282:, which helps to uncover whether the appropriate electrical signals are being sent to each muscle from the correlate nerves. This aids in localizing a problem's source. There are risks to be considered with any diagnostic testing. For example, in the case of CT imaging, there is obvious benefit over x-ray in that a more thorough picture of the anatomy is exposed, but there is a trade-off in that CT has around a 10-fold increased radiation exposure; alternatively, while MRI provides highly detailed imaging of the anatomy with the benefit of no radiation exposure to the patient, the high cost of this test must be taken into account.
29:
80:. All of these structures have nerve endings that can detect painful problems when they occur. Such nerves supply muscular control and sensations to the skull and arms while correspondingly providing our bodies with flexibility and motion. However, if the cervical spine is injured it can cause many minor or traumatic problems, and although these injuries vary specifically they are more commonly known as "cervical spine disorders" as a whole.
2363:
2393:
2403:
2383:
2373:
128:
244:
Because of such symptoms, people often mistake cervical spine disorder indicators for coronary artery disease, and although individuals of any age can develop spine threatening injuries, the people that are affected by it the most are the elderly. This is because as one ages spinal discs that absorb
96:
pains which signs of cervical spine disorders are shown. In 1937 a man named Oille was the first to state that these chest pains originated from the cervical nerve root. This new outlook helped shed light on exactly what signs indicated the beginning of these ailments for those with cervical spine
251:
Patients younger than eight years old with cervical spinal cord casualties have an increased chance of dying while those older than eight years have similar effects as adults. They are usually immobilized from the shoulder up until consciousness is regained and symptoms are
261:
The diagnosis process might include a physician who tests that the movement, strength, and sensation of the arms and legs are normal. The spine is examined for its range of motion and any pain that may arise from movement. Blood work might be utilized in addition to
302:
will suffice in reducing pain and pressure, but those with more severe symptoms are told to undergo unique therapies based on their exact situation. These patients most likely will have their postures and spine alignment fixed, and/or treatments like
745:
145:
Headaches are further triggered through the stiffness of neck muscles, which pull at their attachment to the skull. These headaches are recurrent in nature and start from the base of the skull and emanate upwards; they can be painful or
114:
An individual becomes weak due to the compression of nerves encompassing cervical spine disorders, thus resulting in the inability to move or use arms. Those with such symptoms should seek medical treatment as soon as
444:
785:
162:
Hardships arise with cervical spinal injuries when issues with walking, balancing, and posture are affected all due to the spinal cord being compressed resulting in
278:, can allow visualization of more detailed anatomical structures, including that of the associated nerves and muscles. The most detailed and specific testing is
208:
This disorder may result from rheumatoid arthritis, causing the hypermobility of the connection between the neck and head, resulting in paralysis or pain.
1892:
441:
2233:
108:
Numbness occurs when one develops a "pinched" nerve not allowing for the flow of electrical charges, which may result in the death of the nerve fiber.
183:
There are several conditions and syndromes that can affect the cervical spine and they all vary due to the difference in place and type of injury.
152:
Muscular spasms within the arm are further common symptoms in which such spasms are seen right above the collarbones and pressure is placed on the
1832:
653:
778:
2132:
139:
Pains in the neck area tend to be tenacious and persistent and most muscles in the cervical spinal region tighten causing for discomfort.
2427:
2268:
1610:
462:"Relationships Among Selected Measures of Impairment, Functional Limitation, and Disability in Patients With Cervical Spine Disorders"
771:
304:
2386:
2258:
1692:
2238:
806:
57:. This fragment of the spine starts from the region above the shoulder blades and ends by supporting and connecting the
1882:
383:
Nakajima, H; Uchida, K; Kobayashi, S; Kokubo, Y; Yayama, T; Sato, R; Inukai, T; Godfrey, T; Baba, H (6 December 2005).
320:
442:
http://wwwp.medtronic.com/Newsroom/LinkedItemDetails.do?itemId=1169645895363&itemType=backgrounder&lang=en_IN
245:
any type of shock wear out increasing elders' chances of developing degenerative alterations in their cervical spine.
1862:
1507:
275:
28:
2291:
1467:
271:
512:
Neo, Masashi (15 April 2008). "Treatment of upper cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis patients".
2083:
2005:
2000:
1920:
1680:
1475:
124:
If not treated right away, there are many consequences and pains various cervical spine disorders can cause.
97:
disorders. It is now recognized that these patients feel pain, numbness, discomfort, and weakness along with
2063:
2037:
214:
362:
1655:
1603:
1401:
1306:
1158:
2306:
2192:
2165:
2138:
2090:
2044:
1739:
1208:
632:
583:
537:
491:
414:
650:
2326:
2286:
2153:
1967:
1962:
1942:
1877:
1729:
1437:
1173:
191:
2406:
2348:
2331:
1990:
1707:
1186:
955:
749:
2392:
2296:
2253:
2243:
2032:
1985:
1952:
1947:
1697:
1675:
1378:
1249:
1011:
1002:
988:
46:
558:
Dormans, John P. (January 2002). "Evaluation of
Children with Suspected Cervical Spine Injury".
270:, can reveal degenerative changes of the spine, while more advanced imaging techniques, such as
2366:
2248:
2218:
2197:
2160:
2143:
2058:
2022:
2012:
1907:
1827:
1771:
1734:
1719:
1660:
1627:
1596:
1577:
1567:
1279:
1257:
1098:
895:
704:
624:
575:
529:
483:
406:
299:
295:
603:"Blunt cervical spine trauma as a cause of spinal cord injury and delayed cortical blindness"
2068:
2053:
1930:
1805:
1761:
1544:
1051:
1034:
915:
865:
860:
722:
694:
686:
614:
567:
521:
473:
396:
279:
2396:
2341:
2202:
2187:
2170:
2110:
2105:
2049:
2027:
1724:
1670:
1650:
1552:
1500:
1452:
1383:
1373:
970:
798:
657:
448:
153:
89:
2228:
2182:
1995:
1925:
1744:
1429:
1319:
1163:
1141:
1114:
960:
815:
699:
674:
2421:
2311:
2100:
2095:
1957:
1897:
1800:
1572:
1412:
1237:
1225:
1212:
1196:
950:
885:
571:
601:
McCormick, M T; Robinson, H K; Bone, I; McLean, A N; Allan, D B (28 November 2006).
266:
in order to identify spinal cord diseases. Basic imaging techniques, which includes
2376:
2316:
2301:
2127:
1852:
1702:
1687:
1633:
1557:
880:
828:
385:"Cervical angina: a seemingly still neglected symptom of cervical spine disorder?"
2175:
2120:
2017:
1872:
1847:
1665:
1485:
1334:
1314:
1129:
1124:
1064:
636:
587:
541:
495:
418:
263:
218:
54:
2263:
194:
in their cervical spine are known to have neurological deficits. It results in
2148:
2115:
1887:
1837:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1795:
1785:
1393:
1262:
1232:
1181:
1086:
794:
690:
525:
199:
171:
163:
50:
2336:
2078:
2073:
1937:
1915:
1790:
1754:
1356:
1151:
932:
325:
98:
64:
The cervical spine contains many different anatomic compositions, including
763:
708:
628:
579:
533:
487:
478:
461:
410:
619:
602:
401:
384:
1842:
1619:
1532:
1495:
1490:
1417:
1289:
870:
855:
833:
308:
73:
737:
2321:
1781:
1749:
1642:
1562:
1480:
1457:
1361:
1351:
1346:
1284:
1267:
1220:
925:
875:
850:
307:
may be used to help in reducing pain and aid in flexibility. Medicine,
291:
195:
93:
1517:
1512:
1447:
1442:
1388:
1324:
1272:
1191:
1081:
1069:
1024:
983:
978:
920:
845:
65:
651:
http://neurosurgery.ucsf.edu/index.php/spine_disorders_cervical.html
127:
1527:
1522:
1407:
1134:
1041:
942:
900:
890:
839:
267:
126:
77:
58:
1294:
1029:
905:
823:
69:
1592:
767:
1329:
1146:
910:
311:
and surgeries are also implemented to treat such a disorder.
88:
It is through upper frontal chest discomfort (also known as
1588:
560:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
440:
Cervical spine disorder. "Medtronic". Retrieved from
727:
217:
is a type of cervical spine disorder that can cause
2279:
2217:
1978:
1906:
1861:
1770:
1641:
1626:
1543:
1466:
1428:
1305:
1248:
1207:
1172:
1113:
1050:
1010:
1001:
969:
941:
814:
805:
731:
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
169:
Those with extremely severe outcomes may result in:
21:
460:Hermann, Karl M; Reese, C Shane (1 March 2001).
553:
551:
507:
505:
378:
376:
1604:
779:
649:Degenerative spine disorders. Retrieved from
8:
290:If one's symptoms are mild, treatments like
49:, which is made up of the upper first seven
679:Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
436:
434:
432:
430:
428:
1893:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
1638:
1611:
1597:
1589:
1007:
811:
786:
772:
764:
728:
27:
18:
2234:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
698:
675:"Cervical spine: degenerative conditions"
618:
477:
400:
363:"Neck Pain and Cervical Spine Disorders"
337:
673:Todd, Andrew G. (20 September 2011).
7:
2372:
2133:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
156:causing arms to feel heavy and ache.
2382:
2269:Medical Scientist Training Program
14:
2401:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2362:
2361:
572:10.2106/00004623-200201000-00018
276:magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
2402:
367:Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology
2259:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1693:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
45:are illnesses that affect the
1:
53:, encasing and shielding the
2239:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
2006:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
321:Clearing the cervical spine
2444:
206:Occipito-cervical junction
2428:Musculoskeletal disorders
2357:
691:10.1007/s12178-011-9099-2
526:10.1007/s10165-008-0059-7
35:
26:
2193:Transplantation medicine
2084:Clinical neurophysiology
2001:Obstetric anesthesiology
1921:Interventional radiology
1681:Digestive system surgery
272:computed tomography (CT)
43:Cervical spine disorders
2064:Intensive care medicine
2038:Mass gathering medicine
1883:Maternal–fetal medicine
225:Subaxial cervical spine
215:Cerebrovascular disease
212:Cerebrovascular disease
22:Cervical spine disorder
1656:Cardiothoracic surgery
1238:Lymphoid immune system
807:Musculoskeletal system
305:electrical stimulation
132:
2307:Personalized medicine
2166:Reproductive medicine
2091:Occupational medicine
2045:Evolutionary medicine
1226:Myeloid immune system
1012:Cardiovascular system
620:10.1038/sj.sc.3101995
402:10.1038/sj.sc.3101888
130:
2327:Traditional medicine
2287:Alternative medicine
2154:Addiction psychiatry
1968:Transfusion medicine
1963:Medical microbiology
1878:Gynecologic oncology
1730:Reproductive surgery
1578:Islets of Langerhans
1438:Genitourinary system
1174:Integumentary system
479:10.1093/ptj/81.3.903
264:radiographic imaging
192:rheumatoid arthritis
190:Those affected with
188:Rheumatoid arthritis
2349:History of medicine
2332:Veterinary medicine
2139:Preventive medicine
1991:Adolescent medicine
1833:Infectious diseases
1468:Reproductive system
1187:Subcutaneous tissue
956:Cartilaginous joint
514:Modern Rheumatology
309:epidural injections
230:Atlanto-axial joint
36:Cervical vertebrate
2297:Molecular oncology
2254:Doctor of Medicine
2244:Master of Medicine
2161:Radiation oncology
2033:Emergency medicine
1986:Addiction medicine
1953:Clinical chemistry
1948:Clinical pathology
1740:Transplant surgery
1698:Orthopedic surgery
1676:Colorectal surgery
1250:Respiratory system
1003:Circulatory system
656:2014-06-05 at the
447:2016-03-04 at the
160:Difficulty walking
133:
2415:
2414:
2249:Master of Surgery
2213:
2212:
2198:Tropical medicine
2144:Prison healthcare
2059:Hospital medicine
2023:Disaster medicine
2013:Aviation medicine
1828:Hospital medicine
1735:Surgical oncology
1720:Pediatric surgery
1714:
1661:Endocrine surgery
1586:
1585:
1109:
1108:
1099:Glymphatic system
997:
996:
761:
760:
300:Stress management
280:electrodiagnostic
40:
39:
16:Medical condition
2435:
2405:
2404:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2069:Medical genetics
2054:General practice
1931:Nuclear medicine
1806:Gastroenterology
1762:Vascular surgery
1712:
1639:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1545:Endocrine system
1307:Digestive system
1052:Lymphatic system
1035:Lymphatic vessel
1008:
812:
788:
781:
774:
765:
729:
723:Neck Pain Relief
712:
702:
660:
647:
641:
640:
622:
598:
592:
591:
555:
546:
545:
509:
500:
499:
481:
466:Physical Therapy
457:
451:
438:
423:
422:
404:
380:
371:
370:
359:
31:
19:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2353:
2342:Chief physician
2275:
2220:
2209:
2203:Travel medicine
2188:Sports medicine
2171:Sexual medicine
2111:Palliative care
2106:Pain management
2050:Family medicine
2028:Diving medicine
1974:
1902:
1864:
1857:
1773:
1766:
1725:Plastic surgery
1671:General surgery
1651:Cardiac surgery
1632:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1587:
1582:
1539:
1501:Seminal vesicle
1462:
1424:
1374:Small intestine
1301:
1244:
1203:
1168:
1105:
1046:
993:
971:Muscular system
965:
937:
816:Skeletal system
801:
792:
762:
757:
756:
740:
719:
672:
669:
667:Further reading
664:
663:
658:Wayback Machine
648:
644:
613:(10): 687–689.
600:
599:
595:
557:
556:
549:
511:
510:
503:
459:
458:
454:
449:Wayback Machine
439:
426:
382:
381:
374:
361:
360:
339:
334:
317:
288:
259:
238:
181:
154:Brachial plexus
131:Brachial plexus
122:
90:cervical angina
86:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2280:Related topics
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2229:Medical school
2225:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:Sleep medicine
2180:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1996:Anesthesiology
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1926:Neuroradiology
1923:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:Obstetrics and
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1745:Trauma surgery
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1708:Otolaryngology
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1634:subspecialties
1624:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1430:Urinary system
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1352:Laryngopharynx
1349:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Salivary gland
1311:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1217:
1215:
1213:immune systems
1209:Haematopoietic
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1159:Somatic system
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1142:Sensory system
1139:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1117:
1115:Nervous system
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1094:CNS equivalent
1091:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1016:
1014:
1005:
999:
998:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
967:
966:
964:
963:
961:Synovial joint
958:
953:
947:
945:
939:
938:
936:
935:
930:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
837:
831:
820:
818:
809:
803:
802:
793:
791:
790:
783:
776:
768:
759:
758:
755:
754:
741:
736:
735:
733:
732:Classification
726:
725:
718:
717:External links
715:
714:
713:
685:(4): 168–174.
668:
665:
662:
661:
642:
593:
566:(1): 124–132.
547:
520:(4): 327–335.
501:
472:(3): 903–912.
452:
424:
395:(8): 509–513.
372:
336:
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
323:
316:
313:
287:
284:
258:
255:
254:
253:
246:
237:
234:
233:
232:
227:
222:
209:
203:
180:
177:
176:
175:
167:
157:
147:
140:
121:
118:
117:
116:
109:
85:
82:
47:cervical spine
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2440:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2408:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2378:
2370:
2368:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:Public health
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:Allied health
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Oral medicine
2099:
2097:
2096:Ophthalmology
2094:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Cytopathology
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1898:Urogynecology
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:Endocrinology
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:Biliary tract
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1197:Mammary gland
1195:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1000:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
972:
968:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
951:Fibrous joint
949:
948:
946:
944:
940:
934:
931:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
822:
821:
819:
817:
813:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:Human systems
789:
784:
782:
777:
775:
770:
769:
766:
752:
751:
747:
743:
742:
739:
734:
730:
724:
721:
720:
716:
710:
706:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
670:
666:
659:
655:
652:
646:
643:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
597:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
552:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
508:
506:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
456:
453:
450:
446:
443:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
379:
377:
373:
368:
364:
358:
356:
354:
352:
350:
348:
346:
344:
342:
338:
331:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
314:
312:
310:
306:
301:
297:
293:
285:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:x-ray imaging
265:
256:
250:
247:
243:
240:
239:
235:
231:
228:
226:
223:
220:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
185:
184:
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
129:
125:
120:Complications
119:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
102:
100:
95:
91:
83:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2317:Rural health
2302:Nanomedicine
1853:Rheumatology
1784: /
1703:Hand surgery
1688:Neurosurgery
1400:
1368:
1341:
1093:
1076:
1059:
1019:
744:
682:
678:
645:
610:
606:
596:
563:
559:
517:
513:
469:
465:
455:
392:
388:
366:
289:
260:
248:
241:
229:
224:
211:
205:
187:
182:
170:
159:
149:
142:
136:
123:
111:
105:
99:neurological
87:
63:
42:
41:
2387:Wikiproject
2176:Venereology
2121:Neonatology
2018:Dermatology
1873:Gynaecology
1865:gynaecology
1848:Pulmonology
1666:Eye surgery
1628:Specialties
1568:Parathyroid
1268:Nasopharynx
1130:Spinal cord
1065:Bone marrow
834:Collar bone
607:Spinal Cord
389:Spinal Cord
242:The elderly
236:Age factors
219:tetraplegia
55:spinal cord
2149:Psychiatry
2135:(PM&R)
2128:Phlebology
2116:Pediatrics
1943:Anatomical
1908:Diagnostic
1888:Obstetrics
1838:Nephrology
1823:Hematology
1818:Geriatrics
1811:Hepatology
1796:Cardiology
1786:Immunology
1347:Oropharynx
1087:Lymph node
1020:peripheral
866:Metatarsus
861:Metacarpus
840:Thigh bone
836:(clavicle)
332:References
286:Treatments
200:myelopathy
172:Impairment
164:Myelopathy
137:Neck pains
101:symptoms.
2337:Physician
2221:education
2079:Neurology
2074:Narcology
1938:Pathology
1916:Radiology
1791:Angiology
1755:Andrology
1553:Pituitary
1402:accessory
1357:Esophagus
1077:secondary
989:Diaphragm
933:Cartilage
881:Phalanges
637:229343756
588:205129467
542:232743067
496:223115626
419:229343382
326:Scoliosis
257:Diagnosis
249:The young
198:pain and
196:occipital
150:Arm pains
143:Headaches
115:possible.
74:ligaments
51:vertebrae
2422:Category
2367:Category
1843:Oncology
1774:medicine
1772:Internal
1620:Medicine
1533:Placenta
1496:Testicle
1491:Prostate
1418:Pancreas
1379:Appendix
1369:lower GI
1342:upper GI
1290:Bronchus
1233:Lymphoid
916:Vertebra
871:Ossicles
856:Mandible
709:22021015
654:Archived
633:ProQuest
629:17130891
584:ProQuest
580:11792790
538:ProQuest
534:18414784
492:ProQuest
488:11268155
445:Archived
415:ProQuest
411:16331305
315:See also
296:Exercise
112:Weakness
106:Numbness
94:scapular
84:Symptoms
2407:Outline
2377:Commons
2322:Therapy
2219:Medical
1782:Allergy
1750:Urology
1643:Surgery
1573:Adrenal
1563:Thyroid
1481:Scrotum
1458:Urethra
1453:Bladder
1362:Stomach
1285:Trachea
1221:Myeloid
1060:primary
926:Sternum
876:Patella
851:Humerus
842:(femur)
700:3261239
292:Massage
66:muscles
2397:Portal
2264:MD–PhD
1558:Pineal
1518:Vagina
1513:Uterus
1508:Female
1448:Ureter
1443:Kidney
1389:Rectum
1325:Tongue
1273:Larynx
1192:Breast
1164:Tissue
1082:Spleen
1070:Thymus
1025:Artery
984:Tendon
979:Muscle
943:Joints
921:Pelvis
896:Tarsus
886:Radius
846:Fibula
829:Carpus
799:organs
707:
697:
635:
627:
586:
578:
540:
532:
494:
486:
417:
409:
298:, and
92:) and
78:joints
76:, and
1979:Other
1528:Ovary
1523:Vulva
1486:Penis
1408:Liver
1384:Colon
1335:Tooth
1315:Mouth
1280:Lower
1258:Upper
1135:Nerve
1125:Brain
1042:Heart
901:Tibia
891:Skull
753:: 805
252:gone.
179:Cause
146:mild.
70:bones
59:skull
1476:Male
1394:Anus
1295:Lung
1263:Nose
1211:and
1182:Skin
1030:Vein
906:Ulna
824:Bone
797:and
750:9-CM
705:PMID
625:PMID
576:PMID
530:PMID
484:PMID
407:PMID
274:and
1713:ENT
1631:and
1330:Lip
1152:Eye
1147:Ear
911:Rib
746:ICD
695:PMC
687:doi
615:doi
568:doi
522:doi
474:doi
397:doi
2424::
2052:/
703:.
693:.
681:.
677:.
631:.
623:.
611:45
609:.
605:.
582:.
574:.
564:84
562:.
550:^
536:.
528:.
518:18
516:.
504:^
490:.
482:.
470:81
468:.
464:.
427:^
413:.
405:.
393:44
391:.
387:.
375:^
365:.
340:^
294:,
72:,
68:,
61:.
1612:e
1605:t
1598:v
787:e
780:t
773:v
748:-
738:D
711:.
689::
683:4
639:.
617::
590:.
570::
544:.
524::
498:.
476::
421:.
399::
369:.
221:.
202:.
166:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.