42:
5082:
492:... yüksek siyasî ve askerî görüş sahibi olarak büyük önem taşıyan bu bey'in adının gerçek söylenişi henüz tamamen kesinliğe kavuşmuş değildir. Bu hususta şimdiye kadar üç ihtimal ileri sürülmüştür: Çaka, Çağa, Çakan. AN Kurat'ın bunu "Çaka" kabûl ederek eserini de "Çaka Bey" diye adlandırması, özellikle memleketimizde Çaka şeklinin yaygınlaşmasına yol açmıştır denebilir.
1221:
397:
on Lesbos. Tzachas resisted for three months, but finally had to negotiate a surrender of the fortress. During his return to Smyrna, Dalassenos attacked the
Turkish fleet, which was almost destroyed.
1214:
816:
Savvides, Alexis G.C. (1984). "Ο Σελτζούκος εμίρης της Σμύρνης Τζαχάς (Çaka) και οι επιδρομές του στα μικρασιατικά παράλια, τα νησιά του ανατολικού Αιγαίου και την Κωνσταντινούπολη".
803:
Savvides, Alexis G.C. (1982). "Ο Σελτζούκος εμίρης της Σμύρνης Τζαχάς (Çaka) και οι επιδρομές του στα μικρασιατικά παράλια, τα νησιά του ανατολικού Αιγαίου και την Κωνσταντινούπολη".
5119:
342:. Some modern scholars have speculated that his activities during this time may have been in conjunction, and perhaps even coordination, with two contemporary Byzantine rebels,
1207:
665:
5112:
5430:
863:
5435:
1512:
362:
5420:
339:
829:
Savvides, Alexis G.C. (2000). "Can we refer to a concerted action among
Rapsomates, Caryces and the Emir Tzachas between A.D. 1091 and 1093".
5105:
426:), who was married to Tzachas's daughter Ayşe Hatun and was thus his son-in-law, to attack Tzachas from the rear. The Sultan advanced to
191:
and the islands lying off shore in 1088–91. At the peak of his power, he even declared himself
Byzantine emperor, and sought to assault
5410:
1687:
709:
3635:
3570:
5128:
5183:
478:
name which does not appear in any historical documents, but was likely "Chaka", "Chagha", or "Chaqan". The name "Chaka", in the
41:
700:
3105:
292:
and rich gifts. However, when
Alexios I Komnenos deposed Botaneiates in 1081, Tzachas lost his position and fled Byzantium.
2969:
1596:
1076:
3782:
669:
5415:
856:
3523:
3077:
5425:
5349:
3794:
5318:
3764:
3699:
3788:
365:
recovered Chios. Undeterred, Tzachas rebuilt his forces, and resumed his attacks, even proclaiming himself emperor (
3776:
3111:
3093:
3035:
1544:
1539:
274:
1528:
4901:
4837:
3907:
3901:
437:
a "Tzachas"—possibly the original
Tzachas' son—is reported as still holding Smyrna when the Byzantine army under
5405:
3244:
2945:
1561:
438:
390:
200:
4638:
4626:
3647:
1677:
1566:
4912:
4794:
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4662:
4650:
3596:
2597:
5051:
4686:
4674:
4656:
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4632:
4525:
4476:
4457:
3977:
3959:
3511:
3455:
3268:
3226:
2951:
2627:
1697:
1682:
1555:
1141:
1111:
1061:
1056:
849:
479:
413:
306:
to wage war against the
Byzantines. Employing Christian craftsmen, he built a fleet, with which he captured
4668:
4531:
4025:
3641:
3418:
3238:
2998:
1951:
4062:
3983:
3971:
3925:
3849:
3517:
3406:
3274:
2992:
2731:
2664:
2446:
2123:
2117:
2026:
1549:
1333:
1256:
1121:
1066:
958:
953:
335:
284:). Tzachas entered Byzantine service and advanced rapidly through imperial favour, receiving the title of
5033:
4907:
4519:
4420:
4253:
4098:
3770:
2957:
2743:
2615:
2306:
2146:
893:
5400:
5374:
5057:
5039:
5027:
4966:
4189:
4001:
3748:
2798:
2792:
2342:
1939:
1921:
1702:
1632:
1091:
668:[History of the Naval Forces Command] (in Turkish). Turkish Naval Forces Command. Archived from
146:
47:
5045:
4414:
4108:
3560:
2749:
2181:
2175:
2071:
1933:
1927:
1849:
933:
483:
211:. Smyrna and the rest of Tzachas' former domain were recovered by the Byzantines a few years later, in
3412:
2140:
430:, where, at the pretext of inviting Tzachas to a banquet, he had his father-in-law murdered. However,
5440:
5379:
5258:
4800:
4013:
3995:
3989:
3943:
3931:
3913:
3220:
3158:
2609:
1915:
1823:
1369:
1116:
1101:
1086:
1071:
1041:
1026:
450:
273:, Tzachas was originally a raider, who was taken as a prisoner by the Byzantines during the reign of
3148:
2603:
2312:
1945:
5364:
5359:
5223:
5193:
4019:
2152:
1627:
1345:
1177:
1151:
1106:
1021:
986:
938:
427:
4402:
4296:
4247:
2440:
2379:
2336:
2318:
2009:
5238:
5208:
5178:
4574:
3018:
2963:
1622:
1572:
1161:
996:
791:
405:
238:
5097:
4918:
4134:
4072:
2804:
2591:
2544:
1131:
720:
4692:
4241:
4199:
4146:
4140:
3685:
2169:
1495:
5313:
5283:
5273:
5003:
4440:
4408:
4331:
3919:
3379:
3262:
3232:
2424:
1721:
1692:
1617:
1146:
1031:
1001:
923:
903:
872:
755:
739:
705:
695:
287:
112:
499:
5354:
5344:
5293:
5173:
4737:
4465:
4007:
3953:
3937:
3860:
3689:
3459:
3184:
3046:
2868:
2483:
1375:
1230:
1126:
1096:
1051:
1046:
783:
747:
735:
475:
259:
230:
161:
99:
2904:
5248:
5203:
3965:
2909:
2419:
2300:
2218:
1533:
1415:
1357:
1036:
888:
774:
Brand, Charles M. (1989). "The
Turkish element in Byzantium, eleventh-twelfth centuries".
266:), but it is not a very reliable source due to the semi-legendary nature of its material.
4259:
4152:
3039:
2860:
2330:
2324:
913:
908:
5323:
5268:
5168:
5011:
4938:
4773:
4747:
4610:
4537:
2986:
2839:
2772:
2694:
1427:
1339:
1181:
416:
409:
250:
208:
192:
137:
5394:
5188:
5086:
4503:
4486:
4118:
2894:
2061:
1657:
1403:
169:
4578:
751:
453:
officially consider 1081, the capture of Smyrna by
Tzachas, as their founding date.
5369:
5298:
5278:
4712:
4314:
3835:
3250:
2856:
1899:
1662:
1475:
1455:
1439:
1381:
1363:
1006:
991:
963:
498:, Cilt 20, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, İbrahim Horoz Basımevi, 1983,
234:
4869:
4729:
4082:
3831:
3099:
1667:
1166:
731:
5308:
5288:
5218:
5198:
4820:
4768:
4366:
4356:
3838:
3735:
3543:
3485:
3469:
3131:
3042:
2864:
2704:
2458:
2362:
2201:
2015:
2012:
1968:
1879:
1874:
1806:
1421:
1189:
1136:
1016:
948:
343:
172:
223:
Very little is known about his life, and that mostly from only one source, the
5243:
5148:
4763:
4557:
4113:
3814:
3725:
3611:
3606:
3580:
3490:
3400:
3311:
3256:
2678:
2621:
2508:
2414:
2393:
1869:
1672:
1409:
1397:
1185:
1156:
1081:
384:
311:
188:
184:
759:
5303:
5213:
4981:
3740:
3438:
3319:
3072:
3056:
2878:
2776:
2527:
2279:
2066:
2037:
2005:
1864:
1854:
1391:
1246:
1011:
918:
898:
374:
196:
180:
4880:
4351:
1199:
5263:
5253:
5228:
5163:
5158:
4955:
4381:
4377:
4336:
4306:
4279:
4172:
4045:
3730:
3667:
3616:
3495:
3374:
3359:
3315:
3294:
3168:
2820:
2819:
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the
Ottoman realm under
2737:
2709:
2699:
2647:
2409:
2389:
1987:
1859:
1761:
1637:
1485:
1465:
1445:
1433:
1266:
394:
368:
319:
17:
5233:
4997:
4976:
4885:
4875:
4863:
4778:
4371:
4225:
4209:
4103:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3744:
3709:
3354:
3333:
3199:
3189:
2919:
2570:
2554:
2264:
2259:
1777:
1351:
1317:
1306:
1295:
943:
795:
351:
307:
255:
225:
381:
5153:
4847:
4733:
4461:
4385:
4341:
3384:
3369:
3194:
2924:
2899:
2575:
2284:
2274:
2254:
2233:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2045:
2041:
1889:
1884:
1782:
1312:
927:
523:
Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, Ca. 1040-1130
382:
378:
366:
347:
331:
315:
303:
285:
204:
176:
104:
4346:
1894:
787:
4605:
4589:
4361:
4310:
3880:
3601:
3364:
3349:
3329:
3204:
2914:
2788:
2714:
2674:
2269:
2249:
2228:
1833:
1787:
1300:
1290:
1270:
355:
327:
323:
125:
841:
373:) and seeking to conclude an alliance against Alexios I with the
5143:
2091:
1612:
5101:
4936:
4818:
4710:
4555:
4438:
4277:
4170:
4043:
3812:
3665:
3541:
3436:
3292:
3129:
3016:
2837:
2645:
2525:
2360:
2199:
1985:
1804:
1732:
1719:
1203:
845:
3885:
704:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 2134.
488:Çaka: Orta Zamanda İzmir ve Yakınındaki Adaların Türk Hakimi
175:
military commander who ruled an independent state based in
393:, were sent against Tzachas, and attacked the fortress of
207:, while in the next year he was slain by his son-in-law
2771:
First period of incorporation (by marriage) into the
482:"Çaka", prevailed especially in modern Turkey, after
183:
service, he rebelled and seized Smyrna, much of the
5337:
5136:
5020:
4990:
4894:
4856:
4787:
4756:
4619:
4598:
4512:
4496:
4395:
4323:
4234:
4218:
4127:
4091:
3894:
3757:
3718:
3628:
3589:
3504:
3478:
3393:
3342:
3213:
3177:
3086:
3065:
2979:
2938:
2887:
2759:
2724:
2687:
2584:
2563:
2492:
2467:
2433:
2402:
2293:
2242:
2162:
2133:
2110:
2054:
1961:
1908:
1842:
1770:
1650:
1605:
1589:
1582:
1521:
1505:
1326:
1283:
977:
879:
151:
121:
111:
93:
85:
81:
73:
59:
54:
34:
404:, in spring 1093, Tzachas attacked the port of
199:. In 1092, a Byzantine naval expedition under
5113:
1215:
857:
8:
3747:transferred in 1301 to Dündar Bey's brother
2980:Sinop Dynasty or Isfendiyarid Dynasty :
2457:Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik of
248:). He is also mentioned in the 13th-century
203:inflicted a heavy defeat on him and retook
5120:
5106:
5098:
4933:
4815:
4707:
4552:
4435:
4274:
4167:
4040:
3809:
3662:
3538:
3433:
3289:
3126:
3013:
2834:
2642:
2522:
2357:
2196:
1982:
1801:
1729:
1716:
1586:
1280:
1222:
1208:
1200:
864:
850:
842:
412:. Alexios I called upon the Sultan of the
40:
31:
2787:Second period of Beylik reconstituted by
694:Brand, Charles M. (1991). "Tzachas". In
666:"Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı Tarihçesi"
46:Modern representation of Tzachas in the
2499:Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?)
1513:Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
543:
514:
467:
2111:Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty:
474:"Tzachas" is the Hellenized form of a
725:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
652:
635:
618:
601:
584:
567:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
7:
2970:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha the Second
2474:Mengücekli Davud Shah (1142- ?)
521:Alexander Daniel Beihammer, (2017),
3783:Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey
701:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
338:was sent against him, but Tzachas
25:
3992:(1398–1399, 1402–1420, 1421–1423)
3524:Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the Second
2134:Mardin Dynasty or Ilgazi Dynasty:
1688:Ikhtiyar al-Din Hasan ibn Ghafras
719:Dawes, Elizabeth A., ed. (1928).
361:In 1090/91, the Byzantines under
5129:States in late medieval Anatolia
5080:
4991:Important centers and extension:
4857:Important centers and extension:
4757:Important centers and extension:
4599:Important centers and extension:
4497:Important centers and extension:
4219:Important centers and extension:
4092:Important centers and extension:
3795:Hamidoğlu Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey
3719:Important centers and extension:
3590:Important centers and extension:
3479:Important centers and extension:
3343:Important centers and extension:
3178:Important centers and extension:
3066:Important centers and extension:
2888:Important centers and extension:
2688:Important centers and extension:
2564:Important centers and extension:
2403:Important centers and extension:
2243:Important centers and extension:
2055:Important centers and extension:
1843:Important centers and extension:
1771:Important centers and extension:
738:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
5431:11th-century military personnel
4324:Important centers and extension
3765:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
3700:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
1284:Important centers and extension
752:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27581
421:
279:
243:
5436:11th-century murdered monarchs
3789:Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin Ilyas Bey
3636:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
3571:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
746:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
1:
5421:Generals of the Seljuk Empire
3777:Hamidoğlu Necmeddin Ishak Bey
1597:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
1077:Muzaffer al-Din Yavlak Arslan
431:
296:
212:
63:
383:
367:
318:(except for the fortress of
286:
5350:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
3106:Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan
2859:, commander descended from
152:
5457:
1545:Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)
1540:Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)
334:. A Byzantine fleet under
275:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
27:Turkish military commander
5075:
4946:
4932:
4828:
4814:
4720:
4706:
4565:
4551:
4448:
4434:
4287:
4273:
4180:
4166:
4053:
4039:
3822:
3808:
3675:
3661:
3551:
3537:
3446:
3432:
3302:
3288:
3245:Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey
3139:
3125:
3026:
3012:
2946:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha
2847:
2833:
2655:
2641:
2535:
2521:
2468:Erzincan and Kemah Branch
2370:
2356:
2209:
2195:
1995:
1981:
1814:
1800:
1742:
1728:
1715:
1279:
1237:
1175:
141:
39:
3688:, frontier rulers under
3648:Germiyanlı Süleyman Shah
3314:, brother-in-law of the
2867:in the imperial army of
1562:Battle of Iconium (1190)
302:on, he used his base at
195:in conjunction with the
4913:Muzafferuddin Ishak Bey
4795:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
4738:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
4730:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
4538:Pervâneoğlu Gazi Çelebi
4466:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
3690:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
3597:Kula (District), Manisa
3460:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
3318:governor for Anatolia,
3047:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
2869:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
2484:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
2482:Incorporation into the
1556:Battle of Myriokephalon
1231:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
1057:Alaattin Ali of Karaman
480:modern Turkish alphabet
414:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
168:), was an 11th-century
5052:Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey
4675:Giyas al-Din Halil Bey
4526:Pervâneoğlu Mehmed Bey
4458:Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî
3850:Kerimeddin Karaman Bey
3512:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
3456:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
3407:Giyath al-Din Muhammad
3269:Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey
3227:Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey
2952:Candaroğlu Ibrahim Bey
2857:Şemseddin Yaman Candar
2628:Melikshah bin Muhammed
1550:Battle of Mount Cadmus
1522:Wars and major battles
954:Husam al-Din Timurtash
744:Encyclopaedia of Islam
730:Mallett, Alex (2013).
363:Constantine Dalassenos
263:
237:, daughter of Emperor
165:
5411:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
5375:Philaretos Brachamios
4532:Pervâneoğlu Mesud Bey
4026:Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey
3642:Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey
3419:Mehmed Bey the Second
3239:Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey
2999:Kemaleddin Ismail Bey
1952:Muhammed bin Begtimur
1703:Shams al-Din Isfahani
1678:Shams al-Din Altınapa
1633:Karim al-Din Aqsarayi
1529:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
1092:Ibrahim II of Karaman
980:(13th–15th centuries)
882:(11th–12th centuries)
776:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
441:recaptured the city.
340:defeated it in battle
48:Istanbul Naval Museum
4797:(1275–1288) and sons
4063:Melik Danişmend Gazi
4014:Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed
3990:Sultanzâde Mehmet II
3984:Nasreddin Mehmed Bey
3938:Alâeddin Halil Mirza
3518:Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey
3275:Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey
3221:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
3159:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
3112:Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey
3094:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
3036:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
2993:Taceddin Ibrahim Bey
2805:İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey
2732:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
2665:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
2507:Beylik destroyed by
2447:Mengücekli Ishak Bey
2124:Sökmenli Ibrahim Bey
2118:Müinüddin Sökmen Bey
2027:Muinüddin Sökmen Bey
1698:Mu'in al-Din Parwana
1651:Other notable people
1606:Writers and scholars
1142:İlyas Bey of Saruhan
1117:Yakup II of Germiyan
1112:Süleyman of Germiyan
1102:Pir Ahmet of Karaman
1087:Bengi Ali of Karaman
1072:Mehmet II of Karaman
1062:Şemseddin of Karaman
1042:Ibrahim I of Karaman
638:, pp. 219–220).
621:, pp. 214–217).
604:, pp. 183–187).
486:used it in his work
451:Turkish Naval Forces
336:Niketas Kastamonites
5416:Medieval Aegean Sea
5365:Knights Hospitaller
5360:Empire of Trebizond
5034:Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey
4908:Fahreddin Ilyas Bey
4254:Inançoğlu Ishak Bey
3944:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
3932:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
3771:Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey
2958:Candaroğlu Adil Bey
2744:Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey
2717:(between 1336–1344)
2616:Nâsırüddin Muhammed
2598:Ali bin Ebu'l-Kâsım
2147:Hüsameddin Timurtaş
2101:temporarily in 1117
1628:Siraj al-Din Urmavi
1178:Seljuks of Anatolia
1152:Bozkurt of Dulkadir
1067:Süleyman of Karaman
1022:Mehmet I of Karaman
987:Husam al-Din Choban
959:Rukn al-Dawla Da'ud
5426:Byzantine usurpers
5239:Kadi Burhan al-Din
5058:Tekeoğlu Osman Bey
5040:Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey
5028:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
4967:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
4309:castle and nearby
4190:Germiyanlı Ali Bey
3996:Bengi Alâeddin Ali
3972:Seyfeddin Süleyman
3902:Kerîmeddin Karaman
3749:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
3684:Hamid and his son
2964:Celaleddin Bayezid
2799:Aydınoğlu Umur Bey
2793:Aydınoğlu Musa Bey
2343:Nasreddin Muhammed
2036:Three branches in
2004:Eksük and his son
1940:Seyfeddin Begtimur
1922:Ibrahim bin Sökmen
1623:Fakhr al-Din Iraqi
1573:Battle of Elbistan
1567:Battle of Köse Dağ
1162:Kadi Burhan al-Din
997:Celaleddin Bayezid
734:. In Fleet, Kate;
696:Kazhdan, Alexander
672:on 24 January 2021
490:, Istanbul, 1936,
239:Alexios I Komnenos
5388:
5387:
5095:
5094:
5087:Turkey portal
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5046:Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey
5006:between 1361–1373
5004:Kingdom of Cyprus
4928:
4927:
4810:
4809:
4702:
4701:
4547:
4546:
4430:
4429:
4388:between 1300–1314
4269:
4268:
4162:
4161:
4035:
4034:
3804:
3803:
3657:
3656:
3619:between 1300–1368
3561:Kerimüddin Alişir
3533:
3532:
3428:
3427:
3284:
3283:
3121:
3120:
3038:, commander from
3008:
3007:
2829:
2828:
2750:Aydınoğlu Isa Bey
2637:
2636:
2517:
2516:
2352:
2351:
2191:
2190:
2182:Sökmen the Second
2176:Nureddin Muhammed
1977:
1976:
1934:Sökmen the Second
1928:Ahmed bin Ibrahim
1796:
1795:
1722:Anatolian beyliks
1711:
1710:
1693:Manuel Maurozomes
1683:Sa'd al-Din Köpek
1646:
1645:
1618:Haji Bektash Veli
1197:
1196:
1147:Mesut of Menteshe
1032:Mahmut of Karaman
1027:Güneri of Karaman
924:Melike Mama Hatun
904:Melik Mehmed Gazi
484:Akdes Nimet Kurat
400:According to the
288:protonobelissimos
269:According to the
156:), also known as
150:
131:
130:
16:(Redirected from
5448:
5355:Empire of Nicaea
5345:Byzantine Empire
5338:Christian states
5294:Sultanate of Rum
5122:
5115:
5108:
5099:
5085:
5084:
5083:
4934:
4816:
4708:
4553:
4520:Süleyman Pervâne
4477:Süleyman Pervâne
4436:
4275:
4250:(~1314 - ?)
4168:
4041:
4008:Sultanzâde Ishak
3966:Burhaneddin Musa
3920:Bedreddin Mahmut
3810:
3663:
3539:
3458:, regent to the
3434:
3413:Alâeddin Ali Bey
3290:
3127:
3014:
2835:
2643:
2523:
2358:
2307:Gazi Gümüshtigin
2197:
2141:Necmeddin Ilgazi
1983:
1962:Important works:
1802:
1730:
1717:
1587:
1376:Kilij Arslan III
1281:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1201:
1107:Kasım of Karaman
1097:Ishak of Karaman
1052:Ahmet of Karaman
1047:Halil of Karaman
939:Sökmen ibn Artuq
894:Gazi Gümüshtigin
866:
859:
852:
843:
838:
825:
824:. Athens: 51–66.
812:
799:
763:
726:
715:
682:
681:
679:
677:
662:
656:
645:
639:
628:
622:
611:
605:
594:
588:
577:
571:
565:
546:
541:
526:
519:
503:
472:
436:
433:
425:
424: 1092–1107
423:
388:
372:
310:and the eastern
301:
298:
291:
283:
282: 1078–1081
281:
247:
246: 1081–1118
245:
214:
179:. Originally in
155:
145:
143:
100:Sultanate of Rum
68:
65:
44:
32:
21:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5406:Medieval Smyrna
5391:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5380:Zaccaria family
5333:
5132:
5126:
5096:
5091:
5081:
5079:
5063:
5054:(~1360 - ~1375)
5016:
4986:
4942:
4924:
4890:
4852:
4824:
4806:
4801:Nusreddin Ahmed
4783:
4752:
4716:
4698:
4615:
4594:
4561:
4543:
4508:
4492:
4489:
4444:
4426:
4423:(~1340 - ~1360)
4417:(~1320 - ~1340)
4411:(~1282 - ~1320)
4405:(~1261 - ~1282)
4391:
4319:
4283:
4265:
4244:(~1300 - ~1314)
4230:
4214:
4176:
4158:
4123:
4087:
4049:
4031:
3954:Fahreddin Ahmed
3890:
3818:
3800:
3753:
3714:
3671:
3653:
3624:
3617:Beylik of Lâdik
3585:
3547:
3529:
3500:
3474:
3442:
3424:
3389:
3338:
3298:
3280:
3209:
3173:
3135:
3117:
3096:(1309 - ?)
3082:
3061:
3022:
3004:
2975:
2934:
2883:
2843:
2825:
2779:the Thunderbolt
2755:
2720:
2683:
2651:
2633:
2610:Izzeddin Saltuk
2580:
2559:
2531:
2513:
2488:
2463:
2429:
2398:
2366:
2348:
2301:Danishmend Gazi
2289:
2238:
2219:Danishmend Gazi
2205:
2187:
2163:Harput Dynasty:
2158:
2129:
2106:
2050:
1991:
1973:
1957:
1916:Sökmen el Kutbi
1904:
1838:
1824:Sökmen el Kutbi
1810:
1792:
1766:
1738:
1724:
1707:
1642:
1601:
1578:
1534:Siege of Nicaea
1517:
1501:
1416:Kilij Arslan IV
1370:Süleymanshah II
1358:Kilij Arslan II
1322:
1275:
1233:
1228:
1198:
1193:
1171:
1132:Junayd of Aydın
1122:Dündar of Hamid
1037:Musa of Karaman
979:
973:
934:Sökmen el-Kutbî
889:Danishmend Gazi
881:
875:
870:
828:
815:
811:. Athens: 9–24.
802:
788:10.2307/1291603
773:
770:
768:Further reading
740:Rowson, Everett
729:
718:
712:
693:
690:
685:
675:
673:
664:
663:
659:
646:
642:
629:
625:
612:
608:
595:
591:
587:, p. 183).
578:
574:
570:, p. 2134.
566:
549:
542:
529:
520:
516:
512:
507:
506:
473:
469:
464:
459:
447:
434:
420:
299:
278:
242:
221:
102:
98:
66:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5454:
5452:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5393:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5269:Ottoman Empire
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5169:Candaroğulları
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5102:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5031:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5012:Teke Peninsula
5009:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4937:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4905:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4798:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4748:Afyonkarahisar
4745:
4743:
4740:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4711:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4654:
4648:
4642:
4636:
4630:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4556:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4523:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4439:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4332:Muğla Province
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4278:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4171:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4044:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3868:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3813:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3666:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3542:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3437:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3380:Şebinkarahisar
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3293:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:Hasan Dulkadir
3146:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3017:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2987:Isfendiyar Bey
2983:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2948:(1309 - ~1340)
2942:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2840:Candaroğulları
2838:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2809:with intervals
2802:
2796:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2773:Ottoman Empire
2769:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2604:Ziyâüddin Gazi
2601:
2600:(1102 - ~1124)
2595:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:Divriği Branch
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2425:Şebinkarahisar
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1428:Kaykhusraw III
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1340:Kilij Arslan I
1337:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1182:Ottoman Empire
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:İsfendiyar Bey
999:
994:
989:
983:
981:
975:
974:
972:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
885:
883:
877:
876:
873:Anatolian Beys
871:
869:
868:
861:
854:
846:
840:
839:
826:
813:
800:
769:
766:
765:
764:
736:Krämer, Gudrun
727:
716:
710:
689:
686:
684:
683:
657:
655:, p. 281)
647:Anna Komnene.
640:
630:Anna Komnene.
623:
613:Anna Komnene.
606:
596:Anna Komnene.
589:
579:Anna Komnene.
572:
547:
527:
513:
511:
508:
505:
504:
466:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
446:
443:
417:Kilij Arslan I
410:Sea of Marmara
251:Danishmendname
220:
217:
209:Kilij Arslan I
193:Constantinople
187:coastlands of
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5453:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5189:Danishmendids
5187:
5185:
5184:Çubukoğulları
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:Muslim states
5135:
5130:
5123:
5118:
5116:
5111:
5109:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5088:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:, later also
4312:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:successively
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3277:(1507- ~1525)
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3134:(1348- ~1525)
3133:
3128:
3124:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:, later also
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2153:Necmeddin Alp
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1737:(1081 - 1092)
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:Gevher Nesibe
1656:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1492:) (1303–1307)
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:) (1301–1303)
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:) (1294–1301)
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:) (1293–1294)
1461:
1457:
1454:
1452:) (1284–1293)
1451:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:Kaykhusraw II
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1388:) (1205–1211)
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
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1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
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1187:
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1168:
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1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:Umur of Aydın
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
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1078:
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1035:
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1023:
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1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
978:Second period
976:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
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922:
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917:
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905:
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900:
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895:
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890:
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886:
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874:
867:
862:
860:
855:
853:
848:
847:
844:
836:
832:
827:
823:
819:
818:Χιακά Χρονικά
814:
810:
806:
805:Χιακά Χρονικά
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
771:
767:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
724:
723:
717:
713:
711:0-19-504652-8
707:
703:
702:
697:
692:
691:
687:
671:
667:
661:
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650:
644:
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569:
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548:
545:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
518:
515:
509:
501:
497:
496:Tarih Dergisi
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
471:
468:
461:
456:
454:
452:
444:
442:
440:
429:
418:
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411:
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403:
398:
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387:
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371:
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364:
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333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
293:
290:
289:
276:
272:
267:
265:
264:Çavuldur Çaka
261:
257:
253:
252:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:
218:
216:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
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178:
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159:
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148:
139:
135:
127:
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120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
101:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
62:
58:
55:Bey of Smyrna
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5401:1090s deaths
5370:Latin Empire
5328:
5299:Sahib Ataids
5279:Qara Qoyunlu
5131:(after 1071)
5060:(~1375–1390)
5042:(? - ?)
5002:lost to the
5001:
4713:Sahib Ataids
4665:(? - ?)
4659:(? - ?)
4403:Menteshe Bey
4376:temporarily
4330:present-day
4297:Menteshe Bey
4282:(~1261–1424)
4260:Süleyman Bey
4248:Murad Arslan
4175:(~1300–1368)
4153:Süleyman Bey
3978:Alâeddin Ali
3947:
3817:(~1250–1487)
3791:(? - ?)
3785:(? - ?)
3779:(? - ?)
3767:(~1280–1324)
3670:(~1280–1374)
3615:
3251:Melik Arslan
3108:(? - ?)
3102:(? - ?)
3045:clan of the
2928:
2842:(~1300–1461)
2808:
2746:(? - ?)
2606:(~1124–1132)
2441:Mengücek Bey
2380:Mengücek Bey
2337:Melik Ismail
2325:Melik Zünnun
2319:Melik Mehmed
2184:(? - ?)
2178:(? - ?)
2100:
1930:(? - ?)
1924:(? - ?)
1751:
1734:
1663:Gurju Khatun
1489:
1479:
1476:Kayqubad III
1469:
1459:
1456:Kayqubad III
1449:
1440:Kayqubad III
1385:
1382:Kaykhusraw I
1364:Kaykhusraw I
1007:Gazi Chelebi
992:Yaman Candar
968:
964:Togan Arslan
914:Melik Zünnun
880:First period
834:
830:
821:
820:(in Greek).
817:
808:
807:(in Greek).
804:
779:
775:
743:
721:
699:
674:. Retrieved
670:the original
660:
648:
643:
631:
626:
614:
609:
597:
592:
580:
575:
544:Mallett 2013
522:
517:
495:
491:
487:
470:
448:
401:
399:
360:
294:
270:
268:
249:
235:Anna Komnene
224:
222:
157:
133:
132:
103:(modern-day
29:
5441:Nobilissimi
5319:Tanrıbermiş
5314:Tacettinids
5309:Sarukhanids
5289:Shah-Armens
5274:Pervâneoğlu
5259:Mengüjekids
5219:Germiyanids
5199:Dulkadirids
4941:(1301–1423)
4921:(1388–1390)
4904:(1302–1345)
4902:Saruhan Bey
4838:Saruhan Bey
4823:(1302–1410)
4821:Sarukhanids
4803:(1288–1341)
4715:(1275–1341)
4683:(1511–1516)
4677:(1490–1511)
4647:(1417–1427)
4641:(1416–1417)
4639:Ibrahim Bey
4627:Ibrahim Bey
4575:Ramazan Bey
4560:(1352–1516)
4540:(1300–1326)
4534:(1296–1300)
4528:(1277–1296)
4522:(1261–1277)
4443:(1261–1322)
4441:Pervâneoğlu
4262:(1345–1368)
4256:(? - ~1360)
4155:(1345–1360)
4149:(1328–1345)
4143:(1328–1345)
4137:(1307–1328)
4048:(1303–1360)
4028:(1483–1487)
4022:(1469–1483)
4016:(1464–1469)
4004:(1424–1464)
3998:(1418–1424)
3986:(1398–1399)
3980:(1357–1398)
3974:(1356–1357)
3968:(1351–1356)
3962:(1350–1351)
3956:(1349–1350)
3950:(1348–1349)
3940:(1333–1348)
3934:(1312–1333)
3928:(1308–1312)
3922:(1300–1308)
3916:(1283–1300)
3910:(1261–1283)
3904:(1256–1261)
3773:(1324–1330)
3650:(1361–1387)
3644:(1340–1361)
3638:(1300–1340)
3546:(1300–1429)
3544:Germiyanids
3526:(1320–1326)
3520:(1302–1320)
3514:(1288–1302)
3441:(1288–1326)
3421:(1380–1381)
3415:(1365–1380)
3409:(1352–1365)
3403:(1328–1352)
3297:(1328–1381)
3271:(1492–1507)
3247:(1443–1454)
3241:(1396–1443)
3235:(1386–1396)
3229:(1348–1386)
3223:(1348–1348)
3132:Dulkadirids
3021:(1227–1309)
3001:(1443–1461)
2995:(1440–1443)
2989:(1385–1440)
2972:(1384–1392)
2966:(1361–1385)
2960:(1340–1361)
2954:(1340–1345)
2929:temporarily
2865:Oghuz Turks
2807:(1405–1425
2801:(1403–1405)
2795:(1402–1403)
2740:(1334–1348)
2734:(1307–1334)
2715:Sakız/Chios
2650:(1307–1425)
2630:(1200–1202)
2624:(1191–1200)
2618:(1168–1191)
2612:(1132–1168)
2594:(1072–1102)
2530:(1072–1202)
2459:Danishmends
2449:(1118–1120)
2443:(1071–1118)
2365:(1071–1277)
2363:Mengujekids
2345:(1175-1178)
2339:(1164–1175)
2333:(1143–1164)
2327:(1142–1143)
2321:(1134–1142)
2315:(1104–1134)
2309:(1084–1104)
2303:(1071–1084)
2204:(1071–1178)
2202:Danishmends
2172:(1112–1124)
2155:(1154–1176)
2149:(1122–1154)
2143:(1106–1122)
2126:(1104–1131)
2120:(1102–1104)
1969:Ahlat Tombs
1954:(1185–1207)
1948:(1193–1197)
1942:(1185–1193)
1936:(1128–1185)
1918:(1100–1112)
1809:(1100–1207)
1807:Shah-Armens
1436:(1282–1284)
1430:(1265–1282)
1424:(1249–1257)
1422:Kayqubad II
1418:(1248–1265)
1412:(1246–1260)
1406:(1237–1246)
1400:(1220–1237)
1394:(1211–1220)
1378:(1204–1205)
1372:(1196–1204)
1366:(1192–1196)
1360:(1156–1192)
1354:(1116–1156)
1348:(1107–1116)
1342:(1092–1107)
1336:(1077–1086)
1190:Karakoyunlu
1137:Saruhan Bey
1017:Karaman Bey
949:Belek Ghazi
722:The Alexiad
449:The modern
439:John Doukas
435: 1097
391:John Doukas
344:Rhapsomates
314:islands of
300: 1088
201:John Doukas
77:Unnamed son
67: 1081
5395:Categories
5284:Ramadanids
5244:Karamanids
5194:Dilmachids
5149:Aq Qoyunlu
4919:Hızır Shah
4681:Hahmud Bey
4663:Dündar Bey
4651:Mehmed Bey
4581:Oghuz clan
4558:Ramadanids
4382:Güzelhisar
4135:Karesi Bey
4073:Karesi Bey
4002:Ibrahim II
3815:Karamanids
3797:(? - 1391)
3612:Yenicekent
3607:Yenicekent
3401:Eretna Bey
3312:Eretna Bey
3257:Shah Budak
3114:(? - 1309)
2863:branch of
2622:Mama Hatun
2592:Saltuk Bey
2545:Saltuk Bey
2062:Diyarbakır
1673:Baba Ishak
1506:Chronology
1410:Kaykaus II
1398:Kayqubad I
1334:Suleyman I
1257:Suleyman I
1157:Shah Budak
1082:Mahmud Bey
837:: 122–134.
732:"Çaka Bey"
676:8 February
653:Dawes 1928
636:Dawes 1928
619:Dawes 1928
602:Dawes 1928
585:Dawes 1928
568:Brand 1991
510:References
385:megas doux
189:Asia Minor
117:Ayşe Hatun
5304:Saltukids
5214:Eshrefids
5179:Chobanids
4982:Korkuteli
4956:Hamidoğlu
4950:Ancestors
4870:Kemalpaşa
4693:Kubad Bey
4687:Selim Bey
4657:Eyluk Bey
4645:Hamza Bey
4633:Ahmed Bey
4242:Inanç Bey
4200:Inanç Bey
4147:Yahşı Han
4141:Demir Han
4083:Balıkesir
3960:Şemseddin
3948:2nd reign
3926:Yahşı Han
3832:Nure Sûfi
3741:Korkuteli
3686:Ilyas Bey
3679:Ancestors
3439:Eshrefids
3320:Timurtash
3100:Alp Yürek
3073:Kastamonu
3057:Kastamonu
3019:Chobanids
2879:Kastamonu
2789:Tamerlane
2782:1402–1414
2777:Bayezid I
2528:Saltukids
2452:1120–1142
2331:Yağıbasan
2313:Emir Gazi
2280:Kastamonu
2170:Belek Bey
2067:Hasankeyf
2038:Hasankeyf
1999:Ancestors
1990:(1102 - )
1865:Adilcevaz
1855:Malazgirt
1668:Sâhib Ata
1496:Mesud III
1490:4th reign
1480:3rd reign
1470:3rd reign
1460:2nd reign
1450:2nd reign
1392:Kaykaus I
1386:2nd reign
1346:Melikshah
1247:Qutalmish
1186:Akkoyunlu
1167:Alp Yürek
1012:Nure Sofi
919:Saltuk II
909:Yağıbasan
899:Emir Gazi
831:Byzantion
760:1873-9830
600:, VII.8 (
583:, VII.8 (
462:Footnotes
375:Pechenegs
256:Chavuldur
233:princess
231:Byzantine
197:Pechenegs
181:Byzantine
158:Chaka Bey
147:romanized
74:Successor
18:Chaka Bey
5264:Menteshe
5249:Karasids
5229:Hamidids
5224:Hacıemir
5209:Erzincan
5204:Eretnids
5164:Aydinids
5159:Artuqids
5036:(?-1327)
5030:(1301-?)
5021:Dynasty:
4971:Capitals
4774:Sandıklı
4769:Beyşehir
4695:(1517-?)
4671:(?-1490)
4669:Omer Bey
4653:(1427-?)
4635:(?-1416)
4629:(1344-?)
4620:Dynasty:
4584:Capitals
4513:Dynasty:
4452:Ancestor
4396:Dynasty:
4367:Bozdoğan
4357:Acıpayam
4301:Capitals
4280:Menteshe
4235:Dynasty:
4184:Ancestor
4128:Dynasty:
4099:Aydıncık
4057:Ancestor
4046:Karasids
3908:Mehmet I
3895:Dynasty:
3854:Capitals
3826:Ancestor
3758:Dynasty:
3736:Gölhisar
3731:Uluborlu
3668:Hamidids
3629:Dynasty:
3555:Ancestor
3505:Dynasty:
3496:Bolvadin
3486:Beyşehir
3470:Beyşehir
3394:Dynasty:
3375:Erzincan
3332:, later
3316:Ilkhanid
3295:Eretnids
3263:Şahsuvar
3259:(?-1492)
3233:Sûli Bey
3214:Dynasty:
3169:Elbistan
3143:Ancestor
3087:Dynasty:
3078:Taşköprü
2939:Dynasty:
2821:Murad II
2752:(- 1390)
2738:Umur Beg
2725:Dynasty:
2705:Alaşehir
2677:, later
2669:Capitals
2648:Aydinids
2585:Dynasty:
2434:Dynasty:
2410:Erzincan
2390:Erzincan
2384:Capitals
2294:Dynasty:
2223:Capitals
2031:Capitals
1988:Artuqids
1946:Aksungur
1909:Dynasty:
1875:Eleşkirt
1638:Ibn Bibi
1486:Mesud II
1466:Mesud II
1446:Mesud II
1434:Mesud II
1241:Ancestor
1192:excluded
782:: 1–25.
742:(eds.).
651:, XI.5 (
634:, IX.3 (
617:, IX.1 (
525:, p. 272
457:See also
395:Mytilene
369:basileus
320:Methymna
258:Chaka' (
166:Çaka Bey
122:Religion
5329:Tzachas
5234:Inalids
4998:Antalya
4977:Antalya
4961:Founder
4958:dynasty
4915:(-1388)
4895:Dynasty
4886:Menemen
4876:Akhisar
4864:Demirci
4842:Capital
4832:Founder
4788:Dynasty
4779:Denizli
4764:Akşehir
4742:Capital
4736:of the
4724:Founder
4579:Yüreğir
4569:Founder
4481:Capital
4471:Founder
4464:of the
4421:Ibrahim
4384:, also
4291:Founder
4226:Denizli
4210:Denizli
4204:Capital
4194:Founder
4114:Bigadiç
4109:Edremit
4104:Bergama
4077:Capital
4067:Founder
3875:Karaman
3871:Larende
3866:Ermenek
3844:Founder
3745:Antalya
3726:Eğirdir
3710:Isparta
3704:Capital
3694:Founder
3581:Kütahya
3575:Capital
3565:Founder
3491:Akşehir
3464:Capital
3450:Founder
3355:Kayseri
3334:Kayseri
3324:Capital
3306:Founder
3200:Kayseri
3190:Malatya
3163:Capital
3153:Founder
3051:Capital
3030:Founder
2910:Kalecik
2905:Çankırı
2873:Capital
2851:Founder
2679:Ayasluğ
2659:Founder
2571:Erzurum
2555:Erzurum
2549:Capital
2539:Founder
2415:Divriği
2394:Divriği
2374:Founder
2265:Kayseri
2260:Malatya
2213:Founder
2021:Founder
2016:Türkmen
2008:, from
1870:Başkale
1828:Capital
1818:Founder
1778:Ephesus
1756:Capital
1752:Tzachas
1746:Founder
1735:Tzachas
1583:Culture
1352:Mesud I
1327:Dynasty
1318:Antalya
1307:Malatya
1296:Kayseri
1269:, then
1261:Capital
1251:Founder
969:Tzachas
944:Ilghazi
796:1291603
698:(ed.).
688:Sources
649:Alexiad
632:Alexiad
615:Alexiad
598:Alexiad
581:Alexiad
476:Turkish
408:in the
402:Alexiad
352:Karykes
308:Phocaea
271:Alexiad
260:Turkish
229:of the
226:Alexiad
173:Turkish
162:Turkish
153:Tzachás
149::
134:Tzachas
89:Unknown
35:Tzachas
5154:Alaiye
4881:Gördes
4848:Manisa
4734:vizier
4611:Tarsus
4462:vizier
4386:Rhodes
4352:Çameli
4342:Finike
4010:(1464)
3914:Güneri
3861:Ereğli
3836:Afshar
3385:Niksar
3370:Amasya
3195:Harput
2925:Samsun
2900:Eflani
2775:under
2760:Events
2576:Tercan
2285:Ankara
2275:Amasya
2255:Niksar
2234:Niksar
2097:Aleppo
2087:Harput
2082:Midyat
2077:Mardin
2072:Silvan
2046:Harput
2042:Mardin
1890:Bitlis
1885:Tatvan
1850:Silvan
1783:Lesbos
1762:İzmir
1575:(1277)
1569:(1243)
1558:(1176)
1552:(1148)
1536:(1097)
1498:(1307)
1442:(1284)
1313:Alanya
1309:(1178)
1303:(1175)
928:khatun
794:
758:
708:
500:p. 56.
445:Legacy
428:Abydos
406:Abydos
379:Thrace
350:, and
348:Cyprus
332:Rhodes
316:Lesbos
312:Aegean
304:Smyrna
215:1097.
205:Lesbos
185:Aegean
177:Smyrna
170:Seljuk
142:Τζαχᾶς
105:Turkey
69:‒ 1093
5254:Ladik
5174:Canik
5048:(?-?)
4868:Nif (
4689:(?-?)
4606:Adana
4590:Adana
4577:from
4504:Sinop
4487:Sinop
4415:Orhan
4409:Mesut
4378:Aydın
4362:Tavas
4337:Muğla
4315:Balat
4311:Milas
4307:Beçin
4173:Ladik
4119:Ezine
4020:Kasım
3881:Konya
3839:Oghuz
3834:from
3602:Simav
3365:Tokat
3360:Niğde
3350:Sivas
3330:Sivas
3265:(?-?)
3253:(?-?)
3205:Antep
3185:Maraş
3043:Oghuz
2915:Tosya
2895:Sinop
2710:Aydın
2700:İzmir
2675:Birgi
2509:Abaka
2420:Kemah
2270:Tokat
2250:Sivas
2229:Sivas
2013:Oghuz
2010:Döğer
2006:Artuk
1860:Erciş
1834:Ahlat
1788:Chios
1301:Sivas
1291:Konya
1271:Konya
1267:İznik
792:JSTOR
356:Crete
328:Chios
324:Samos
295:From
138:Greek
126:Islam
113:Issue
60:Reign
5324:Teke
5144:Ahis
4939:Teke
4380:and
4372:Çine
3841:clan
3743:and
3040:Kayı
2920:Araç
2861:Kayı
2814:1425
2766:1390
2695:Tire
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