1707:, a very curious and intricate arrangement of psalmody varying in length with the longer and shorter nights. On Saturdays and Sundays from 1 November to 25 March, seventy-five psalms were recited on each day, under one antiphon for every three psalms. From 25 March to 24 June these were diminished by three psalms weekly to a minimum of thirty-six psalms. It would seem, though it does not say so, that the minimum was used for about five weeks, for a gradual increase of the same amount arrives at the maximum by 1 November. On other days of the week there was a maximum of thirty-six and a minimum of twenty-four.
1097:(6) the Communion Antiphons, and Responsory. In the "missa apostolorum et martirum et sanctorum et sanctarum virginum", in the Stowe, the Preface and Sanctus are followed by a Post-Sanctus of regular Hispano-Gallican form, "Vere sanctus, vere benedictus"" etc., which modulates directly into the "Qui pridie"" with no place for the intervention of "Te igitur""and the rest of the first part of the Gelasian Canon. This may represent an Irish Mass as it was before the Gelasian interpolation. In the other two Masses this is not shown.
78:
6247:
22:
245:
895:, that such was not the case. Tirechan can only mean what we know from other sources: that the fourteenth day of the moon was the earliest day on which Easter could fall, not that it was kept on that day, Sunday or weekday. It was the same ambiguity of expression which misled Colman in 664 and St. Aldhelm in 704. The first and second orders used the Celtic tonsure, and it seems that the Roman coronal tonsure came partly into use during the period of the third order.
4052:
4497:
2034:). These, if they belong to the baptism, are clearly out of place, rendered unnecessary, as Warren suggests, by the introduction of the larger Roman blessing of the font. It is possible, however, that they belong to the office of the visitation of the sick, which follows immediately without any break in the manuscript, since that service in the Book of Mulling has a blessing of water at the beginning.
3290:
1038:, during the time of Abbot Cronan (680â91), this so-called "antiphonary" is now in the Ambrosian Library at Milan. It contains a large collection of canticles, hymns, collects, and antiphons, all, with very few exceptions, relating to the Divine Office. All but two of the twenty-one pieces in the Turin fragment are found in this manuscript also.
1367:. The first book (1394) contains part of an ordinary of the Mass which, as far as it goes, resembles that in the Stowe Missal. The second (1395) contains the confession and litany, which also begin the Stowe Missal, a fragment of a Mass of the Dead, a prayer at the Visitation of the Sick, and three forms for the blessing of salt and water.
2060:") (found in the Bobbio Baptismal Order before the "Ephpheta" and in an Ambrosian Order quoted by MartĂšne, but in both as an "exorcismus hominis", exorcism of person). These two are considered by Warren to belong to the Baptismal Order, but cf. the position of the "Benedictio super aquam" and "Benedictio hominis" in the Book of Mulling.
634:) and in honour of St. Germanus. It is quite Roman in type, probably written after that part of Cornwall had come under Saxon influence, but with a unique Proper Preface.The manuscript also contains glosses, held by Professor Loth to be Welsh but possibly Cornish or Breton. There is little other evidence as to what liturgy was in use.
1485:(Comgall) used it and St. Wandilochus and Columbanus brought it to Luxeuil. The part of the story from St. Germanus onwards may possibly be founded in fact. The other part is not so probable as it does not follow that what St. Columbanus carried to Gaul was the same as that which St. Patrick had brought from Gaul in an earlier age.
2511:
1730:, at vespers on one occasion. The psalms at the lesser Hours were to be accompanied by a number of intercessory versicles. In the Bangor book these, somewhat expanded from the list in the Rule, but certainly to be identified with them, are given in the form of one, two, or three antiphons and a collect for each intercession.
1018:, that it refers to the use of many collects before the Epistle, instead of the one collect of the then Roman Missal, others that it implies a multiplicity of variables in the whole Mass, analogous to that existing in the Hispano-Gallican Rite. The Columbanian monasteries gradually drifted into the Benedictine Order.
1574:
Here the Mass ends, with apparently no variable post-communion, though these are given in the three masses in the Stowe. The Masses are: three for Advent; Christmas Eve and Day; St. Stephen; Holy
Innocents; Sts. James and John; Circumcision; Epiphany; St. Peter's Chair; St. Mary; the Assumption (this
1447:
Evidence as to the nature and origin of the Irish office is found in the Rule of St. Columbanus, which gives directions as to the number of psalms to be recited at each hour, in the Turin fragment and the
Antiphonary of Bangor, which gives the text of canticles, hymns, collects, and antiphons, in the
1096:
The non-Roman elements in the Stowe Missal are: (1) The
Bidding Litany between the Epistle and Gospel, which, however, came after the Gospel in the Gallican. (2) The Post-Sanctus. (3) the Responsory of the Fraction. (4) The position of the Fraction before the Pater Noster. (5) the elaborate Fraction.
935:
In
Scotland there is very little information. Intercourse with Ireland was considerable and the few details that can be gathered from such sources as Adamnan's Life of St. Columba and the various relics of the Scoto-Northumbrian Church point to a general similarity with Ireland in the earlier period.
2043:
There are four extant specimens of these services: in the Stowe Missal and the Book of Dimma are the longest and most complete, and agree very closely. The
Mulling differs in the preliminary bidding prayers and in beginning with blessings of water and of the sick person, the latter of which comes at
1021:
The general conclusion seems to be that, while the Irish were not above borrowing from other
Western nations, they originated a good deal themselves, much of which eventually passed into that composite rite which is now known as Roman. This seems to be a rough statement of the opinion of the English
2458:
Printed with translation in MacCarthy's edition of the Stowe Missal, and in the
Transactions of the Aberdeen Ecclesiological Society, with translation and notes by D. Macgregor (1898). The whole book published in facsimile without transliteration or translation but with a detailed table of contents
1507:
The Bobbio book is a complete missal, for the priest only, with Masses for holy days through the year. The Stowe Missal gives three differing forms, a fragmentary original of the 9th century, the correction by
Moelcaich and the Mass described in the Irish tract. The pieces said by the people are in
749:
The Easter versus
Passover question was eventually settled at various times in different places. The following dates are derived from Haddan and Stubbs: Western, eastern and southern Ireland, 626-8; northern-west Ireland, 692; Northumbria (converted by Irish missions), 664; East Devon and Somerset,
1742:
The Stowe is the longest of any early form and on the whole has most in common with the
Gelasian and Gregorian. In some of its details it has the appearance of a rather unskilful combination of two orders, for the exorcism, renunciation and confession of faith come twice over. The long Blessing of
1738:
There are two Irish orders of baptism extant: one in the 7th-century Bobbio Missal and one in the 9th-century part of the Stowe Missal. They differ considerably in the order of ceremony, though they have a good deal of their actual wording in common. Both the Stowe and the Bobbio have the Gallican
1503:
contain the Irish ordinary of a daily Mass in its late Romanized form. Many of the variables are found in the Bobbio book and portions of some Masses are in the Carlsruhe and Piacenza fragments besides which a little information is found in the St. Gall fragments, the Bangor Antiphonary, the order
1412:
or Speckled Book, an Irish manuscript of the 14th century, belonging to the Royal Irish Academy, contains a very large collection of ecclesiastical and religious pieces in Irish. The contents are not as a rule of a liturgical character but the book contains a variant of the Irish tract of the Mass
1080:
is a manuscript of the late 8th or early 9th century, with alterations in later hands, most of them written by one Moelcaich, who signs his name at the end of the Canon, and whom Dr. MacCarthy identifies, not very convincingly, with Moelcaich MacFlann, c. 750. It was discovered abroad, in the 18th
741:
controversy in mind when he claimed an Ephesian origin for the Irish calculations of Passover. St. Wilfrid answered that according to the Quartodeciman rule Passover might be kept on any day of the week, not just a Sunday, whereas the Irish and those they had evangelised (such as the Anglo-Saxons)
1002:
In 590 St. Columbanus and his companions travelled to the Continent and established monasteries throughout France, South Germany, Switzerland, and North Italy, of which the best known were Luxeuil, Bobbio, St. Galen, and Ratisbon. It is from the Rule of St. Columbanus that we know something of a
1515:
In the Bobbio book the Masses throughout the year seem to be Gallican in arrangement up to the Preface and Gelasian Roman afterwards. They contain at their fullest, besides Epistle, Gospel and sometimes a lesson from the Old Testament or the Apocalypse (the Prophetia of the Ambrosian Rite), the
1472:
which, according to this writer, probably an Irish monk in France, originated with St. Mark at Alexandria. With St. Mark it came to Italy. St. Gregory of Nazianzus, St. Basil, and the hermits St. Anthony, St. Paul, St. Macarius, St. John, and St. Malchus used it. St. Cassian, St. Honoratus, and
961:
How much difference there may have been cannot be judged from these expressions. Scotland may have retained a primitive Celtic Rite, or it may have used the greatly Romanized Stowe or Bobbio Mass. The one fragment of a Scottish Rite, the Office of the Communion of the Sick, in the Book of Deer,
2184:
In the Leabhar Breac there is a tract describing the consecration of a church, a ceremony divided into five parts; consecration of the floor, of the altar with its furniture, consecration out of doors, aspersion inside and aspersion outside. The consecration of the floor includes writing two
950:
It seems that the Scots did not begin Lent on Ash Wednesday but on the Monday following, as is still the Ambrosian practice. They refused to communicate on Easter Day and arguments on the subject make it seem as if the laity never communicated at all. In some places they celebrated Mass
1339:. Another four pages in an Irish hand probably of the 9th century contain fragments of Masses and a variant of the intercessions inserted in the Intercession for the Living in the Stowe Missal and in Witzel's extracts from the Fulda Manuscript. There are also some fragments in Irish.
778:
in 665. Each order is stated to have lasted for the reigns of four kings - symmetry is attained by omitting about six intervening reigns, but the outside dates of each period are clear enough, and the document relates customs of the Divine Office and the Easter and tonsure questions.
790:(c. 440â544). They were all bishops, 350 in number, founders of churches, all Romans, French (i.e. the Gauls), Britons and Scots. They had one Head, Christ, one leader, Patrick, one Mass and one tonsure from ear to ear and they celebrated Easter a fortnight after the spring equinox (
2085:("I anoint thee with the oil of sanctification in the name of God the father and the son and the holy spirit that thou mayest be saved in the name of the holy trinity"). The forms in the old Ambrosian Rituals and in the pre-Tridentine rite of the Venetian patriarchate began with
2157:("unto perpetual life and health"). Then follow Communion anthems similar to those in the Mass, differing in order and selection in the Stowe Mass, the Stowe, Dimma, Mulling, and Deer communions of the sick and in the Antiphonary of Bangor, though several are common to them all.
1125:
is a manuscript of the late 8th century. It contains the four Gospels, an office for the unction and communion of the sick, and a fragmentary directory or plan of a service. Dr. Lawlor thought the latter a plan of a daily office used morning and evening but the editors of the
1413:
which is also in the Stowe Missal. An 8th-century manuscript of probably Northumbrian origin, contains selections from the Gospels, collects, hymns, canticles, private devotions, etc. A fragment of seven leaves of an Irish manuscript of the 9th century contains a litany, the
1438:
is very eclectic, and pieces therein can also be traced the Gelasian, Gregorian, Gallican, and Hispanic origins, and the Stowe Missal has pieces which are found not only in the Bobbio Missal, but also in the Gelasian, Gregorian, Gallican, Hispanic, and even Ambrosian books.
879:
to St. Patrick. It is clear that the British Mass introduced by David, Gildas, and Cadoc differed from it. The second and third orders used partly Patrick's Mass and partly one of British origin, and in the case of the third order Roman modifications were also introduced.
92:
Before the 8th century AD there were several Christian rites in Western Europe. Such diversity of practice was often considered unimportant so long as Rome's primacy was accepted. Gradually the diversity tended to lessen so that by the time of the final fusion in the
1957:
Blessing of the font - the first part consists of exorcisms which, though they occur in various parts of the existing Gelasian books, are always connected with blessing the font or the water therein. The last part consists, with a few variations, of the prayer
1511:
Moelcaich's version is a mixed Mass, Gelasian, Roman or Romano-Ambrosian for the most part, with much of a Hispano-Gallican type underlying it, and perhaps some indigenous details. It is evident that Roman additions or substitutions were recognized as such.
2044:
the end and in a different form in the Stowe and Dimma, though it agrees with the Dimma in inserting the creed, which is not in the Stowe. The Deer form has only the communion, which agrees substantially with the other three. The order in the Stowe is:
2551:
733:
The Irish, the English, and the Britons adhered to the Jewish Passover instead of Easter Sunday. They adhered to moon phases and counted the third week of the moon (for Passover) from the 14th to the 20th instead of from the 15th to the 21st.
2030:, followed by thanksgivings for communion and baptism. At the end are a blessing of water (found also in the Gregorian) and an exorcism (found also in Gallican and Ambrosian books and in a slightly varied form, in the 11th-century Mozarabic
898:
After that we have an obscure period, during which the Roman Easter which had been accepted in South Ireland in 626â628, became universal, being accepted by North Ireland in 692, and it seems probable that a Mass on the model of the
676:
in 664 at the Synod of Whitby respecting the origin of Easter and second upon an 8th-century Irish writer who derived the divine office from Alexandria. Archbishop Nuttall also asserted the Eastern origin of the Irish rite. The
936:
Of the rite of the monastic order of the Culdees (CĂ©li DĂ© or Goillidhe-DĂ©, servants of God, or possibly Cultores Dei) very little is known, but they certainly had a rite of their own, which may have been similar to the Irish.
1923:("Lord, who for the health of human kind"). This, which forms part of the blessing of water in the Gelasian, Gregorian, and modern Roman, is repeated here for the second time, having been said already with the first exorcism.
1962:
along with the preface and prayers that follow in the Gelasian, Gregorian, and modern Roman Easter Eve ceremonies, down to the pouring of chrism into the font. The direction which follows orders the chrism to be poured
1085:. It was bought by the Earl of Ashburnham in 1849, and from his collection it went to the Royal Irish Academy. It contains part of the Gospel of St. John, probably quite unconnected with what follows, bound up with the
1377:
is a 9th-century Greek Psalter with a Latin interlinear translation. On a fly-leaf at the beginning are two hymns in honour of Mary and of St. Bridget, a prayer to Mary and to the angels and saints, and a long prayer
2544:
1227:, and the Book of Cerne. There are two manuscripts of this collection, not agreeing exactly, one in Trinity College, Dublin, of the 11th century, and one in the Franciscan Convent at Dublin, of somewhat later date.
720:
of those ordained by Scottish and British bishops "who are not Catholic in their Easter and tonsure" and the asperging of churches consecrated by them. It has been conjectured that the British Church resembled the
716:, 668. The possibility of priests, presumably Irish, having been invalidly baptized was considered in the "Poenitentiale Theodori" (Lib. II, cap. iii, 13), and in cap. ix of the same book, after ordering the
887:, but this is clearly not the meaning, or on the same argument the third order must have been partly Sextodecimans â if there were such things â and moreover we have the already mentioned statement of St.
2537:
5698:
2188:
On the whole the service appears to be of the same type as the Roman though it differs in details and, if the order of the component parts as given in the tract may be taken as correct, in order also.
750:
705; the Picts, 710; Iona, 716-8; Strathclyde, 721; North Wales, 768; South Wales, 777. Cornwall held out the longest of any, perhaps even, in parts, to the time of Bishop Aedwulf of Crediton (909).
947:, wishing to reform the Scottish church in a Roman direction, discovered and abolished certain peculiar customs of which Theodoric, her chaplain and biographer, tells us less than we could wish.
1750:("I baptise you in the name of the father and son and holy spirit, having one substance, that you share life eternal with the saints") This form resembles those in the "Missale Gothicum", the
955:("contrary to the customs of the whole Church, with I know not what barbaric rite"). The last statement may be read in connection with that in the Register of St. Andrew's (drawn up 1144â53),
1349:
consists of four pages (of which the two outer are illegible) in an Irish hand, possibly of the 10th century. The two inner pages contain parts of three Masses, one of which is headed "
1093:, three Masses, the Order of Baptism and of the Visitation, Unction, and Communion of the Sick, and a treatise in Irish on the Mass, of which a variant is found in the "Leabhar Breac".
1400:
Besides these manuscripts there are certain others bearing on the subject which are not liturgical, and some of which are not Celtic, though they show signs of Celtic influences. The
863:
of the second and third probably both refer to the Divine Office. The meaning seems to be that the first order celebrated a form of Mass introduced by Patrick, who was the pupil of
2334:
Published by Mabillon (Lit. Rom. Vet., II) and by Neale and Forbes (Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church). There is an analysis of it by Paul Cagin in "Paleographie musicale".
2067:("Let us pray, brothers, to the Lord our God for our brother", i.e., the sick person), followed by six collects, all but one of which, as well as the Praefatio, are in the Dimma.
2374:
In Trinity College, Dublin. Latter printed, with a dissertation, in Lawlor's "Chapters on the Book of Mulling", and the unction and communion office in Warren's "Celtic Church".
1587:; Sts. Peter and Paul; St. Sigismund; Martyrs; one Martyr; one Confessor; St. Martin; one Virgin; for the Sick; Dedication; St. Michael; for travellers; for the priest himself;
3671:
2400:
Published by W. Mayer, with a dissertation comparing it with the Bangor Antiphoner, in the Göttingen "Nachrichten", 1903. There is a facsimile of one page and a description in
1404:
is a large early 9th-century manuscript collection of prayers, etc. made for Ăthelwold, Bishop of Lichfield (820â40). It once belonged to the Abbey of Cerne in Dorset, but is
4026:
3053:
2073:
Unction. In the Dimma this is preceded by a declaration of faith in the trinity, eternal life and the resurrection. In the Mulling the creed follows the unction. The form is
1947:("Sung around the font") - No text is given. In the Ambrosian rite the Litany is said after the Baptism, and in the modern Roman on Easter Eve after the blessing of the font.
2459:
by the Royal Irish Academy (1876). The Passions and Homilies edited with a translation and glossary by Robert Atkinson in the Todd Lecture series of the same Academy (1887).
1353:". In the others are contained the Prefaces of two of the Sunday Masses in the Bobbio Missal, one of which is used on the eighth Sunday after the Epiphany in the Mozarabic.
1305:
is a manuscript of the 7th century in the Turin Library. Mayer considers the fragment to have been written at Bobbio. It consists of six leaves and contains the canticles,
1057:, its attribution to Besançon being due to the presence of a Mass in honour of St. Sigismund. Monseigneur Duchesne appears to consider it to be more or less Ambrosian, but
911:
Missals - a Roman Canon with some features of a non-Roman type - came into general use. It was not until the 12th century that the separate Irish Rite, which, according to
1061:
considers it to be "an example of the kind of book in vogue in the second age of the Irish Saints", and connects it with the undoubtedly Irish Stowe Missal. It contains a
2994:
2564:
2356:, by G.F. Warner. A translation, by J. Charleston, of the Ordinary and Canon of the Mass appeared in the "Transactions" of the Glasgow Ecclesiological Society in 1898.
1003:
Celtic Divine Office. Irish missionaries, with their very strict rule, were not altogether popular among the lax Gallican clergy, who tried to get them discouraged.
2352:
The liturgical parts are in Warren's "Celtic Church". It was edited for the Royal Irish Academy in 1885 by Dr. B. MacCarthy, and re-edited with a facsimile for the
689:
that the Sarum Rite is "merely a local variety of the Roman, and that the influence of the Gallican Rite upon it is no greater than upon any other Roman variety".
3325:
1916:("for making a convert out of a pagan"), and is said in the present Roman baptism of adults before the giving of the salt in the case of converts from paganism.
1504:
for the communion of the sick in the Books of Dimma, Mulling, and Deer, the tract in Irish at the end of the Stowe Missal and its variant in the Leabhar Breac.
605:
3785:
2608:
4457:
2164:("God, we give thee thanks"). This is found in the Dimma, Mulling, and Deer forms, where it ends the service. In the Dimma it is preceded by the blessing.
3347:
2413:
The text of these three fragments (5â7), with a dissertation on them by H. M. Bannister, is given in the "Journal of Theological Studies", October, 1903.
1954:
This is a way of expressing Ps. xli, 2 and Ps. xxviii, 3. The whole of Ps. xli is said in the Ambrosian, and Ps. xxviii in the Roman baptism of adults.
6183:
4155:
4126:
2639:
69:. The term is not meant to imply homogeneity; instead it is used to describe a diverse range of liturgical practices united by lineage and geography.
1335:. The arrangement resembles that of the Bobbio Missal, in that the Epistles and Gospels seem to have preceded the other variables under the title of
3565:
6203:
6193:
1843:(sign of the cross). Three prayers. The first is in Moelcaich's hand and includes the signing, the second occurs also in the Bangor Antiphoner as
210:
were: (1) The rule of keeping Easter (2) the tonsure (3) the manner of baptizing. Gildas also records elements of a different rite of ordination.
1965:"in modum crucis" - "et quique voluerit implet vasculum aqua benedictionis ad domos consecrandas et populus praesens aspergitur aqua benedicta".
1508:
several cases only indicated by beginnings and endings. The original Stowe Mass approaches nearer to that of Bobbio than the revised form does.
1477:, St. Caesarius of Arles, St. Germanus, and St. Lupus also used it, and St. Germanus taught it to St. Patrick, who brought it to Ireland. There
6223:
6208:
6198:
3635:
975:
1331:: four pages in an Irish hand of the late 8th or early 9th century in the Library of Karlsruhe contain parts of three Masses, one of which is
1012:"In summĂą quod a caeterorum ritu ac norma desciscerent et sacra mysteria sollemnia orationum et collectarum multiplici varietate celebrarent".
805:), they had one Easter, the fourteenth of the moon after the equinox, and one tonsure from ear to ear. They received a Mass from the Britons,
6213:
4602:
2649:
2644:
3456:
2796:
2499:
2081:("I anoint thee with the oil of sanctification in the name of the trinity that thou mayest be saved for ever and ever"), and the Mulling
1420:
The ultimate origin of the various prayers, etc., found in the fragments of the Irish Rite in the books of private devotion, such as the
6218:
3659:
3647:
3525:
2593:
1050:
770:, which divides the saints of Ireland into three orders covering about 225 years from the coming of St. Patrick in 440 in the reign of
3384:
2613:
1424:, Harley MS 7653, and Royal MS 2 A XX, which are either Irish or have been composed under Irish influence, is still under discussion.
2077:("I anoint thee with the oil of sanctification that thou mayest be saved, in the Name of the Father ... for ever") etc. The Dimma is
2015:
Washing of feet - this ceremony is peculiarly Gallican and Irish and is not found in Roman books. An order was made in Iberia by the
5681:
5494:
3318:
2580:
2560:
1113:
contains the four gospels and has an order for the unction and communion of the sick inserted between the gospels of Luke and John.
598:
298:
2070:
Two Gospels. Matt., xxii, 23, 29â33, and xxiv, 29â31. The first is in the Dimma, where there is also an Epistle, I Cor., xv, 19â22.
280:
3444:
2598:
1905:
is not associated with the giving of the salt, as it appears to be here, but with the touching of the nose and ears with spittle.
1748:"Baptizo te in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti unam habentem substantiam ut habeas vitam aeternam partem cum sanctis."
395:
2153:("The body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ be health to thee unto eternal life"). The Deer has the same, except that it ends
6273:
4088:
3999:
3462:
3400:
3391:
2801:
2618:
1223:. There are explanatory prefaces in Irish or Latin to each hymn. Some of the hymns are found in the Antiphonary of Bangor, the
797:
The second order was of few bishops and many priests, 300 in number. It lasted from the end of the reign of Tuathal to that of
3855:
3474:
3082:
2449:
Cambridge University Library, MS Ll. 1. 10. Edited (with a "Liturgical Note" by E. Bishop) by A.B. Kuypers (Cambridge, 1902).
1579:; Maundy Thursday; Easter Eve and Day; two Paschal Masses; Invention of the Cross; Litany days; Ascension; Pentecost (called
321:
1614:, and the Easter Eve Mass is preceded by preces and intercessory orationes similar to those now used on Good Friday, by the
849:
845:
2083:"Ungo te de oleo sanctificationis in nomine dei patris et filii et spiritus sancti ut salveris in nomine sancti trinitatis"
2023:
and others, with Alleluias. Then follow a formula and a prayer, both referring to Christ washing the feet of his disciples.
1912:("Lord, holy father, omnipotent eternal god, you who are and who was and who are to come"). This occurs in the Gelasian as
1710:
The Rule does not say how the psalter was distributed. Based on the Bangor book and the practices in other rites, the 1913
5664:
4014:
3450:
2388:
2012:
Warren finds an instance of this ceremony in the 11th-century JumiĂšges Ritual, but otherwise it does not seem to be known.
259:
2273:
2123:
Three prayers for the sick man, referring to his Communion - these are not in the Dimma, Mulling, or Deer. One of these,
1863:
Confession of faith - the creed in its shortest possible form, a simple profession of faith in each person of the trinity
994:. It contains part of an order for the communion of the sick, with a Gaelic rubric. The origin of the book is uncertain.
6268:
5937:
3311:
2903:
991:
591:
222:
2141:("The body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the living most high God, and the remains"). The Dimma omits
836:), and celebrated different Easters, some on the fourteenth, some on the sixteenth, of the moon "with hard intention" (
5137:
4402:
2666:
1989:"Ungo te de oleo et de Chrismate salutis et sanctificationis in nomine.... nunc et per omnia in saecula saeculorum",
5708:
5583:
5188:
5157:
4542:
2937:
1575:
and St. Peter's Chair are given in the Martyrology of Oengus on 18 Jan., evidently its place here); five for Lent;
460:
275:
195:
and probably brought with them whatever rites they were accustomed to. Cornwall had an ecclesiastical quarrel with
5669:
5504:
5469:
5132:
4021:
3215:
2588:
2316:
1448:
8th century tract in Cott. MS. Nero A. II., which gives what was held in the 8th century to be the origin of the
912:
825:
sent for Gildas to restore ecclesiastical order in his kingdom in which the Catholic faith was being laid aside.
34:
244:
6009:
5443:
5419:
4745:
3518:
3468:
3222:
987:
920:
345:
303:
77:
2185:
alphabets thereon. There are directed to be seven crosses cut on the altar, and nothing is said about relics.
2019:
in 305 that it should be performed by clerks, not priests. The Stowe form begins with verses from the Psalms,
1739:
washing of the feet after baptism, with words very similar to those in the "Gothicum" and "Vetus Gallicanum".
1251:
673:
1891:"Effeta quod est adaperire in odorem suavitatis, tu autem effugare Diabole, appropinquabit enim judicium Dei"
1431:
contain for the most part pieces that are either not found elsewhere or are only found in other Irish books.
6246:
5720:
5368:
4914:
4633:
4452:
4342:
3769:
3438:
3395:
2982:
1468:, which it derives imaginatively from Ephesus and St. John, through St. Polycarp and St. Irenaeus, and this
709:
352:
266:
2101:("Through this anointing"). Nothing is said in the Celtic books about the parts of the body to be anointed.
1939:"Huc usque catechumenus. Incipit oleari oleo et crismate in pectus et item scapulas antequam baptizaretur."
1283:
6188:
6107:
6070:
5142:
4432:
4427:
4031:
4009:
3781:
3600:
3595:
3418:
3409:
3294:
3010:
2529:
2353:
2312:
828:
The third order were priests and a few bishops, 100 in number, living in wildernesses on an ascetic diet (
822:
446:
117:
2097:
ritual described by Gastoue (Rassegna Gregoriana, 1903). The Roman and modern Ambrosian forms begin with
1595:; seven Sunday Masses; for the king; two daily Masses; for a dead priest; for the Deadâsixty-one in all.
1243:
1130:
took it as a special penitential service and compared it with the penitential office sketched out in the
787:
137:
5954:
5769:
5514:
5414:
4785:
4628:
4607:
4055:
3590:
3508:
3367:
2522:
1711:
1428:
1255:
962:
probably 11th century, is certainly non-Roman in type, and agrees with those in the extant Irish books.
743:
475:
312:
3545:
3404:
1263:
1219:
This is a collection of forty hymns in Latin and Irish, almost all of Irish origin, with canticles and
798:
623:
1807:
Renunciation. The three renunciations of the Stowe (and general Roman) form, combined under one answer
6097:
5969:
5703:
5353:
4750:
4673:
4482:
4407:
4045:
4004:
3764:
3535:
3503:
2977:
2898:
2818:
2710:
2688:
2603:
1086:
1007:
943:
in 710, and at Iona in 716â18, and much later, in about 1080, St. Margaret of Scotland, wife of King
832:), evidently hermits and monks. They had different Masses, different rules, and different tonsures, (
642:
454:
450:
410:
289:
168:
156:
1194:
or (as sketch of Adamnan seems to show) the hymn of St. Colman MacMurchon in honour of St. Michael,
5984:
5853:
5783:
5764:
5743:
5676:
5499:
5383:
5373:
5193:
5178:
5173:
5127:
5102:
4775:
4668:
4653:
4467:
4286:
4081:
3974:
3585:
3201:
2868:
1279:
1239:
864:
581:
415:
234:
141:
38:
21:
1026:, which involves the much larger question of the origin and development of all the Western rites.
830:"qui in locis desertis habitabant et oleribus et aqua et eleemosynis vivebant, propria devitabant"
6150:
5881:
5774:
5738:
5659:
5614:
5509:
5335:
5226:
5183:
5112:
4919:
4694:
4462:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4347:
4204:
4160:
3831:
3741:
3729:
3706:
3570:
3480:
3422:
2384:
2112:. The Dimma has the same introduction but after the prayer the sick person is directed to recite
1494:
1321:, the text of which is not given, two hymns with collects to follow them, and two other prayers.
1106:
713:
515:
725:
in baptizing with a single immersion. This form had been allowed by Rome in the case of Iberia.
2116:. As another, or perhaps an alternative, introduction to the prayer, The Mulling and Deer have
1259:
6014:
5989:
5979:
5715:
5688:
5569:
5424:
5409:
5404:
5363:
5358:
5263:
5152:
5107:
5097:
5089:
4760:
4714:
4704:
4550:
4377:
4357:
4316:
3270:
2321:
2016:
1090:
1015:
801:(c. 544â99). They had one head, Christ, they celebrated different Masses and different rules (
771:
704:
and declared that whoever omits the Name of any Person of the Trinity does not truly baptise.
700:(1 May 748, reports that an English synod had forbidden any baptism except in the name of the
480:
430:
121:
66:
1275:
957:"Keledei in angulo quodam ecclesiae, quae modica nimis est, suum officum more suo celebrant".
6043:
6004:
5959:
5946:
5866:
5845:
5748:
5693:
5378:
5198:
5117:
4929:
4709:
4648:
4538:
4417:
4412:
4382:
4352:
4306:
4268:
4134:
3863:
3652:
3628:
3580:
3265:
3248:
3233:
3090:
2920:
2806:
2568:
2216:
1460:
are terms used for the Divine Office in the Rule of St. Columbanus) and in allusions in the
1409:
1247:
1081:
century, by John Grace of Nenah, from whom it passed to the Duke of Buckingham's library at
966:
658:
530:
336:
331:
2431:
A. vii. 3 in the Basel Library. The last prayer is printed in Warren's "The Celtic Church".
841:
775:
6086:
6024:
5964:
5927:
5899:
5861:
5826:
5806:
5589:
5579:
5564:
5451:
5258:
5122:
4885:
4740:
4699:
4689:
4533:
4472:
4392:
4387:
4372:
4367:
4280:
3931:
3888:
3878:
3873:
3826:
3820:
3756:
3676:
3243:
3158:
3115:
3105:
3100:
3058:
3048:
2969:
2833:
2748:
2730:
2705:
2572:
1618:(for which a hymn and a prayer occur in the Bangor Antiphonary), here only represented by
1122:
892:
762:, but we have no information as to how they worshipped, and their existence is ignored by
145:
125:
2120:. In each case the Pater Noster and its accompaniments are preliminary to the Communion.
2010:"Signum crucis Christi accipe in manum tuam dexteram et conservet te in vitam aeternam".
875:
type. The 8th-century tract in Cott. MS. Nero A. II states that St. Germanus taught the
6125:
6115:
6091:
6038:
5994:
5909:
5889:
5871:
5816:
5811:
5779:
5624:
5604:
5429:
5330:
5309:
5304:
4941:
4875:
4870:
4859:
4840:
4834:
4830:
4643:
4638:
4597:
4524:
4510:
4422:
4397:
4362:
4321:
4311:
4247:
4234:
4174:
4118:
4110:
4101:
4074:
3913:
3883:
3868:
3810:
3800:
3735:
3718:
3560:
3413:
3260:
3253:
3140:
3110:
3095:
3038:
3028:
2861:
2634:
2057:
1049:
A manuscript of the 7th century found by Mabillon at Bobbio in North Italy, now in the
1034:
Copied at the Abbey of Bobbio from a manuscript compiled at the monastery of Bangor in
806:
684:
326:
200:
176:
106:
102:
58:
1408:
in origin and shows Irish, Anglo-Saxon, Carolingian, Roman, and Byzantine influences.
206:
The certain points of difference between the British Church and the Roman in prior to
6262:
5922:
5894:
5801:
5793:
5535:
5487:
5273:
5221:
4950:
4890:
4880:
4780:
4755:
4546:
3948:
3805:
3688:
3610:
3550:
3513:
3238:
3175:
3033:
2851:
2677:
2515:
2383:
A combination of both manuscripts edited for the Henry Bradshaw Society (1897â98) by
2090:
2079:"Ungo te de oleo sanctificato in nomine Trinitatis ut salveris in saecula saeculorum"
1983:
etc. as found in the Gelasian, Gregorian, modern Roman and Ambrosian, the Bobbio and
1746:
The actual formula of baptism is not given in the Stowe, but in the Bobbio it reads:
1435:
1421:
1401:
1110:
1058:
1043:
1023:
916:
884:
872:
783:
759:
738:
705:
560:
555:
85:
42:
1952:"Sitvit anima mea usque vivum, quemadmodum. Vox Domini super aquas multas. Adferte."
1910:"Domine sancte pater omnipotens aeterne deus, qui es et qui eras et qui venturus es"
883:
The working of the "Catalogus" seems to imply that the first and second orders were
6240:
6033:
5821:
5345:
5299:
5238:
5147:
4924:
4902:
4895:
4337:
4262:
4252:
4184:
3936:
3908:
3838:
3530:
3495:
3374:
3342:
3334:
3163:
3135:
3065:
3005:
2959:
2954:
2942:
2661:
2656:
1743:
the Font and Baptismal Water is a combination of the Gelasian and Gregorian forms.
1500:
1077:
908:
717:
697:
693:
654:
618:
There is a Mass, probably of the 9th century, apparently Cornish since it mentions
545:
540:
380:
375:
188:
4529:
1997:
Vesting with white robe by the deacon, with the usual words (said by the priest),
1570:, in one case called "immolatio missae". This is the Praefatio in the Roman sense.
1363:
are 8th- and 9th-century fragments in Manuscripts 1394 and 1395 in the Library of
2485:, for the Hampshire Record Society (1889), and by Warren in his monograph on the
2171:"("The Lord bless thee and keep thee"), followed by the signing of the cross and
1972:
The Baptism - a triple immersion or aspersion is ordered but no formula is given.
1392:
is a 10th-century leaf containing part of an office for the profession of a nun.
919:, bishop of Armagh (1134â48), began the campaign against it, and at the Synod of
6155:
6140:
5541:
5460:
5268:
5253:
5243:
5216:
5042:
4995:
4907:
4810:
4581:
4496:
4275:
4179:
3994:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3941:
3926:
3640:
3623:
3575:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3168:
3153:
2910:
2878:
2873:
2846:
2683:
1474:
1267:
1082:
1035:
944:
535:
505:
470:
405:
385:
370:
180:
149:
94:
3289:
1014:
There has been more than one interpretation of this phrase, some holding, with
6078:
6066:
5519:
5483:
5283:
5248:
5208:
4800:
4567:
4558:
3815:
3696:
3043:
2915:
2893:
2888:
2823:
2693:
2302:. The whole manuscript was edited by Dr. Stuart for the Spalding Club in 1869.
2277:
1364:
1358:
1065:
and Masses for various days and intentions, with the Order of Baptism and the
666:
631:
495:
133:
98:
2204:
1695:
At the four lesser Hours St. Columanus orders three psalms each; at Vespers,
708:
and Wilkins put this synod at London in 603, the time of St. Augustine while
5478:
4590:
3843:
3070:
1887:"Effeta quot est apertio effeta est hostia in honorem suavitatis in nomine"
1326:
983:
900:
868:
510:
54:
4790:
2261:
Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great Britain and Ireland
1387:
2498:
The tract, edited with a translation by T. Olden, has been printed by the
1803:"Ungo te oleo sanctificato sicut unxit Samuel David in regem et prophetam"
672:
The Ephesine origin of the Gallican Rite rested first upon a statement of
665:
whence it spread through Gaul to Britain and became the foundation of the
6135:
5599:
5052:
5007:
4971:
4959:
4820:
4805:
4765:
4585:
4577:
4572:
4554:
4477:
4214:
4209:
4194:
4066:
3664:
3618:
3555:
3379:
3363:
2856:
2791:
2774:
2760:
2671:
1645:
in the Bangor book, Adamnan's Life of St. Columba calls it once (iii,23)
1344:
1235:
979:
971:
904:
763:
722:
662:
650:
627:
550:
520:
500:
465:
192:
155:
However much of Britain derived their religion from Irish missionsaries.
129:
50:
1630:
The Rule of St. Columbanus and the Bangor book distinguish eight Hours;
6145:
6120:
5999:
5974:
5609:
5574:
5547:
5474:
5456:
5047:
4983:
4612:
4242:
4219:
3712:
3701:
3540:
2927:
2883:
2811:
2754:
1882:
Irish rubric "It is here that salt is put into the mouth of the child."
1801:
Unction with oil of catechumens on nose, ears, and breast. The form is
1271:
888:
701:
570:
490:
425:
400:
172:
160:
81:
46:
2440:
In the Public Library, ZĂŒrich. Quoted in Warren's "The Celtic Church".
1552:, but whenever this title is used the Mass is wholly Roman and has no
1221:"ccclxv orationes quas beatus Gregorius de toto psalterio congregavit"
6130:
5917:
5619:
5594:
5558:
5552:
5465:
5388:
5314:
5233:
4735:
4224:
4169:
3723:
2949:
2932:
2841:
2766:
2718:
2220:
2134:("The peace and love of our Lord Jesus Christ"), etc. as in the Mass.
1405:
1287:
1231:
1109:
originally from the Abbey of Roscrea, County Tipperary, Ireland. The
810:
525:
196:
184:
113:
62:
2365:
Now at Trinity College, Dublin. Printed in Warren's "Celtic Church".
2151:"Corpus cum sanguine D. N. J. C. sanitas sit tibi in vitam aeternam"
840:) which perhaps means "obstinately". These lasted from the reign of
124:
in 359. Communication with Gaul may be inferred from dedications to
2514: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2075:"ungo te de oleo sanctificato ut salveris in nomine ... in saecula"
1960:"Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, adesto magnae pietatis tuae mysteriis"
5019:
4825:
4770:
4663:
4257:
4199:
4189:
4147:
4097:
2736:
2724:
1372:
1300:
940:
814:
565:
485:
420:
164:
88:
in north-west England, the location of an early monastic community
76:
2137:
Communion. The words of administration as given in the Stowe are
5278:
4815:
4795:
4730:
4563:
3371:
2742:
2481:
Harley MS 7653, British Library. Edited by W. de G. Birch, with
2139:"Corpus et sanguis D.N.J.C. fili Dei vivi altissimi, et reliqua"
2094:
1718:
psalms (cxlvii-cl) were likely said together at Lauds, and that
953:"contra totius Ecclesiae consuetudinem, nescio quo ritu barbaro"
637:
Anglicans of the 19th century such as Sir William Palmer in his
207:
6172:
6064:
5843:
5699:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
5645:
5077:
4857:
4508:
4145:
4070:
3307:
3303:
2533:
2325:, LXXII, 579, and in the "Ulster Journal of Archaeology", 1853.
1781:
Blessing of Font. (a) Exorcism of water. (b) Two collects. (c)
2089:. A very similar form is given by Martene from a 12th-century
1889:
etc. The Gelasian and Gregorian (like the modern Roman) have,
1006:
At a council at Macon, in 623, certain charges brought by one
1869:
First unction on breast and back with oil and chrism, saying
1230:
In the "Liber Hymnorum" there are hymns by Patrick, Columba,
630:, though this was also the Breton name of Aleth, now part of
2093:
Breviary (Vol. IV, 241), and another is in the 10th-century
915:(1106â39), was in use in nearly all Ireland, was abolished.
742:
kept it on Passover only. St. Aldhelm in his letter to King
2315:(1895â96) by F .E. Warren, having been already printed in
1969:
Confession of faith repeated in a slightly amplified form.
1610:, that for Maundy Thursday is followed by the Good Friday
2149:("preserve thy soul unto eternal life"). The Mulling has
2028:"Corpus et sanguinis D.N.J.C. sit tibi in vitam aeternam
1857:(consecration of salt) with an exorcism from the Gelasian
1138:, which, as interpreted by them, it certainly resembles.
148:
in 429 and with St. Severus in 447, directed against the
2468:
Royal MS 2 A XX, British Library, described in Warren's
2319:'s "Anecdota Bibl. Ambros.", IV, pp. 121â59, in Migne's
2065:"Oremus fratres, Dominum Deum nostrum pro fratre nostro"
1879:
Four prayers of exorcism, two Gelasian and two Gregorian
1873:("I anoint you with sanctified oil in the name...") etc.
746:
also seems to charge the Cornish with Quartodecimanism.
2052:("Bless, O Lord, this creature water") (Gregorian) and
1527:
Bidding prayer, sometimes called by its Gallican name,
1053:
at Paris (Lat. 13,246). V. Neale and Forbes entitle it
65:
in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy during the
5011:
1171:
The last three stanzas of the hymn of Cumma in Fota,
2520:
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "The Celtic Rite".
1901:
is peculiar to the Bobbio and Stowe. In other books
1847:(collect upon man, who has the devil) and the third
1162:
The last three stanzas of the hymn of St. Secundus,
6106:
6077:
6023:
5945:
5936:
5908:
5880:
5852:
5792:
5757:
5731:
5652:
5528:
5442:
5397:
5344:
5323:
5292:
5207:
5166:
5088:
5035:
4949:
4940:
4723:
4682:
4621:
4517:
4330:
4299:
4233:
4154:
4027:
Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions
3987:
3901:
3854:
3793:
3780:
3755:
3687:
3609:
3494:
3431:
3356:
3341:
3214:
3128:
3081:
3021:
3004:
2993:
2968:
2832:
2784:
2704:
2627:
2579:
1981:"Deus omnipotens Pater D.N.J.C. qui te regeneravit"
1726:. Adamnan mentions that St. Columba sang Ps. xliv,
1591:; four votive Masses; for the Living and the Dead;
1055:
Missale Vesontionense seu Sacramentarium Gallicanum
2343:In a liturgical note to Kuypers' "Book of Cerne".
1796:"Effeta, effecta est hostia in odorem suavitatis"
939:The Roman Easter and tonsure were adopted by the
2422:All these are given in Warren's "Celtic Church".
1876:Second renunciation in the same words as before
737:Colman at the Synod of Whitby may have had the
152:of which the bishops of Britain stood accused.
2039:Visitation, unction, and communion of the sick
1950:Two psalms (or rather verses of two psalms) -
1010:were considered. Among them is the following:
982:, with early 12th-century additions in Latin,
792:"quarta decima luna post aequinoctium vernale"
774:to the reign of Blathmac and Diarmait sons of
203:, though the details of it are not specified.
4975:
4082:
3319:
2545:
1993:"operare creatura olei operare in nomine"....
599:
199:in the days of St. Aldhelm, which appears in
8:
4963:
1851:is repeated before the Blessing of the Font.
1845:"Collectio super hominem qui habet diabolum"
1141:The service plan in the Book of Mulling is:
891:, the opponent of the Celtic Easter, at the
834:"alii enim habebant coronam, alii caesariem"
25:Portrait of St John from The Book of Mulling
5023:
4987:
2232:Cott. MS. Nero A. II in the British Library
1928:"Exaudi nos Domine......et mittere dignare"
1531:. This is followed by one or more collects.
6169:
6061:
5942:
5840:
5642:
5394:
5085:
5074:
4999:
4946:
4937:
4854:
4505:
4142:
4089:
4075:
4067:
3851:
3790:
3606:
3353:
3326:
3312:
3304:
3078:
3018:
3001:
2552:
2538:
2530:
1930:("Hear us, lord"). The prayer used at the
1184:Last three stanzas of St. Hillary's hymn,
606:
592:
217:
2640:Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
2147:"conservat animam tuam in vitam aeternam"
1816:Chrismation, with which is said the form
786:, from the reign of Laoghaire to that of
175:and others evangelised the Anglo-Saxons.
2205:The Celtic Rite by Catholic Encyclopedia
2169:"Benedicat tibi Dominus et custodiat te"
2114:"Agnosce, Domine, verba quae precepisti"
1762:, though all differ in other additions.
1313:, with collects to follow those and the
925:"juxta quod Anglicana observat Ecclesia"
758:There were Christians in Ireland before
20:
2197:
2050:"Benedic, Domine, hanc creaturam aquae"
2004:Signing of the hands - the priest says
998:Irish (insular and continental) sources
233:
16:Liturgical practices in the Middle Ages
2104:The Lord's Prayer - with introduction
1871:"Ungo te oleo sanctificatio in nomine"
1153:Stanzas 4, 5, 6 of St. Columba's hymn
2650:Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
2645:Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great
1979:("upon the forehead"). The prayer is
1975:The Chrismation - anointing with oil
1914:"Ad catechumenum ex Pagano faciendum"
1860:Renunciation - three separate answers
1818:"Deus D. N. J. C. qui te regeneravit"
1417:, and a number of private devotions.
109:were practically all that were left.
7:
2797:Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
2526:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2263:, 3 vols (Oxford, 1869â78), I, 112â3
1921:"Deus qui ad salutem humani generis"
1810:Confession of faith, with full creed
1785:and preface. (d) Chrismation at font
1564:, but only one collect preceding it.
1290:, besides a few by non-Irish poets.
2106:"Concede Domine nobis famulis tuis"
1464:, which differentiates between the
1380:"De conscientiae reatu ante altare"
970:is a 10th-century gospel book from
782:The first order was in the time of
729:Celtic Passover versus Roman Easter
3385:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2175:("Peace to thee in eternal life").
2125:"Domine sancte Pater te fideliter"
1215:Liber Hymnorum (The Book of Hymns)
105:variant, and the Hispano-Gallican
14:
5495:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
2500:St Paul's Ecclesiological Society
2259:A.W. Haddan and W. Stubbs (ed.),
2127:, is in the present Roman ritual.
2063:Preface - in the Gallican sense,
2001:("accept the white vesture") etc.
871:of Lerins, perhaps a Mass of the
712:makes its date the first year of
299:Christianity in Medieval Scotland
6245:
4495:
4051:
4050:
3288:
2509:
2402:Collezione paleografica Bobbiese
1307:"Cantemus Domino", "Benedicite",
1206:Illegible, possibly the collect
466:Seven Founder Saints of Brittany
243:
4000:Latin Church in the Middle East
2155:"in vitam perpetuam et salutem"
1754:and the 11th-century Mozarabic
1622:, and by the order of baptism.
754:Establishment of the Irish Rite
661:, brought the Ephesine Rite to
647:Story of the English Prayerbook
2311:Edited, in facsimile, for the
2054:"Exorcizo te spiritus immunde"
1790:"Exorcidio te spiritus imunde"
1:
6214:Celtic place names in Galicia
1462:Catalogus Sanctorum Hiberniae
768:Catalogus Sanctorum Hiberniae
260:Christianity in Roman Britain
4156:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
2904:Divine Worship: Daily Office
2173:"pax tibi in vitam aeternam"
1829:"Post Baptism", two collects
1317:psalms (cxlvii-cl) and the "
992:Cambridge University Library
907:fragments and the Stowe and
5138:Welsh literature in English
4235:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
2087:"Ungo te oleo sanctificato"
1520:Collects, sometimes called
1427:The Turin Fragment and the
913:Gilbert, Bishop of Limerick
859:of the first order and the
6290:
5158:Scottish Gaelic literature
4543:Brigantia (ancient region)
3295:Catholic Church portal
2938:Divine Worship: The Missal
2274:"The Book of Deer Project"
2250:Haddan and Stubbs, III, 51
2162:"Deus tibi gratias agimus"
2118:"Creator naturarum omnium"
1893:. The play upon the words
1885:"Ephpheta" - the form is:
1866:Insufflation without words
1772:"Ad Christianum faciendum"
1760:"ut habeas vitam aeternam"
1492:
1351:ordo missae sanctae mariae
461:Twelve Apostles of Ireland
276:Catholic Church in Ireland
6236:
6179:
6168:
6060:
5839:
5641:
5505:Hebridean Celtic Festival
5133:Welsh-language literature
5084:
5073:
4866:
4853:
4504:
4493:
4141:
4108:
4040:
4022:Eastern Catholic Churches
3285:
2785:Other liturgical services
2241:Catechism; S.P.C.K., 1907
2132:"Pax et caritas D.N.J.C."
1934:in the modern Roman rite.
1168:Two supplementary stanzas
1159:A lesson from St. Matt. v
1063:Missa Romensis cottidiana
1030:The Antiphonary of Bangor
927:was finally substituted.
838:"cum duris intentionibus"
140:in A.D. 396 and those of
5938:Ancient Celtic languages
2733:(first hour of daylight)
2483:The Book of Nunnaminster
2180:Consecration of churches
1999:"Accipe vestem candidam"
1794:"Ephpheta". The form is
1252:Coleman mac Ui Clussaigh
1132:Second Vision of Adamnan
923:, in 1172, a Roman Rite
844:to that of his two sons
346:Christianity in Cornwall
304:Hiberno-Scottish mission
290:Christianity in Scotland
35:various liturgical rites
6209:Gaulish words in French
6194:Celtic words in English
4453:Scottish New Zealanders
4343:Anglo-Celtic Australian
3770:Liturgical use of Latin
3396:Pierbattista Pizzaballa
2983:Liturgical use of Latin
2006:"Aperiatur manus pueri"
1977:"in cerebrum in fronte"
1823:Vesting with white robe
1774:(a) First Exorcism (b)
1585:in S. Johannis passione
1475:St. Porcarius of LĂ©rins
1181:, appended to this hymn
1022:Roman Catholic scholar
620:"Ecclesia Lanaledensis"
353:Neo-Celtic Christianity
281:Early Christian Ireland
267:Christianity in Ireland
6274:Latin liturgical rites
5143:Early Irish literature
5024:
5012:
5000:
4988:
4976:
4964:
4433:Scotch-Irish Canadians
4428:Scotch-Irish Americans
4032:Western Rite Orthodoxy
3672:Santiago de Compostela
3601:1983 Code of Canon Law
3576:Protestant Reformation
3519:Historical development
2763:(Anglican Use Vespers)
2354:Henry Bradshaw Society
2313:Henry Bradshaw Society
1945:"circa fontem canitur"
1722:(Ps. lxxxix) was said
1524:, sometimes not named.
1051:BibliothĂšque nationale
136:, from the mission of
89:
26:
5770:Scottish independence
5515:Celtic Media Festival
5398:National music scenes
4629:Proto-Celtic religion
4331:Related ethnic groups
4046:Doctors of the Church
3509:History of the papacy
3368:Patriarch of the West
2834:Liturgical literature
2769:(West Syriac Vespers)
2628:Eucharistic liturgies
2609:Anointing of the Sick
2523:Catholic Encyclopedia
2145:(most high) and ends
2099:"Per istam unctionem"
2056:("I exorcise thee, O
1849:"Deus qui ad salutem"
1712:Catholic Encyclopedia
1600:in symboli traditione
1583:); St. John Baptist;
1577:In symboli traditione
1516:following variables:
1429:Antiphonary of Bangor
1284:Mael-Isu ua Brolchain
1196:In Trinitate spes mea
1105:An 8th-century Irish
744:Gerontius of Dumnonia
681:disagreed, asserting
679:Catholic Encyclopedia
674:ColmĂĄn of Lindisfarne
313:Christianity in Wales
80:
24:
6094:(Medieval Welsh law)
5704:Scottish nationalism
5354:Ancient Celtic music
4674:Romano-Celtic temple
4483:Welsh New Zealanders
4408:Irish New Zealanders
3765:Ecclesiastical Latin
3536:Early African church
3504:Apostolic succession
2978:Ecclesiastical Latin
2899:Liturgy of the Hours
2819:Liturgy of the Hours
2689:Pontifical High Mass
2298:Printed in Warren's
2048:Blessing of water -
1798:. Cf. the Stowe form
1714:speculates that the
1190:Either the antiphon
857:"unam celebrationem"
643:Bishop of Chichester
411:Insular illumination
179:and her companions,
169:Finan of Lindisfarne
157:Aidan of Lindisfarne
120:in A.D. 314 and the
33:" is applied to the
6269:Celtic Christianity
5784:Irish republicanism
5765:Breton independence
5744:Scottish devolution
5677:Cornish nationalism
5500:Pan Celtic Festival
5374:Scottish folk music
5128:Scottish literature
4654:Celtic Christianity
4458:Scottish Travellers
4443:Scottish Argentines
4287:Scottish Travellers
3975:Pre-Tridentine Mass
3586:Counter-Reformation
3348:order of precedence
3202:Pre-Tridentine Mass
2970:Liturgical language
2223:, England (MS. 572)
2110:"libera nos Domine"
1647:Vespertinalis missa
1244:Cummaim of Clonfert
1192:Unitas in Trinitate
1117:The Book of Mulling
865:Germanus of Auxerre
823:Ainmuire mac SĂ©tnai
659:St. John the Divine
639:Origines Liturgicae
582:Portal Christianity
416:Insular monasticism
236:Celtic Christianity
142:Germanus of Auxerre
138:Victridius of Rouen
39:Celtic Christianity
5775:Welsh independence
5739:Cornish devolution
5660:Breton nationalism
5510:Celtic Connections
5113:Cornish literature
4463:Ulster Protestants
4448:Scottish Canadians
4438:Scottish Americans
4348:Anglo-Irish people
3832:Extraordinary form
3742:Isidore of Seville
3730:Augustine of Hippo
3707:Hilary of Poitiers
3423:Francesco Moraglia
3405:Filipe Neri FerrĂŁo
3054:Extraordinary Form
2385:John Henry Bernard
2280:on 11 January 2010
1985:"Vetus Gallicanum"
1752:"Vetus Gallicanum"
1728:Eructavit cor meum
1593:in domo cujuslibet
1450:"Cursus Scottorum"
1443:Office and liturgy
1337:lectiones ad misam
1264:Ăengus of Tallaght
1256:Colman Mac Murchan
1107:pocket gospel book
877:"Cursus Scottorum"
861:"diversas regulas"
803:"diversas regulas"
799:Ăed mac Ainmuirech
714:Theodore of Tarsus
516:Finnian of Movilla
443:Saints and leaders
90:
27:
6256:
6255:
6232:
6231:
6164:
6163:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6015:Cisalpine Gaulish
5835:
5834:
5721:national identity
5716:Welsh nationalism
5709:national identity
5689:Irish nationalism
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5570:Cornish wrestling
5438:
5437:
5359:Breton Folk music
5324:Regional cultures
5167:National cultures
5153:Gaelic literature
5108:Breton literature
5069:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5060:
4849:
4848:
4761:Chief of the Name
4634:Celtic polytheism
4551:Sub-Roman Britain
4491:
4490:
4378:Irish Australians
4358:Cornish Americans
4317:Scottish diaspora
4064:
4063:
3983:
3982:
3897:
3896:
3751:
3750:
3490:
3489:
3301:
3300:
3281:
3280:
3210:
3209:
3124:
3123:
2757:(sunset/evening)
2502:(Vol. IV., 1900).
2487:Bangor Antiphoner
2472:(Vol. II, p. 97).
2470:Bangor Antiphoner
2322:Patrologia Latina
2300:The Celtic Church
2021:"Lucerna pedibus"
2017:Council of Elvira
1987:. The formula is
1937:Second unction -
1855:Consecratio salis
1788:Second Exorcism:
1703:twelve each, and
1697:ad initium noctis
1653:Ad initium noctis
1637:(Vespers, called
1608:expositio symboli
1581:in Quinquaginsimo
1479:Wandilochus Senex
1410:The Leabhar Breac
1396:Other manuscripts
1294:Fragmentary texts
1101:The Book of Dimma
1091:Canon of the Mass
1067:Benedictio Cerei.
1016:Pope Benedict XIV
772:Laoghaire MacNeil
616:
615:
481:Brigit of Kildare
431:Sculptured stones
122:Council of Rimini
67:Early Middle Ages
6281:
6249:
6170:
6062:
6044:Galwegian Gaelic
5943:
5841:
5749:Welsh devolution
5643:
5395:
5384:Sean-nĂłs singing
5379:Welsh folk music
5369:Irish folk music
5336:Highland culture
5118:Irish literature
5098:Arthurian Legend
5086:
5075:
5027:
5015:
5003:
4991:
4979:
4967:
4947:
4938:
4915:Neo-Christianity
4855:
4786:Gaelic astrology
4746:Celtic festivals
4649:Celtic mythology
4622:Ancient religion
4539:Iron Age Britain
4506:
4499:
4478:Welsh Argentines
4418:Irish Uruguayans
4413:Irish Travellers
4383:Irish Brazilians
4373:Irish Argentines
4353:Breton Americans
4307:Cornish diaspora
4269:Irish Travellers
4143:
4135:Celtic languages
4091:
4084:
4077:
4068:
4054:
4053:
3864:Benedictine Rite
3852:
3791:
3782:Liturgical rites
3607:
3581:Council of Trent
3566:Age of Discovery
3546:EastâWest Schism
3354:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3305:
3293:
3292:
3266:East Syriac Rite
3234:Alexandrian Rite
3223:Eastern Catholic
3216:Eastern Catholic
3091:Benedictine Rite
3079:
3019:
3013:liturgical rites
3002:
2921:Roman Pontifical
2777:(end of the day)
2711:Liturgical hours
2554:
2547:
2540:
2531:
2527:
2513:
2512:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2489:(Vol. II, p 83).
2479:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2405:
2398:
2392:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2309:
2303:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2276:. Archived from
2270:
2264:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2217:Bodleian Library
2213:
2207:
2202:
1826:Washing the feet
1778:(c) Insufflation
1720:Domine, Refugium
1701:ad medium noctis
1663:ad medium noctis
1626:Hours and psalms
1616:benedictio cerei
1612:Lectio Passionis
1470:Cursus Scottorum
1454:Cursus psalmorum
1072:The Stowe Missal
967:The Book of Deer
931:Scottish sources
788:TĂșathal MĂĄelgarb
766:'s 7th-century
657:the disciple of
653:, a disciple of
608:
601:
594:
531:Julius and Aaron
337:Synod of Victory
332:Synod of Chester
247:
237:
227:
218:
201:Leofric's Missal
118:Council of Arles
6289:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6228:
6175:
6160:
6102:
6098:Early Scots law
6087:Early Irish law
6073:
6048:
6025:Scottish Gaelic
6019:
5960:Proto-Brittonic
5932:
5928:Beurla Reagaird
5904:
5900:Scottish Gaelic
5876:
5848:
5831:
5827:Columba Project
5807:Celtic Congress
5788:
5753:
5727:
5648:
5629:
5590:Gaelic handball
5580:Gaelic football
5565:Cornish hurling
5524:
5434:
5393:
5340:
5319:
5305:Gaelic clothing
5288:
5203:
5162:
5123:Manx literature
5080:
5057:
5036:Other claimants
5031:
4936:
4886:Celtic Congress
4862:
4845:
4741:Celtic calendar
4719:
4678:
4617:
4513:
4500:
4487:
4473:Welsh Americans
4393:Irish Catholics
4388:Irish Canadians
4368:Irish Americans
4326:
4300:Celtic diaspora
4295:
4229:
4158:
4150:
4137:
4104:
4095:
4065:
4060:
4036:
3979:
3969:Missa Venatoria
3893:
3889:Norbertine Rite
3879:Cistercian Rite
3874:Carthusian Rite
3850:
3827:Tridentine Mass
3823:(Ordinary form)
3821:Mass of Paul VI
3786:Liturgical days
3784:
3776:
3747:
3683:
3605:
3486:
3427:
3388:
3345:
3337:
3332:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3244:Antiochene Rite
3224:
3220:
3217:
3206:
3196:Missa Venatoria
3120:
3116:Norbertine Rite
3106:Cistercian Rite
3101:Carthusian Rite
3077:
3059:Tridentine Mass
3049:Mass of Paul VI
3012:
3008:
2996:
2989:
2964:
2828:
2780:
2727:(early morning)
2709:
2706:Canonical hours
2700:
2623:
2575:
2573:Catholic Church
2558:
2519:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2497:
2493:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2395:
2389:Robert Atkinson
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2182:
2160:Thanksgiving -
2041:
1836:
1768:
1756:"Liber Ordinum"
1736:
1734:Baptism service
1628:
1522:Post Prophetiam
1499:The Bobbio and
1497:
1491:
1466:Cursus Gallorum
1445:
1398:
1296:
1217:
1208:Ascendat oratio
1203:The Paternoster
1179:Exaudi nos Deus
1123:Book of Mulling
1119:
1103:
1074:
1047:
1032:
1000:
988:Scottish Gaelic
933:
893:Synod of Whitby
821:tells how King
756:
731:
612:
576:
575:
457:
453:
449:
444:
436:
435:
366:
358:
357:
322:"Age of Saints"
255:
235:
223:
216:
75:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6287:
6285:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6261:
6260:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6243:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6116:Gaelic warfare
6112:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6092:Cyfraith Hywel
6089:
6083:
6081:
6075:
6074:
6065:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6041:
6039:Deeside Gaelic
6036:
6030:
6028:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6012:
6010:Hispano-Celtic
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5965:Proto-Goidelic
5962:
5957:
5951:
5949:
5940:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5886:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5858:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5817:Celtic society
5814:
5812:Celtic Revival
5809:
5804:
5798:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5780:United Ireland
5777:
5772:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5625:Welsh handball
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5605:Highland games
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5481:
5472:
5463:
5448:
5446:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5399:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5331:Gaelic culture
5327:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5310:Highland dress
5307:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5274:Pictish stones
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5017:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4969:
4956:
4954:
4944:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4917:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4878:
4876:Celtic nations
4873:
4871:Celtic Revival
4867:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4644:Celtic Animism
4641:
4639:Celtic deities
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4598:Cisalpine Gaul
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4570:
4561:
4536:
4527:
4525:Gaelic Ireland
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4502:
4501:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4423:Manx Americans
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4398:Irish Chileans
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4363:English people
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4322:Welsh diaspora
4319:
4314:
4312:Irish diaspora
4309:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4139:
4138:
4119:Celtic studies
4111:Celtic nations
4109:
4106:
4105:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4071:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3916:
3914:Aquileian Rite
3911:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3884:Dominican Rite
3881:
3876:
3871:
3869:Carmelite Rite
3866:
3860:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3813:
3811:Mozarabic Rite
3808:
3803:
3801:Ambrosian Rite
3797:
3795:
3788:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3739:
3736:Pope Gregory I
3733:
3727:
3721:
3719:Pope Damasus I
3716:
3710:
3704:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3689:Church Fathers
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3615:
3613:
3611:Apostolic sees
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3561:Western Schism
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3457:Constantinople
3454:
3448:
3442:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3360:
3358:
3351:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3261:Byzantine Rite
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3141:Aquileian Rite
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3111:Dominican Rite
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Carmelite Rite
3093:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3039:Mozarabic Rite
3036:
3031:
3029:Ambrosian Rite
3025:
3023:
3016:
2999:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2862:Roman Breviary
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2715:
2713:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2635:Divine Liturgy
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2534:
2505:
2504:
2491:
2474:
2461:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2393:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2304:
2291:
2265:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2165:
2158:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2102:
2071:
2068:
2061:
2058:unclean spirit
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2013:
2002:
1995:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1935:
1924:
1917:
1906:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1767:
1764:
1735:
1732:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1656:
1650:
1639:ad Vespertinam
1627:
1624:
1589:Missa omnimoda
1572:
1571:
1565:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1493:Main article:
1490:
1487:
1444:
1441:
1397:
1394:
1333:"pro captivis"
1324:There are two
1295:
1292:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1188:
1182:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1128:Liber Hymnorum
1118:
1115:
1102:
1099:
1073:
1070:
1046:
1040:
1031:
1028:
999:
996:
932:
929:
885:Quartodecimans
852:(c. 599â665).
819:Life of Gildas
813:), and Docus (
807:David of Wales
755:
752:
730:
727:
692:A letter from
685:Ambrosian Rite
649:proposed that
614:
613:
611:
610:
603:
596:
588:
585:
584:
578:
577:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
447:Cornish saints
445:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
355:
349:
348:
342:
341:
340:
339:
334:
329:
327:Synod of Brefi
324:
316:
315:
309:
308:
307:
306:
301:
293:
292:
286:
285:
284:
283:
278:
270:
269:
263:
262:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
240:
239:
231:
230:
215:
212:
177:Ia of Cornwall
107:Mozarabic Rite
74:
71:
59:St. Columbanus
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6286:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6248:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6225:
6224:â in Portugal
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6204:â in Galician
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6171:
6167:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6063:
6059:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5842:
5838:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5802:Celtic League
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5794:Pan-Celticism
5791:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5670:reunification
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5644:
5640:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5284:Triple spiral
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5103:Bardic Poetry
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5076:
5072:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5026:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:Celtic League
4948:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4891:Celtic League
4889:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4881:Pan-Celticism
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4781:Gaelicisation
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4756:Celticisation
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:Iron Age Gaul
4562:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4547:Roman Britain
4544:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4403:Irish Mexican
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4127:Celtic tribes
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4057:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3955:Missa Nautica
3952:
3950:
3949:Gallican Rite
3947:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3806:Rite of Braga
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3551:Scholasticism
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3526:First Martyrs
3524:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3514:Papal primacy
3512:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3343:Patriarchates
3340:
3336:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:Armenian Rite
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3219:
3213:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3182:Missa Nautica
3179:
3177:
3176:Gallican Rite
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:Rite of Braga
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:Book of hours
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2678:Missa Cantata
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2516:public domain
2501:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:and embolism
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:Monte Cassino
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2033:
2032:Liber Ordinum
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:Signum Crucis
1839:Exorcism and
1838:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:Signum Crucis
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:Ad duodecimam
1633:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1602:includes the
1601:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:Stowe Missals
1496:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:Book of Cerne
1432:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1422:Book of Cerne
1418:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:Book of Cerne
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:Scandalan Mor
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1225:Leabhar Breac
1222:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Speckled Book
1133:
1129:
1124:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1111:Book of Dimma
1108:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:Edmund Bishop
1056:
1052:
1045:
1044:Bobbio Missal
1041:
1039:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1024:Edmund Bishop
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
997:
995:
993:
990:. Now in the
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:Aberdeenshire
973:
969:
968:
963:
959:
958:
954:
948:
946:
942:
937:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
917:Saint Malachy
914:
910:
906:
902:
896:
894:
890:
886:
881:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
784:Saint Patrick
780:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:Saint Patrick
753:
751:
747:
745:
740:
739:Quartodeciman
735:
728:
726:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:Henry Spelman
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
686:
680:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
609:
604:
602:
597:
595:
590:
589:
587:
586:
583:
580:
579:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
561:Samson of Dol
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
456:
452:
448:
440:
439:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
362:
361:
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
343:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
317:
314:
311:
310:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
295:
294:
291:
288:
287:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
272:
271:
268:
265:
264:
261:
258:
257:
251:
250:
246:
242:
241:
238:
232:
228:
226:
220:
219:
213:
211:
209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:attended the
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
87:
86:Morecambe Bay
83:
79:
72:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
6241:Celts portal
6199:â in Spanish
6034:Arran Gaelic
5955:Proto-Celtic
5923:Bungi Creole
5822:Celtic unity
5758:Independence
5557:
5540:
5364:Gaelic music
5300:Celtic Dress
5249:High crosses
5239:Celtic cross
5217:Bell shrines
5148:Irish annals
4930:Neo-Druidism
4925:Celtic Wicca
4896:Celtic union
4860:Modern Celts
4751:Celtic women
4659:Celtic Rites
4658:
4608:Transylvania
4468:Ulster Scots
4338:Anglo-Celtic
4185:Celtiberians
4130:
4122:
4114:
4102:modern Celts
4015:Titular sees
3967:
3960:
3953:
3932:Hereford Use
3921:
3909:African Rite
3839:Anglican Use
3531:Great Church
3378:
3335:Latin Church
3194:
3187:
3180:
3159:Hereford Use
3148:
3136:African Rite
3066:Anglican Use
3006:Latin Church
2960:Sacramentary
2955:Roman Ritual
2943:Roman Missal
2751:(ninth hour)
2739:(third hour)
2676:
2662:Holy Qurbono
2657:Holy Qurbana
2594:Confirmation
2521:
2508:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2320:
2307:
2299:
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:the original
2268:
2260:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2211:
2200:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2031:
2027:
2026:Communion -
2020:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1870:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1817:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1783:Sursum Corda
1782:
1775:
1771:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1705:ad matutinam
1704:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1668:Ad matutinam
1667:
1662:
1659:Ad nocturnam
1658:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1399:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1207:
1195:
1191:
1186:Hymnum dicat
1185:
1178:
1173:Celebra Juda
1172:
1164:Audite omnes
1163:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1104:
1095:
1078:Stowe Missal
1075:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1048:
1033:
1020:
1011:
1005:
1001:
965:
964:
960:
956:
952:
949:
938:
934:
924:
897:
882:
876:
860:
856:
854:
837:
833:
829:
827:
818:
802:
796:
791:
781:
767:
757:
748:
736:
732:
718:reordination
698:St. Boniface
694:Pope Zachary
691:
682:
678:
671:
655:St. Polycarp
646:
638:
636:
619:
617:
455:Welsh saints
451:Irish saints
390:
381:Celtic Cross
376:Celtic chant
224:
205:
154:
111:
91:
73:Welsh church
63:Saint Catald
30:
28:
18:
6156:Trimarcisia
6141:GallĂłglaigh
5970:Celtiberian
5694:Isle of Man
5653:Nationalism
5542:Bataireacht
5461:Calan Gaeaf
5420:Isle of Man
5264:Leaf-crowns
5254:Insular art
5227:Dragonesque
5189:Isle of Man
5043:Nova Scotia
4996:Isle of Man
4920:Neopaganism
4669:Monasticism
4180:Caledonians
3995:Latin cross
3962:Missa sicca
3927:Durham Rite
3922:Celtic Rite
3477:(1555â1663)
3465:(1524â1963)
3463:West Indies
3459:(1204â1964)
3453:(1098â1964)
3447:(1276â1964)
3414:Rui Valério
3401:East Indies
3249:West Syriac
3189:Missa sicca
3154:Durham Rite
3149:Celtic Rite
2911:Martyrology
2879:Gospel Book
2874:Euchologion
2847:Antiphonary
2721:(nighttime)
2684:Solemn Mass
2614:Holy Orders
2167:Blessing -
2143:"altissimi"
1766:Bobbio form
1724:ad secundam
1674:Ad secundam
1643:ad Vesperam
1568:Contestatio
1558:Post nomina
1536:post nomina
1495:Celtic Mass
1319:Benedictus"
1145:(illegible)
1036:County Down
945:Malcolm III
406:Insular art
391:Celtic Rite
386:Celtic mass
371:Bell shrine
181:Saint Piran
150:Pelagianism
97:period the
95:Carolingian
57:founded by
55:monasteries
31:Celtic Rite
6263:Categories
6219:â in Italy
6121:Ceathairne
5985:Gallaecian
5615:Road bowls
5520:Eisteddfod
5488:Calan Awst
5484:Lughnasadh
5090:Literature
4953:definition
4776:Clan chief
4568:Roman Gaul
4559:Hen Ogledd
4285:including
4267:including
3816:Roman Rite
3697:Tertullian
3596:Vatican II
3483:(560â1451)
3471:(560â1751)
3445:Alexandria
3044:Roman Rite
2995:Liturgical
2916:Pontifical
2894:Lectionary
2889:Horologion
2824:Procession
2694:Papal Mass
2581:Sacraments
2561:Sacraments
2192:References
1932:"Asperges"
1903:"Ephpheta"
1834:Stowe form
1758:in adding
1680:Ad tertiam
1655:(Compline)
1548:Sometimes
1483:Gomorillus
1365:St. Gallen
1155:Noli pater
1149:Magnificat
842:Ăed SlĂĄine
776:Ăed SlĂĄine
683:(see also
667:Sarum Rite
632:Saint-Malo
624:St Germans
496:Columbanus
134:Canterbury
126:St. Martin
99:Roman Rite
29:The term "
6151:Redshanks
6126:Ceithearn
5854:Brittonic
5846:Languages
5479:Calan Mai
5470:GƔyl Fair
5444:Festivals
5259:Interlace
4683:Mythology
4591:Gallaecia
4205:Galatians
3937:Sarum Use
3844:Zaire Use
3591:Vatican I
3392:Jerusalem
3254:Malankara
3164:Sarum Use
3071:Zaire Use
2869:Customary
2619:Matrimony
2599:Eucharist
2569:liturgies
2404:, Vol. I.
2284:4 January
1926:Prayer -
1919:Prayer -
1908:Prayer -
1685:Ad sextam
1598:The Mass
1554:Praefatio
1529:Praefatio
1361:Fragments
1329:Fragments
1327:Karlsruhe
1311:"Te Deum"
1260:Cuchuimne
1200:The Creed
1177:Antiphon
1008:Agrestius
984:Old Irish
901:Carlsruhe
869:Honoratus
809:, Gilla (
622:(perhaps
536:Kentigern
511:Dubricius
146:St. Lupus
103:Ambrosian
6136:Gaesatae
6027:dialects
5990:Lepontic
5980:Galatian
5882:Goidelic
5732:Autonomy
5647:Politics
5600:Rounders
5452:Calendar
5425:Scotland
5410:Cornwall
5405:Brittany
5293:Clothing
5244:Knotwork
5222:Brooches
5194:Scotland
5179:Cornwall
5174:Brittany
5053:Y Wladfa
5008:Scotland
4972:Cornwall
4960:Brittany
4811:SeanchaĂ
4806:Tanistry
4766:Derbfine
4695:Scottish
4586:Brittany
4582:Domnonée
4578:Armorica
4573:Britonia
4555:Dumnonia
4530:DĂĄlriata
4215:Lepontii
4210:Helvetii
4195:Gallaeci
4056:Category
3988:See also
3942:York Use
3918:British
3757:Language
3665:Barnabas
3636:Syracuse
3571:Humanism
3556:Crusades
3475:Ethiopia
3469:Aquileia
3441:(?â1964)
3439:Carthage
3380:cathedra
3218:Churches
3169:York Use
3145:British
2857:Breviary
2802:Exorcism
2792:Asperges
2775:Compline
2761:Evensong
2672:Low Mass
2317:Muratori
1690:Ad nonam
1604:traditio
1562:Ad Pacem
1543:Ad Pacem
1541:Collect
1534:Collect
1489:The Mass
1390:Fragment
1375:Fragment
1359:St. Gall
1347:Fragment
1345:Piacenza
1303:Fragment
1236:Sechnall
1087:Ordinary
980:Scotland
972:Old Deer
905:Piacenza
873:Gallican
850:Blathmac
846:Diarmait
764:Tirechan
723:Hispanic
663:Provence
651:Irenaeus
641:and the
628:Cornwall
551:Oudoceus
521:Gwynllyw
501:Cuthbert
365:Features
225:a series
221:Part of
193:Cornwall
191:came to
130:Whithorn
112:British
53:and the
51:Brittany
37:used in
6189:Deities
6146:Hobelar
6108:Warfare
6071:Warfare
6005:Pictish
6000:Cumbric
5975:Gaulish
5947:Extinct
5867:Cornish
5665:history
5610:Hurling
5584:Ladies'
5575:Curling
5548:Camogie
5475:Beltane
5457:Samhain
5415:Ireland
5184:Ireland
5079:Culture
5048:England
4984:Ireland
4942:Nations
4841:Coinage
4831:Warfare
4724:Society
4715:Cornish
4705:British
4613:Galatia
4603:Balkans
4511:Studies
4248:Cornish
4243:Bretons
4220:Noricum
4175:Britons
4148:Peoples
4044:* also
3902:Defunct
3794:Current
3713:Ambrose
3702:Cyprian
3541:Vulgate
3496:History
3451:Antioch
3432:Defunct
3375:Francis
3357:Current
3271:Malabar
3225:liturgy
3129:Defunct
3022:Current
2928:Psalter
2884:Gradual
2812:Requiem
2807:Funeral
2755:Vespers
2604:Penance
2589:Baptism
2571:of the
2518::
2215:In the
1943:Litany
1899:effecta
1813:Baptism
1716:Laudate
1676:(Prime)
1670:(Lauds)
1620:Exultet
1550:secreta
1458:Synaxis
1415:Te Deum
1406:Mercian
1315:Laudate
1276:Sanctam
1272:Broccan
1134:in the
889:Wilfrid
817:). The
702:Trinity
645:in his
571:Tewdrig
556:Patrick
491:Columba
476:Brendan
426:Plygain
401:Culdees
254:History
214:Liturgy
173:Jaruman
161:Foillan
144:, with
132:and at
114:bishops
82:Cartmel
47:Ireland
43:Britain
6184:Tribes
6131:Fianna
5918:Shelta
5862:Breton
5682:status
5620:Shinty
5595:Gouren
5559:Cnapan
5553:Cammag
5466:Imbolc
5389:Carnyx
5315:Tartan
5234:Carnyx
5001:Mannin
4977:Kernow
4965:Breizh
4835:Gaelic
4791:FĂĄinne
4736:Brehon
4710:Breton
4664:Druids
4518:Places
4225:Volcae
4170:Belgae
4131:·
4129:
4123:·
4121:
4115:·
4113:
4010:Turkey
4005:Latins
3856:Orders
3724:Jerome
3419:Venice
3410:Lisbon
3377:(with
3083:Orders
2950:Tonary
2933:Missal
2842:Agpeya
2767:Ramsha
2745:(noon)
2719:Matins
2567:, and
2221:Oxford
2130:Pax -
1895:effeta
1820:, etc.
1699:, and
1388:ZĂŒrich
1288:Ninine
1286:, and
1248:Muging
1232:Gildas
921:Cashel
909:Bobbio
811:Gildas
546:Ninian
526:Illtud
197:Wessex
189:Petroc
185:Sennen
183:, St.
101:, its
6174:Lists
5995:Noric
5910:Mixed
5890:Irish
5872:Welsh
5536:Bando
5529:Sport
5430:Wales
5346:Music
5279:Torcs
5269:Mazes
5199:Wales
5025:Cymru
5020:Wales
4903:Music
4826:Vates
4821:TĂșath
4771:Druid
4700:Welsh
4690:Irish
4281:Scots
4263:Irish
4258:Gaels
4253:Welsh
4200:Gauls
4190:Gaels
4161:Names
4133:
4125:
4117:
4098:Celts
3677:James
3660:Milan
3648:Malta
3641:Peter
3624:Peter
3481:Grado
3011:Latin
2997:rites
2749:Nones
2737:Terce
2731:Prime
2725:Lauds
2565:rites
2219:, in
1373:Basel
1301:Turin
1268:Fiacc
1240:Ultan
1083:Stowe
941:Picts
815:Cadoc
710:Mansi
566:Teilo
506:David
486:Cadoc
471:Alban
421:Papar
165:Diuma
6069:and
5895:Manx
5782:and
5013:Alba
4989:Ăire
4908:Rock
4816:Sept
4796:Fili
4731:Bard
4534:Alba
4276:Manx
4100:and
3653:Paul
3629:Paul
3619:Rome
3372:Pope
3370:'):
3364:Rome
3346:(by
2743:Sext
2667:Mass
2387:and
2286:2010
2095:Asti
2008:and
1991:and
1897:and
1641:and
1606:and
1481:and
1456:and
1434:The
1385:The
1370:The
1356:The
1342:The
1309:and
1298:The
1121:The
1089:and
1076:The
1042:The
986:and
903:and
867:and
855:The
848:and
541:Malo
396:Clas
208:Bede
61:and
49:and
6079:Law
6067:Law
5209:Art
4801:Law
3383:in
1661:or
1560:or
794:).
696:to
669:.
626:in
128:at
84:on
41:in
6265::
4584:/
4580:/
4566:/
4557:/
4553:/
4549:/
4545:/
4541:/
4532:/
3421::
3412::
3403::
3394::
3366:('
2563:,
1556:,
1382:.
1282:,
1278:,
1274:,
1270:,
1266:,
1262:,
1258:,
1254:,
1250:,
1246:,
1242:,
1238:,
1234:,
978:,
974:,
229:on
187:,
171:,
167:,
163:,
159:,
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5586:)
5582:(
5486:/
5477:/
5468:/
5459:/
5028:)
5022:(
5016:)
5010:(
5004:)
4998:(
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4986:(
4980:)
4974:(
4968:)
4962:(
4837:)
4833:(
4163:)
4159:(
4090:e
4083:t
4076:v
3744:*
3738:*
3732:*
3726:*
3715:*
3709:*
3387:)
3350:)
3327:e
3320:t
3313:v
3227:)
3221:(
3015:)
3009:(
2708:,
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2391:.
2288:.
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1538:.
1452:(
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607:e
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593:v
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