133:
1253:
436:
3025:
3030:
158:
678:
3053:
615:
2243:
566:
417:
722:
1354:
2229:
1190:
1234:
was a bird based on a mathematical comparison of the body proportions of flightless birds and non-avian theropods. Dyke and Norell (2005) criticized this result for flaws in their mathematical methods, and produced results of their own which supported the opposite conclusion. Other researchers not
760:
is both an oviraptorid and a bird. In their analysis, birds evolved from more primitive theropods, and one lineage of birds became flightless, re-evolved some primitive features, and gave rise to the oviraptorids. This analysis was persuasive enough to be included in paleontological textbooks like
1201:
has clear and unambiguously pennaceous feathers, like modern birds, and because several cladistic analyses have consistently recovered it as a non-avian oviraptorid dinosaur, it provided, at the time of its description, the clearest and most succinct evidence that birds evolved from dinosaurs.
657:. It has a primitive pelvis and shoulder, and primitive skull details in the quadratojugal, squamosal, quadrate, jugal, and mandibular fenestra (in the cheek, jaw, and jaw joint). It has a hand skeleton with a reduced third finger, like that of early birds and the oviraptorid
540:
lacking the skull was found in sediments of the "Layer 6" of the Yixian
Formation, at the Zhangjiagou locality, which is set apart 3 km (1.9 mi) from Sihetun. This specimen, IVPP V 12344, was in 2000 described and designed as the holotype for new species
697:
supported symmetrical, pennaceous feathers that had vanes and barbs, measuring between 15–20 centimetres (5.9–7.9 inches) long. The primary feathers were arranged in a wing-like fan along the second finger, just like primary feathers of birds and other
588:
In 2021 Xiaoting Zheng and team described STM4-3 representing an articulated individual lacking the skull and tail tip, including abundant integument, gastroliths, but also a cartilage fragment that was reported to preserve
1206:
stated: “The presence of unambiguous feathers in an unambiguously non-avian theropod has the rhetorical impact of an atomic bomb, rendering any doubt about the theropod relationships of birds ludicrous.”
669:
had uncinate processes on the ribs, birdlike teeth, a first toe which may or may not be partially reversed and overall body proportions that are comparable to those of modern flightless birds.
585:
sp. respectively. Both individuals preserve nearly complete skulls and have feather impressions. Further analyses to IVPP V 12430 have revealed the preservation of propatagium on its left arm.
756:(2004) ran a cladistic analysis that came to a different conclusion. They found that the most birdlike features of oviraptorids actually place the whole clade within Aves itself, meaning that
2109:
Godefroit, Pascal; Cau, Andrea; Hu, Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds".
629:
was a small theropod, measuring 72.5–89 cm (2 ft 4.5 in – 2 ft 11.0 in) long and weighing about 5 kg (11 lb) based on femur length. Like many other
1400:
3212:
3182:
2314:
3118:
3197:
3192:
2276:
1775:
2256:
2005:
LĂĽ, J., Dong, Z., Azuma, Y., Barsbold, R., and Tomida, Y. (2002). "Oviraptorosaurs compared to birds." In Zhou, Z., and Zhang, F. (eds.),
2286:
3046:
1372:
2266:
3202:
1261:
545:, and in a similar fashion to previous specimens of the genus, it preserves exquisite traces of feather integument. The specific name
2168:
1994:
1698:
3024:
2307:
1439:
2181:
Xu, X.; Norell, M.A. (2006). "Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower
Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China".
132:
3177:
1464:
3029:
157:
446:
3187:
2300:
1628:"Identification of avian flapping motion from non-volant winged dinosaurs based on modal effective mass analysis"
2087:
1709:
Osmolska, H., Currie, P.J., and
Barsbold, R. (2004). "Oviraptorosauria." In Weishampel, Dodson, Osmolska (eds.)
3172:
3056:
2411:
427:
1326:. They appear to have been fairly common, though isolated to this small region. The specific region in which
1252:
518:
435:
2233:
1214:
was unambiguously non-avian, and some of them continued to doubt that general consensus. Paleornithologist
3073:
2073:
1235:
normally involved in the debate over bird origins, such as Zhou, acknowledged that the true affinities of
460:
1778:
3207:
3144:
2696:
3105:
2465:
2190:
2118:
1937:
1742:
1639:
1415:
145:
2078:
2587:
1367:
1080:
781:
530:
2438:
2206:
2142:
2091:
1766:
1431:
594:
152:
3149:
3131:
2615:
2580:
2164:
2134:
2064:
Martin, L.D.; Czerkas, S.A. (2000). "The Fossil Record of
Feather Evolution in the Mesozoic".
2020:
1990:
1955:
1892:
1860:
1821:
1758:
1694:
1667:
1608:
1332:
885:
837:
485:
468:
3136:
2247:
645:
with a beak-like snout that retained only a few tapered teeth in the front of the upper jaw.
2800:
2533:
2511:
2477:
2323:
2198:
2126:
2083:
1945:
1868:
1852:
1811:
1803:
1792:"Recent advances in amniote palaeocolour reconstruction and a framework for future research"
1750:
1657:
1647:
1598:
1588:
1555:
1545:
1423:
1359:
1338:
1311:
823:
740:
725:
501:
is NGMC 97-4-A, a nearly complete individual preserving conspicuous feather impressions and
464:
361:
244:
41:
677:
593:. The specimen was collected from outcrops of the Yixian Formation at Dapingfang Town near
403:
has led to many intensive studies and debate over the relationship of birds and dinosaurs.
2725:
2638:
2622:
2396:
1976:
Weishampel, Dodson, Osmolska. "Chapter 8 Oviraptorosauria" University of
California Press.
1922:
1921:
Turner, Alan H.; Pol, Diego; Clarke, Julia A.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Norell, Mark (2007).
1203:
979:
770:
706:
was covered in black feathers, with a visible banding pattern preserved on tail feathers.
373:
653:
Its short tail was stiffened toward the tip, with few vertebrae, like in birds and other
2194:
2122:
1941:
1873:
1746:
1643:
1419:
2993:
2979:
2786:
2763:
2648:
2573:
2558:
1816:
1791:
1662:
1627:
1603:
1576:
1560:
1533:
989:
861:
774:
745:
654:
554:
389:
350:
1689:
Witmer, L.M. (2005). “The Debate on Avian
Ancestry; Phylogeny, Function and Fossils”,
479:
were later described in 1998 and used as the type specimens for the new dinosaur taxa
3166:
2965:
2943:
2884:
2868:
2815:
2689:
2675:
2599:
1727:
1506:
1435:
1322:. Specifically, they come from a small area of the Jianshangou bed, near the town of
1215:
1042:
1020:
1003:
509:
is NGMC 97-9-A, another relatively complete individual with feather impressions. The
257:
83:
2210:
2095:
1626:
Talori, Y.S.; Zhao, J.-S.; Liu, Y.-F.; Lu, W.-X.; Li, Z.-H.; O'Connor, J.K. (2019).
2936:
2892:
2850:
2793:
2736:
2710:
2380:
2146:
2007:
Proceedings of the 5th
Symposium of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution
1840:
1790:
Roy, Arindam; Pittman, Michael; Saitta, Evan T.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Xu, Xing (2020).
1770:
933:
790:
550:
287:
565:
399:
It had a stout trunk, long legs and was probably a swift runner. The discovery of
1726:
Jones, T.D.; Farlow, J.O.; Ruben, J.A.; Henderson, D.M.; Hillenius, W.J. (2000).
1652:
2986:
2919:
2857:
2779:
2772:
2450:
1323:
1291:, and modern birds, these gastroliths remain in the position where the animals'
806:
699:
630:
614:
590:
573:
During 2000, Zhong-He Zhou and colleagues described two additional specimens of
502:
58:
17:
2242:
1593:
1550:
416:
3000:
2951:
2828:
2752:
2682:
2668:
2661:
2362:
2353:
1987:
Dinosaurs of the Air: The
Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds.
1349:
1279:
810:
732:
721:
526:
215:
103:
68:
3096:
1864:
2958:
2907:
2900:
2835:
2703:
2565:
2423:
2371:
1950:
1856:
1483:
1287:
1223:
1056:
798:
659:
228:
169:
108:
52:
2138:
1959:
1825:
1762:
1671:
1612:
2228:
3090:
2877:
2842:
2717:
2551:
2347:
1577:"Nuclear preservation in the cartilage of the Jehol dinosaur Caudipteryx"
1315:
1271:
916:
598:
506:
498:
456:
353:
202:
189:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
2130:
1189:
3123:
2745:
1292:
1283:
381:
365:
113:
88:
1807:
2341:
1754:
1307:
476:
179:
45:
3067:
2202:
809:, is a flightless bird, and that birds evolved from non-dinosaurian
2292:
1841:"Functional constraints on the number and shape of flight feathers"
2972:
2928:
2045:
Martin, Larry D. (2004). "A basal archosaurian origin for birds".
1427:
1319:
1251:
1188:
1097:
720:
676:
642:
613:
564:
510:
472:
346:
1923:"A basal dromaeosaurid and size evolution preceding avian flight"
702:. An additional fan of feathers existed on its tail. The body of
3110:
377:
369:
357:
3071:
2334:
2296:
1972:
OsmĂłlska, Halszka, Currie, Philip J., Barsbold, Rinchen (2004)
743:, and the oviraptorosaurians are non-avian theropod dinosaurs.
529:
for his prominent support to the scientific community as the
709:
A study on the number of flight feathers has concluded that
536:
Around the summer of 1988, a partially complete skeleton of
459:
skeletons were recovered from the
Jiulongsong Member of the
2287:
Scientists: Fossils prove that birds evolved from dinosaurs
2088:
10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0687:TFROFE]2.0.CO;2
816:
A weighted cladogram from 2014, using TNT, is shown below.
633:, has a mix of reptile- and bird-like anatomical features.
1897:
as a non-avialan theropod rather than a flightless bird"
1713:, second edition. University of California Press, 2004.
1469:
from the Yixian
Formation of Liaoning, northeast China"
1839:
Kiat, Yosef; O’Connor, Jingmai K. (20 February 2024).
1575:
Zheng, X.; Bailleul, A. M.; Li, Z.; Zhou, Z. (2021).
1282:
are preserved. As in some herbivorous dinosaurs, the
372:
in their overall appearance, to the point that some
321:
294:
3080:
2918:
2867:
2814:
2762:
2735:
2647:
2636:
2598:
2531:
2476:
2449:
2422:
2395:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1399:Ji, Q.; Currie, P.J.; Norell, M.A.; Ji, S. (1998).
749:is the only oviraptorosaur that is more primitive.
1534:"Origin of the propatagium in non-avian dinosaurs"
1511:- Evidence from two nearly complete new specimens"
1401:"Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China"
1226:dinosaurs rather than from late theropods. Jones
2019:Maryańska, T.; Osmólska, H.; Wolsan, M. (2002).
1330:lived was home to the other feathered dinosaurs
769:was secondarily flightless is also preferred by
1845:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1721:
1719:
681:Wing reconstruction and feather impressions of
2265:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County:
1505:Zhou, Z.; Wang, X.; Zhang, F.; Xu, X. (2000).
1500:
1498:
1496:
2308:
8:
2163:. 420 pp. Yale University Press, New Haven.
1691:Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
364:, around 124.6 million years ago. They were
1989:Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
1222:as a flightless bird evolving from earlier
3068:
2820:
2653:
2644:
2543:
2539:
2528:
2455:
2428:
2401:
2392:
2331:
2315:
2301:
2293:
1685:
1683:
1681:
131:
31:
2077:
1949:
1891:Dyke, Gareth J.; Norell, Mark A. (2005).
1886:
1884:
1872:
1815:
1661:
1651:
1602:
1592:
1559:
1549:
577:, BPM 0001 and IVPP V 12430, referred to
1210:However, not all scientists agreed that
1193:Skeletal restorations of three specimens
3213:Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera
1384:
2021:"Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria"
739:is a basal (primitive) member of the
731:The consensus view, based on several
7:
1728:"Cursoriality in bipedal archosaurs"
789:Others, such as Stephen Czerkas and
1373:Timeline of oviraptorosaur research
1072:
1048:
995:
985:
958:
908:
901:
877:
853:
829:
819:
801:dinosaur at all. They believe that
3183:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
1262:National Museum of Natural Science
493:was erected with the type species
25:
2161:The Origin and Evolution of Birds
2009:, 175–189. Beijing Science Press.
1256:Gastroliths in stomach region of
27:Genus of oviraptorosaur dinosaurs
3052:
3051:
3028:
3023:
2275:Research Casting International:
2241:
2227:
1352:
569:Specimen STM4-3 and line diagram
517:, means "tail feather", and the
455:In 1997, several well-preserved
434:
415:
156:
1278:(NGMC 97 4 A and NGMC 97 9 A),
1274:. In at least two specimens of
3198:Taxa named by Philip J. Currie
1532:Uno, Y.; Hirasawa, T. (2023).
467:), at the Sihetun locality of
345:(meaning "tail feather") is a
1:
3193:Fossil taxa described in 1998
2028:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1904:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1653:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006846
1482:(2): 113–130. Archived from
713:was secondarily flightless.
463:(now Jianshangou Bed of the
1463:Zhou, Z.; Wang, X. (2000).
1270:is thought to have been an
3229:
1632:PLOS Computational Biology
1594:10.1038/s42003-021-02627-8
1551:10.1186/s40851-023-00204-x
447:Geological Museum of China
3203:Taxa named by Mark Norell
3041:
3021:
2823:
2656:
2546:
2542:
2527:
2508:
2458:
2431:
2404:
2391:
2330:
2267:From Dinosaurs to Birds:
1779:Supplementary information
1094:
1077:
1070:
1053:
1046:
1017:
1000:
993:
983:
963:
956:
930:
913:
906:
899:
882:
875:
858:
851:
834:
827:
318:
313:
293:
286:
153:Scientific classification
151:
139:
130:
34:
2282:. Retrieved 2007-FEB-19.
2272:. Retrieved 2007-FEB-19.
2262:. Retrieved 2007-FEB-19.
1310:were recovered from the
428:Hong Kong Science Museum
2289:. Retrieved 2007-AUG-10
1951:10.1126/science.1144066
1857:10.1073/pnas.2306639121
1507:"Important features of
1185:Relationship with birds
763:Vertebrate Paleontology
1581:Communications Biology
1515:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
1476:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
1264:
1194:
765:(2005). The view that
728:
690:
623:
570:
461:Chaomidianzi Formation
3145:Paleobiology Database
2159:Feduccia, A. (1999).
2047:Acta Zoologica Sinica
1255:
1192:
724:
680:
641:It had a short, boxy
617:
568:
384:have been described:
331:Zhou & Wang, 2000
2238:at Wikimedia Commons
1445:on 17 December 2008.
793:have concluded that
649:Postcranial skeleton
561:Additional specimens
3178:Feathered dinosaurs
2588:Scansoriopterygidae
2277:Life-size model of
2257:Chinese Dinosaurs:
2255:Australian Museum:
2195:2006GeolJ..41..419X
2131:10.1038/nature12168
2123:2013Natur.498..359G
1985:Paul, G.S. (2002).
1942:2007Sci...317.1378T
1936:(5843): 1378–1381.
1747:2000Natur.406..716J
1644:2019PLSCB..15E6846T
1420:1998Natur.393..753Q
1368:Dinosaur coloration
618:Size comparison of
376:suggested it was a
2183:Geological Journal
2066:American Zoologist
1796:Biological Reviews
1538:Zoological Letters
1489:on 7 October 2007.
1465:"A new species of
1265:
1260:specimen BPV 085,
1230:(2000) found that
1195:
735:analyses, is that
729:
691:
624:
622:species to a human
571:
3160:
3159:
3132:Open Tree of Life
3074:Taxon identifiers
3065:
3064:
3037:
3036:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
2810:
2809:
2632:
2631:
2616:Similicaudipteryx
2581:Protarchaeopteryx
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2232:Media related to
2117:(7454): 359–362.
1808:10.1111/brv.12552
1741:(6797): 716–718.
1414:(6687): 753–761.
1295:would have been.
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1032:
1031:
945:
944:
886:Similicaudipteryx
838:Protarchaeopteryx
752:Halszka OsmĂłlska
543:Caudipteryx dongi
525:, is in honor of
486:Protarchaeopteryx
469:Liaoning province
338:
337:
332:
282:
16:(Redirected from
3220:
3188:Fossils of China
3153:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3127:
3126:
3114:
3113:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3069:
3055:
3054:
3032:
3027:
2821:
2801:Epichirostenotes
2654:
2645:
2544:
2540:
2534:Oviraptorosauria
2529:
2512:Oviraptorosauria
2478:Oviraptorosauria
2456:
2429:
2402:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2332:
2324:Oviraptorosauria
2317:
2310:
2303:
2294:
2279:Caudipteryx zoui
2259:Caudipteryx zoui
2246:Data related to
2245:
2231:
2215:
2214:
2189:(3–4): 419–437.
2178:
2172:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2081:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2025:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1983:
1977:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1901:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1819:
1787:
1781:
1774:
1755:10.1038/35021041
1732:
1723:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1687:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1553:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1502:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1473:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1438:. Archived from
1405:
1396:
1362:
1360:Dinosaurs portal
1357:
1356:
1355:
1339:Sinornithosaurus
1312:Yixian Formation
1299:Paleoenvironment
1239:were debatable.
1073:
1049:
996:
986:
959:
909:
902:
878:
854:
830:
824:Oviraptorosauria
820:
741:Oviraptorosauria
726:Life restoration
465:Yixian Formation
438:
419:
392:), in 1998, and
362:Early Cretaceous
330:
323:
299:Caudipteryx zoui
296:
276:
269:
256:
245:Oviraptorosauria
243:
161:
160:
142:Caudipteryx zoui
135:
125:
55:
42:Early Cretaceous
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
18:Caudipteryx zoui
3228:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3173:Oviraptorosaurs
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3135:
3130:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3076:
3066:
3061:
3033:
3007:
2914:
2863:
2806:
2758:
2731:
2726:Ojoraptorsaurus
2641:
2639:Caenagnathoidea
2628:
2623:Xingtianosaurus
2594:
2536:
2515:
2492:
2472:
2445:
2418:
2412:Avemetatarsalia
2397:Avemetatarsalia
2387:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2321:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2203:10.1002/gj.1044
2180:
2179:
2175:
2158:
2154:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2079:10.1.1.505.6483
2063:
2062:
2058:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2004:
2000:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1708:
1704:
1688:
1679:
1638:(5). e1006846.
1625:
1624:
1620:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1486:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1450:
1442:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1386:
1381:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1301:
1250:
1245:
1204:Lawrence Witmer
1187:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1033:
980:Caenagnathoidea
946:
771:Gregory S. Paul
719:
675:
655:oviraptorosaurs
651:
639:
612:
607:
563:
453:
452:
451:
450:
449:
439:
431:
430:
420:
409:
374:paleontologists
329:
309:
302:
275:
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146:Löwentor Museum
126:
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38:
28:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
3226:
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3205:
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3038:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2980:Machairasaurus
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2933:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2881:
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2854:
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2832:
2824:
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2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2787:Caenagnathasia
2783:
2776:
2768:
2766:
2764:Caenagnathinae
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2651:
2649:Caenagnathidae
2642:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2584:
2577:
2574:Ningyuansaurus
2570:
2562:
2559:Incisivosaurus
2555:
2547:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2505:
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2328:
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2322:
2320:
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2312:
2305:
2297:
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2283:
2273:
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2252:at Wikispecies
2239:
2223:
2222:External links
2220:
2217:
2216:
2173:
2152:
2101:
2072:(4): 687–694.
2056:
2037:
2011:
1998:
1978:
1974:The Dinosauria
1965:
1913:
1880:
1831:
1782:
1715:
1711:The Dinosauria
1702:
1693: : 3–30.
1677:
1618:
1567:
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1448:
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1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1370:
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990:Caenagnathidae
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898:
895:
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890:
881:
876:
874:
871:
870:
867:
866:
862:Incisivosaurus
857:
852:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
833:
828:
826:
818:
746:Incisivosaurus
718:
717:Classification
715:
674:
671:
650:
647:
638:
635:
611:
608:
606:
603:
562:
559:
555:paleontologist
440:
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410:
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405:
368:and extremely
356:that lived in
351:oviraptorosaur
336:
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314:Other species
311:
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10:
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3092:
3088:
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3083:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3058:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3031:
3026:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2966:Jiangxisaurus
2963:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:Ganzhousaurus
2941:
2939:
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2934:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:Corythoraptor
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2869:Oviraptorinae
2866:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Oviraptoridae
2813:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2697:Leptorhynchos
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:Gigantoraptor
2687:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:Chirostenotes
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2600:Caudipteridae
2597:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
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2560:
2556:
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2553:
2549:
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2545:
2541:
2538:
2535:
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2526:
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2486:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2169:0-300-07861-7
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2053:(6): 978–990.
2052:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1995:0-8018-6763-0
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1910:(1): 101–116.
1909:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:0-520-20094-2
1696:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1521:(4): 241–254.
1520:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:10.1038/31635
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1371:
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1366:
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1361:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:Alan Feduccia
1213:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1043:Oviraptoridae
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:Gigantoraptor
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:Chirostenotes
998:
997:
991:
988:
987:
981:
978:
977:
974:
973:
970:
969:
968:
961:
960:
954:
953:
950:
949:
941:
940:
937:
936:
935:
928:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
918:
911:
910:
904:
903:
897:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:
887:
880:
879:
873:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
863:
856:
855:
849:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
839:
832:
831:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
812:
808:
807:maniraptorans
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
786:
783:
779:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
755:
750:
748:
747:
742:
738:
734:
727:
723:
716:
714:
712:
707:
705:
701:
700:maniraptorans
696:
693:The hands of
688:
684:
679:
672:
670:
668:
664:
662:
661:
656:
648:
646:
644:
636:
634:
632:
631:maniraptorans
628:
621:
616:
609:
604:
602:
600:
596:
592:
586:
584:
580:
576:
567:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:specific name
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
448:
444:
437:
429:
425:
418:
406:
404:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:
348:
344:
343:
328:
327:
320:
319:
317:
312:
307:
301:
300:
292:
289:
285:
280:
274:
273:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:Caudipteridae
253:
250:
249:
246:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
159:
154:
150:
147:
143:
138:
134:
129:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
47:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3208:Yixian fauna
3081:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2937:Conchoraptor
2935:
2927:
2906:
2899:
2893:Huanansaurus
2891:
2883:
2876:
2856:
2851:Tongtianlong
2849:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2799:
2794:Caenagnathus
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2751:
2744:
2737:Elmisaurinae
2724:
2716:
2711:Microvenator
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2621:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2510:
2381:Pennaraptora
2376:
2367:
2358:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2234:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2160:
2155:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2034:(1): 97–116.
2031:
2027:
2014:
2006:
2001:
1986:
1981:
1973:
1968:
1933:
1929:
1916:
1907:
1903:
1894:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1802:(1): 22–50.
1799:
1795:
1785:
1738:
1734:
1710:
1705:
1690:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1484:the original
1479:
1475:
1466:
1440:the original
1411:
1407:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1304:
1302:
1286:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1257:
1243:Paleobiology
1236:
1231:
1227:
1224:archosaurian
1219:
1211:
1209:
1198:
1196:
1096:
1095:
1079:
1078:
1055:
1054:
1019:
1018:
1002:
1001:
966:
965:
964:
934:Microvenator
932:
931:
915:
914:
884:
883:
860:
859:
836:
835:
815:
802:
794:
791:Larry Martin
788:
784:
777:
766:
762:
757:
753:
751:
744:
736:
730:
710:
708:
703:
694:
692:
686:
685:sp. (a) and
682:
666:
665:
658:
652:
640:
626:
625:
619:
591:chondrocytes
587:
582:
578:
574:
572:
553:, a Chinese
551:Zhiming Dong
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:vice premier
522:
514:
511:generic name
494:
490:
484:
480:
454:
442:
441:Holotype of
423:
422:Paratype of
400:
398:
393:
390:type species
385:
341:
340:
339:
325:
324:
305:
298:
297:
288:Type species
278:
271:
270:
235:
222:
209:
196:
144:skeleton at
141:
35:
29:
3082:Caudipteryx
2987:Nemegtomaia
2920:Heyuanninae
2780:Apatoraptor
2609:Caudipteryx
2466:Maniraptora
2451:Maniraptora
2269:Caudipteryx
2249:Caudipteryx
2235:Caudipteryx
1895:Caudipteryx
1509:Caudipteryx
1467:Caudipteryx
1328:Caudipteryx
1324:Zhangjiakou
1305:Caudipteryx
1280:gastroliths
1276:Caudipteryx
1268:Caudipteryx
1237:Caudipteryx
1232:Caudipteryx
1220:Caudipteryx
1212:Caudipteryx
1199:Caudipteryx
967:Caudipteryx
805:, like all
803:Caudipteryx
795:Caudipteryx
767:Caudipteryx
758:Caudipteryx
737:Caudipteryx
711:Caudipteryx
695:Caudipteryx
683:Caudipteryx
667:Caudipteryx
627:Caudipteryx
620:Caudipteryx
605:Description
597:city, west
575:Caudipteryx
538:Caudipteryx
515:Caudipteryx
503:gastroliths
491:Caudipteryx
481:Caudipteryx
401:Caudipteryx
396:, in 2000.
360:during the
342:Caudipteryx
272:Caudipteryx
51:124.6
36:Caudipteryx
3167:Categories
3045:See also:
3001:Shixinggia
2952:Gobiraptor
2829:Luoyanggia
2753:Elmisaurus
2683:Eoneophron
2669:Beibeilong
2662:Anomalipes
2487:see below↓
2363:Dinosauria
2354:Sauropsida
1379:References
811:archosaurs
533:of China.
527:Zou Jiahua
216:Saurischia
203:Dinosauria
2959:Heyuannia
2908:Rinchenia
2901:Oviraptor
2836:Nankangia
2704:Hagryphus
2439:Theropoda
2424:Theropoda
2372:Theropoda
2340:Kingdom:
2074:CiteSeerX
1865:0027-8424
1436:205001388
1288:Sapeornis
1057:Oviraptor
797:is not a
782:Maryańska
761:Benton's
733:cladistic
660:Heyuannia
445:, at the
426:, at the
366:feathered
354:dinosaurs
349:of small
326:C. dongi?
229:Theropoda
176:Kingdom:
170:Eukaryota
3091:Wikidata
3057:Category
3047:Timeline
2878:Citipati
2843:Nomingia
2718:Nomingia
2552:Avimimus
2348:Chordata
2346:Phylum:
2342:Animalia
2211:32369205
2139:23719374
2096:85701665
1960:17823350
1874:10895369
1826:31538399
1763:10963594
1672:31048911
1613:34561538
1587:(1125).
1346:See also
1316:Liaoning
1293:gizzards
1272:omnivore
1197:Because
1081:Citipati
917:Avimimus
799:theropod
687:C. dongi
673:Feathers
599:Liaoning
595:Chaoyang
507:paratype
499:holotype
497:and the
457:dinosaur
394:C. dongi
370:birdlike
251:Family:
190:Chordata
186:Phylum:
180:Animalia
166:Domain:
140:Mounted
3137:4129551
3124:4821940
3111:4433823
3097:Q131069
2746:Citipes
2352:Class:
2191:Bibcode
2147:4364892
2119:Bibcode
1938:Bibcode
1930:Science
1817:7004074
1771:4395244
1743:Bibcode
1663:6497222
1640:Bibcode
1604:8463611
1561:9951497
1416:Bibcode
1308:fossils
1284:avialan
1258:C. zoui
704:C. zoui
579:C. zoui
549:honors
495:C. zoui
477:fossils
443:C. zoui
424:C. zoui
407:History
386:C. zoui
382:species
264:Genus:
120:↓
2994:Oksoko
2858:Yulong
2209:
2167:
2145:
2137:
2111:Nature
2094:
2076:
1993:
1958:
1871:
1863:
1824:
1814:
1769:
1761:
1735:Nature
1697:
1670:
1660:
1611:
1601:
1558:
1434:
1408:Nature
1333:Dilong
1228:et al.
785:et al.
780:, and
778:et al.
754:et al.
505:. The
475:. The
380:. Two
308:, 1998
306:et al.
279:et al.
46:Aptian
3150:66065
2973:Khaan
2929:Banji
2377:Clade
2368:Clade
2359:Clade
2285:CNN:
2207:S2CID
2143:S2CID
2092:S2CID
2024:(PDF)
1926:(PDF)
1900:(PDF)
1851:(8).
1767:S2CID
1731:(PDF)
1544:(4).
1487:(PDF)
1472:(PDF)
1443:(PDF)
1432:S2CID
1404:(PDF)
1320:China
1218:sees
1098:Khaan
643:skull
637:Skull
547:dongi
473:China
388:(the
347:genus
236:Clade
223:Clade
210:Clade
197:Clade
3119:GBIF
2773:Anzu
2464:see
2437:see
2410:see
2165:ISBN
2135:PMID
1991:ISBN
1956:PMID
1861:ISSN
1822:PMID
1759:PMID
1695:ISBN
1668:PMID
1609:PMID
1336:and
1303:All
1248:Diet
610:Size
581:and
523:zoui
483:and
378:bird
358:Asia
281:1998
59:Preęž’
3106:EoL
2566:Kol
2199:doi
2127:doi
2115:498
2084:doi
1946:doi
1934:317
1869:PMC
1853:doi
1849:121
1812:PMC
1804:doi
1776:PDF
1751:doi
1739:406
1658:PMC
1648:doi
1599:PMC
1589:doi
1556:PMC
1546:doi
1424:doi
1412:393
1314:in
689:(b)
304:Ji
277:Ji
48:) ~
44:, (
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2030:.
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1954:.
1944:.
1932:.
1928:.
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1800:95
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813:.
775:LĂĽ
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663:.
601:.
583:C.
557:.
521:,
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489:.
471:,
238::
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199::
109:Pg
53:Ma
3004:?
2947:?
2932:?
2911:?
2896:?
2888:?
2846:?
2721:?
2591:?
2569:?
2316:e
2309:t
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2213:.
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322:â€
295:â€
268:â€
255:â€
242:â€
114:N
104:K
99:J
94:T
89:P
84:C
79:D
74:S
69:O
64:ęž’
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