465:
435:; in Spanish it also means "leg of pork", "beardless ", "bald", "close-cropped", or "shorn/shaven/ cut close to the surface". Around 1670, a Catholic missionary reported that men were sporting a style in which their heads were shaven, save for a "finger-length" amount of hair at the crown. This hairstyle has often been portrayed in modern-day depictions of early Chamorros, but the first European descriptions of the physical appearance of the Chamorro people in the 1520s and '30s report that both sexes had long black hair, which they wore down to their waists or even further. Another description, given about 50 years later, reported that the natives at that time were tying up their hair into one or two topknots.
810:
771:
world with their body parts and souls. Puntan's various body parts were turned into the land, his chest into the sky, his eyebrows into rainbows, and his eyes into the sun and moon. Fu’una having the ability to give life, brought the sun, soil, and waters to life, and with a final transformation, she turned into stone and gave birth to the
Chamorro people. Evidence supporting this creation story can be seen through the names of the villages on Guam as they are named after body parts. Barrigada translates to flank, Tiyan translates to stomach, Hagatna translates to blood and Mongmong translates to a heartbeat.
1033:
947:
819:
629:
206:
1341:
682:
141:
1081:
528:
173:
838:
763:
581:). Recent advanced DNA testing conducted on the remains of ancient Chamorros showed that the lineage of both the Unai and the Latte periods originated during the Holocene Epoch in eastern Indonesia, most likely Sulawesi, with no direct prehistoric connection to the Philippines. They were expert seafarers and skilled craftspeople familiar with intricate weaving and detailed pottery-making. The
1171:
32:
188:
982:. Chamorros from the Northern Marianas, who had been under Japanese rule for more than 20 years, were brought to Guam to assist the Japanese administration. This, combined with the harsh treatment of Chamorros during the two-and-a-half-year occupation, created a rift that would become the main reason Chamorros rejected
1311:
In 1950, the population of Guam gained the full
American citizenship, which favoured Guamanian migration to the US. So, the first major Guamanian migration emerged and more of 160 Guamanians emigrated to the US in the '50s. Many of them moved to California. In 1952, Guamanian immigrants founded their
770:
The
Chamorro creation story revolves around two celestial siblings named Puntan and Fu'una. In time, this creation story underwent a series of modifications due to the complications in passing the story along from generation to generation. In this Chamorro creation story, Puntan and Fu'una create the
795:
types. Taotaomona essentially translates to "people of early times," referring to the ancestors of the
Chamorro peoples. The Taotaomona is a supernatural ancestral spirit that Chamorros and some neighboring islanders from Rota and Saipan believe in. The Taotaomona possess a strength that far exceeds
636:
According to early
Chamorro legend, the world was created by a twin brother and sister, Puntan and Fu'uña. As he lay dying, Puntan instructed his sister Fu'uña to make his body into the ingredients of the universe. She used his eyes to create the Sun and Moon, his eyebrows to make rainbows, and most
506:
Chamorro is often spoken in many homes, but this is becoming less common. However, a resurgence of interest in reviving the language has occurred, and all public schools on both Guam and the
Northern Marianas are now required by law to teach the Chamorro language as part of the elementary-, middle-,
1013:
The increasing numbers of
Chamorros, especially Chamorro youth, relocating to the U.S. mainland, has complicated both the definition and preservation of Chamorro identity. On Guam, a Chamorro rights movement has developed since the United States gained control of the island. Leaders of the movement
730:
Prior to
Spanish contact, Chamorro boys and men wore no clothing and went about fully nude at all times. Chamorro girls went nude until around the age of eight to ten, at which point they began to wear a small genital covering made either of bark, one or more leaves, a piece of a turtle shell or in
1303:
The early
Chamorros who migrated to the US were Guamanians who moved in the first decade of the 20th century. In the following decades, small groups of Guamanians emigrated to Hawaii and the Western United States, where they worked as farmers. The population of Guam got the American citizenship in
1044:
Chamorro culture has over the years acquired noticeable influences from
Spanish, Mexican, American, Japanese, and Filipino cultures, as well as the presence of fellow Oceanic (mostly Micronesian) groups. Influence from the German era in the Northern Marianas is most visible in the form of certain
721:
class. Achoti could gain status as Matua, and Matua could be reduced to Achoti, but Manachang were born and died as such and had no recourse to improve their station. Members of the Manachang and the Chamori were not permitted to intermingle. All three classes performed physical labor, but had
668:
was practiced to placate a "great fish". This claim may be related to a Chamorro legend about why the island of Guam is narrow in the middle. According to the legend, a gigantic fish was gradually eating away at the island from both sides. Although the ancient Chamorros supposedly had magical
853:, had encountered the first "Indios" since leaving South America. Later Spanish visitors named the inhabitants "Chamurres", derived from a local term for the upper caste; this was then converted to "Chamorros", an old Spanish term for "bald", perhaps in reference to the local habit to shave.
1094:
and cockfight-related gambling were introduced by the Spanish and have long been a significant pastime in Chamoru culture, especially among men. It is still popular among the members of older generations and with Filipino immigrants, who raise roosters for cockfighting purposes; however,
1009:
provided for the office's popular election. Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing in Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a nonvoting member. They do, however, get to vote for party delegates in presidential primaries.
722:
specifically different duties. Le Gobien theorized that Chamorro society comprised the geographical convergence of peoples of different ethnic origins. This idea may be supportable by the evidence of linguistic characteristics of the Chamorro language and social customs.
1845:
899:
to prevent rebellion. An estimated 100,000 Chamorros may have populated the Marianas when Europeans first settled in 1667. By 1800, they numbered under 1,000. Within the parishes, the Spaniards eventually focused their efforts on converting the natives to
790:
and hauntings in places such as in Yona, other old buildings, schools, hotel elevators, and the Ma’ina bridge. Taotaomo'na are spirits of ancient Chamorros. Birak is a broader term that may refer not only to the undead, but also to demons or general
1102:
have grown in popularity as spectator sports, particularly among the members of more recent generations. Large-scale events are held throughout the year on Guam and Saipan, which feature local competitors and guest participants from abroad.
1147:
Among the 56 states and territories of the United States, the Mariana Islands have the highest rate of religious self-identification, with a combined percentage of only 1.75% of the population (Guam at 2.5% and the CNMI at just 1%)
669:
abilities, the huge creature eluded them. When the men were unsuccessful in hunting it down, the women used their hair to weave a net, which grew larger as they sang. The singing enchanted the fish, and lured it into the giant net.
1143:
and few in the Marianas still maintain some customs and beliefs from the time before the first European conquests; some residents of the Marianas will still ask permission from ancestral spirits before entering parts of jungles.
1068:
has a major cultural influence among the Chamorro; enlistment rates are higher in the Marianas than in any other place in the US. On Guam, the enlistment rate is around 14 people per 10,000; by contrast, the US state of
983:
4427:
387:
After Spain annexed and colonized the Marianas, the caste system eventually became extinct under Spanish rule, and all of the indigenous residents of the archipelago eventually came to be referred to by the Spanish
1312:
first organization in US, the Guam Territorial Society (later renamed as the Guam Society of America), in Washington, D.C., where many worked for the Department of Defense and developing military operations.
672:
Enraged that Father Diego Luis de San Vitores had baptized his child, a Chamorro man and his friend killed the priest and Filipino catechist Pedro Calungsod in April 1672, dumping their bodies in the ocean.
1064:) is currently possessed by the United States of America, as organized but unincorporated territories; in addition, most people of Chamorro descent now live outside of the Marianas in the United States. The
1149:
796:
man and has the ability to cause sickness and death to those who offend them. The appearance of a Taotaomona can vary as they can be a female or male and can take an attractive form or a monstrous form.
1056:) are major components, although this varies from person to person and family to family. The culture is now strongly influenced by American customs and values, largely because the Marianas archipelago (
4422:
1450:
1116:
Diabetes and heart disease have become increasingly common among the indigenous population, as well as among nonindigenous Oceanic people living in the Marianas, particularly the Carolinian
880:
during the Spanish colonial era (1521–1898 AD). Primarily since the late 19th century onward, many Chamorros have intermarried with other Pacific Islanders, mainland Americans, Filipinos,
1592:
442:, as reflected in the 2017 Guam Public Law 33-236. In 2018, the Commission on the CHamoru Language and the Teaching of the History and Culture of the Indigenous People of Guam announced
1209:
is a distinct staple food that strongly identifies Chamorro cuisine among the many dishes of fellow Pacific Island cultures. It is commonly served for special events, such as parties (
935:
1971:
2346:
1513:
2768:
705:, the Manachang being described as shorter, darker-skinned, and physically less hardy than the Chamori. The Chamori caste was further subdivided into the upper-middle class
641:", and transformed herself into a giant rock. This rock split, and from it emerged all human beings. Some believe that this rock was once located at the site of a church in
1937:
Hung, Hsiao-chun; Carson, Mike T.; Bellwood, Peter; Campos, Fredeliza Z.; Piper, Philip J.; Dizon, Eusebio; Bolunia, Mary Jane Louise A.; Oxenham, Marc; Chi, Zhang (2015).
1005:, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968 when the
1052:("doing good for each other", often translated as interdependence) is a core value of traditional Chamorro culture. Respect for one's family, community, and the elderly (
986:
on reunification approved by the Northern Marianas in the 1960s. During the occupation, Chamorros were subjected to forced labor, incarceration, torture, and execution.
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2692:
464:
4896:
3742:
607:
Spanish colonial records show that Chamorro farmers planted seeds according to the phases of the moon. For example, farmers on Guam often plant tuber crops such as
754:" were employed as a chastity measure for young males, a type of genital piercing similar to those employed by inhabitants of precolonial maritime Southeast Asia.
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1245:
are consumed in various local recipes. In the Marianas, Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and American cuisine are also commonly available. Local cookies are known as
2944:
4233:
2511:
891:
During the Spanish colonial era, the Chamorro population was greatly reduced by the introduction of European diseases and changes in society during the
693:, and continued to be so for well over a century after the Spanish first arrived. According to historical records provided by Europeans, such as Father
4886:
3893:
1603:
1315:
In the 1960s, hundreds of Guamanians migrated to the United States, when the largest numbers emigrated to this country. Most of them were fleeing the
599:", one characteristic of which is that the brother(s) of the female parent plays a more primary paternal role than biological male parent of a child.
2591:
4810:
3858:
1113:. The concept of a "clan" stemming from a common female ancestor is still observed. Large extended families remain central to life in the Marianas.
664:, but did not practice a formal "religion" in the sense of worshiping deities. At least one account by Christoph Carl Fernberger in 1623 holds that
1300:
According to the 2010 census, 148,220 Chamorros are living in the United States, mostly from Guam, but also from the Northern Marianas and Saipan.
4631:
3964:
3714:
2761:
2414:
2563:
3671:
3612:
1733:
4849:
4381:
4265:
2651:
1484:
2678:
2623:
734:
Father Pierre Coomans wrote of the practice among Chamorro women of teeth blackening/dental lacquering (also a widespread custom in ancient
4507:
4356:
1763:
1178:
Chamorro cuisine is influenced by various cultures. Examples of popular foods of foreign origin include various types of sweet or savory
2545:
The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010 Census, 2010 Census Briefs, United States Bureau of the Census, May 2012
2248:
1674:
3992:
2754:
2743:
Another resource for Chamorros and those interested in the Chamorro people and culture. Useful for Chamorros interested in genealogy.
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2601:
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2330:
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1446:
115:
1901:
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Village scene depicting caste differences, 1819. Apart from the man at the far left, all men and women are depicted as fully nude.
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913:
321:
49:
4143:
1203:
Archeological evidence from islands in the Marianas reveals that rice was cultivated there since prehistory. Red rice made with
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soup). Fruit bats and local birds have become scarce in modern times primarily due to the World War II-era introduction of the
876:
being the least so. The Chamorros are primarily of Austronesian ancestry, but began to significantly interact with Spanish and
750:), which they considered beautiful as a distinction apart from animals. Fernberger wrote in his account of the Chamorros that "
809:
414:
is treated as a single letter, hence both characters are capitalized at the beginning of a sentence or proper noun, much like
96:
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4070:
4027:
3908:
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1479:
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53:
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of the rest of his parts into various features of the Earth. Once her work was complete, she descended on an island called "
68:
2706:
628:
4825:
4183:
3926:
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3848:
3820:
3777:
313:
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Durand; et al. (1997). "Diabetes in the indigenous population of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands".
4785:
4765:
4737:
4694:
4178:
4148:
4007:
3787:
3340:
1032:
946:
1073:, which has the highest per capita enlistment, has a rate near half that, with about eight people per 10,000. (See the
368:
Americans according to the U.S. Census. According to the 2000 Census, about 64,590 people of Chamorro ancestry live in
75:
4861:
4704:
4624:
4133:
3957:
3888:
3843:
3707:
3279:
2930:
2844:
492:
4158:
4103:
4118:
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934:, signed on December 10, 1898, Spain ceded Guam to the United States effective April 11, 1899. Guam is among the 17
4853:
4805:
4770:
4760:
4406:
4037:
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2693:"Proclamation 5564—United States Relations With the Northern Mariana Islands, Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands"
1006:
818:
365:
4138:
4093:
42:
4857:
4800:
4346:
4275:
4193:
4113:
4017:
3639:
3568:
3420:
2981:
1334:
1327:
589:, was used by early Chamorros as foundation for buildings, and has since been appropriated as a national symbol.
336:, a commonwealth of the US. Today, significant Chamorro populations also exist in several U.S. states, including
82:
923:
4780:
4295:
3767:
3664:
3583:
3493:
1308:, many more Guamanians emigrated to the US. Most of them were in the military or married with military people.
998:
329:
211:
2523:
4684:
4587:
4002:
3987:
3627:
3380:
3304:
3129:
1388:
735:
64:
4153:
681:
446:
as the preferred standardized spelling of the language and people, as opposed to the conventional spelling
4845:
4617:
4443:
4243:
4198:
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3737:
3700:
3329:
3252:
3147:
3124:
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1436:
975:
931:
909:
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family. Because Guam was colonized by Spain for over 300 years, Chamorro has acquired many loanwords from
496:
4022:
4012:
4654:
4582:
4376:
4123:
4052:
3973:
3752:
3553:
3324:
3038:
2885:
2821:
2816:
1919:
1140:
987:
979:
895:. The Spaniards killed many Chamorro men and relocated most others to Guam, where they lived in several
892:
586:
408:
3460:
3021:
2734:
2418:
1793:
1292:
and other canned meats were introduced to the islands after World War II, leading to a dietary shift.
731:
some cases matting. Both sexes at times wore hats of woven leaves to protect themselves from the sun.
4669:
4572:
4448:
4386:
4366:
4351:
4248:
4188:
4128:
3903:
3802:
3723:
3160:
2986:
2880:
1567:
1057:
566:
550:
1340:
1286:(fruit bat) population, as well. Illegal hunting of fruit bats also threatens existing populations.
4820:
4719:
4640:
4228:
4042:
4032:
3938:
3878:
3797:
3334:
3227:
1741:
661:
2098:
4795:
4714:
4401:
4391:
4325:
4280:
4223:
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3997:
3792:
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3314:
3119:
2901:
2396:
2289:
2231:
2177:
1474:
1376:
1370:
1096:
1015:
872:), and present-day Chamorro society is almost entirely multiethnic, with the inhabitants of Luta/
846:
786:
345:
4361:
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1625:
140:
4881:
4841:
4709:
4699:
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2223:
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1767:
1221:
1065:
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558:
527:
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226:
3405:
1131:
for women) are still greatly respected for their knowledge of herbal treatments and spirits.
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played a role in its being used to refer to the island's indigenous inhabitants. Not only is
89:
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4577:
4477:
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4320:
4305:
3498:
3299:
3284:
3257:
3242:
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3165:
3114:
2906:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2793:
2544:
2380:
2322:
2315:
2273:
2215:
1950:
1598:
1571:
1538:
1489:
1424:
1406:
1394:
1279:
1196:
1194:. The Spanish settlement in the 17th century also introduced cattle, leading to dishes like
1084:
751:
570:
503:. An example is how the traditional Chamorro number system was replaced by Spanish numbers.
500:
273:
231:
2124:
1337:, has the largest Chamorro population with 4,931 persons or 0.62% of the total population.
4547:
4315:
4300:
3622:
3588:
3558:
3425:
3192:
3016:
1469:
1442:
1412:
1165:
1027:
927:
885:
857:
665:
612:
473:
317:
4502:
1260:, a dish in which meat is denatured in whole or in part by citric acid rather than heat;
1326:
In the '70s, another wave of Guamanians arrived in the US. In 1986, the US acquired the
1080:
837:
762:
4562:
4482:
4310:
4285:
4270:
4253:
4238:
3593:
3563:
3430:
3385:
3289:
3269:
3109:
1593:"Ethnic Origin or Race: 2010 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Summary File"
1037:
991:
963:
881:
650:
469:
421:
245:
17:
1996:
1818:
4875:
4492:
4260:
4208:
4203:
3440:
3400:
3247:
3187:
3001:
2976:
2439:
2235:
1430:
1358:
1320:
1099:
873:
869:
850:
539:
The Chamorros are commonly believed to have arrived in the Marianas Islands from the
178:
2400:
2347:"Total Military Recruits: Army, Navy, Air Force (per capita) (most recent) by state"
4517:
3455:
3182:
3104:
3033:
2991:
2968:
2803:
1364:
1305:
955:
608:
416:
258:
3548:
3543:
2707:"People are fleeing Puerto Rico, Guam and every other U.S. territory. What gives?"
2150:
592:
Chamorro society was based on what sociologist Lawrence J. Cunningham termed the "
2488:
4597:
4537:
4512:
4218:
3652:
3503:
3483:
3198:
3058:
3028:
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1719:
1382:
1289:
1191:
1170:
1117:
971:
959:
901:
828:
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582:
540:
532:
481:
31:
2683:
Chapter: Pacific Islanders in the U.S., written by Faye Untalan Muñoz. Page 43.
2384:
1385:(born 1993), American NFL football offensive tackle for the Pittsburgh Steelers
904:. Father Frances X. Hezel stated that Chamorros caught or reported engaging in
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3048:
1955:
1938:
1418:
1400:
1316:
1271:
1227:
1107:
743:
642:
596:
543:
341:
333:
2746:
2465:
2285:
2227:
2219:
1693:
1650:
4567:
4290:
3528:
3094:
2593:
Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration. Part 3
1275:
1241:
1219:, and occasions such as a high-school or college graduations. The condiment
1091:
919:. Spanish soldiers settled in Guam and all Chamorro have Spanish ancestry.
877:
792:
747:
554:
353:
146:
2392:
2204:"The Chamorro Creation Story, Guam Land Struggles, and Contemporary Poetry"
2203:
1087:
is the first Chamorro two-star flag officer in the United States military.
4592:
4552:
4371:
3390:
3361:
3078:
3073:
3006:
2415:"Northern Mariana Islands Travel – Guides & Reviews – Travel Library"
1939:"The first settlement of Remote Oceania: the Philippines to the Marianas"
1456:
1373:(born 1980) award-winning poet, essayist, and former university professor
1262:
1256:
1180:
905:
562:
1846:"Commission: CHamoru, not Chamorro; Guam's female governor is maga'håga"
4557:
4522:
4472:
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3578:
3513:
3415:
3177:
3043:
2653:
Neurodegenerative Diseases: Neurobiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics
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1235:
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739:
400:
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Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
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3309:
3068:
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2555:
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Guampdn.com, Ghost stories: Taotaomona and other spirits inhabit Guam
1215:
1204:
1186:
967:
896:
654:
389:
361:
357:
337:
2740:
2277:
1409:, first Chamorro two-star flag officer in the United States military
145:
Chamorro performers at the Pacific Islander Festival Association in
2565:
Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia. Volume one-two
4542:
4497:
3467:
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3435:
3274:
3053:
1339:
1282:, which decimated the populations of local birds and threatens the
1231:
1169:
1079:
1031:
1014:
seek to return ancestral lands to the Chamorro people, and attain
958:, five American jurisdictions were in the Pacific Ocean: Guam and
945:
865:
836:
761:
690:
680:
627:
526:
463:
349:
1972:"Ancient Chamorros may have come from Indonesia, researchers say"
1539:"The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010"
380:
Precolonial society in the Marianas was based on a caste system,
3538:
3518:
3508:
3488:
3445:
3410:
3395:
3264:
3213:
3099:
3011:
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1110:
1074:
1061:
908:"sorcery" were publicly punished. Through this, they were given
638:
369:
325:
193:
4613:
3946:
3696:
2962:
List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
2926:
2750:
2695:. The American Presidency Project. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
1367:(born 1959), Chamorro Rights Advocate & former Guam Senator
4423:
Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
3354:
3348:
3171:
2182:
A Pre-Missionary Manuscript Record of the Chamorro, Micronesia
1626:"Chamorro definition and meaning – Collins English Dictionary"
697:, apparent racial differences existed between the subservient
578:
25:
2610:
Pacific Islander and Pacific Islander Americans, 1940-present
1379:, a cultural anthropologist from the Northern Mariana Islands
297:
279:
276:
288:
1871:
Del español al chamorro: Lenguas en contacto en el Pacífico
1439:(born 1880), chaperone for the Navy's Native Nurses program
300:
291:
2650:
M. Flint Beal; Anthony E. Lang; Albert C. Ludolph (2005).
1902:"Youth Congress passes three bills, adopts one resolution"
1451:
Northern Mariana Islands's at-large congressional district
936:
nonself-governing territories listed by the United Nations
427:
Some people theorize that Spanish definitions of the word
1514:"Language commission launches latest CHamoru orthography"
1427:, Chamorro-American member of the United States Air Force
774:
Traditional beliefs among the Chamorros include tales of
974:
in Southeast Asia. On December 8, 1941, hours after the
860:
have been occupied by several foreign countries (Spain,
438:
Chamorro institutions on Guam advocate for the spelling
1873:. Madrid, 2009, Ediciones Gondo, www.edicionesgondo.com
1003:
unincorporated organized territory of the United States
585:, a megalithic rock pillar topped with a hemispherical
2047:
Wuerch, William L.; Ballendorf, Dirk Anthony (1994).
573:
to the south (in particular the outer islands of the
1920:"Chamorro Greetings | Chamorro Culture in Guam"
514:, a greeting which approximates "hello" in English.
4751:
4728:
4647:
4606:
4436:
4415:
4334:
4171:
4084:
4061:
3980:
3937:
3921:
3834:
3811:
3730:
3689:
3680:
3602:
3476:
3373:
3138:
3087:
2967:
2894:
2873:
2835:
2802:
2784:
2512:"REVIEW ESSAY: The Song Maps of Craig Santos Perez"
1330:, which favoured migration from islands to the US.
285:
282:
251:
238:
220:
202:
184:
164:
154:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2314:
2125:"Columbia April 2024 by Columbia Magazine - Issuu"
2026:. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bess Press, Inc. p. 229.
372:and another 19,000 live in the Northern Marianas.
2051:. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. pp. 12–13.
1884:"Law requires kids to take more Chamorro classes"
1675:The Puerto Rico and Insular Areas (Archived copy)
766:Taotaomona are believed to live near Latte stones
978:, Japanese forces from the Marianas launched an
784:, as well as the Spanish-introduced concepts of
645:, while others believe it is the phallic-shaped
2074:"Folktale: Puntan and Fu'una: Gods of Creation"
1150:not claiming membership in or affiliation with
4625:
3958:
3708:
2938:
2762:
2737:from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community
384:being the name of the ruling, highest caste.
8:
2049:Historical Dictionary of Guam and Micronesia
1734:"Spanish to English translation: "Chamorro""
330:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
131:
2305:
2303:
1787:
1785:
1397:(born 1958), Chamorro Pulitzer Prize winner
1391:(died 1993), businesswoman and entrepreneur
950:Group of Chamorros on Guam in the mid-1940s
689:Chamorro society was divided into two main
4632:
4618:
4610:
3965:
3951:
3943:
3715:
3701:
3693:
3686:
2945:
2931:
2923:
2769:
2755:
2747:
2444:Guampedia – The Online Resource About Guam
2072:Hattori, Anne Perez (September 23, 2016).
1421:, aide to former US president Donald Trump
1266:, a meat dish made with coconut milk; and
364:, all of which together are designated as
139:
130:
1954:
1106:Chamorro life has long centered on one's
1077:page for more details about this topic.)
549:. They are most closely related to other
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2681:. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. 1974.
2612:, written by Matthew Kester. Page 1177.
1720:"Spanish-English Dictionary: "Chamorro""
1687:
1685:
1507:
1505:
510:A commonly spoken phrase in Chamorro is
23:Indigenous people of the Mariana Islands
4892:Indigenous peoples in the United States
2349:. StateMaster.com. 2010. Archived from
1568:"2020 Island Areas Censuses: Guam File"
1501:
1225:accompanies most meals. Fruits such as
4897:Oceanian diaspora in the United States
2705:Van Dam, Andrew (September 23, 2022).
2178:"FERNBERGER'S ACCOUNT OF THE MARIANAS"
1184:, originally introduced by Spain, and
849:and his men, after having crossed the
3100:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)
2562:Huping Ling; Allan W. Austin (2010).
1844:Daily Post Staff (30 November 2018).
1485:Guamanian citizenship and nationality
988:American forces recaptured the island
7:
4840:For other topics including Oceanian
3233:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands
2625:Cultivating Diversity in Fundraising
2510:Bevacqua, Michael Lujan web (2015).
2417:. Travel-library.com. Archived from
1970:Erediano, Emmanuel T. (2022-06-01).
165:Regions with significant populations
54:adding citations to reliable sources
2679:"Civil Rights Digest, Volumes 9-11"
1798:Ancient Chamorro Concepts of Beauty
1512:Sablan, Jerick (January 21, 2021).
4179:Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
2321:. Harper Perennial, 2003. p.
2202:Perez, Craig Santos (2020-04-01).
2099:"How the Young Maidens Saved Guam"
320:, politically divided between the
14:
1976:Marianas Variety News & Views
1403:(born 1983), mixed martial artist
1045:given names and family surnames.
917:or Alphabetic Catalog of Surnames
4887:Indigenous peoples of Micronesia
3633:World Invitational Hula Festival
2262:"The Taotaomona Stories of Guam"
915:Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos
817:
808:
272:
204:
186:
171:
30:
3153:Australian Aboriginal astronomy
2590:Barkan, Elliott Robert (2013).
1794:"Hairstyles and teeth staining"
1254:Locally distinct foods include
41:needs additional citations for
4660:Federated States of Micronesia
4543:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
4234:Federated States of Micronesia
3993:Federated States of Micronesia
3743:Federated States of Micronesia
3238:Federated States of Micronesia
2466:"Ancient Chamorro Use of Rice"
1480:History of the Pacific Islands
1361:(born 1996), singer/songwriter
1166:Culture of Guam § Cuisine
1162:Cuisine of the Mariana Islands
615:at full moon during low tide.
575:Federated States of Micronesia
553:from the Philippines, eastern
1:
2954:Culture of indigenous Oceania
2022:Cunningham, Lawrence (1992).
1348:is of mixed Chamorro ancestry
1296:Diaspora in the United States
726:Clothing and beauty practices
660:Ancient Chamorros engaged in
551:Austronesian-speaking natives
4382:Oceanian legendary creatures
2628:. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
930:on June 21, 1898. Under the
713:and the highest, the ruling
535:structures may have appeared
507:and high-school curriculum.
433:"Chamorro" a Spanish surname
4862:Category:Culture of Oceania
2735:Chamorro census information
2622:Pettey, Janice Gow (2002).
2489:"Fanihi: Mariana Fruit Bat"
2440:"Tinala' Katne: Dried Beef"
1997:"Distribution of authority"
1449:to the U.S. House from the
1304:1929. So, after the end of
1123:Traditional healers called
1048:The prehistoric concept of
841:Chamorro girls in the 1930s
407:of the Spanish exonym. The
4913:
4464:Chatham Islander (Moriori
3362:Weriyeng navigation school
2778:Pacific Islander Americans
2385:10.1177/101053959700900106
2317:Over the Edge of the World
1159:
1025:
1007:Guam Elective Governor Act
994:commemorates the victory.
493:Malayo-Polynesian subgroup
457:
15:
4838:
3206:traditions and ceremonies
2960:
1956:10.1017/S0003598X00068393
1823:Guam Legislature Archives
1766:. Babylon. Archived from
1694:"Ancient Chamorro castes"
1692:Lujan Bevacqua, Michael.
1630:www.collinsdictionary.com
1335:Pierce County, Washington
1328:Northern Marianas Islands
1190:, a noodle dish from the
256:
243:
225:
169:
159:
138:
4811:Northern Mariana Islands
4266:Northern Mariana Islands
4144:Northern Mariana Islands
3894:Northern Mariana Islands
3665:Festival of Pacific Arts
2373:Asia-Pac J Public Health
2220:10.1215/00138282-8237377
2024:Ancient Chamorro Society
2001:Che’lu/Mañe’lu: Siblings
1869:Rafael Rodríguez-Ponga.
1415:, teacher & activist
999:Guam Organic Act of 1950
997:After World War II, the
856:Over the centuries, the
212:Northern Mariana Islands
16:Not to be confused with
4776:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4109:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3859:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3628:Merrie Monarch Festival
2912:Asian Pacific Americans
1764:""Chamorro" definition"
1389:Ignacia Bordallo Butler
1152:a particular religion.
1036:Chamorros at church in
1022:Modern Chamorro culture
1001:established Guam as an
736:Maritime Southeast Asia
632:Chamorros fishing, 1819
472:by the Chamorro in the
322:United States territory
4588:Torres Strait Islander
3974:Literature of Oceania
3330:Micronesian Navigation
2741:MyChamorroHeritage.com
2260:Soker, Donald (1972).
2208:English Language Notes
1437:Maria Anderson Roberto
1349:
1175:
1088:
1041:
976:attack on Pearl Harbor
970:in Polynesia, and the
951:
842:
767:
701:caste, and the higher
686:
633:
624:Cosmogony and religion
536:
531:Reconstruction of how
484:
405:indigenous orthography
4754:and other territories
4558:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)
4444:Indigenous Australian
4342:Australian Aboriginal
4087:and other territories
3837:and other territories
3724:Languages of Oceania
3325:Polynesian Navigation
3305:Torres Strait Islands
2874:Related ethnic groups
2464:Tolentino, Dominica.
2151:"Higher social class"
2149:Tolentino, Dominica.
1698:Mampolitiku: Politics
1597:census.gov\publisher=
1343:
1173:
1160:Further information:
1100:fighting competitions
1083:
1035:
1026:Further information:
949:
893:Spanish-Chamorro Wars
840:
765:
684:
631:
569:, and peoples of the
530:
467:
328:and the encompassing
252:Related ethnic groups
160:147,798 (2010 census)
4641:Religion in Oceania
4573:Taiwanese aborigines
3927:Languages of Oceania
1819:"Public Laws – 33rd"
926:, the United States
924:Spanish–American War
567:Taiwanese aborigines
216:12,902 (2010 census)
198:63,035 (2020 census)
50:improve this article
4846:indigenous currency
3125:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony
2711:The Washington Post
2522:(1). Archived from
2313:(14 October 2003).
1850:The Guam Daily Post
1606:on 14 February 2020
1139:Most Chamorros are
662:ancestor veneration
491:is included in the
135:
3441:Polynesian sailing
2902:Oceanian Americans
1995:Pereda, Nathalie.
1722:. SpanishDict.com.
1548:. US Census Bureau
1518:Pacific Daily News
1475:History of Oceania
1377:Theresa H. Arriola
1371:Craig Santos Perez
1350:
1176:
1097:mixed martial arts
1089:
1060:into Guam and the
1042:
1016:self-determination
990:on July 21, 1944;
952:
847:Ferdinand Magellan
845:On March 6, 1521,
843:
827:Chamorro hunters,
768:
744:Southeastern China
687:
677:Castes and classes
634:
537:
485:
4869:
4868:
4834:
4833:
4826:Wallis and Futuna
4771:Clipperton Island
4729:Associated states
4326:Wallis and Futuna
4167:
4166:
4159:Wallis and Futuna
4104:Clipperton Island
4062:Associated states
3933:
3932:
3917:
3916:
3909:Wallis and Futuna
3854:Clipperton Island
3812:Associated states
3660:Pacific Community
3648:Pasifika Festival
3381:Aboriginal dugout
3320:Wallis and Futuna
2920:
2919:
2907:Pacific Islanders
2845:French Polynesian
2311:Laurence Bergreen
2155:Matao and Acha’ot
1924:www.visitguam.com
1825:. 31 January 2017
1353:Notable Chamorros
1174:Chamorro red rice
1066:American military
695:Charles Le Gobien
557:(specifically in
489:Chamorro language
460:Chamorro language
403:derived from the
314:Indigenous people
264:
263:
126:
125:
118:
100:
65:"Chamorro people"
4904:
4816:Pitcairn Islands
4786:French Polynesia
4766:Christmas Island
4695:Papua New Guinea
4675:Marshall Islands
4648:Sovereign states
4634:
4627:
4620:
4611:
4528:Norfolk Islander
4473:Fijian (iTaukei)
4276:Papua New Guinea
4149:Pitcairn Islands
4119:French Polynesia
4099:Christmas Island
4028:Papua New Guinea
4008:Marshall Islands
3981:Sovereign states
3967:
3960:
3953:
3944:
3899:Pitcairn Islands
3869:French Polynesia
3849:Christmas Island
3778:Papua New Guinea
3758:Marshall Islands
3731:Sovereign states
3717:
3710:
3703:
3694:
3687:
3672:Papua New Guinea
3335:Marshall Islands
3285:Pitcairn Islands
3280:Papua New Guinea
3220:Lomilomi massage
3166:Caroline Islands
3039:Papua New Guinea
2947:
2940:
2933:
2924:
2855:Native Hawaiians
2771:
2764:
2757:
2748:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2559:
2550:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2526:on June 24, 2016
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2320:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2266:Western Folklore
2257:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2176:Wernhart, Karl.
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1949:(329): 909–926.
1934:
1928:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1880:
1874:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:on 29 March 2014
1740:. Archived from
1738:Yahoo! Education
1730:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1689:
1680:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1602:. Archived from
1599:US Census Bureau
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1572:US Census Bureau
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1543:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1509:
1490:Native Hawaiians
1459:, martial artist
1433:, martial artist
1425:Susan Pangelinan
1407:Peter Gumataotao
1395:Manny Crisostomo
1280:brown tree snake
1085:Peter Gumataotao
1040:in the mid-1940s
980:invasion of Guam
910:Spanish surnames
821:
812:
571:Caroline Islands
548:
474:Ladrones Islands
366:Pacific Islander
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
294:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
210:
208:
207:
192:
190:
189:
177:
175:
174:
155:Total population
143:
136:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4830:
4753:
4747:
4730:
4724:
4705:Solomon Islands
4643:
4638:
4602:
4432:
4411:
4330:
4296:Solomon Islands
4163:
4086:
4080:
4063:
4057:
4038:Solomon Islands
3976:
3971:
3929:
3913:
3836:
3830:
3813:
3807:
3788:Solomon Islands
3726:
3721:
3676:
3623:Aloha Festivals
3598:
3472:
3431:Paopao (Tuvalu)
3421:Māori migration
3369:
3341:Stick charts of
3295:Solomon Islands
3178:Chatham Islands
3140:
3134:
3083:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2921:
2916:
2890:
2869:
2831:
2798:
2780:
2775:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2604:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2576:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2309:
2308:
2301:
2278:10.2307/1499278
2259:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2243:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2103:Legends of Guam
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1470:History of Guam
1466:
1443:Gregorio Sablan
1413:Siobhon McManus
1355:
1298:
1213:or "fiestas"),
1168:
1158:
1137:
1030:
1028:Culture of Guam
1024:
962:in Micronesia,
944:
932:Treaty of Paris
858:Mariana Islands
835:
834:
833:
832:
824:
823:
822:
814:
813:
802:
760:
746:, and parts of
728:
679:
666:human sacrifice
626:
621:
605:
547: 1,500 BC
546:
525:
523:Early Chamorros
520:
468:Reception of a
462:
456:
378:
318:Mariana Islands
296:
275:
271:
268:Chamorro people
230:
205:
203:
187:
185:
172:
170:
150:
133:
129:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4910:
4908:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4874:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4806:Norfolk Island
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4761:American Samoa
4757:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4731:of New Zealand
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4614:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4467:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4139:Norfolk Island
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4094:American Samoa
4090:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4064:of New Zealand
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3889:Norfolk Island
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3844:American Samoa
3840:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3814:of New Zealand
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3691:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3613:Garma Festival
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3474:
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3471:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3386:Alingano Maisu
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3270:Norfolk Island
3267:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2997:kapa (Hawaiʻi)
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2895:Related topics
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2738:
2730:
2729:External links
2727:
2724:
2723:
2697:
2685:
2670:
2662:
2642:
2634:
2614:
2602:
2582:
2574:
2551:
2548:www.census.gov
2537:
2502:
2487:Brooke, Anne.
2479:
2456:
2431:
2406:
2363:
2338:
2331:
2299:
2272:(3): 153–167.
2252:
2241:
2194:
2168:
2141:
2116:
2090:
2064:
2057:
2039:
2032:
2014:
1987:
1962:
1929:
1911:
1908:. 6 July 2021.
1906:Saipan Tribune
1893:
1875:
1862:
1836:
1810:
1792:Flores, Judy.
1781:
1755:
1725:
1711:
1681:
1678:www.census.gov
1667:
1655:dictionary.com
1642:
1617:
1584:
1559:
1530:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
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1465:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1354:
1351:
1297:
1294:
1157:
1154:
1141:Roman Catholic
1136:
1133:
1038:Inarajan, Guam
1023:
1020:
992:Liberation Day
984:the referendum
964:American Samoa
943:
940:
826:
825:
816:
815:
807:
806:
805:
804:
803:
801:
798:
759:
756:
727:
724:
678:
675:
625:
622:
620:
617:
604:
601:
524:
521:
519:
516:
470:Manila galleon
458:Main article:
455:
452:
377:
374:
262:
261:
254:
253:
249:
248:
246:Roman Catholic
244:Predominantly
241:
240:
236:
235:
223:
222:
218:
217:
214:
200:
199:
196:
182:
181:
167:
166:
162:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
144:
127:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
22:
18:Comoro Islands
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4909:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
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4877:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4801:New Caledonia
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4781:Easter Island
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4739:
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4727:
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4713:
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4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
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4668:
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4663:
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4658:
4656:
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4652:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4630:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4244:New Caledonia
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4199:Easter Island
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4134:New Caledonia
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4114:Easter Island
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:New Caledonia
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Easter Island
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Dugout (boat)
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:New Caledonia
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:Easter Island
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:Geo-specific,
3137:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:Broad culture
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2886:New Zealander
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2663:9781139443456
2659:
2656:. Cambridge.
2655:
2654:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2635:9780471226017
2631:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2603:9781598842197
2599:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2575:9781317476450
2571:
2568:. Routledge.
2567:
2566:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2467:
2460:
2457:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2421:on 2011-02-24
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2353:on 2020-02-12
2352:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2332:0-06-621173-5
2328:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2033:1-880188-05-8
2029:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1770:on 2014-03-29
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1656:
1652:
1646:
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39:This article
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27:
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4752:Dependencies
4738:Cook Islands
4458:
4449:Austronesian
4194:Cook Islands
4085:Dependencies
4071:Cook Islands
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3821:Cook Islands
3644:New Zealand
3499:fire dancing
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3130:Wood carving
3105:Kava culture
2992:Cook Islands
2811:
2804:Micronesians
2714:. Retrieved
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2596:. ABC-Clio.
2592:
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2528:. Retrieved
2524:the original
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2493:. Retrieved
2482:
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2459:
2448:. Retrieved
2446:. 2010-06-28
2443:
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2419:the original
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2351:the original
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2131:. 2024-04-01
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1768:the original
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1742:the original
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1604:the original
1596:
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1521:. Retrieved
1517:
1365:Angel Santos
1333:As of 2020,
1332:
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1306:World War II
1302:
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1268:kå'du fanihi
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956:World War II
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942:World War II
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259:Micronesians
128:Ethnic group
112:
103:
93:
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72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
4685:New Zealand
4518:Micronesian
4508:Marshallese
4377:Micronesian
4249:New Zealand
4189:Austronesia
4018:New Zealand
3922:by category
3768:New Zealand
3653:Te Matatini
3504:firewalking
3253:New Zealand
3199:Lau Islands
3161:Austronesia
3029:nguzu nguzu
3017:New Zealand
2987:Austronesia
2837:Polynesians
2822:Micronesian
2817:Marshallese
2786:Melanesians
2516:Transmotion
2491:. Guampedia
2468:. Guampedia
2214:(1): 9–20.
2157:. Guampedia
2105:. Guampedia
2003:. Guampedia
1700:. Guampedia
1453:since 2009.
1383:Zach Banner
1344:Pop singer
1222:fina'denne'
1192:Philippines
1118:Refaluwasch
1108:matriarchal
1058:partitioned
972:Philippines
960:Wake Island
922:During the
902:Catholicism
829:Boxer Codex
777:taotaomo'na
649:located in
647:Laso de Fua
603:Agriculture
594:matrilineal
583:latte stone
541:Philippines
533:latte stone
482:Boxer Codex
395:. The name
234:(auxiliary)
4876:Categories
4538:Polynesian
4513:Melanesian
4454:Sama-Bajau
4387:Polynesian
4367:Melanesian
4352:Mangarevan
4229:Micronesia
3939:Literature
3609:Australia
3355:navigation
2881:Australian
2716:October 5,
2450:2023-09-26
2425:2011-02-20
2357:2010-05-25
2135:2024-04-21
2058:0810828588
1981:2022-08-02
1855:11 January
1829:11 January
1660:9 December
1651:"Chamorro"
1546:census.gov
1496:References
1419:Walt Nauta
1401:Joe Duarte
1317:Korean War
1272:flying fox
1242:bilimbines
752:penis pins
597:avuncuclan
346:Washington
342:California
334:Micronesia
312:) are the
76:newspapers
4655:Australia
4578:Tokelauan
4407:Vanuatuan
4335:Mythology
4291:Slit drum
4281:Polynesia
4224:Melanesia
4184:Australia
3988:Australia
3738:Australia
3682:Languages
3603:Festivals
3529:kapa haka
3426:Outrigger
3148:Australia
3120:Polynesia
3095:areca nut
2982:Australia
2812:Chamorros
2668:Page 835.
2608:Chapter:
2580:Page 524.
2379:: 28–32.
2286:0043-373X
2236:219650932
2228:0013-8282
2129:issuu.com
2078:Guampedia
1943:Antiquity
1888:KUAM News
1610:11 August
1552:11 August
1276:fruit bat
1054:man åmko'
878:Filipinos
831:(c. 1590)
793:elemental
748:Indochina
699:Manachang
651:Fouha Bay
577:state of
555:Indonesia
512:håfa adai
376:Etymology
354:Tennessee
221:Languages
147:San Diego
4882:Chamorro
4854:folklore
4670:Kiribati
4607:Religion
4593:Visayans
4568:Tahitian
4548:Rapa Nui
4478:Hawaiian
4459:Chamorro
4416:Research
4402:Tuvaluan
4392:Rapa Nui
4372:Menehune
4214:Kiribati
4003:Kiribati
3753:Kiribati
3619:Hawaiʻi
3594:'upa'upa
3534:Kiribati
3484:ʻAparima
3406:Hōkūleʻa
3228:Kiribati
3079:tivaevae
3059:taʻovala
3007:magimagi
2640:Page 22.
2401:38598444
2393:10050196
1635:25 March
1464:See also
1457:Jon Tuck
1447:Delegate
1263:tinaktak
1257:kelaguen
1181:empanada
1135:Religion
1129:suruhåna
1125:suruhånu
912:through
897:parishes
886:Japanese
758:Folklore
587:capstone
563:Sulawesi
454:Language
448:Chamorro
429:Chamorro
393:Chamorro
239:Religion
229:(native)
227:Chamorro
132:Chamorro
106:May 2012
4858:cuisine
4821:Tokelau
4720:Vanuatu
4563:Tagalog
4553:Rotuman
4523:Negrito
4493:Ivatans
4483:Ilocano
4468:Rekohu)
4321:Vanuatu
4306:Tokelau
4154:Tokelau
4053:Vanuatu
3904:Tokelau
3803:Vanuatu
3690:by area
3579:tautoga
3514:hivinau
3416:Karakoa
3315:Vanuatu
3141:general
3049:tā moko
3044:reimiro
3034:Oceania
2827:Palauan
2530:May 28,
2495:19 June
2294:1499278
2187:19 June
2161:19 June
2109:19 June
2083:May 28,
2007:19 June
1803:19 June
1774:19 June
1748:19 June
1704:19 June
1523:11 July
1346:Pia Mia
1248:guyuria
1216:nobenas
1156:Cuisine
1071:Montana
954:Before
882:Chinese
862:Germany
787:duendes
711:Acha'ot
703:Chamori
619:Culture
518:History
501:Spanish
495:of the
444:CHamoru
440:CHamoru
409:digraph
401:endonym
397:CHamoru
382:Chamori
316:of the
310:CHamoru
308:; also
232:English
134:CHamoru
90:scholar
4860:, see
4842:cinema
4796:Hawaii
4715:Tuvalu
4583:Tongan
4533:Papuan
4488:Igorot
4437:People
4397:Samoan
4347:Fijian
4316:Tuvalu
4301:Tahiti
4129:Hawaii
4048:Tuvalu
3879:Hawaii
3798:Tuvalu
3589:Tuvalu
3574:tāmūrē
3569:Tahiti
3559:Rotuma
3549:pa'o'a
3544:'ote'a
3524:kailao
3391:Bangka
3374:Canoes
3310:Tuvalu
3110:Lapita
3069:tattoo
2865:Tongan
2860:Samoan
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2472:18 May
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1187:pancit
968:Hawaii
884:, and
707:Achoti
691:castes
655:Umatac
639:Guåhan
559:Maluku
399:is an
390:exonym
362:Nevada
360:, and
358:Oregon
338:Hawaii
257:Other
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4362:Māori
4357:Maohi
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4271:Palau
4254:Māori
4239:Nauru
4172:Music
4043:Tonga
4033:Samoa
4023:Palau
4013:Nauru
3793:Tonga
3783:Samoa
3773:Palau
3763:Nauru
3584:Tonga
3477:Dance
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3300:Tonga
3290:Sāmoa
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3074:tēfui
3064:tapa
3054:tabua
3022:Māori
2850:Māori
2397:S2CID
2290:JSTOR
2232:S2CID
1542:(PDF)
1239:, and
1236:niyok
1211:gupot
906:pagan
866:Japan
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740:Japan
719:Matao
715:Matua
480:1590
478:circa
422:Dutch
350:Texas
97:JSTOR
83:books
4856:and
4791:Guam
4743:Niue
4665:Fiji
4598:Yami
4261:Niue
4219:Lali
4209:Guam
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4124:Guam
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3564:siva
3539:meke
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3461:list
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2718:2022
2658:ISBN
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2570:ISBN
2532:2016
2497:2012
2474:2013
2389:PMID
2327:ISBN
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2282:ISSN
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2111:2012
2085:2016
2053:ISBN
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1857:2021
1831:2021
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1776:2012
1750:2012
1706:2012
1662:2019
1637:2018
1612:2017
1579:2023
1554:2017
1525:2023
1319:and
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1164:and
1127:(or
1111:clan
1075:Guam
1062:CNMI
966:and
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780:and
643:Agat
613:yams
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266:The
194:Guam
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3554:poi
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