596:
31:
191:
The order is a small one, with only two known families, each containing a single extant genus. The validity of the family
Atubaridae, who has only a sole member, is regarded as questionable.
506:
325:
545:
595:
637:
519:
630:
363:"Convergence in the Feeding Apparatuses of Lophophorates and Pterobranch Hemichordates Revealed by 18S rDNA: An Interpretation"
524:
532:
322:
666:
493:
661:
623:
550:
656:
446:
568:
30:
560:
249:
227:
238:
484:
172:
216:
126:
45:
438:
Harmer. S. F. 1905. The
Pterobranchia ol the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Exped. Monogr. 26. 1-131
573:
423:
382:
607:
351:
Shipley, A.E. (1902). Zoology: An
Elementary Textbook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
511:
413:
374:
329:
205:
111:
362:
498:
650:
284:
271:
164:
117:
80:
603:
168:
68:
537:
478:
180:
469:
295:
135:
427:
418:
401:
386:
402:"The classification of the Pterobranchia (Cephalodiscida and Graptolithina)"
176:
463:
260:
56:
440:
378:
340:
444:
167:, which are small, worm-shaped animals. Members belong to the
16:
611:
453:
631:
8:
638:
624:
441:
29:
20:
417:
315:
7:
592:
590:
561:2666e4fb-7776-433b-b9f4-ecd5ccd0bc3c
610:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
163:is one of two orders in the class
14:
594:
232:Kozlowski 1938 ex Kozlowski 1949
151:Zessin & von Puttkamer 1994
361:Halanych, K. M. (1996-02-01).
323:animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
1:
175:, living in clear water and
171:. Species in this order are
683:
589:
39:Cephalodiscus dodecalophus
132:
125:
108:
103:
46:Scientific classification
44:
37:
28:
23:
419:10.3140/bull.geosci.1465
406:Bulletin of Geosciences
367:The Biological Bulletin
606:-related article is a
328:June 29, 2011, at the
243:Öpik 1930 ex Öpik 1933
569:Paleobiology Database
400:Maletz, Jörg (2014).
300:Briggs and Koch 2023
289:Briggs and Koch 2023
196:Order Cephalodiscida
667:Hemichordate stubs
143:Eocephalodiscidae
662:Bilaterian orders
619:
618:
584:
583:
447:Taxon identifiers
301:
290:
277:
266:
255:
244:
233:
222:
211:
200:
158:
157:
152:
149:Melanostrophidae
146:
140:
674:
640:
633:
626:
598:
591:
577:
576:
564:
563:
554:
553:
541:
540:
538:NBNSYS0000159617
528:
527:
515:
514:
502:
501:
489:
488:
487:
474:
473:
472:
442:
432:
431:
421:
397:
391:
390:
358:
352:
349:
343:
338:
332:
320:
299:
288:
275:
264:
253:
242:
231:
220:
209:
198:
150:
144:
138:
33:
21:
682:
681:
677:
676:
675:
673:
672:
671:
647:
646:
645:
644:
587:
585:
580:
572:
567:
559:
557:
549:
544:
536:
531:
523:
518:
510:
505:
497:
492:
483:
482:
477:
468:
467:
462:
449:
436:
435:
399:
398:
394:
379:10.2307/1542669
360:
359:
355:
350:
346:
339:
335:
330:Wayback Machine
321:
317:
312:
250:Pterobranchites
228:Eocephalodiscus
206:Cephalodiscidae
189:
112:Cephalodiscidae
99:
96:
95:
83:
71:
59:
24:Cephalodiscida
17:
12:
11:
5:
680:
678:
670:
669:
664:
659:
649:
648:
643:
642:
635:
628:
620:
617:
616:
599:
582:
581:
579:
578:
565:
555:
542:
529:
516:
503:
499:Cephalodiscida
490:
485:Cephalodiscida
475:
459:
457:
455:Cephalodiscida
451:
450:
445:
434:
433:
412:(3): 477–540.
392:
353:
344:
333:
314:
313:
311:
308:
307:
306:
305:
304:
303:
302:
280:
279:
278:
267:
256:
254:Kozlowski 1967
245:
239:Melanostrophus
234:
223:
188:
185:
161:Cephalodiscida
156:
155:
154:
153:
147:
145:Kozlowski 1949
141:
130:
129:
123:
122:
121:
120:
114:
106:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:Cephalodiscida
91:
89:
85:
84:
79:
77:
73:
72:
67:
65:
61:
60:
55:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
679:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
657:Pterobranchia
655:
654:
652:
641:
636:
634:
629:
627:
622:
621:
615:
613:
609:
605:
600:
597:
593:
588:
575:
570:
566:
562:
556:
552:
547:
543:
539:
534:
530:
526:
521:
517:
513:
508:
504:
500:
495:
491:
486:
480:
476:
471:
465:
461:
460:
458:
456:
452:
448:
443:
439:
429:
425:
420:
415:
411:
407:
403:
396:
393:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
357:
354:
348:
345:
342:
337:
334:
331:
327:
324:
319:
316:
309:
298:
297:
292:
291:
287:
286:
285:Rotaciurcidae
281:
276:M'Intosh 1882
274:
273:
272:Cephalodiscus
268:
263:
262:
257:
252:
251:
246:
241:
240:
235:
230:
229:
224:
219:
218:
213:
212:
208:
207:
202:
201:
197:
194:
193:
192:
186:
184:
182:
179:tubes on the
178:
174:
170:
169:hemichordates
166:
165:Pterobranchia
162:
148:
142:
137:
134:
133:
131:
128:
124:
119:
118:Rotaciurcidae
115:
113:
110:
109:
107:
102:
94:
90:
87:
86:
82:
81:Pterobranchia
78:
75:
74:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
54:
51:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
612:expanding it
604:hemichordate
601:
586:
454:
437:
409:
405:
395:
370:
366:
356:
347:
336:
318:
294:
282:
270:
259:
248:
237:
226:
217:Aellograptus
215:
203:
195:
190:
160:
159:
98:Fowler, 1892
92:
69:Hemichordata
38:
18:
479:Wikispecies
210:Harmer 1905
199:Fowler 1892
181:ocean floor
651:Categories
373:(1): 1–5.
310:References
296:Rotaciurca
136:Atubaridae
428:1214-1119
387:0006-3185
265:Sato 1936
221:Obut 1964
139:Sato 1936
104:Families
52:Kingdom:
470:Q5063285
464:Wikidata
326:Archived
283:Family †
261:Atubaria
187:Taxonomy
127:Synonyms
64:Phylum:
57:Animalia
341:Eol.org
293:Genus †
247:Genus †
236:Genus †
225:Genus †
214:Genus †
204:Family
177:secrete
173:sessile
88:Order:
76:Class:
558:NZOR:
525:158647
426:
385:
269:Genus
258:Genus
602:This
574:33530
551:33628
512:10259
507:IRMNG
608:stub
546:NCBI
520:ITIS
424:ISSN
383:ISSN
533:NBN
494:AFD
414:doi
375:doi
371:190
653::
571::
548::
535::
522::
509::
496::
481::
466::
422:.
410:89
408:.
404:.
381:.
369:.
365:.
183:.
639:e
632:t
625:v
614:.
430:.
416::
389:.
377::
116:†
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
