433:"This study reports a psychometric analysis of the CernySmithTM Adjustment Survey (CSA) developed for use with expatriate workers and family members. The CSA was designed to measure expatriate worker adjustment on 20 scales in 5 content domains (Organizational, Cultural, Relational, Resilience, and Foundational). The present study reports a revision of the CSA based on data from 1,133 employees of non-profit and business organizations in 130 host countries from 46 passport countries. The analyses were conducted in 3 phases. First, uni-dimensionality of each a priori content scale was established using Principle Components Analyses. Then, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients were calculated for each scale. Second, Principle Components Analyses were conducted to examine the discriminate validity of the scale items within each of the 5 domains. Finally, a second-order principle components analysis of the 15 scales scores identified 3 broad domains of adjustment identified as Work Management, Relationship Management, and Self-Management. The content and psychometric structure of the CSA are discussed in light of the three primary scales of expatriate employee adjustment identified by Black et al. (1991) and the four couple and spouse adjustment scales identified by Brown (2008). The authors suggest that the CSA has the potential of increasing the robustness of expatriate adjustment assessment (Hippler et al., 2014) with the addition of the resilience (well-being, past stresses, and focus) and personal foundation (spirituality, health, and habits) domains."
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The CSA provides a current stress-skills snapshot of adjustment during change and transition experiences. For overseas employees and/or family members, this assessment can be taken pre-field as a way to create baseline data that can be compared to any later CSA taken on-field/post-field. On-field and
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The CSA-Team (CSA-TR) is a 14-page report for teams and groups generated from 10 or more individualized reports. It can be used by companies, teams, and organizations to track company HR trends and progress. It provides data for analyzing group characteristics, tracking the impact of organizational
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The CSA is online and is designed for people 14 years and older. The testing is self-managed, automated, and takes about 15 minutes to complete. After completion, the results are immediately generated for download in a personalized report. The self-discovery and coaching reports use nonjudgmental
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post-field assessments can be used for skill development tracking and re-entry assessing. It can be used once to assess adjustment, periodically (quarterly, annually), or whenever desired. It can also be used in debriefing settings including personal stresses, family stresses, and team stresses.
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conducted a 2014 analysis of CSA data. Following is the abstract from their yet unpublished research article titled
Development of CSA Expatriate Adjustment Measures. The manuscript is in the submission process for peer review and publication. The abstract reads:
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In 1995, psychologist
Leonard Cerny II saw the need to assess the stress and well-being of international teams in regards to their intercultural adjustment and attrition problems. Consulting with psychologist Kelly O'Donnell, Cerny developed a pilot 100 item
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The CSA-Feedback is a 10-page report that provides personalized analysis of results for self-discovery and/or coaching by a certified CSA coach (mentor or counselor). The CSA-Feedback Report, when combined with performance based
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In 2000, Cerny and David Smith submitted the assessment to international norming research and renamed it the CernySmith
Adjustment Index (CSAI). The revised assessment later became known as the CernySmith Assessment (CSA).
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participated in the validation of the assessment. The average age was 42 with the range encompassing ages 13 through 77. Collectively, participants lived and worked in 130 different countries representing 46 different
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assessment for personal growth, coaching, mentoring, and counseling helps answer three basic questions: 1) How am I doing? 2) What can I learn from how I am doing? and 3) What can I do about it?
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the items and then developed four sector-oriented 100 item assessment versions of the CSAI: Business/Corporate (BC), Civil/Government (CG), Humanitarian/Relief (HR), and
Military (M).
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language and provide a balanced perspective of both strengths and challenges. The CSA includes strategies and tips on how to enhance transitions and adjustments.
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The CSA measures stress on 15 scales within 5 broad areas of adjustment: Organizational, Cultural, Relational, Resilience, and
Foundational.
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adjustment researching the impact of balanced family communication styles on the intercultural adjustment of employee families from a major
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provided additional validity support for the CSA in her 2009 research focused on the cultural transitions and the adjustment to college of
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and humanitarian coaching community. For the next 5 years, improvements were made on the basis of coaching and clinical observations.
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Cross-cultural
Adjustment Process of Expatriate Families in a Multinational Organization: A Family System Theory Perspective
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Starting in 2000 Cerny and Smith researched and normed the CHOPS 100 with major changes in item content and wording. They
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can identify strengths and challenges and recommend practical steps in order to maximize performance and manage stress.
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as it relates to the adjustment and well-being of people in their own culture or living and working cross-culturally.
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developed by
Leonard J. Cerny II and David S. Smith that inquires about the impact of change and stress on
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Development of the CernySmith
Assessment (CSA) as an Integrative Cross-Cultural Adjustment Assessment
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359:(SCL-90). The pilot questionnaire was called the CHOPS 100 and was made available to the
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and 10 subjective write-in questions that measure and describe the impact of change and
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The CSAI: An
Expatriate On-field Adjustment Index to Measure Intercultural Intelligence
639:. In International Coach Federation (ICF) Orange County Chapter. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
507:. In International Coach Federation (ICF) Orange County Chapter. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
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CSA Reports come in three versions: The CSA-Brief, the CSA-Feedback, and the CSA-Team.
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The CSAI: Research and
Development of an Intercultural Expatriate Coaching Assessment
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Global Church Planting: Biblical Principles and Best Practices for Multiplication
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592:. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 28(1). Retrieved April 26, 2012.
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Cerny, L., Smith, D., Ritschard, H., & Dodd, C. (2007, October 31).
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Cerny, L., Smith, D., Ritschard, H., & Dodd, C. (2007, March 29).
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Gaining a Deeper Understanding of Cross-Cultural Adjustment Stresses
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Cultural Transitions During Childhood and Adjustment to College
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Cerny, L., Smith, D., Ritschard, H., & Dodd, C. (2008).
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From February 2003 to August 2004, a total of 1,133
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120:The assessment is available in 6 versions.
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157:For Military Personnel and their families
137:For Business employees and their families
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202:policies, and assessing training needs.
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529:Ott, Craig; Wilson, Gene (2010-12-01).
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402:students. In 2010 Kathryn Rosenbush of
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186:The CSA-Brief is a concise 6 page,
227:Organizational Relationship (.83)
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129:For Everyone and their families
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697:Psychological tests and scales
633:Stevenson, G. (2008, August).
581:References and further reading
501:Stevenson, G. (2008, August).
287:Extended Family/Friends (.65)
277:Effective Relationships (.78)
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232:Organizational Support (.76)
169:employees and their families
443:Holmes and Rahe stress scale
427:Abilene Christian University
404:George Washington University
206:CSA Domains and Scales with
78:) is a comprehensive online
666:. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
657:. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
648:. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
636:August 2008 ICF-OC Insights
504:August 2008 ICF-OC Insights
448:Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
221:Organizational Domain (.85)
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453:Keirsey Temperament Sorter
412:multi-national corporation
630:Retrieved April 26, 2012.
622:Retrieved April 26, 2012.
458:Strong Interest Inventory
318:Foundational Domain (.83)
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282:Family Adjustment (.78)
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596:Rosenbusch, K. (2010).
293:Resilience Domain (.83)
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162:CSA-Non-Profit (CSA-N)
126:CSA-Standard (CSA-SD)
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190:and coaching report.
154:CSA-Military (CSA-M)
142:CSA-Diplomat (CSA-D)
134:CSA-Business (CSA-B)
72:CernySmith Assessment
692:Psychological stress
357:Symptom Checklist 90
307:Past Stresses (.69)
174:CSA-Student (CSA-S)
16:Online questionnaire
586:Hervey, E. (2009).
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257:Transitions (.67)
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41:Please help
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391:countries.
384:expatriates
346:Development
263:Situational
97:Description
686:Categories
677:CernySmith
377:randomized
361:missionary
300:Well-being
250:Adaptation
51:Wikisource
609:April 26,
147:Diplomats
103:questions
47:Wikiquote
34:contains
437:See also
418:(2012).
389:passport
371:Research
196:coaching
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463:FIRO-B
353:Likert
327:(.85)
302:(.75)
252:(.76)
107:stress
603:(PDF)
474:Notes
89:This
611:2012
537:ISBN
165:For
145:For
70:The
167:NGO
76:CSA
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