85:
860:
any habilitation, is paid at the end of the academic year nearly €3000 for the entire academic year, without salary during the academic year. There are about 28 thousand "Professori a contratto" in Italy, . Associate
Professors have a gross salary in between 52.937,59 and 96.186,12 euros per year, Full Professors have a gross salary in between 75.431,76 and 131.674 Euros per year, and adjunct professors of around 3,000 euros per year.
2425:
1184:. A research professor is usually the most senior rank of a research-focused career pathway in those countries and is regarded as equal to the ordinary full professor rank. Most often they are permanent employees, and the position is often held by particularly distinguished scholars; thus the position is often seen as more prestigious than an ordinary full professorship. The title is used in a somewhat similar sense in the
4382:
796:
459:
2413:
317:
450:, even if these persons do not have the academic qualifications typically necessary for professorship and they do not take up professorial duties. However, such "professors" usually do not undertake academic work for the granting institution. In general, the title of professor is strictly used for academic positions rather than for those holding it on honorary basis.
2401:
544:
Other roles of professorial tasks depend on the institution, its legacy, protocols, place (country), and time. For example, professors at research-oriented universities in North
America and, generally, at European universities, are promoted primarily on the basis of research achievements and external
1341:
Since the 1980s and 1990s, various stereotypes were re-evaluated, including professors. Writers began to depict professors as just normal human beings and might be quite well-rounded in abilities, excelling both in intelligence and in physical skills. An example of a fictional professor not depicted
926:
factor in the university was enhanced by legislation in 2001 (LOU). Some indicative numbers can be interesting, in spite of the variance in the data. We report net monthly payments (after taxes and social security fees), without bonuses: Ayudante, €1,200; Ayudante Doctor, €1,400; Contratado Doctor;
1422:
professor at the fictional
Middleton University. Early in the series, Annalise is a self-sufficient and confident woman, respected for being a great law professor and a great lawyer, feared and admired by her students, whose image breaks down as the series progresses. Sandra Oh stars as an English
859:
As late as 2021, in the
Italian universities there are about 18 thousand Assistant Professors, 23 thousand Associate Professors, and 14 thousand Full Professors. The role of "professore a contratto" (the equivalent of an "adjunct professor"), a non-tenured position which does not require a PhD nor
834:
46,680 in group "W2" (mid-level) and €56,683 in group "W3" (the highest level), without performance-related bonuses. The anticipated average earnings with performance-related bonuses for a German professor is €71,500. The anticipated average earnings of a professor working in
Switzerland vary for
976:
In 2007 the Dutch social fund for the academic sector SoFoKleS commissioned a comparative study of the wage structure of academic professions in the
Netherlands in relation to that of other countries. Among the countries reviewed are the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany,
414:
professor is a title given to selected retired professors with whom the university wishes to continue to be associated due to their stature and ongoing research. Emeritus professors do not receive a salary, but they are often given office or lab space, and use of libraries, labs, and so on.
1529:". Aside from such examples in the performing arts, one apparently novel example is known where the title of professor has latterly been applied to a college appointee with an explicitly "non-academic role", which seems to be primarily linked to claims of "strategic importance".
964:. This usage differs from the predominant usage of the word "professor" internationally, where the unqualified word "professor" only refers to full professors. The majority of university lecturers and instructors in the United States, as of 2015, do not occupy these
886:
The salaries of civil servant professors in Spain are fixed on a nationwide basis, but there are some bonuses related to performance and seniority and a number of bonuses granted by the
Autonomous Regional governments. These bonuses include three-year premiums
818:. In addition, a professor who undertakes additional roles in their institution (e.g., department chair, dean, head of graduate studies, etc.) sometimes earns additional income. Some professors also earn additional income by moonlighting in other jobs, such as
1175:
In a number of countries, the title "research professor" refers to a professor who is exclusively or mainly engaged in research, and who has few or no teaching obligations. For example, the title is used in this sense in the
273:; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the unqualified word is also used colloquially to refer to associate and assistant professors as well, and often to instructors or lecturers.
1360:
movie franchise had a significant impact on the previous stereotype, and created a new archetype which is both deeply knowledgeable and physically capable. The character generally referred to simply as
1188:, with the exception that research professors in the United States are often not permanent employees and often must fund their salary from external sources, which is usually not the case elsewhere.
927:€1,800; Profesor Titular, €2,000; Catedrático, €2,400. There are a total of 14 payments per year, including 2 extra payments in July and December (but for less than a normal monthly payment).
822:, publishing academic or popular press books, giving speeches, or coaching executives. Some fields (e.g., business and computer science) give professors more opportunities for outside work.
1375:, although described alternatively as a high-school science teacher or research scientist, is depicted as a sensible advisor, a clever inventor, and a helpful friend to his fellow
308:. The role of professor may be more public-facing than that of more junior staff, and professors are expected to be national or international leaders in their field of expertise.
3458:
981:
and taxes. Because of differences between institutions in the US and UK these countries have two listings of which one denotes the salary in top-tier institutions (based on the
697:
602:
2922:
2884:
2847:
2810:
1433:
Mysterious, older men with magical powers (and unclear academic standing) are sometimes given the title of "Professor" in literature and theater. Notable examples include
754:
516:, including consulting functions (such as advising government and nonprofit organizations) or providing expert commentary on TV or radio news or public affairs programs;
830:
A report from 2005 by the "Deutscher
Hochschulverband DHV", a lobby group for German professors, the salary of professors, the annual salary of a German professor is
907:, according to compliance with research criteria laid down by the national government). These salary bonuses are relatively small. Nevertheless, the total number of
1764:
3098:
402:
applies to most post-doctoral academics, so a larger percentage are thus designated. In these areas, professors are scholars with doctorate degrees (typically
300:. In many universities, full professors take on senior managerial roles such as leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as
4411:
4186:
4061:
4071:
2783:
672:
577:
4329:
3227:
2459:
2094:
366:'lay claim to, declare openly'". As a title that is "prefixed to a name, it dates from 1706". The "hort form prof is recorded from 1838". The term
4178:
4116:
1829:
1651:
4158:
3489:
3135:
747:
443:
Beyond holding the proper academic title, universities in many countries also give notable artists, athletes and foreign dignitaries the title
4153:
2314:
1626:
4163:
1430:
The series includes her character's negotiation of liberal arts campus politics, in particular issues of racism, sexism, and social mores.
722:
682:
582:
1362:
1211:
individuals often lost in thought. In many cases, fictional professors are socially or physically awkward. Examples include the 1961 film
529:
Conducting administrative or managerial functions, usually at a high level (e.g. deans, heads of departments, research centers, etc.); and
2245:
4196:
2552:
2547:
1461:. A variation of this type of non-academic professor is the "crackpot inventor", as portrayed by Professor Potts in the film version of
949:
727:
988:
The table below shows the final reference wages (per year) expressed in net amounts of Dutch euros in 2014 (i.e., converted into Dutch
4344:
4324:
4303:
1942:
4308:
4191:
4034:
1765:"What makes an expert university teacher? A systematic review and synthesis of frameworks for teacher expertise in higher education"
1180:(where it is known as a research professor at some universities and professorial research fellow at some other institutions) and in
740:
667:
1674:
4056:
2837:
2533:
1699:
1185:
941:
936:
391:
2117:
4046:
2776:
702:
4339:
4111:
4106:
3590:
2219:
1402:
1227:
stories. Professors have also been portrayed as being misguided into an evil pathway, such as
Professor Metz, who helped
4334:
4168:
4133:
4084:
3808:
2452:
1197:
440:
as used in the United
Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries; ranking above senior lecturer and below full professor.
257:, "professor" as an unqualified title refers only to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as "
38:
4288:
4278:
4145:
3353:
2833:
1414:
1259:
1236:
1213:
572:
1993:
4268:
3607:
3128:
1425:
717:
662:
597:
67:
2429:
84:
4293:
4233:
2769:
1548:
1343:
1285:
977:
Belgium, France, Sweden and the Netherlands. To improve comparability, adjustments have been made to correct for
632:
627:
617:
607:
445:
370:
is also used with a different meaning: "ne professing religion. This canting use of the word comes down from the
332:
was first used in the late 14th century to mean 'one who teaches a branch of knowledge'. The word comes "...from
2417:
2018:
800:
4238:
4228:
3585:
3397:
2902:
2480:
1223:
712:
692:
687:
677:
652:
642:
622:
587:
395:
1876:
805:
4416:
4406:
4385:
4283:
4218:
2829:
2689:
2668:
2445:
2169:
2161:
1463:
1208:
881:
707:
657:
647:
637:
612:
592:
383:
480:, research, and publications in their departments (in countries where a professor is head of a department);
4243:
3872:
3614:
2875:
2684:
2628:
2595:
2485:
1627:"Assistant? Associate? What the words before "professor" mean: Titles may not mean what you think they do"
1385:
848:
562:
554:
435:
285:
254:
207:
2405:
1763:
van Dijk, Esther E.; van Tartwijk, Jan; van der Schaaf, Marieke F.; Kluijtmans, Manon (1 November 2020).
4298:
4273:
4263:
4253:
4248:
4101:
3169:
3121:
2936:
2723:
2090:
506:
430:, which are not considered professor-level positions in all European countries. In Australia, the title
2370:
2043:
472:
Professors are qualified experts in their field who generally perform some or all the following tasks:
4359:
4354:
4258:
4128:
4079:
3473:
3439:
3424:
3260:
3207:
3050:
3006:
2912:
2898:
2856:
2801:
1485:
1423:
professor, Ji-Yoon Kim, recently promoted to the role of department chair in the 2021 Netflix series
1371:
1231:
840:
466:
301:
3743:
3548:
3523:
3503:
3407:
3064:
3041:
3026:
2599:
2523:
2518:
1538:
1453:
1289:
426:
420:
289:
270:
266:
169:
2322:
3900:
3882:
3877:
3865:
3699:
3518:
3498:
3468:
3250:
3222:
2968:
2745:
2658:
2653:
2637:
2618:
2580:
2191:
1851:
1738:
1554:
1313:
1277:
1241:
1218:
371:
235:
63:
2893:
2344:
161:
901:, according to compliance with teaching criteria set by the university) and six-year premiums (
3905:
3823:
3560:
3513:
3451:
3280:
3060:
2824:
2143:
1924:
1789:
1543:
1409:
1327:
1308:, the teachers are known as professors, many of whom play important roles, notably Professors
815:
533:
520:
513:
499:
277:
4349:
4223:
4123:
3953:
3761:
3651:
3602:
3575:
3328:
3323:
3176:
3090:
3046:
2963:
2819:
2528:
1779:
1572:
1394:
1294:
1269:
989:
982:
978:
888:
810:
DHV. Bars are for assistant professor, associate professor and full professor, respectively.
776:
4094:
3786:
3597:
3343:
3333:
3085:
3069:
3031:
3016:
2983:
2793:
2750:
2711:
2663:
2623:
2590:
2495:
1994:"Salary Sapienza University of Rome Italy (in Italian) Tabella stipendi personale Docente"
1469:
1273:
1249:
1181:
305:
293:
173:
165:
89:
872:, the salary of a professor in any public university is 447,300 SAR, or 119 217.18 USD
4051:
3995:
3834:
3791:
3719:
3463:
3434:
3359:
3313:
3255:
3212:
3055:
3011:
2861:
2738:
1807:
1526:
1522:
1514:
1447:
1177:
836:
2424:
1479:. Other professors of this type are the thoughtful and kind Professor Digory Kirke of
4400:
3892:
3689:
3478:
3348:
3338:
3296:
3270:
3265:
3202:
3162:
2695:
2196:
1600:
1380:
1356:
1317:
1263:
462:
350:'person who professes to be an expert in some art or science; teacher of highest rank
281:
458:
3925:
3852:
3631:
3621:
3540:
3290:
3197:
3147:
2973:
2733:
2728:
2717:
2706:
1567:
1475:
1347:
1335:
1300:
1228:
965:
1262:, a typical absent-minded but genius-level professor. A related stereotype is the
795:
296:, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a
1925:"University L'Orientale of Naples – table of annual fees for contract professors"
1784:
151:
Academic knowledge, research, writing journal articles or book chapters, teaching
4089:
3920:
3910:
3860:
3842:
3753:
3714:
3508:
3419:
3402:
3036:
1506:
1502:
1480:
1434:
1406:
1398:
1331:
1281:
503:
17:
3935:
3275:
1458:
1351:
1309:
1204:
923:
844:
819:
772:
407:
361:
355:
333:
316:
231:
211:
2147:
1793:
1393:
of the strict, authoritarian professor who demands perfection from students.
779:
throughout the world follow a similar hierarchical ranking structure amongst
3981:
3976:
3943:
3915:
3803:
3798:
3734:
3709:
3570:
3285:
3217:
2931:
2761:
2412:
1518:
1245:
116:
2437:
2400:
948:. In the U.S., the word "professor" informally refers collectively to the
492:
3990:
3962:
3948:
3815:
3781:
3739:
3724:
3684:
3429:
2585:
2557:
1561:
1498:
1376:
1354:, who is skilled at both scholarship and fighting. The popularity of the
1305:
1254:
945:
784:
780:
768:
477:
411:
321:
203:
187:
136:
120:
2292:
2270:
2220:"A new lie has consequences for everyone on How To Get Away With Murder"
2131:
3986:
3971:
3967:
3729:
3679:
3671:
3661:
3565:
3553:
3412:
3308:
3302:
1510:
1390:
532:
Assessing students in their fields of expertise (e.g., through grading
488:
484:
227:
199:
124:
1445:
and Professor Drosselmeyer (as he is sometimes known) from the ballet
3958:
3771:
3704:
3644:
3639:
3446:
3021:
2988:
2978:
2907:
2701:
1366:
1322:
1203:
Traditional fictional portrayals of professors, in accordance with a
537:
297:
247:
1943:"Essere professore a contratto all'università...per 3,75 euro l'ora"
1383:'s portrayal of law school professor Charles W. Kingsfield, Jr., in
3766:
3694:
3245:
1902:
1438:
794:
457:
342:
315:
243:
1326:, Professor Plum has been depicted as an absent-minded academic.
59:
Academic title at universities and other educational institutions
3776:
3318:
2246:"What 'The Chair' Gets Unexpectedly Right About the Ivory Tower"
831:
406:
degrees) or equivalent qualifications who teach in colleges and
382:
A professor is an accomplished and recognized academic. In most
4020:
3377:
3117:
3113:
2765:
2441:
2019:"Average Professor – Education Salary in Saudi Arabia for 2023"
1517:
and other rough environments have been called "professor". The
336:
1419:
913:
is a prerequisite for being a member of different committees.
403:
2132:"Cinema, Supernatural Archaeology, and the Hidden Human Past"
1968:
843:
and 187,937 CHF (€121,461) to 247,280 CHF (€159,774) at the
292:
courses in their fields of expertise. In universities with
2068:
1451:. Also, the magician played by Christian Bale in the film
996:
NL comparison, 2014, net salaries, in NL purchasing power
62:
For the broader American term for academic employees, see
1808:"Associate Professor – definition of associate professor"
814:
A professor typically earns a base salary and a range of
799:
Salary of professors, as reported in the 2005 report the
2095:"International wage differences in academic occupations"
238:
and research institutions in most countries. Literally,
42:
1675:"Dr Who or Professor Who? On Academic Email Etiquette"
390:
is the highest academic rank at a university. In the
2069:"SoFoKleS | Sociaal Fonds voor de KennisSector"
246:
as a "person who professes". Professors are usually
4317:
4209:
4177:
4144:
4070:
4033:
3934:
3891:
3851:
3833:
3752:
3670:
3630:
3539:
3532:
3487:
3390:
3236:
3190:
3078:
2997:
2956:
2949:
2921:
2883:
2874:
2846:
2809:
2800:
2677:
2646:
2566:
2504:
2473:
193:
179:
155:
147:
142:
130:
110:
102:
97:
1700:"Promoted from doctor to professor: what changes?"
1509:in his role as "The Big Professor". In the past,
847:; the regulations are different depending on the
250:in their field and teachers of the highest rank.
2044:"COE – Characteristics of Postsecondary Faculty"
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
261:". In some countries and institutions, the word
895:, according to seniority), five-year premiums (
386:nations, as well as northern Europe, the title
3099:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
1852:"Difference Between a Teacher and a Professor"
1739:"Difference Between a Teacher and a Professor"
1724:David K. Knox "Socrates: The First Professor"
418:The term professor is also used in the titles
265:is also used in titles of lower ranks such as
3129:
2777:
2453:
2190:Kumari Upadhyaya, Kayla (25 September 2014).
1728:December 1998, Volume 23, Issue 2, pp 115–126
937:Professors in the United States § Salary
917:
908:
902:
896:
748:
8:
3813:
1338:who had an affair with one of his patients.
944:commonly occupy any of several positions in
839:(€102,729) to 232,073 CHF (€149,985) at the
498:Performing, leading and publishing advanced
77:
2218:Kumari Upadhyaya, Kayla (23 October 2015).
1941:Monella, Lillo Montalto (26 January 2018).
1652:"United Kingdom, Academic Career Structure"
1553:(S.T.P.) – degree now awarded as S.T.D. or
359:
345:
324:was one of the earliest recorded professors
26:
4039:
4030:
4017:
3536:
3387:
3374:
3187:
3136:
3122:
3114:
2953:
2880:
2806:
2784:
2770:
2762:
2460:
2446:
2438:
994:
755:
741:
558:
1877:"What exactly is a professor these days?"
1783:
2345:"A working life: The Punch and Judy man"
2048:National Center for Education Statistics
32:This is an accepted version of this page
1584:
561:
28:
2192:"How To Get Away With Murder: "Pilot""
1830:"Australia, Academic Career Structure"
1694:
1692:
76:
1525:show is also traditionally known as "
526:Mentoring more junior academic staff;
7:
1280:, frequently used professors as the
354:"; the Latin term came from the "...
2244:Dettmar, Kevin (2 September 2021).
1196:For a more comprehensive list, see
968:ranks, but are part-time adjuncts.
787:; the list above provides details.
4412:Education and training occupations
3379:
2375:Union Theological College, Belfast
2118:Classification of Ranks and Titles
1057:United Kingdom – top universities
491:in their specialties (i.e., they "
57:
2315:"Music: Machines & Musicians"
2162:"Viola Davis as Annalise Keating"
1304:series, set at the wizard school
1029:United States – top universities
4381:
4380:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2321:. 30 August 1937. Archived from
1673:Hartley, Tom (26 January 2013).
1625:Pettigrew, Todd (17 June 2011).
83:
2838:Certificate of Higher Education
1832:. European University Institute
1654:. European University Institute
1441:franchise, Professor Marvel in
942:Professors in the United States
374:, but is obsolete in England."
4022:
1457:adopts 'The Professor' as his
320:The Ancient Greek philosopher
1:
2428:The dictionary definition of
1403:American Broadcasting Company
1252:. The modern animated series
434:is used in place of the term
1903:"Deutscher Hochschulverband"
1881:Times Higher Education (THE)
1856:Western Governors University
1785:10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100365
1743:Western Governors University
1467:or the Jerry Lewis-inspired
1346:, a professor as well as an
1198:List of fictional professors
2834:Diploma of Higher Education
2573:Research and teaching track
1998:Sapienza Università di Roma
1772:Educational Research Review
1726:Innovative Higher Education
1605:Online Etymology Dictionary
1550:Sacrae Theologiae Professor
1497:The title has been used by
1415:How to Get Away with Murder
1342:as shy or absent-minded is
1260:Professor Hubert Farnsworth
1214:The Absent-Minded Professor
523:in their academic training;
4433:
3228:Weberian (three-component)
1272:, author and professor of
1195:
934:
879:
801:Deutscher Hochschulverband
775:and other institutions of
552:
341:(14c.) and directly from
68:Professor (disambiguation)
61:
4376:
4042:
4029:
4016:
3386:
3373:
3186:
3157:
2271:"The Wizard of Oz (1939)"
1284:in his novels. Professor
276:Professors often conduct
222:(commonly abbreviated as
82:
4350:Pre-industrial East Asia
1810:. Free Online Dictionary
1224:The Adventures of Tintin
916:The importance of these
835:example between 158,953
563:Academic ranks worldwide
465:, Emeritus Professor at
236:post-secondary education
64:Faculty (academic staff)
39:latest accepted revision
3398:Administrative detainee
2830:Higher National Diploma
2690:Distinguished professor
2669:Postdoctoral researcher
2468:Academic ranks overview
2170:The Walt Disney Company
2130:Hiscock, Peter (2012).
1464:Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
1288:is a main character in
1240:; or simply evil, like
882:Academic ranks in Spain
826:Germany and Switzerland
545:grant-raising success.
337:
3814:
2629:Senior research fellow
2416:Quotations related to
1704:Times Higher Education
1501:, such as "Professor"
918:
909:
903:
897:
892:
849:Cantons of Switzerland
811:
555:List of academic ranks
469:
360:
346:
325:
298:thesis or dissertation
66:. For other uses, see
4355:Pre-industrial Europe
2937:Candidate of Sciences
2724:Professor of practice
2505:North American system
2293:"The Prestige (2006)"
2093:(23 September 2015).
2091:SEO Economic Research
1905:. Hochschulverband.de
1248:of British detective
935:Further information:
880:Further information:
798:
461:
319:
4212: or countries
4023:By country or region
3261:Class discrimination
3007:Academic certificate
2899:Postgraduate diploma
2408:at Wikimedia Commons
1486:Chronicles of Narnia
1320:. In the board game
1237:Diamonds Are Forever
1007:Associate professor
1004:Assistant professor
841:University of Zurich
467:Princeton University
3744:Vanniar (Chieftain)
3042:Professional degree
2600:associate professor
2567:Commonwealth system
2524:Associate professor
2519:Assistant professor
1539:Academic discipline
1389:(1973) remains the
1290:George Bernard Shaw
997:
958:associate professor
954:assistant professor
432:associate professor
427:associate professor
421:assistant professor
280:and commonly teach
271:assistant professor
267:associate professor
253:In most systems of
170:professional degree
79:
29:Page version status
4325:18th-century Spain
4179:Standard of living
3883:Upper middle class
3878:Lower middle class
3469:Political prisoner
3251:Chattering classes
3223:Spoon class theory
2969:Doctor of Sciences
2746:Teaching assistant
2659:Research associate
2654:Research assistant
2638:research professor
2619:Research assistant
2581:Associate lecturer
1883:. 13 November 2015
1706:. 14 November 2016
1555:Doctor of Divinity
1493:Non-academic usage
1412:television series
1365:on the television
1242:Professor Moriarty
1219:Professor Calculus
1171:Research professor
995:
812:
470:
372:Elizabethan period
326:
157:Education required
35:
4394:
4393:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4205:
4204:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3906:Lumpenproletariat
3408:illegal immigrant
3369:
3368:
3281:Classless society
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3061:Specialist degree
2945:
2944:
2913:Engineer's degree
2870:
2869:
2857:Bachelor's degree
2825:Foundation degree
2759:
2758:
2548:Adjunct professor
2404:Media related to
2371:"REINFORCEMENTS!"
1599:Harper, Douglas.
1544:Adjunct professor
1372:Gilligan's Island
1328:Christopher Lloyd
1168:
1167:
868:According to The
816:employee benefits
765:
764:
521:graduate students
514:community service
500:original research
278:original research
217:
216:
16:(Redirected from
4424:
4384:
4383:
4211:
4112:Mexican-American
4040:
4031:
4018:
3819:
3762:Business magnate
3652:Knowledge worker
3537:
3425:dual or multiple
3388:
3375:
3329:Social exclusion
3324:Social cleansing
3238:
3188:
3177:Economic classes
3138:
3131:
3124:
3115:
3047:Graduate diploma
2964:Higher doctorate
2954:
2881:
2820:Associate degree
2807:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2763:
2647:Junior positions
2540:Non-tenure track
2529:Professor (full)
2486:Ranks and titles
2462:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2403:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2377:. 26 August 2021
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2351:. 22 August 2008
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:on 17 April 2008
2311:
2305:
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2209:
2208:
2206:
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2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
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2158:
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2151:
2142:(2/3): 156–177.
2127:
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2109:
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2099:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1969:"Esplora i dati"
1965:
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1932:
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1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1573:Scholarly method
1443:The Wizard of Oz
1395:Annalise Keating
1270:Vladimir Nabokov
998:
990:purchasing power
983:Shanghai-ranking
979:purchasing power
921:
912:
906:
900:
809:
757:
750:
743:
559:
549:Around the world
509:in their fields;
365:
353:
349:
340:
294:graduate schools
132:Activity sectors
87:
80:
21:
18:Chair (academia)
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4364:
4313:
4201:
4173:
4140:
4124:Underprivileged
4066:
4025:
4024:
4000:
3930:
3887:
3847:
3829:
3748:
3666:
3626:
3528:
3483:
3382:
3381:
3365:
3344:Social position
3334:Social mobility
3232:
3182:
3153:
3152:
3142:
3112:
3103:
3086:Honorary degree
3074:
3070:Terminal degree
3032:Magister degree
3017:External degree
2999:
2993:
2941:
2917:
2894:Master's degree
2866:
2842:
2796:
2794:academic degree
2790:
2760:
2755:
2751:Teaching fellow
2712:Head of college
2678:Other positions
2673:
2664:Research fellow
2642:
2624:Research fellow
2591:Senior lecturer
2562:
2500:
2469:
2466:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2378:
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2155:
2129:
2128:
2124:
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2100:
2097:
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2072:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
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1624:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1581:
1535:
1495:
1470:Professor Frink
1386:The Paper Chase
1334:counterpart, a
1250:Sherlock Holmes
1201:
1194:
1182:northern Europe
1173:
1043:United Kingdom
1010:Full professor
974:
939:
933:
884:
878:
866:
857:
828:
803:
793:
777:higher learning
761:
732:
557:
551:
456:
398:, the title of
380:
351:
314:
306:vice-chancellor
304:, principal or
196:
184:
182:
174:terminal degree
166:doctoral degree
162:Master's degree
158:
133:
113:
112:Occupation type
93:
90:Albert Einstein
71:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4430:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4417:Professorships
4414:
4409:
4407:Academic ranks
4399:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
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4345:Ottoman Empire
4342:
4337:
4332:
4330:Ancient Greece
4327:
4321:
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4311:
4306:
4304:United Kingdom
4301:
4296:
4291:
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4266:
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4256:
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4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4197:Home-ownership
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
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4166:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4148:
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4131:
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4119:
4114:
4109:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4052:American Dream
4049:
4043:
4037:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
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4002:
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3831:
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3828:
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3806:
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3789:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3595:
3594:
3593:
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3527:
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3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3464:Migrant worker
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3380:By demographic
3378:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3360:Status Anxiety
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Ranked society
3311:
3306:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Class conflict
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3239: topics
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3213:Mudsill theory
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3155:
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3144:
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3141:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3118:
3109:
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3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3058:
3056:Higher diploma
3053:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3012:Artist diploma
3009:
3003:
3001:
3000:classification
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
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2926:
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2915:
2910:
2905:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2862:Honours degree
2859:
2853:
2851:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2739:Vice-principal
2736:
2726:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
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2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:Research track
2608:
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2593:
2588:
2583:
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2467:
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2457:
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2442:
2436:
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2395:
2394:External links
2392:
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2023:World Salaries
2010:
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1448:The Nutcracker
1330:played Plum's
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1178:United Kingdom
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47:12 August 2024
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2197:The A.V. Club
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1357:Indiana Jones
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4360:Soviet Union
4335:Ancient Rome
4192:Homelessness
4117:Upper Middle
3989: /
3970: /
3961: /
3926:Working poor
3822:
3809:Robber baron
3656:
3632:Intellectual
3622:Royal family
3586:Ancient Rome
3440:second-class
3358:
3301:
3300: /
3295:
3291:High society
3198:Elite theory
3175:
3168:
3161:
3148:Social class
3091:
2974:Habilitation
2957:Postdoctoral
2876:Postgraduate
2734:Head teacher
2729:Schoolmaster
2718:Privatdozent
2716:
2707:Habilitation
2694:
2633:
2604:
2511:Tenure track
2496:Tenure track
2490:
2430:
2420:at Wikiquote
2379:. Retrieved
2374:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2349:the Guardian
2348:
2339:
2327:. Retrieved
2323:the original
2318:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2250:The Atlantic
2249:
2239:
2227:. Retrieved
2223:
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2195:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2165:
2156:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2047:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1949:(in Italian)
1946:
1936:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1880:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1802:
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1771:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1742:
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1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1703:
1679:. Retrieved
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1646:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:
1568:Habilitation
1560:
1549:
1496:
1484:
1476:The Simpsons
1474:
1468:
1462:
1454:The Prestige
1452:
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1432:
1424:
1413:
1384:
1370:
1355:
1348:archeologist
1340:
1336:psychologist
1321:
1301:Harry Potter
1299:
1293:
1282:protagonists
1268:
1253:
1235:
1234:in the film
1229:Bond villain
1222:
1212:
1202:
1174:
1113:Switzerland
1099:Netherlands
987:
975:
966:tenure-track
961:
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885:
869:
867:
864:Saudi Arabia
858:
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773:universities
766:
703:South Africa
543:
534:examinations
471:
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408:universities
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384:Commonwealth
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329:
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290:professional
286:postgraduate
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232:universities
223:
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195:Related jobs
148:Competencies
74:
72:
46:
37:This is the
31:
4279:New Zealand
3996:Untouchable
3921:Proletariat
3911:Pea-pickers
3861:Bourgeoisie
3549:Aristocracy
3435:naturalized
3430:native-born
3051:certificate
3037:Microdegree
2998:No dominant
2903:certificate
1710:29 November
1681:28 November
1658:28 November
1601:"Professor"
1507:Soupy Sales
1503:Irwin Corey
1481:C. S. Lewis
1435:Professor X
1407:legal drama
1401:) from the
1399:Viola Davis
1397:(played by
1207:, are shy,
898:quinquenios
804: [
673:New Zealand
668:Netherlands
483:Presenting
378:Description
172:, or other
143:Description
4401:Categories
4269:Luxembourg
4159:Inequality
3824:Superclass
3615:Hereditary
3591:Post-Roman
3582:Patrician
3452:adolescent
3276:Classicide
3027:Licentiate
2792:Levels of
2696:Agrégation
2685:Chancellor
2553:Instructor
2406:Professors
2255:2 November
1836:4 December
1778:: 100365.
1579:References
1459:stage name
1352:adventurer
1314:McGonagall
1310:Dumbledore
1205:stereotype
1192:In fiction
845:ETH Zurich
820:consulting
540:defenses).
519:Mentoring
512:Providing
356:agent noun
338:professeur
334:Old French
234:and other
212:researcher
183:employment
98:Occupation
4294:Sri Lanka
4187:Education
4154:Household
4047:Affluence
3982:Rat tribe
3944:Ant tribe
3916:Precariat
3901:Lazzaroni
3843:Bohemians
3804:Overclass
3799:Old money
3735:Spartiate
3710:Kshatriya
3700:Hashashin
3657:Professor
3598:Political
3571:Oligarchy
3561:Hanseaten
3479:Stateless
3459:Convicted
3391:By status
3354:Subaltern
3286:Euthenics
3218:New class
3092:Ad eundem
3063:/
3049:/
2932:Doctorate
2901:/
2836:/
2832:/
2634:Professor
2605:Professor
2431:professor
2418:Professor
2381:29 August
2355:29 August
2299:16 August
2277:16 August
2148:0029-5973
2075:16 August
2028:11 August
2003:9 January
1978:9 January
1953:9 January
1909:16 August
1814:16 August
1794:1747-938X
1748:11 August
1636:6 October
1631:Maclean's
1527:Professor
1519:puppeteer
1499:comedians
1426:The Chair
1377:castaways
1298:. In the
1295:Pygmalion
1246:archenemy
1122:€101,493
1038:€103,666
962:professor
578:Australia
573:Argentina
538:viva voce
476:Managing
448:professor
400:professor
388:professor
368:professor
362:profiteri
347:professor
330:professor
328:The term
312:Etymology
302:president
263:professor
240:professor
220:Professor
188:Academics
181:Fields of
137:Academics
117:Education
106:Professor
78:Professor
4386:Category
4318:Historic
4239:Colombia
4229:Cambodia
4164:Personal
4062:Mobility
3991:Freedman
3977:Plebeian
3963:Prisoner
3949:Commoner
3835:Creative
3816:Seigneur
3782:Nobility
3740:Vanniyar
3725:Pendekar
3685:Cossacks
3319:Snobbery
3191:Theories
3079:Unearned
2586:Lecturer
2558:Lecturer
2474:Overview
2329:9 August
2103:12 April
1947:euronews
1562:Emeritus
1533:See also
1511:pianists
1369:series,
1306:Hogwarts
1292:'s play
1255:Futurama
1164:€45,113
1161:€37,500
1158:€34,947
1150:€42,357
1147:€35,783
1144:€30,005
1136:€42,535
1133:€37,429
1130:€32,540
1127:Belgium
1119:€89,951
1116:€78,396
1108:€50,847
1105:€42,062
1102:€34,671
1094:€38,247
1091:€30,088
1088:€24,686
1080:€47,894
1077:€42,124
1074:€33,182
1071:Germany
1066:€84,894
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