237:, establishing a camp on the heights overlooking Kyrenia. Instead of using the momentum in his favor he parleyed with Doukas. A number of rebel soldiers defected to the Byzantine army. Eventually Rhapsomates decided to launch an assault on his opponents. During the course of the battle a unit of approximately 100 rebel lancers changed sides instead of charging the enemy. Rhapsomates then attempted to flee to
158:
88:
and refers to the nickname of Turkic people who migrated to the area. The given name of the rebel leader is not known. A Basil
Rhapsomates is known from a seal dated to the 12th century. It is just possible that this Basil was the same person as the rebel leader. There was an
249:) where he was arrested by Boutoumites, who promised not to execute him. Anna Komnene does not record how long the resistance lasted before Rhapsomates was captured. Traditional estimates put the suppression of the revolt at early 1093, however it may have lasted until 1094.
165:
The reasons behind the revolt remain unknown. According to
Cypriot historian Costas Kyrris the revolt was provoked by heavy taxation and frustration over pirate raids, but this theory is not supported by primary sources. Rhapsomates' revolt was contemporary with that of
122:
Rhapsomates held office on Cyprus before the revolt, but which office is unknown. It does not appear to have been a military one, since he is described as having never held a sword or rode a horse. His lack of military prowess may have been purposefully exaggerated by
279:
and sent a large garrison to thwart any invasion attempts by
Tzachas. Alexios endowed the governor with special taxing powers, suggesting that the revolt might have been directed at Alexios' fiscal policies. He also appointed a certain Kalliparios to fiscal
228:
The continuation of the revolt led Doukas to land his troops on the island, in what would become a protracted campaign. Manuel
Boutoumites was among Doukas' generals. The campaign began in the spring of 1093, with a swift capture of the port of
149:(military governor) of Cyprus. The absence of a catepan in the surviving narratives of the revolt is difficult to explain, but the office may have been temporarily vacant or the catepan may have been an early victim of the revolt.
257:
Rhapsomates and the
Immortals involved in the rising were taken to Constantinople. Their units were disbanded and the soldiers were redistributed to other formations. Rhapsomates's life was probably spared. British historian
55:
in the early 1090s. Nothing is known about his life prior to the revolt apart from the fact that he served as an official in the region. The motivation behind its outbreak remains a matter of conjecture.
84:
No historical record survives of
Rhapsomates' origins or his life prior to the revolt. Rhapsomates meaning stitched eyes is the name of an obscure family. The family name originates in 11th century
133:
in Cyprus during the 1080s. The two might have been friends and
Boutoumites, acted in this manner to soften Rhapsomates' punishment after the revolt. He was most probably a judge (
794:
186:, during which he noted the outbreak of revolts in Crete and Cyprus. Both took place while the central government was occupied in wars with the
789:
573:
205:
faced much greater resistance on Cyprus. The island's military establishment supported
Rhapsomates, including all or a large part of the
749:
Savvides, Alexis (2000). "Can We Refer to a
Concerted Action among Rapsomates, Caryces and the Emir Tzachas between AD 1091 and 1093?".
732:
707:
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666:
596:
723:
657:
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212:
290:) office. A flurry of construction on the island in the 1090s may be linked to the crushing of Rhapsomates' revolt.
784:
779:
609:(2004). "Challenges to Imperial Authority in Byzantium: Revolts on Crete and Cyprus at the End of the 11th C.".
201:
Although the mere arrival of the fleet of John Doukas off Crete caused the revolt of
Karykes to melt away, the
65:
266:
who was blinded around 1094 after a failed revolt, presumably then receiving the nickname stitched eyes.
246:
215:
stationed there. The revolt did not affect church property as evidenced by the donation of a valuable
135:
270:
263:
59:
Rhapsomates maintained control of the island for approximately three years. He was defeated by the
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183:
124:
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even confuses them. It broke out in late 1090 or very early 1091. In February or March 1091,
207:
100:
48:
676:
630:
Georgiou, Stavros (2008). "Eumathios Philokales as Stratopedarches of Cyprus (ca. 1092)".
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of Constantinople, in the 12th century. The main narrative sources for his revolt are
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Epiphanios Paschales to the monastery of Theotokos of Alypos in October 1091.
559:
129:
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72:. His life was probably spared. After the suppression of the rising, emperor
221:
187:
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245:. He hid in a sanctuary of the Holy Cross in a mountainous area (possibly
17:
282:
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145:(imperial estate manager). It is possible, but unlikely, that he was the
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augmented Cyprus' garrison and appointed new officials to rule over it.
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dismisses accounts of Rhapsomates' life as reality intertwined with
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Byzantine Crete: From the 5th Century to the Venetian Conquest
338:
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Wharton, Annabel Jane (1991). "Monuments of Cyprus". In
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702:. Athens: Historical Publications St. D. Basilopoulos.
568:] (in French). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne.
95:(workshop) belonging to a John Rhapsomates located in
269:
In the aftermath of the revolt, Alexios I appointed
727:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
661:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
566:Power and Contestations in Byzantium (963–1210)
161:Miniature depicting emperor Alexios I Komnenos
561:Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963–1210)
233:. Rhapsomates massed his troops and departed
8:
467:
795:11th-century Byzantine government officials
591:] (in Greek). Thessaloniki: Herodotos.
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182:delivered a scathing rebuke to the Emperor
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29:11th century Byzantine official and rebel
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363:
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651:Gregory, Timothy (1991). "Cyprus". In
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683:. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre.
724:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
658:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
25:
583:Demosthenous, Anthoullis (2002).
51:official who led a revolt in the
585:Η βυζαντινή Κύπρος (965 - 1191)
698:Tsougarakis, Dimitris (1988).
273:as governor with the title of
1:
790:1090s in the Byzantine Empire
558:Cheynet, Jean-Claude (1996).
589:Byzantine Cyprus (965–1191)
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681:Byzantine Cyprus, 491–1191
262:connects Rhapsomates with
68:and was taken captive to
44:
241:, planning to sail for
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153:Revolt and suppression
366:, no. 126, pp. 97–98.
247:Stavrovouni Monastery
160:
271:Eumathios Philokales
111:. British historian
800:11th-century rebels
482:, pp. 522–523.
458:, pp. 521–522.
345:, pp. 410–411.
264:Nikephoros Diogenes
719:Kazhdan, Alexander
653:Kazhdan, Alexander
190:in Europe and the
184:Alexios I Komnenos
163:
127:who had served as
125:Manuel Boutoumites
74:Alexios I Komnenos
575:978-2-85944-840-0
468:Demosthenous 2002
390:, pp. 78–80.
16:(Redirected from
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785:Byzantine rebels
780:Byzantine Cyprus
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617:(2): 382–402.
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533:, p. 385.
531:Frankopan 2004
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444:Frankopan 2004
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427:Frankopan 2004
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176:Michael Glykas
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552:Bibliography
543:Wharton 1991
538:
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504:Gregory 1991
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492:Metcalf 2009
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480:Metcalf 2009
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456:Metcalf 2009
451:
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403:Metcalf 2009
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376:Metcalf 2009
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364:Cheynet 1996
343:Cheynet 1996
328:Metcalf 2009
309:Metcalf 2009
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105:Anna Komnene
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638:: 167–172.
92:ergasterion
66:John Doukas
33:Rhapsomates
774:Categories
203:megas doux
117:folk tales
86:Asia Minor
80:Background
62:megas doux
37:Rapsomates
18:Rapsomates
751:Byzantion
644:0007-7712
611:Byzantion
253:Aftermath
222:magistros
213:Immortals
188:Pechenegs
49:Byzantine
45:Ῥαψομάτης
763:44172366
679:(2009).
623:44172968
283:exisotes
239:Limassol
194:of Emir
142:kourator
47:) was a
721:(ed.).
655:(ed.).
235:Nicosia
231:Kyrenia
211:of the
196:Tzachas
168:Karykes
147:catepan
761:
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642:
621:
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572:
288:krites
136:krites
99:, the
97:Galata
759:JSTOR
619:JSTOR
587:[
564:[
294:Notes
243:Syria
217:codex
208:tagma
172:Crete
139:) or
41:Greek
729:ISBN
704:ISBN
685:ISBN
663:ISBN
640:ISSN
593:ISBN
570:ISBN
130:doux
119:.
107:and
35:(or
219:by
170:on
39:) (
776::
755:70
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