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758:. Pleasonton initially was deceived by the blue uniforms the Confederates were wearing after having acquired them during the raid. Pleasonton ordered his men to fire when the Confederates charged from a short distance away. Then he withdrew his men to engage in a long range rifle fire exchange with Stuart's sharpshooters and cannon. Pleasonton was not at full strength, since he had sent many of his men toward a ford near the mouth of the Monocacy River in a mistaken guess about where Stuart was headed. Here the Union cavalry encountered Union infantry and both paused in order to insure that the other party was not a Confederate force in Union uniforms.
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55:
683:. They captured a Union courier about 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Emmitsburg with information which disclosed some of the Union cavalry movements, allowing Stuart to change his route again to avoid Union troops at Frederick, but also assuring him that his location was not definitely known. Confederate troopers who had lived in the vicinity guided Stuart on back roads to avoid being observed by Union scouts. Stuart's longer return route to the east and south allowed him to avoid any troops that might be waiting for his return along his original, more hilly, route, and enabled him to again completely circle McClellan's army.
135:
840:, when McClellan expected them on October 10, gave McClellan further reasons to postpone the movement of his army. In view of his conclusion about the fatigue of his horses from heavy patrolling and the chase of Stuart's force, on October 21, McClellan, who still was encamped in Maryland, sent Halleck a message asking for more horses. President Lincoln responded to McClellan in a telegram asking: "Will you pardon me for asking what the horses of your army have done since the Battle of Antietam that fatigue anything?" McClellan did not send his army toward
514:, the bloodiest single day of battle in the Civil War. Although his force was badly depleted and outnumbered after the heavy fighting, Lee kept his army at the field during the next day, but moved across the Potomac to Virginia that night. At Antietam, the Union Army recovered from the defeat at Second Manassas and put an abrupt end to Lee's Maryland Campaign. Nonetheless, McClellan lost the opportunity to destroy the Confederate army and allowed Lee to escape, reorganize and make up his losses.
594:, on the morning of October 10, but the small force could do no more than send the information back to Union headquarters as it was scattered out of its position by an advance detail of Stuart's men. At this point, Stuart was only 8 miles (13 km) from the Maryland-Pennsylvania state line. Stuart also learned that he had narrowly missed being intercepted by six regiments of infantry under the command of Major General
934:"To keep your movement secret, it will be necessary for you to arrest >11 citizens that may give information to the enemy, and should you meet with citizens of Pennsylvania holding State or Government offices, ! it will be desirable, if convenient, to bring them with you, that they may ! be used as hostages, or the means of exchanges, for our own citizens I that have been carried off by the enemy."
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re-enslave (or enslave inre free black residents) them were not uncommon during incursions into Union held territory. The prior month when
Jackson captured Harpers Ferry, he paroled its white garrison, but prevented the large black refugee population from crossing the Potomac to freedom and sending perhaps as many as one thousand blacks were taken south into bondage.
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several miles of railroad line, although they failed to destroy the
Conococheague Creek railroad bridge. Stuart's force also captured at least 8 local free blacks and took them back into the South to be enslaved. The value of the destroyed property was estimated at about quarter of a million dollars at the time.
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As many as thirty civilians were brought back and interened as hostages in Libby Prison, in addition to the black men seized in
Chambersburg, it appears that "several colored men were taken captive and carried to Richmond." Due to bands of contrabands congregated around Union camps, Rebel attempts to
814:
The raid also provided Lee with information about McClellan's dispositions and intentions. Stuart received near universal acclaim in the South, including Robert E. Lee's conclusion that the raid was "eminently successful" and his praise for Stuart's "boldness, judgment and prowess." Brigadier
General
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back in charge of the entire Union Army in the
Washington, D.C. area by adding Pope's men to his command of the Army of the Potomac. Although Lincoln was disgusted by McClellan's delays and constant calls for more men and arms earlier in the year, he recognized the need for McClellan's organizational
765:
Pelham's artillery came up and kept the Union forces, including
Pleasonton's men, back while Stuart's men crossed the Potomac with their 1,200 captured horses, supplies and 30 civilian hostages. It was a close call for Stuart's rear section which had been deployed to protect the column and needed to
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with several thousand men. On the 11 miles (18 km) of the
Potomac River from the mouth of the Monocacy River to Edwards Ferry, which is near Poolesville, at least four crossings were available. Stuart followed the recommendation of Captain White, who was from the local area, to avoid Stoneman's
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says that the
Confederate patrol under Captain Thomas Whitehead sent to destroy the bridge in the pouring rain actually never reached the bridge. Relying on a false response from local citizens who told the raiders that the bridge was made of iron, they turned back. Historian Edward G. Longacre also
526:
On
October 6, the same day Halleck ordered McClellan to move, Lee asked Major General J.E.B. Stuart, to make a raid toward Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Lee wanted Stuart to destroy the important railroad bridge over the Conococheague Creek, bring back horses and capture government officials who might
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four months earlier. He had traveled 126 miles (203 km). The
Confederates progressed over the final 80 miles (130 km) in 36 hours without a stop. Stuart had two men missing and a few wounded upon his return to Virginia. About 60 broken down Confederate horses were left behind. Stuart also
761:
Meanwhile, Confederate Brigadier General W.H.F. Lee demanded the surrender of about 200 Union infantry blocking the way to the ford because, as he wrote to them, the Confederates were present in overwhelming force. This and some cannon and rifle fire bluffed and forced the Union soldiers to abandon
501:
on September 14. A Frederick, Maryland citizen, who was at McClellan's camp, although he was a Southern sympathizer, saw McClellan's reaction on that morning and warned Lee of the Union's intelligence coup. Lee saw the danger from McClellan's acquisition of this information and from the Union troop
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Stuart achieved his objectives of securing fresh horses, mules, arms and supplies; capturing about 30 civilian officials to exchange for captured Confederates; destroying important railroad equipment, buildings and track in the vicinity of Chambersburg; capturing and paroling about 280 convalescing
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delayed for eight hours and then headed due north, leaving him many miles from Chambersburg and Stuart's force and giving Averell no chance of catching Stuart. Longacre, 2000, p. 109. However, Pleasonton wore out his men and horses in fruitless chasing of Stuart. When his advance units encountered
879:
The Army of Virginia had been created on June 26, 1862 by troops from Mountain Department of western Virginia, the Department of the Shenandoah and the Department of the Rappahannock. Units from the Army of the Potomac reinforced the Army of Virginia before the Second Battle of Bull Run. McClellan
652:
After he heard of Stuart's movement, Major General Halleck ordered Major General McClellan to close all roads back to Virginia and to be sure none of the Confederates could return. McClellan sent out his cavalry and sent infantry to guard the river crossings, assuring Halleck that Stuart would not
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just before the Confederates cut the telegraph wires. After Stuart demanded and received surrender of the town, he appointed Wade Hampton as its "military governor." Stuart and his staff took time to sign the register at the Franklin Hotel. Stuart's men took as many arms, ammunition, and military
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The small Union force detailed to White's Ford, where Lee had crossed into Maryland in September, proved to be a weak link in McClellan's dispositions. Although Union reinforcements arrived just after the last of Stuart's men crossed the Potomac, Pleasonton did not believe it would be useful to
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Stuart had secured the parole of 280 soldiers, captured about 1,200 horses, 30 public officials, a variety of arms and ammunition, intelligence about the Union Army and turned aside Pleasonton's force while embarrassing McClellan. His men had destroyed the railroad depot, shops, warehouses and
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Stuart ordered his men to take any horses they could carry off but not to pillage personal property or to take plunder for private use. Pennsylvanians, Hugh and Alexander Logan, guided the Confederate force after they crossed into Pennsylvania. The Confederates seized shoes and clothing at
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by a Confederate detachment from Lee's army. Also, McClellan's response was both slow and erratic, leaving little time or opportunity for his men to catch up with Stuart. Ultimately Stuart evaded or outran all of the forces McClellan sent after him or to guard the river crossings.
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until October 25. It took nine days to get the men and equipment entirely across the river. Stuart's cavalry fought a series of inconclusive cavalry skirmishes with various Union Army units in Loudoun County, Virginia, between October 31 β November 2, in what is now known as The
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which gave the disposition and objectives of his army's detachments and their instructions for joining back together. With this information, although he waited from late morning until late night to act, McClellan moved the Union Army toward Lee's location. This led to the
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and began to shift troops into Maryland. Otherwise, he acted without haste or energy. He was hesitant not just because that was his usual tendency but in part because he believed that Lee had about three times the number of men that he had actually brought into Maryland.
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Lee saw the Union Army defeat at Second Bull Run and its withdrawal from Chantilly into Washington as an opportunity to secure supplies and recruits in Maryland and possibly in Pennsylvania and to secure a victory that might bring foreign government recognition of the
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The Illinois cavalry patrol correctly reported Stuart's direction toward Mercersburg, Pennsylvania although they overestimated his men to be about 2,500 in number and that he had 8 cannons with him rather than the 4 cannons he actually had. Longacre, 2002, pp.
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McClellan responded to his failure to keep his assurance to Halleck that he would capture or destroy Stuart's force with a variety of excuses, including the poor condition of his cavalry's horses, and by having his cavalry undertake a reconnaissance towards
802:
Stuart's Chambersburg raid provided a boost to Confederate morale and corresponding depression of Union morale, especially among the cavalry, and embarrassment to McClellan and Lincoln administration so soon after the Battle of Antietam. Sergeant Major
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whose family sympathized with the Confederates and whom he had met during the Antietam campaign. He stayed about half an hour and returned to the column at about 7:00 a.m. The troopers rode all night, cutting telegraph wires and obstructing the
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President Lincoln was disturbed that McClellan did not follow up on his gains of the previous day or immediately pursue Lee's army. On October 6, Halleck, on behalf of the President, ordered McClellan to pursue Lee, but McClellan continued to delay.
938:"As a measure of justice to our many good citizens who, without crime, have been taken from their homes and kept by the enemy in prison, all public functionaries, such as magistrates, postmasters, sheriffs, &c., will be seized as prisoners."
434:, ordered Pope to attack Lee. Lee had not ordered an immediate pursuit of Pope's army because the Confederates were exhausted from three weeks of marching and the battle and were low on ammunition and supplies. On the next day, Lee ordered
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their strong position. The Union troops did not flee completely but lingered in the vicinity awaiting possible reinforcements, who as it turned out were busy identifying each other. The ford now was open for the Confederates to cross.
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on their way back to Virginia. The rain from the previous day left the ground wet and the 5-mile (8-kilometer) long column raised no dust from which they might be detected. They rode within 8 miles (13 km) of the small town of
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four-gun battery of light horse artillery to carry out the mission. Stuart ordered his men to observe "implicit obedience to orders...and the strictest order and sobriety on the march and in bivouac." They set out for Maryland from
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Regiment saw the Confederates, but were too few in number to mount an attack. The Confederates had ridden completely around the Union Army of more than 100,000 men still encamped in the general region of the Antietam battlefield.
649:. The Confederates were able to capture and parole 280 sick and wounded Union soldiers convalescing in the town. They set ablaze the Chambersburg railroad depot, loaded trains, machine shops and warehouses with military supplies.
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wrote that the raiders did not reach the bridge, which they mistakenly believed to be almost entirely built of wrought iron. In fact, Wert states that the bridge was wooden and subsequently was destroyed during the
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part of Stuart's force during the night of October 11, he pulled them back and had his men ride parallel to Stuart's line of march. Longacre, 2000, p. 110. His actions on October 12 are stated in the text above.
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did not entirely agree, calling the raid "the greatest horse stealing expedition" that only "annoyed" the enemy. Many of the horses were draft animals, fit for hauling artillery but not of much use for cavalry.
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By dark, at around 7:00 p.m., in a steady rain, the Confederates reached Chambersburg with the many horses and much fresh food and supplies that they had picked up already. Town officials sent an alarm to
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returned without his servant, Bob, who had fallen asleep along the route and, along with two of Stuart's three horses, had been captured by Union soldiers. In late November, however, Bob rejoined Stuart.
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Stuart did not come into contact with Stoneman, whose men, other than a small guard unit, arrived at White's Ford too late to confront the Confederates. His force did meet Union cavalry commanded by
896:. pp. 106β107. When McClellan was given command of Pope's troops as they returned to Washington, he abolished the Army of Virginia and combined its men with the Army of the Potomac. Rafuse, Ethan S.
2614:. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XIX-XXXI-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 55β56.
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on September 1. Two Union Army divisions held off the Confederate force as a severe thunderstorm hampered continued fighting. After the fighting ceased, the Union forces withdrew first to
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escape. However, McClellan had sent much of his cavalry to western Maryland because of pleas from local commanders for help against Confederate raiders and a diversionary movement toward
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Union soldiers; gathering information; and avoiding a significant battle through evasion of pursuing Union cavalry. His men did fail to destroy the important railroad bridge over
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to lead the raid. Stuart took 1,800 men and a four-cannon light artillery battery on the raid. Stuart crossed into Maryland west of the Army of the Potomac's encampments, raided
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McClellan's failure to deal effectively with the Chambersburg raid contributed to his imminent loss of his command. As McClellan allowed Lee's army to get between his army and
2711:
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Some sources do not mention the condition of the Union soldiers but it is clear they put up no resistance because of the lack of reported casualties by either side.
224:
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McCoy's Ford was about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Hedgesville and 10 miles (16 km) up the Potomac River from Williamsport. Freeman, 1943, p. 286.
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be exchanged for captured Confederate leaders or sympathizers. The railroad bridge was an important link in the movement of supplies to the Union Army at
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bridge over Conococheague Creek, sometimes referred to as the Conococheague River, but the men could not find a way to destroy the bridge. Historian
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Stuart tried to take the money from the town's bank but a banker had removed the funds before Stuart's arrival. Stuart sent a party to destroy the
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wrote in his diary: "We are very much ashamed that the Rebels were allowed to make their late raid into Pennsylvania...." Union Brigadier General
217:
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Wert, 2005, p. 174 says that the four companies of Pennsylvania cavalry rode through Emmitsburg an hour before the Confederates arrived there.
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movements in his direction. He sent instructions for the detachments he had sent on various missions to rejoin the main body of his troops at
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had been placed in command of the defenses of Washington, D.C. as his troops returned from the Peninsula Campaign. Sauers, Richard A.
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318:. It became known as Stuart's "second ride around McClellan" because it duplicated Stuart's reconnaissance ride completely around the
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and locations along his way, and returned south on a longer route which first took his men to the east of the Union Army positions.
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on their way. At Emmitsburg, Maryland, a pro-Confederate crowd welcomed the raiders, who did not linger but quickly moved on toward
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Lee had instructed Stuart to take 1,200 to 1,500 men on the raid but Stuart increased that number to 1,800. Freeman, 1943, p. 286.
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On August 28β30, 1862, the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia commanded by General Robert E. Lee defeated Union Major General
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On the morning of October 11, Stuart's men began their return movement along a different route to the east by way of
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with their captured horses, supplies and hostages and without having lost a man to death or a serious injury.
832:. The destruction of supplies at Chambersburg and the failure of the Union quartermasters to get supplies to
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614:. A Mercersburg doctor said that the Confederates "behaved very decently. They were gentlemen's robbers."
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By September 12, 1862, the Army of Virginia had been totally merged into McClellan's Army of the Potomac.
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Regiment under Captain Thomas Logan observed Stuart's force cross the Potomac River at McCoy's Ford near
856:, President Lincoln reached the end of his patience with McClellan and replaced him as commander of the
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Longacre, 2002, p. 152 states the crossing took place from October 25, 1862 through October 30, 1862.
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to outflank the Union Army and get his force between Pope's men and Washington, D.C. This led to the
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During the night, as his men continued to ride, Stuart, with about 12 men, visited a young woman at
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President Lincoln officially relieved Pope of command on September 5, 1862. Hansen, 1961, p. 225.
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2504:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.
2470:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.
2451:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.
1085:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.
904:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.
888:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.
531:. Lee also wanted "all information of the position, force and probable intention of the enemy."
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decision to replace McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac less than a month later.
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By September 3, McClellan already was aware that Lee would invade Maryland across the upper
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near Chambersburg which they were told, falsely, was made of iron. The raid contributed to
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while Stuart's force moved north, guided by Maryland native, Captain Benjamin S. White.
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as soon as possible. On September 16, the opposing armies were taking up positions near
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as they went, and some were literally falling asleep in the saddle as they pressed on.
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on September 17, 1862, Lee planned to achieve some of his thwarted objectives from the
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just outside Sharpsburg. On September 17, the Union and Confederate forces fought the
2705:
2638:
2612:
Reports, September 20 β November 14, 1862; Correspondence, etc., Sept 3-Nov. 14, 1862
2277:
Coddington, Edwin B. "Prelude to Gettysburg: The Confederates Plunder Pennsylvania."
715:
On the morning of October 12, scouts reported to Stuart that Union Brigadier General
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On September 13, a Union soldier, Corporal Barton W. Mitchell, found a copy of Lee's
485:
370:
347:
344:
174:
134:
2619:
2600:
2319:
2255:
1446:
104:
2396:
Lee's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia
1656:
Lee's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia
423:
Since Pope's men retreated and reorganized in seemingly good order, Major General
2502:
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
2468:
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
2449:
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
1083:
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
902:
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
886:
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
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pursue the Confederates across the river. The Confederates soon rode safely into
17:
2432:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
2411:
Lincoln's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac
1827:
Lincoln's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac
1233:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
816:
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be urged to withdraw quickly in order not to be caught by Union reinforcements.
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Stuart had managed a "second ride around McClellan," as he had done during the
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428:
319:
314:
cavalry raid into Maryland and Pennsylvania on October 10β12, 1862 during the
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clothing as they could carry from a local warehouse and destroyed the rest.
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Pleasonton at least made a good effort to catch Stuart. Brigadier General
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and then into the Washington, D.C. defenses. This cleared the way for the
2646:
469:. Meanwhile, after the Union Army's defeat and withdrawal to Washington,
355:
351:
99:
2601:
Description of the Battle of Unison from the Unison Preservation Society
2483:
McClellan's War: The Failure of Moderation in the Struggle for the Union
2256:
Description of the Battle of Unison from the Unison Preservation Society
1635:
McClellan's War: The Failure of Moderation in the Struggle for the Union
2520:
1504:- Orders, No. 13, Headquarters Cavalry Division, October 9, 1862, p. 56
1495:
1476:
2515:
Smith, Everard H. "Chambersburg: Anatomy of a Confederate Reprisal."
736:
and little used as it was a rough crossing, to cross the Potomac to
569:
of West Virginia before crossing the Potomac at dawn on October 10.
209:
2688:
Hellbent: The Life of Confederate Cavalryman William Meade McMechen
2272:
Southern Revenge!: Civil War History of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
781:
611:
2637:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
213:
2722:
Military operations of the American Civil War in Pennsylvania
2291:. Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
1109:. Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
2381:
Behind Enemy Lines: Civil War Spies, Raiders and Guerrillas
1374:
Behind Enemy Lines: Civil War Spies, Raiders and Guerrillas
610:
Mercersburg, Pennsylvania and paid for it with Confederate
2570:
Cavalryman of the Lost Cause: A Biography of J.E.B. Stuart
1614:
Cavalryman of the Lost Cause: A Biography of J.E.B. Stuart
534:
Stuart picked 1,800 men, divided into three groups led by
32:
Valley campaigns of 1864 Β§ Second Kernstown (July 24)
2727:
Military operations of the American Civil War in Maryland
728:, which was 3 miles (4.8 km) below the mouth of the
481:
talents to restore morale and order to the Union forces.
2306:
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War.
1169:
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War.
2542:. Macmillan Compendium. Sections from the four-volume
2121:. Macmillan Compendium. Sections from the four-volume
419:
where he considered having his force retreat into the
2587:
A Glorious Army: Robert E. Lee's Triumph, 1862β1863.
2056:
A Glorious Army: Robert E. Lee's Triumph, 1862β1863.
1485:- Orders from Lee to Stuart, October 8, 1862, p. 55
2289:Counter-thrust: From the Peninsula to the Antietam
1107:Counter-thrust: From the Peninsula to the Antietam
690:, off the main road from Frederick, troops of the
339:After McClellan failed to pursue the Confederate
59:The rebels under Stuart leaving Chambersburg, by
2353:. Volume 2 of 3 vols. New York: Scribner, 1943.
1524:. Volume 2 of 3 vols. New York: Scribner, 1943.
2717:Confederate victories of the American Civil War
2485:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005.
1637:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005.
39:
2555:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.
2534:New York: Simon and Schuster Macmillan, 1993.
2113:New York: Simon and Schuster Macmillan, 1993.
1972:
1970:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1742:
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1554:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.
975:Wert's first name is correctly spelled Jeffry.
2087:
2085:
1845:
1843:
1790:
1788:
225:
8:
2413:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2000.
2398:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002.
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1829:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2000.
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1658:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002.
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1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1214:
1212:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
2544:Macmillan Encyclopedia of the Confederacy.
2210:
2208:
2123:Macmillan Encyclopedia of the Confederacy.
2048:
2046:
2036:
2034:
1881:
1879:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
811:said the affair was "a burning disgrace."
719:was guarding the Potomac River fords near
232:
218:
210:
53:
36:
2178:
561:on the night of October 9, and camped at
2572:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008.
2429:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
1616:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008.
1231:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
602:. A detail captured a signal station at
2712:Cavalry raids of the American Civil War
2553:Bold Dragoon: The Life of J.E.B. Stuart
2445:'Chambersburg Raid (9β12 October 1862)'
2383:. Dallas: Taylor Publishing Co., 2001.
2077:'Chambersburg Raid (9β12 October 1862)'
1552:Bold Dragoon: The Life of J.E.B. Stuart
1376:. Dallas: Taylor Publishing Co., 2001.
1079:'Chambersburg Raid (9β12 October 1862)'
1037:
872:
2589:New York, Simon & Schuster, 2011.
2308:New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
2274:(White Mane Publishing Company, 1989).
2058:New York, Simon & Schuster, 2011.
1171:New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
415:or Second Manassas. Pope retreated to
2347:Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command
1518:Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command
1093:. Retrieved October 11, 2012. p. 391.
461:, Lee's first invasion of the North.
7:
2351:Cedar Mountain to Chancellorsville
1522:Cedar Mountain to Chancellorsville
25:
2645:Alexander, Ted (September 2001).
2368:. New York: Bonanza Books, 1961.
1139:. New York: Bonanza Books, 1961.
366:through a cavalry raid. He asked
308:J.E.B. Stuart's Chambersburg Raid
2632:
2332:. New York: Random House, 1958.
2153:Soodalter, Rob (June 26, 2013).
1459:. New York: Random House, 1958.
147:
133:
27:Battle of the American Civil War
2659:(7). Civil War Society: 82β89.
2530:, in Current, Richard N., ed.,
2155:"The Invasions of Pennsylvania"
2109:, in Current, Richard N., ed.,
1330:Hansen, 1961, pp. 240, 245β246.
625:, who passed the message on to
834:Harpers Ferry, (West) Virginia
627:United States Secretary of War
1:
786:Rebuilding destroyed railroad
455:Fairfax Court House, Virginia
439:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
2690:. Clarion Publishing, 2014.
2287:Cooling, Benjamin Franklin.
1948:Freeman, 1943, pp. 295, 298.
1105:Cooling, Benjamin Franklin.
830:Martinsburg, (West) Virginia
826:Charlestown, (West) Virginia
563:Hedgesville, (West) Virginia
559:Darkesville, (West) Virginia
421:defenses of Washington, D.C.
2603:Retrieved December 3, 2013.
2258:Retrieved December 3, 2013.
705:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
82:βOctober 12, 1862
2748:
2652:North & South Magazine
2528:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
2517:American Historical Review
2325:The Civil War: A Narrative
2107:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
1452:The Civil War: A Narrative
1416:Hansen, 1961, pp. 260β261.
1298:Eicher, 2001, pp. 340β341.
1271:Eicher, 2001, pp. 339β340.
1218:Hansen, 1961, pp. 228β229.
936:Stuart went even further,}
932:Lee had instructed Stuart,
670:and into Maryland through
638:Cumberland Valley Railroad
604:Fairview Heights, Maryland
582:A small detachment of the
547:William E. "Grumble" Jones
379:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
74:October 10, 1862
30:For the raid in 1864, see
29:
2330:Fort Sumter to Perryville
2246:Foote, 1958, pp. 752β753.
1457:Fort Sumter to Perryville
724:likely position by using
413:Second Battle of Bull Run
375:Mercersburg, Pennsylvania
341:Army of Northern Virginia
251:
193:
180:
159:
126:
66:
52:
44:
2379:Jones, Ph.D., Wilmer L.
2366:The Civil War: A History
1372:Jones, Ph.D., Wilmer L.
1137:The Civil War: A History
738:Loudoun County, Virginia
692:6th Pennsylvania Cavalry
677:Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
499:Battle of South Mountain
447:Fairfax County, Virginia
199:280 captured and paroled
2620:2027/coo.31924080772233
2237:Longacre, 2000, p. 112.
2003:Longacre, 2002, p. 150.
1976:Longacre, 2002, p. 149.
1962:Longacre, 2000, p. 111.
1746:Longacre, 2002, p. 147.
312:Confederate States Army
2647:"A Regular Slave Hunt"
2281:30.2 (1963): 123β157.
2202:Cooling, 2011, p. 276.
2091:Freeman, 1943, p. 302.
2012:Freeman, 1943, p. 301.
1994:Freeman, 1943, p. 300.
1939:Freeman, 1943, p. 294.
1930:Freeman, 1943, p. 292.
1912:Freeman, 1943, p. 293.
1849:Freeman, 1943, p. 290.
1684:Freeman. 1943, p. 287.
787:
668:Cashtown, Pennsylvania
592:Williamsport, Maryland
160:Commanders and leaders
2686:Culbertson, Charles.
2519:96#2 (1991): 432β455
2228:Hansen, 1961, p. 261.
2193:Thomas, 1986, p. 180.
2143:Rafuse, 2005, p. 351.
2028:Thomas, 1986, p. 179.
1985:Thomas, 1986, p. 178.
1921:Rafuse, 2005, p. 350.
1894:Thomas, 1986, p. 176.
1873:Thomas, 1986, p. 177.
1794:Hansen, 1961, p. 265.
1714:Thomas, 1986, p. 175.
1675:Thomas, 1986, p. 174.
1590:Hansen, 1961, p. 264.
1428:Hansen, 1961, p. 263.
1407:Eicher, 2001, p. 363.
1398:Hansen, 1961, p. 262.
1363:Hansen, 1961, p. 260.
1351:Eicher, 2001, p. 347.
1339:Hansen, 1961, p. 251.
1321:Eicher, 2001, p. 341.
1307:Hansen, 1961, p. 239.
1289:Eicher, 2001, p. 340.
1280:Hansen, 1961, p. 236.
1259:Hansen, 1961, p. 230.
1250:Eicher, 2001, p. 335.
1206:Hansen, 1961, p. 231.
1197:Eicher, 2001, p. 334.
1188:Eicher, 2001, p. 333.
785:
756:Barnesville, Maryland
721:Poolesville, Maryland
584:12th Illinois Cavalry
417:Centreville, Virginia
332:during the ill-fated
304:Raid on Chambersburg,
194:Casualties and losses
2409:Longacre, Edward G.
2394:Longacre, Edward G.
2279:Pennsylvania History
1825:Longacre, Edward G.
1816:Foote, 1958, p. 750.
1654:Longacre, Edward G.
849:or Battle of Union.
838:Hagerstown, Maryland
750:at the mouth of the
672:Emmitsburg, Maryland
655:Cumberland, Maryland
598:when he reached the
590:, Maryland, west of
529:Hagerstown, Maryland
504:Sharpsburg, Maryland
451:Jermantown, Virginia
306:often identified as
40:Raid on Chambersburg
2732:October 1862 events
2608:U.S. War Department
2526:Stiles, Kenneth L.
2512:. pp. 106β107.
2496:Sauers, Richard A.
2464:Army of the Potomac
2425:McPherson, James M.
2344:Freeman, Douglas S.
2214:Wert, 2005, p. 176.
2105:Stiles, Kenneth L.
2040:Wert, 2005, p. 175.
1903:Wert, 2008, p. 167.
1885:Wert, 2005, p. 174.
1762:Wert, 2005, p. 173.
1734:Wert, 2005, p. 172.
1702:Wert, 2005, p. 171.
1693:Wert, 2005, p. 170.
1515:Freeman, Douglas S.
1228:McPherson, James M.
898:Army of the Potomac
860:with Major General
858:Army of the Potomac
842:Warrenton, Virginia
688:Woodsboro, Maryland
681:Frederick, Maryland
647:Gettysburg Campaign
565:in what is now the
543:W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee
478:George B. McClellan
443:Battle of Chantilly
387:Conococheague Creek
330:George B. McClellan
323:Army of the Potomac
166:George B. McClellan
2159:The New York Times
995:William W. Averell
854:Richmond, Virginia
809:Marsena R. Patrick
805:Elisha Hunt Rhodes
792:Peninsula Campaign
788:
772:Leesburg, Virginia
588:Old Fort Frederick
536:Brigadier Generals
512:Battle of Antietam
476:put Major General
360:Battle of Antietam
334:Peninsula Campaign
316:American Civil War
47:American Civil War
2595:978-1-4165-9334-8
2578:978-0-7432-7819-5
2546:pp. 201β202.
2481:Rafuse, Ethan S.
2462:Rafuse, Ethan S.
2443:Norris, David A.
2297:978-0-8032-1515-3
2064:978-1-4165-9334-8
1633:Rafuse, Ethan S.
1622:978-0-7432-7819-5
1115:978-0-8032-1515-3
1077:Norris, David A.
748:Alfred Pleasonton
745:Brigadier General
732:near present-day
567:Eastern Panhandle
494:Special Order 191
459:Maryland Campaign
394:Abraham Lincoln's
364:Maryland Campaign
299:
298:
286:Chambersburg Raid
243:Maryland campaign
208:
207:
170:Alfred Pleasonton
154:CSA (Confederacy)
122:
121:
18:Chambersburg Raid
16:(Redirected from
2739:
2676:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2550:Thomas, Emory M.
2532:The Confederacy.
2498:Army of Virginia
2303:Eicher, David J.
2270:Alexander, Ted.
2259:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2215:
2212:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2182:
2179:Alexander (2001)
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2126:
2111:The Confederacy.
2103:
2092:
2089:
2080:
2073:
2067:
2050:
2041:
2038:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1963:
1960:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1874:
1871:
1850:
1847:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1795:
1792:
1763:
1760:
1747:
1744:
1735:
1732:
1715:
1712:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1608:
1591:
1588:
1563:
1549:Thomas, Emory M.
1546:
1533:
1512:
1506:
1498:Official Records
1496:U.S. War Dept.,
1493:
1487:
1479:Official Records
1477:U.S. War Dept.,
1474:
1468:
1444:
1429:
1426:
1417:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1385:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1352:
1349:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1166:Eicher, David J.
1163:
1148:
1133:
1118:
1103:
1094:
1075:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
999:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
967:
963:
957:
954:
948:
945:
939:
930:
924:
919:
913:
882:Army of Virginia
877:
862:Ambrose Burnside
847:Battle of Unison
711:October 12, 1862
700:Urbana, Maryland
662:October 11, 1862
630:Edwin M. Stanton
578:October 10, 1862
539:Wade Hampton III
432:General-in-Chief
425:Henry W. Halleck
409:Army of Virginia
246:
244:
234:
227:
220:
211:
202:"a few" wounded
152:
151:
138:
137:
89:
87:
81:
79:
68:
67:
57:
37:
21:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2702:
2701:
2683:
2681:Further reading
2644:
2633:
2606:
2584:Wert, Jeffry D.
2567:Wert, Jeffry D.
2364:Hansen, Harry.
2267:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2129:
2104:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2079:, 2001, p. 391.
2074:
2070:
2053:Wert, Jeffry D.
2051:
2044:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1966:
1961:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1798:
1793:
1766:
1761:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1653:
1649:
1632:
1628:
1611:Wert, Jeffry D.
1609:
1594:
1589:
1566:
1547:
1536:
1513:
1509:
1494:
1490:
1475:
1471:
1445:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1388:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1164:
1151:
1135:Hansen, Harry.
1134:
1121:
1104:
1097:
1076:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1002:
992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
970:
964:
960:
955:
951:
946:
942:
937:
935:
933:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
878:
874:
870:
864:on November 7.
780:
717:George Stoneman
713:
664:
580:
575:
524:
474:Abraham Lincoln
402:
300:
295:
247:
242:
240:
238:
203:
168:
146:
139:United States (
132:
107:
102:
85:
83:
77:
75:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2745:
2743:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:978-0988714595
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2642:
2604:
2598:
2581:
2564:
2547:
2524:
2513:
2494:
2479:
2478:. p. 100.
2460:
2459:. p. 391.
2441:
2422:
2407:
2392:
2377:
2362:
2341:
2317:
2300:
2285:
2275:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2216:
2204:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2145:
2127:
2093:
2081:
2068:
2042:
2030:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1964:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1875:
1851:
1839:
1818:
1796:
1764:
1748:
1736:
1716:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1647:
1626:
1592:
1564:
1534:
1507:
1488:
1469:
1430:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1386:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1220:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1149:
1119:
1095:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1019:
1009:
1000:
986:
977:
968:
958:
949:
940:
925:
914:
871:
869:
866:
779:
776:
752:Monocacy River
730:Monocacy River
712:
709:
686:Near dark, at
663:
660:
579:
576:
574:
571:
523:
520:
508:Antietam Creek
445:or Ox Hill in
401:
398:
297:
296:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
271:South Mountain
268:
266:Crampton's Gap
263:
258:
252:
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206:
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156:
144:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
113:
109:
108:
103:South Central
97:
95:
91:
90:
72:
64:
63:
61:John R. Chapin
50:
49:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2744:
2733:
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2725:
2723:
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2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2639:public domain
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:0-8061-3193-4
2558:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2540:0-02-864920-6
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2510:0-393-04758-X
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:0-253-34532-4
2488:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2476:0-393-04758-X
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:0-393-04758-X
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:0-19-503863-0
2435:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2419:0-8117-1049-1
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:0-8117-0898-5
2401:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2389:0-87833-191-3
2386:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2338:0-394-49517-9
2335:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2320:Foote, Shelby
2318:
2315:
2314:0-684-84944-5
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:, p. 84.
2180:
2175:
2172:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:0-02-864920-6
2116:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1982:
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127:Belligerents
105:Pennsylvania
1500:, Vol. 19/2
1481:, Vol. 19/2
817:Jubal Early
642:Jeffry Wert
467:Confederacy
406:John Pope's
116:Confederate
2706:Categories
2673:1155328875
2328:. Vol. 1,
2265:References
2164:August 15,
1455:. Vol. 1,
429:Union Army
400:Background
358:after the
86:1862-10-12
78:1862-10-10
2665:1522-9742
2628:857196196
2374:500488542
2359:732818400
2066:. p. 157.
1837:. p. 109.
1666:. p. 143.
1645:. p. 349.
1624:. p. 168.
1562:. p. 173.
1532:. p. 284.
1530:732818400
1384:. p. 137.
1241:. p. 533.
1179:. p. 331.
1147:. p. 224.
1145:500488542
1117:. p. 277.
1033:Citations
912:. p. 100.
868:Footnotes
778:Aftermath
596:Jacob Cox
471:President
391:President
256:Mile Hill
204:2 missing
2610:(1887).
2521:in JSTOR
2075:Norris,
966:143β145.
620:Governor
356:Virginia
352:Maryland
310:, was a
276:Antietam
181:Strength
100:Maryland
98:Western
94:Location
45:Part of
2523:on 1863
427:, then
411:at the
345:General
118:victory
84: (
76: (
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325:under
291:Unison
186:2,000+
112:Result
754:near
612:scrip
551:Major
350:from
320:Union
189:1,800
141:Union
2692:ISBN
2669:OCLC
2661:ISSN
2624:OCLC
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2370:OCLC
2355:OCLC
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2166:2020
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1556:ISBN
1526:OCLC
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1141:OCLC
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573:Raid
545:and
522:Plan
453:and
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