1164:
44:
900:
608:
material, work published 5 years later, but the discovery left cephalodiscid phylogeny unclear. M'Intosh proposed placement amongst the polyzoa, whilst Harmer suggested the modern placement amongst hemichordates. The
Swedish expedition provided a plethora of new species, and subsequent researchers
848:
1035:
1074:
1163:
1205:
1022:
1048:
272:
species do not form large colonies and are only pseudocolonial, but they do share a common area with individual buds for each zooid.
752:
718:
1136:
923:
780:
1198:
904:
1053:
1061:
833:
1229:
590:
409:
1239:
983:
516:
329:
1191:
1079:
359:
157:
52:
641:
469:
339:
309:
459:
389:
319:
505:
449:
1234:
1224:
936:
419:
399:
1110:
489:
479:
429:
379:
43:
988:
1128:
742:
1141:
1089:
1009:
911:
768:
702:
369:
349:
439:
974:
605:
181:
60:
1115:
1097:
1040:
996:
872:
825:
748:
714:
1175:
288:
zooids can be produced via asexual budding. There are a few pairs of tentacled arms, whereas
1102:
864:
817:
724:
645:
is the most recently discovered species. It was described in 2020 from specimens found in
567:
247:
119:
566:, whose relative inaccessibility has historically limited human study of the genus. The
581:
563:
251:
107:
1218:
262:
All known species live in a secreted coenecium attached to a rock substrate. Unlike
95:
798:
1171:
1001:
610:
264:
239:
149:
83:
713:. Antarctic Research. Vol. 17 (IV). Baltimore: Horn-Shafer. pp. 83–110.
1066:
968:
609:
began to recognize cephalodiscid species in the relatively temperate waters off
597:
had been identified. In 1882, M'Intosh (later spelled McIntosh) had identified
959:
899:
17:
821:
646:
829:
622:
618:
614:
559:
243:
876:
953:
602:
555:
281:
1027:
868:
650:
71:
930:
1123:
934:
1014:
853:
sp. nov. (Hemichordata: Pterobranchia) from Sagami Bay, Japan"
709:. In Llano, George A.; Wallen, I. Eugene (eds.).
803:
dredged by the 'Challenger' in 1874 at
Kerguelen Island"
1179:
625:. At the same time, researchers also determined that
847:
Miyamoto N, Nishikawa T, Namikawa H (February 2020).
943:
707:collected during Operation Deep Freeze, 1956-1959"
27:Genus of hemichordates in the pterobranchian class
280:counterparts, and are able to move around within
1199:
8:
1206:
1192:
931:
736:
734:
42:
31:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
668:M'Intosh W (1882) Preliminary notice of
792:
790:
661:
276:zooids are also more mobile than their
810:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
678:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
672:, a new type allied to Prof. Allman's
474:Miyamoto, Nishikawa and Namikawa, 2020
797:Ridewood, W. G. (October 1921).
7:
1160:
1158:
1129:C6288786-FFA7-FB67-FF4C-DED3FCE2FB6C
1090:9aba3a35-ee47-4e52-9b38-f8672ea747c7
1178:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
25:
676:dredged in H.M.S. 'Challenger.'.
576:may have unwittingly encountered
1162:
924:World Register of Marine Species
898:
781:World Register of Marine Species
510:Abrard, Dollfus & Soyer 1950
701:Markham, John C. (1971).
1:
989:Cephalodiscus;Cephalodiscinae
834:Biodiversity Heritage Library
711:Biology of the Antarctic Seas
334:Johnston & Muirhead, 1951
292:has only one pair of arms.
591:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
410:Cephalodiscus graptolitoides
521:Schweigert & Dietl 2013
517:Cephalodiscus nusplingensis
330:Cephalodiscus australiensis
314:Harmer & Ridewood, 1914
1256:
1157:
649:off the southern coast of
360:Cephalodiscus dodecalophus
158:Cephalodiscus dodecalophus
53:Cephalodiscus dodecalophus
851:Cephalodiscus planitectus
822:10.1080/00222932108632603
642:Cephalodiscus planitectus
499:Extinct species include:
470:Cephalodiscus planitectus
340:Cephalodiscus calciformis
310:Cephalodiscus agglutinans
187:
180:
173:
168:
155:
148:
61:Scientific classification
59:
50:
41:
34:
506:Cephalodiscus lutetianus
460:Cephalodiscus nigrescens
390:Cephalodiscus gilchristi
320:Cephalodiscus atlanticus
744:Graptolite Paleobiology
526:Proposed subgenera are
450:Cephalodiscus levinsoni
1174:-related article is a
420:Cephalodiscus hodgsoni
400:Cephalodiscus gracilis
1111:Paleobiology Database
741:Maletz, Jörg (2017).
490:Cephalodiscus solidus
480:Cephalodiscus sibogae
430:Cephalodiscus indicus
380:Cephalodiscus fumosus
304:have been described:
300:19 living species of
801:Cephalodiscus densus
546:Historical discovery
370:Cephalodiscus evansi
350:Cephalodiscus densus
1230:Hemichordate genera
747:. Wiley-Blackwell.
593:of 1901-1903, only
580:specimens, and the
440:Cephalodiscus kempi
1240:Hemichordate stubs
857:Zoological Science
606:Magellanic-Straits
1187:
1186:
1152:
1151:
1098:Open Tree of Life
937:Taxon identifiers
799:"On specimens of
522:
511:
495:
485:
475:
465:
455:
445:
435:
425:
415:
405:
395:
385:
375:
365:
355:
345:
335:
325:
315:
231:
230:
225:
215:
205:
195:
16:(Redirected from
1247:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1166:
1159:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1131:
1119:
1118:
1106:
1105:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1070:
1069:
1067:NHMSYS0021054478
1057:
1056:
1044:
1043:
1031:
1030:
1018:
1017:
1005:
1004:
992:
991:
979:
978:
977:
964:
963:
962:
932:
927:
903:Data related to
902:
887:
886:
884:
883:
869:10.2108/zs190010
844:
838:
837:
807:
794:
785:
784:
765:
759:
758:
738:
729:
728:
725:Internet Archive
723:– via the
703:"The Species of
698:
681:
666:
589:; but until the
520:
509:
493:
483:
473:
463:
453:
443:
434:Schepotieff 1909
433:
423:
413:
403:
393:
383:
373:
363:
353:
343:
333:
323:
313:
223:
213:
203:
193:
46:
32:
21:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1000:
995:
987:
982:
973:
972:
967:
958:
957:
952:
939:
910:
895:
890:
881:
879:
846:
845:
841:
816:(46): 433–440.
805:
796:
795:
788:
767:
766:
762:
755:
740:
739:
732:
721:
700:
699:
684:
667:
663:
659:
548:
494:Andersson, 1907
298:
260:
248:Cephalodiscidae
164:
161:
144:
141:
140:
126:
123:
122:
120:Cephalodiscidae
110:
98:
86:
74:
28:
23:
22:
18:Cephalodiscidae
15:
12:
11:
5:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1167:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1133:
1120:
1107:
1094:
1084:
1071:
1058:
1045:
1032:
1019:
1006:
993:
980:
965:
949:
947:
941:
940:
935:
929:
928:
908:
907:at Wikispecies
894:
893:External links
891:
889:
888:
839:
786:
760:
753:
730:
719:
682:
660:
658:
655:
595:C. Dodecalphus
564:Southern Ocean
547:
544:
524:
523:
512:
497:
496:
486:
476:
466:
464:Lankester 1905
456:
446:
436:
426:
424:Ridewood, 1907
416:
406:
396:
394:Ridewood, 1908
386:
376:
366:
356:
354:Andersson 1907
346:
336:
326:
316:
297:
294:
259:
256:
252:Cephalodiscida
238:is a genus of
229:
228:
227:
226:
224:Andersson 1907
216:
206:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
171:
170:
166:
165:
162:
153:
152:
146:
145:
143:M'Intosh, 1882
142:
134:
132:
128:
127:
124:
118:
116:
112:
111:
108:Cephalodiscida
106:
104:
100:
99:
94:
92:
88:
87:
82:
80:
76:
75:
70:
68:
64:
63:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1252:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:Pterobranchia
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:Cephalodiscus
1223:
1222:
1220:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
985:
981:
976:
975:Cephalodiscus
970:
966:
961:
955:
951:
950:
948:
946:
945:Cephalodiscus
942:
938:
933:
925:
921:
917:
915:
914:Cephalodiscus
909:
906:
905:Cephalodiscus
901:
897:
896:
892:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
852:
843:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
802:
793:
791:
787:
782:
778:
774:
772:
771:Cephalodiscus
764:
761:
756:
754:9781118515617
750:
746:
745:
737:
735:
731:
726:
722:
720:0-87590-117-4
716:
712:
708:
706:
705:Cephalodiscus
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:Cephalodiscus
665:
662:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
643:
638:
636:
633:were in fact
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
585:
584:
579:
578:C. Nigrescens
575:
574:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
545:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
519:
518:
513:
508:
507:
502:
501:
500:
492:
491:
487:
482:
481:
477:
472:
471:
467:
462:
461:
457:
452:
451:
447:
442:
441:
437:
432:
431:
427:
422:
421:
417:
412:
411:
407:
402:
401:
397:
392:
391:
387:
382:
381:
377:
372:
371:
367:
364:McIntosh 1882
362:
361:
357:
352:
351:
347:
342:
341:
337:
332:
331:
327:
322:
321:
317:
312:
311:
307:
306:
305:
303:
302:Cephalodiscus
295:
293:
291:
287:
286:Cephalodiscus
283:
279:
275:
274:Cephalodiscus
271:
270:Cephalodiscus
267:
266:
257:
255:
253:
250:of the order
249:
245:
241:
240:hemichordates
237:
236:
235:Cephalodiscus
221:
217:
214:Ridewood 1906
211:
207:
201:
197:
194:Ridewood 1906
192:
189:
188:
186:
183:
179:
176:
172:
167:
163:McIntosh 1882
160:
159:
154:
151:
147:
139:
138:
137:Cephalodiscus
133:
130:
129:
121:
117:
114:
113:
109:
105:
102:
101:
97:
96:Pterobranchia
93:
90:
89:
85:
81:
78:
77:
73:
69:
66:
65:
62:
58:
55:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
36:Cephalodiscus
33:
30:
19:
1180:expanding it
1172:hemichordate
1169:
1154:
944:
919:
913:
880:. Retrieved
863:(1): 79–90.
860:
856:
850:
842:
832:– via
813:
809:
800:
776:
770:
763:
743:
710:
704:
677:
674:Rhabdopleura
673:
669:
664:
640:
639:
637:specimens.
634:
630:
626:
611:South Africa
598:
594:
586:
582:
577:
572:
568:
552:Cephalodisci
551:
549:
540:acoelothecia
539:
535:
531:
527:
525:
515:
504:
498:
488:
478:
468:
458:
448:
438:
428:
418:
408:
398:
388:
378:
368:
358:
348:
338:
328:
318:
308:
301:
299:
290:Rhabdopleura
289:
285:
278:Rhabdopleura
277:
273:
269:
265:Rhabdopleura
263:
261:
234:
233:
232:
219:
209:
200:Acoelothecia
199:
190:
174:
156:
150:Type species
136:
135:
125:Harmer, 1905
84:Hemichordata
51:
35:
29:
969:Wikispecies
680:10: 337-348
599:Dodecalphus
532:demiothecia
484:Harmer 1905
454:Harmer 1905
404:Harmer 1905
324:Bayer, 1962
258:Description
191:Demiothecia
1219:Categories
882:2020-09-17
657:References
647:Sagami Bay
631:andersonii
583:Challenger
528:idiothecia
444:John, 1932
414:Dilly 1993
384:John, 1932
344:Emig, 1977
210:Idiothecia
204:John, 1931
830:0374-5481
653:, Japan.
635:C. densus
623:Australia
619:Sri Lanka
615:Falklands
587:C. densus
560:Antarctic
536:orthoecus
244:monotypic
220:Orthoecus
175:See text
67:Kingdom:
960:Q3830429
954:Wikidata
877:32068377
627:C. rarus
374:Ridewood
182:Synonyms
169:Species
115:Family:
79:Phylum:
72:Animalia
1041:1304007
1028:2254434
603:dredged
558:to the
556:endemic
296:Species
282:tubaria
246:family
242:in the
131:Genus:
103:Order:
91:Class:
1142:264904
1103:197170
1087:NZOR:
1080:117498
1054:206875
875:
828:
751:
717:
651:Honshu
621:, and
613:, the
573:Terror
569:Erebus
538:, and
1170:This
1137:WoRMS
1124:Plazi
1116:33531
1036:IRMNG
1015:64745
1002:62JVN
920:WoRMS
806:(PDF)
777:WoRMS
601:from
1176:stub
1075:NCBI
1049:ITIS
1023:GBIF
873:PMID
826:ISSN
749:ISBN
715:ISBN
629:and
571:and
562:and
554:are
550:The
542:.
1062:NBN
1010:EoL
997:CoL
984:AFD
865:doi
818:doi
1221::
1139::
1126::
1113::
1100::
1077::
1064::
1051::
1038::
1025::
1012::
999::
986::
971::
956::
922:.
918:.
871:.
861:37
859:.
855:.
824:.
812:.
808:.
789:^
779:.
775:.
733:^
685:^
617:,
534:,
530:,
284:.
268:,
254:.
222:)
212:)
202:)
1207:e
1200:t
1193:v
1182:.
926:.
916:"
912:"
885:.
867::
849:"
836:.
820::
814:8
783:.
773:"
769:"
757:.
727:.
514:†
503:†
218:(
208:(
198:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
