2017-11-17
579:2017-11-17
562:2017-11-17
545:2017-11-17
519:2017-11-17
492:Sully 1778
73:5 May 1596
480:Hare 1888
279:Parlement
172:, of the
60:Joinville
271:Bastille
78:, France
501:Sources
345:in the
283:tonsure
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536:
277:. The
152:, and
115:Mother
105:Father
83:Spouse
64:France
353:Notes
299:Seine
99:Guise
94:House
76:Paris
629:ISBN
534:ISBN
215:and
70:Died
54:Born
314:,
235:of
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62:,
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20:)
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