20:
261:
the field and over the next few years hundreds of patients received adrenal medulla transplants. It was only when a registry was set up to consolidate all the data was it revealed that most patients did not benefit from the procedure to any significant extent. Furthermore, postoperative complications such as psychiatric disturbances were realized. These combined findings eventually led to the abandonment of this transplant procedure, which was largely flawed from the start.
200:
270:
170:
131:
260:
trials were undergone in humans which showed only modest benefits. Following these initial disappointing results however, a trial in Mexico demonstrated significant motor benefits in two patients with
Parkinson's disease who had undergone the procedure. This publication incited widespread interest in
975:
Arjona, Ventura; MĂnguez-Castellanos, Adolfo; Montoro, Rafael J.; Ortega, Angel; Escamilla, Francisco; Toledo-Aral, Juan JosĂ©; Pardal, Ricardo; MĂ©ndez-Ferrer, SimĂłn; MartĂn, JosĂ© M. (August 2003). "Autotransplantation of human carotid body cell aggregates for treatment of
Parkinson's disease".
916:
711:
Madrazo, Ignacio; Drucker-ColĂn, RenĂ©; DĂaz, VĂctor; MartĂnez-Mata, Juan; Torres, CĂ©sar; Becerril, Juan JosĂ© (1987-04-02). "Open
Microsurgical Autograft of Adrenal Medulla to the Right Caudate Nucleus in Two Patients with Intractable Parkinson's Disease".
823:
Goetz, C. G.; Stebbins, G. T.; Klawans, H. L.; Koller, W. C.; Grossman, R. G.; Bakay, R. A.; Penn, R. D. (Nov 1991). "United
Parkinson Foundation Neurotransplantation Registry on adrenal medullary transplants: presurgical, and 1- and 2-year follow-up".
341:
therapy for patients with
Parkinson's disease. A clinical trial exploring this initially demonstrated motor benefits, unfortunately these benefits disappeared after 6â12 months, in correlation with poor survival of the grafted cells.
667:
Backlund, E. O.; Granberg, P. O.; Hamberger, B.; Knutsson, E.; MĂ„rtensson, A.; Sedvall, G.; Seiger, A.; Olson, L. (Feb 1985). "Transplantation of adrenal medullary tissue to striatum in parkinsonism. First clinical trials".
615:
Lindvall, O.; Backlund, E. O.; Farde, L.; Sedvall, G.; Freedman, R.; Hoffer, B.; Nobin, A.; Seiger, A.; Olson, L. (Oct 1987). "Transplantation in
Parkinson's disease: two cases of adrenal medullary grafts to the putamen".
1068:
MĂnguez-Castellanos, Adolfo; Escamilla-Sevilla, Francisco; Hotton, Gary R; Toledo-Aral, Juan J; Ortega-Moreno, Ăngel; MĂ©ndez-Ferrer, SimĂłn; MartĂn-Linares, JosĂ© M; Katati, Majed J; Mir, Pablo (August 2007).
495:
Freed, W. J.; Morihisa, J. M.; Spoor, E.; Hoffer, B. J.; Olson, L.; Seiger, A.; Wyatt, R. J. (1981-07-23). "Transplanted adrenal chromaffin cells in rat brain reduce lesion-induced rotational behaviour".
555:
Morihisa, John M.; Nakamura, Richard K.; Freed, William J.; Mishkin, Mortimer; Wyatt, Richard J. (1987). "Transplantation
Techniques and the Survival of Adrenal Medulla Autografts in the Primate Brain".
875:
Iturriaga, R.; Alcayaga, J.; Gonzalez, C. (2009), Gonzalez, Constancio; Nurse, Colin A.; Peers, Chris (eds.), "Neurotransmitters in
Carotid Body Function: The Case of Dopamine â Invited Article",
1128:"Retinal pigment epithelial cells secrete neurotrophic factors and synthesize dopamine: possible contribution to therapeutic effects of RPE cell transplantation in Parkinson's disease"
915:
Villadiego, Javier; Méndez-Ferrer, Simón; Valdés-Sånchez, Teresa; Silos-Santiago, Inmaculada; Fariñas, Isabel; López-Barneo, José; Toledo-Aral, Juan J. (2005-04-20).
444:
Barker, Roger A.; Drouin-Ouellet, Janelle; Parmar, Malin (September 2015). "Cell-based therapies for
Parkinson diseaseâpast insights and future potential".
917:"Selective glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor production in adult dopaminergic carotid body cells in situ and after intrastriatal transplantation"
389:
Researchers have differentiated ESCs into dopamine-producing cells with the hope that these neurons could be used in the treatment of
Parkinson's disease.
367:
331:
253:
1200:
892:
417:
371:
381:
of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells attached to microcarriers (Spheramine, Bayer Schering Pharma AG) demonstrated
1190:
1029:"Cellular and Functional Recovery of Parkinsonian Rats after Intrastriatal Transplantation of Carotid Body Cell Aggregates"
105:
46:
include various investigational procedures which transplant specific populations of cells into the brains of people with
1195:
351:
95:
1126:
Ming, Ming; Li, Xuping; Fan, Xiaolan; Yang, Dehua; Li, Liang; Chen, Sheng; Gu, Qing; Le, Weidong (2009-06-28).
282:
278:
1071:"Carotid body autotransplantation in Parkinson disease: a clinical and positron emission tomography study"
47:
32:
879:, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 648, Springer Netherlands, pp. 137â143,
311:
274:
110:
756:
565:
505:
85:
338:
249:
100:
19:
1009:
857:
805:
649:
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319:
61:
resulted in the motor symptoms of the disease. Thus, cell transplantation has focused on various
28:
50:. The investigation of cell transplantation therapies followed the discovery that the death of
1167:
1149:
1108:
1090:
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1001:
993:
957:
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898:
888:
849:
841:
797:
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729:
693:
685:
641:
633:
589:
581:
529:
521:
469:
461:
423:
413:
77:
human dopamine progenitor cells derived from autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
1157:
1139:
1098:
1082:
1040:
985:
947:
931:
880:
833:
779:
771:
721:
677:
625:
573:
513:
453:
366:. Retinal pigment epithelial cells synthesize dopamine and secrete the neurotrophic factors
269:
257:
1027:
Espejo, Emilio F; Montoro, Rafael J; Armengol, José A; López-Barneo, José (February 1998).
233:
221:
208:
80:
569:
509:
330:(low level of oxygen in the blood). Based on their ability to secrete dopamine and also
199:
1162:
1127:
1103:
1070:
989:
952:
577:
237:
1045:
1028:
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is found at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, in the same location as the
169:
130:
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775:
307:
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225:
204:
58:
36:
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809:
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481:
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286:
229:
90:
51:
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315:
681:
220:
The first cell-based therapy investigated for Parkinson's disease utilized the
457:
378:
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1153:
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997:
943:
845:
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1005:
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533:
784:
375:
335:
245:
62:
24:
363:
355:
39:, is visualized as two dark brown bands in the lower half of the image.
517:
359:
54:
268:
198:
18:
412:(6th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. pp. 518â525.
207:. The black pointer indicates the innermost layer known as the
164:
125:
273:
A diagram of the arterial supply to the head and neck. The
180:
141:
755:
Freed, W. J.; Poltorak, M.; Becker, J. B. (Nov 1990).
74:
fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue (human and porcine)
224:. The adrenal medulla is the innermost part of the
1075:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
757:"Intracerebral adrenal medulla grafts: a review"
408:Jankovic, Joseph; Tolosa, Eduardo (2015). "49".
252:of adrenal medullary tissue into the brains of
368:glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
332:glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
8:
44:Cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease
31:. An area of the brain which degenerates in
334:, these cells have been investigated as an
558:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
410:Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders
1161:
1143:
1102:
1044:
951:
783:
372:brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
314:. It includes two populations of cells;
310:cells located at the bifurcation of the
16:Treatment method for Parkinson's disease
397:
256:showed minimal benefits. Despite this,
358:containing cells located between the
65:producing cells throughout the body.
7:
439:
437:
403:
401:
326:and secrete dopamine in response to
322:. Glomus cells are derived from the
254:animal models of Parkinson's disease
990:10.1227/01.NEU.0000073315.88827.72
984:(2): 321â328, discussion 328â330.
578:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23703.x
117:Fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue
14:
1132:Journal of Translational Medicine
277:can be seen bifurcating into the
203:Histological section through the
168:
129:
714:New England Journal of Medicine
936:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4312-04.2005
106:induced pluripotent stem cells
59:substantia nigra pars compacta
37:substantia nigra pars compacta
1:
1046:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80449-3
320:sustentacular (type II) cells
885:10.1007/978-90-481-2259-2_16
776:10.1016/0014-4886(90)90026-O
924:The Journal of Neuroscience
726:10.1056/NEJM198704023161402
354:(RPE) is a single layer of
244:and to a far lesser extent
1217:
682:10.3171/jns.1985.62.2.0169
352:retinal pigment epithelium
346:Retinal pigment epithelium
96:retinal pigment epithelium
69:List of cell-based sources
458:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.123
23:A diagram of the rostral
1201:Transplantation medicine
1087:10.1136/jnnp.2006.106021
446:Nature Reviews Neurology
877:Arterial Chemoreceptors
670:Journal of Neurosurgery
283:external carotid artery
279:internal carotid artery
1145:10.1186/1479-5876-7-53
838:10.1212/WNL.41.11.1719
764:Experimental Neurology
294:
212:
177:This section is empty.
138:This section is empty.
111:mesenchymal stem cells
40:
630:10.1002/ana.410220403
316:glomus (type I) cells
312:common carotid artery
275:common carotid artery
272:
202:
22:
374:. Initial trials of
101:embryonic stem cells
27:at the level of the
1191:Parkinson's disease
618:Annals of Neurology
570:1987NYASA.495..599M
510:1981Natur.292..351F
265:Sympathetic ganglia
250:Autotransplantation
86:sympathetic ganglia
48:Parkinson's disease
33:Parkinson's disease
1196:Medical treatments
295:
213:
41:
29:superior colliculi
930:(16): 4091â4098.
832:(11): 1719â1722.
504:(5821): 351â352.
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248:into the blood.
234:chromaffin cells
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189:
179:You can help by
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140:You can help by
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720:(14): 831â834.
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222:adrenal medulla
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216:Adrenal medulla
209:adrenal medulla
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81:adrenal medulla
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1183:
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1177:
1118:
1081:(8): 825â831.
1060:
1039:(2): 197â206.
1019:
967:
907:
893:
867:
815:
770:(2): 139â166.
747:
703:
676:(2): 169â173.
659:
624:(4): 457â468.
607:
564:(1): 599â604.
547:
487:
452:(9): 492â503.
433:
418:
396:
394:
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306:is a group of
299:
296:
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238:norepinephrine
236:which secrete
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376:intrastriatal
373:
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360:neural retina
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336:intrastriatal
333:
329:
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308:chemoreceptor
305:
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291:carotid sinus
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228:and contains
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226:adrenal gland
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205:adrenal gland
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188:February 2019
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324:neural crest
304:carotid body
301:
298:Carotid body
287:carotid body
230:neural crest
219:
185:
181:adding to it
176:
146:
142:adding to it
137:
91:carotid body
52:dopaminergic
43:
42:
242:epinephrine
1185:Categories
393:References
385:Stem cells
379:allografts
258:open-label
1154:1479-5876
1095:0022-3050
998:0148-396X
944:1529-2401
846:0028-3878
826:Neurology
794:0014-4886
734:0028-4793
690:0022-3085
638:0364-5134
586:1749-6632
526:0028-0836
466:1759-4758
428:953863020
339:autograft
328:hypoxemia
1172:19558709
1113:17220289
1014:14003906
1006:12925247
962:15843611
903:19536475
810:17512394
654:26259544
602:45849626
542:37266235
474:26240036
362:and the
246:dopamine
232:derived
63:dopamine
25:midbrain
1163:2709608
1104:2117739
1055:9491982
953:6724965
862:9262224
854:1944898
802:1977606
742:3821826
698:2578558
646:3435067
594:3111329
566:Bibcode
534:7254334
506:Bibcode
482:9256654
364:choroid
356:melanin
161:Porcine
57:in the
55:neurons
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1160:
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1010:S2CID
920:(PDF)
858:S2CID
806:S2CID
760:(PDF)
650:S2CID
598:S2CID
538:S2CID
478:S2CID
122:Human
1168:PMID
1150:ISSN
1109:PMID
1091:ISSN
1051:PMID
1002:PMID
994:ISSN
958:PMID
940:ISSN
899:PMID
889:ISBN
850:PMID
842:ISSN
798:PMID
790:ISSN
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730:ISSN
694:PMID
686:ISSN
642:PMID
634:ISSN
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582:ISSN
530:PMID
522:ISSN
470:PMID
462:ISSN
424:OCLC
414:ISBN
370:and
350:The
318:and
302:The
281:and
1158:PMC
1140:doi
1099:PMC
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948:PMC
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881:doi
834:doi
780:hdl
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