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The privileges and titles were so much a matter of royal ordinance that every one of a Sawbwa's symbols of power was laid down in a special book of dispensations granted by the higher court. His regalia and clothes, the guilding and jewel decoration of betel boxes, spittoons, fly-whisks and such articles of use, the dress of ministers, the umbrellas, spears and horses in procession, the caparisoning of the royal elephant, the instruments for processional music, the gateways and the style of residence, all were rigidly prescribed to ensure that the dignity kept up accordance with the status of a royal chieftain, yet did not encroach on the special privileges reserved for the court of Ava itself. The
British, whose success in administration was largely bound up with observance, of precedence in a hierarchy, listed states also as Sawbaships, Myosaships and Ngwegunhmuships
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336:
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The distinction in the titles dates from the days of the
Burmese monarchy although the same states have not continued to hold the same titles for their chiefs during the centuries -- changes took place according to royal favour, results of battles and later, the decisions of the British authorities.
47:
292:, colonial authorities adopted the Burmese system, recognising between 14 and 16 sawbwas who enjoyed a degree of autonomy in their fiefdoms. In 1922, the establishment of the
254:
In the pre-colonial era, the term 'sawbwa' was utilised by the
Burmese monarchy in reference to the hereditary rulers of Shan-speaking polities called
483:
412:
1090:
1114:
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greatly reduced the sawbwas' autonomy. In April 1959, the sawbwas relinquished their feudal authority to the
Burmese government.
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407:. Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
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The term was also used for the rulers of some Tai polities in what is now China's
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30:"Chao Fa" redirects here. For the modern Thai royal title, see
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158:The title literally means "lord of the heavens" in
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126:) was a royal title used by the hereditary
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101:A nobility title used by Tai rulers
1063:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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1059:This name-related article is a
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1:
1030:List of rulers of Shan states
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941:Related states and outliers
403:Seekins, Donald M. (2017).
32:Thai royal ranks and titles
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428:Donald M. Seekins (2006).
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1115:Burmese words and phrases
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432:. Scarecrow Press. entry
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79:Chao Pha Purandar Singha
819:Kengtung & Yawnghwe
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132:mainland Southeast Asia
1025:Federated Shan states
294:Federated Shan States
290:British colonial rule
816:Southern Shan States
719:Southern Shan States
649:Southern Shan States
570:Southern Shan States
504:Northern Shan States
458:at Wikimedia Commons
963:Siamese Shan States
877:Chinese Shan States
154:Names and etymology
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454:Media related to
414:978-1-5381-0183-4
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166:(𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡) in
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16:(Redirected from
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953:Singaling Hkamti
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573:Eastern Division
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1065:expanding it
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581:Kehsi Mansam
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531:South Hsenwi
526:North Hsenwi
511:Hsenwi State
495:and related
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362:Ahom dynasty
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162:, including
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107:
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96:20th century
67:First holder
1110:Shan States
1011:Kantarawadi
958:Hkamti Long
885:Chiang Hung
732:Hsamonghkam
493:Shan States
188:tsaw3 pʰaa5
75:Last holder
27:Royal title
1130:Name stubs
1104:Categories
948:Hsawnghsup
922:Mong-Santa
378:References
312:Province.
274:pronounced
150:fiefdoms.
128:Tai rulers
978:Mongkawng
968:Wa States
857:Hsenmawng
847:Mongyawng
842:Kengcheng
695:Nawngwawn
620:Mongnawng
591:Kengtawng
561:Tawngpeng
436:, p. 391.
140:Mong Shan
60:Mong Kham
983:Mongyang
932:Mong-Yin
927:Mangshih
910:Mong Mao
900:Mong Lem
862:Monghsat
852:Hsenyawt
832:Yawnghwe
827:Kengtung
792:Pangtara
680:Mongping
675:Lawksawk
635:Mongpawn
615:Kenghkam
610:Mongkung
605:Mongsang
556:Mongtung
551:Monglong
546:Mongleng
536:Hsumhsai
356:See also
239:စော်ဘွား
211:Tai Nuea
201:Tai Nuea
144:Mong Mao
136:Mong Dun
56:Mong Mao
916:Mengmao
905:Mong-La
890:Hsikwan
837:Hsihkip
782:Namhkom
777:Namhkai
767:Mawnang
752:Loilong
737:Kyawkku
690:Namhkok
685:Mongpai
665:Hsatung
640:Mongsit
630:Mongpan
625:Mongnai
601:Monghsu
596:Mawkmai
586:Kenglon
541:Manglon
516:Mongmit
316:Gallery
288:During
235:Burmese
223:เจ้าฟ้า
215:chao fa
206:ᥓᥝᥲ ᥜᥣᥳ
197:chau-fa
180:ၸဝ်ႈၽႃႉ
164:chaopha
115:
108:Chaopha
88:Defunct
70:Various
52:Sukapha
40:Chaopha
18:Chao Fa
1040:Saopha
998:Wuntho
993:Wanmaw
973:Kokang
895:Momien
867:Mongpu
807:Yengan
797:Pangmi
787:Namtok
772:Mawson
757:Loimaw
747:Loi ai
710:Wanyin
670:Laihka
660:Hopong
521:Hsipaw
456:Saopha
434:Sawbwa
411:
310:Yunnan
267:မိူင်း
231:sawbwa
213:, and
203::
172:saopha
148:Khamti
146:, and
85:Status
802:Poila
742:Kyong
705:Samka
700:Sakoi
304:China
283:myoza
245:Usage
225:) in
209:) in
191:) in
1061:stub
988:Pong
409:ISBN
372:Tusi
260:Shan
256:mong
227:Thai
219:Thai
193:Shan
176:Shan
168:Ahom
112:lit.
58:and
762:Maw
241:).
130:in
1106::
385:^
272:,
262::
237::
221::
195:,
182:,
178::
170:,
142:,
138:,
1092:e
1085:t
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1005:(
603:/
485:e
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471:v
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258:(
233:(
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199:(
174:(
124:'
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110:(
34:.
20:)
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