58:
803:, director François Simonnet de Coulmier, a Catholic priest, employed the use of psycho-drama therapy by allowing patients to organize and act in their own plays. Coulmier was known for using this and other forms of psychotherapy rather than the inhumane treatments employed at other facilities to encourage alternative forms of expression. However, his psychodrama therapy came under fire by Esquirol and others who criticized him for employing a fruitless treatment and turning the patients into an exhibit to the public.
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27:
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765:. Initially the hospital consisted of a single house containing 5 beds. Starting September 1660 the mentally ill were required to be cared for in hospitals as per a government mandate. Care at Charenton shifted to reflect this change, prioritizing care for more privileged members of the population with mental symptoms. Demand for care grew throughout the 18th century and the Frères de la Charité acquired additional land, including the area of
82:
626:
900:
was a French physician who practiced at
Charenton. In 1822, his research using postmortem evidence concluded that general paresis of the insane, or GPI, resulted from chronic inflammation of a brain area. This challenged the established belief at the time that the mental and physical symptoms, such
953:
depicted the controversy surrounding de Sade, in which French officials criticized the asylum for giving him an elevated status though a lunatic and prisoner. These plays were considered a form of treatment thought to help cure patients by opening up new paths for expressing suppressed feelings.
806:
Despite the tendency to use more humane therapies, not all patients necessarily lived pleasant lives in the asylum. Hersilie Rouy, a thirty-nine-year old French musician, was admitted to
Charenton and complained of the subpar living conditions and "tortuous therapy" that also made women more
957:
The play has been reprised in many forms and forums. The 1967 film adaptation featured many of the original players, and utilized the long version of the play's name in its opening credits, although this was frequently shortened to
1219:
1602:
916:, and exercise at Charenton, in addition to psychotherapy. Louis-Florentin Calmeil, who succeeded Esquirol as director, also used leeching as a way to treat monomania.
692:
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1592:
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366:
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1548:
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593:
1271:
Matlock, Jann (1991). "Doubling out of the Crazy House: Gender, Autobiography, and the Insane Asylum System in
Nineteenth-Century France".
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in which de Sade directs a play featuring the inmates as actors. During his time at
Charenton, de Sade did direct plays at the facility.
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1349:
889:. At the time, many believed that with a degree of insanity came the ability to be more creative and have "access to greater truths."
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The
Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates of Charenton Under the Direction of the Marquis Sade
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Later on in the 18th century, hospitals and asylums shifted away from brutal treatments to more humane solutions, later including
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was a French operatic tenor and composer who was sent to
Charenton in 1819 until his death in 1825. The noted Belgian-born
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took over the asylum after their founding. Although the town itself was the location of the headquarters of the French
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Now merged under a new official name with the neighboring general hospital, the psychiatric hospital was known as the
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718:. He used the technique of art therapy to help patients manifest their madness through physical art forms.
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became the director of the asylum, which was named the "Maison
Nationale de Charenton" at the time.
1364:
Nitrini, Ricardo. "The Cure of One of the Most
Frequent Types of Dementia: A Historical Parallel."
1309:
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Though these treatments were controversial, they spread from
Charenton to other asylums in Europe.
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Charenton was known for its humanitarian treatment of patients, especially under its director the
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founded in 1645 by the Frères de la Charité (Brothers of
Charity) in Charenton-Saint-Maurice, now
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Anthology of French Language Psychiatric Texts – Collection Les empêcheurs de penser en rond
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as paralysis, were present before the inflammation, not as a result of a larger disease.
827:(from 1801 until his death in 1814 at the age of 74). De Sade was arrested for his works
40:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Des maladies mentales considérées sous les rapports médical, hygiénique et médico-légal
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was sent to Charenton by order of the king in 1738 and died there a few months later.
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who directed the institution in the 19th century. The 1845 structure's architect was
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217:
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De Saussure, Raymond. "Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences."
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703:. At the time, many hospitals and asylums were Catholic institutions after the
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Charenton was founded as a hospital for the poor on 13 September 1641 by the
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in the early 19th century. He showed a remarkable aptitude for understanding
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491:
1429:
White, John (1968). "History and Cruelty in Peter Weiss's "Marat/Sade"".
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also stayed there before being found and brought back into academia by
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1442:
1159:"François Simmonet de Coulmiers (1741-1818) – D51 (tombe disparue)"
1384:(in French). Vol. 2. J.-B. Baillière. pp. 159, 818, 849.
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spent the last three decades of his life there, and mathematician
56:
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after receiving a donation from SĂ©bastien Leblanc, an advisor to
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1184:
Cousin, Francois-Regis; Garrabe, Jean; Morozov, Denis (2008).
20:
1013:, a film set at Charenton and featuring Coulmier and de Sade.
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Famous prisoners were held in the Charenton asylum including
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Père-Lachaise 1804-1824 – Naissance Du Cimetière Moderne
699:
in the 1500s and 1600s, the founders of Charenton were
1220:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
780:
became the chief physician of the hospital in 1826.
904:The physician Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol used
1398:Histoire de la folie, de l'antiquité à nos jours
858:also died at the Charenton asylum, in 1842. The
807:vulnerable to mismanagement by the institution.
1338:Encyclopedia of Asylum Therapeutics, 1750-1950s
869:was interned in 1887 and again in 1890. Artist
877:died in the asylum in 1803. The mathematician
691:Charenton was first under monastic rule, then
1464:Baeza, John J.; Turvey, Brent E. (May 1999).
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8:
1104:"De Sade and The Insane Beauty of Charenton"
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1075:Medicine and Society in Early Modern Europe
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657:
643:
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1603:Hospitals established in the 17th century
693:Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul
1466:"Sadistic Behavior: A Literature Review"
1319:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
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1021:
72:
1498:
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1472:Electronic Publication. Archived from
1401:(in French). Tallandier. p. 242.
737:Établissement public de santé Esquirol
1368:. N.p., July 2005. Web. 1 March 2017.
1190:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 55.
873:died at the asylum in 1868. Composer
7:
1102:Bender, Douglas (15 November 2010).
1519:. Allbusiness.com. 20 February 2007
1223:, vol. 3, no. 3, 1948, pp. 452–452.
893:Significant Physicians of Charenton
1157:Beleyme, Marie (5 November 2016).
14:
941:, which is usually simplified to
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624:
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1593:Psychiatric hospitals in France
778:Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol
743:Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol
1287:10.1525/rep.1991.34.1.99p0054v
974:directed a cast that included
774:François Simonnet de Coulmiers
1:
1588:1645 establishments in France
1340:. Jefferson, North Carolina:
1077:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
707:and the counter reformation.
367:Industrial and organizational
1517:"Variety review of the film"
962:in publicity materials. The
842:The French Baroque composer
522:Human factors and ergonomics
1470:Knowledge Solutions Library
1236:The Marquis de Sade: A Life
898:Antoine Laurent Jessé Bayle
1619:
1431:The Modern Language Review
1378:Esquirol, Etienne (1838).
1079:Cambridge University Press
925:
1598:Hospitals in Val-de-Marne
865:died there in 1885. Poet
799:was transferred from the
297:Applied behavior analysis
34:This article needs to be
1324:University of St Andrews
1241:Harvard University Press
1233:Schaeffer, Neil (2000).
1073:Lindemann, Mary (2010).
856:JĂ©rĂ´me-Joseph de Momigny
1541:History and description
1395:Quétel, Claude (2014).
1342:McFarland & Company
1336:De Young, Mary (2015).
1132:"The Esquirol Hospital"
945:, is a play written by
767:Charenton Saint-Maurice
487:Behavioral neuroscience
142:Behavioral neuroscience
1497:Cite journal requires
1314:"Joseph Émile Barbier"
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537:Psychology of religion
477:Behavioral engineering
161:Cognitive neuroscience
127:Affective neuroscience
62:
1108:Charenton Macerations
1045:The hospital's chapel
716:Psychoanalytic theory
631:Psychology portal
60:
1564:48.81861°N 2.42972°E
1310:Robertson, Edmund F.
883:Joseph-Émile Barbier
759:Frères de la Charité
1560: /
1308:O'Connor, John J.;
795:In 1804, after the
482:Behavioral genetics
397:Occupational health
137:Behavioral genetics
68:Part of a series on
1476:on 29 January 2017
1031:Esquirol Hospital
844:Jean-Joseph Mouret
731:l'HĂ´pital Esquirol
599:Schools of thought
437:Sport and exercise
283:Applied psychology
63:
1569:48.81861; 2.42972
1138:on 7 October 2016
928:Marat/Sade (film)
875:François Devienne
817:Jean Henri Latude
723:Esquirol Hospital
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564:Counseling topics
507:Consumer behavior
248:Psycholinguistics
132:Affective science
61:Esquirol Hospital
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337:Educational
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268:Theoretical
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1523:1 February
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964:screenplay
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238:Perception
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317:Community
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1056:Notes
555:Lists
392:Music
377:Media
372:Legal
228:Moral
1525:2012
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