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to make inquiries. The two visited numerous plantations and interviewed indentured labourers, overseers and
Government officials and on their return to India also interviewed returned labourers. In their "Report on Indentured Labour in Fiji" Andrews and Pearson highlighted the ills of the indenture
496:
colonies. In 1917 Andrews made a second visit to Fiji, and although he reported some improvements, was still appalled at the moral degradation of indentured labourers. He called for an immediate end to indenture; and the system of Indian indentured labour was formally abolished in 1920.
522:
About this time Gandhi reasoned with
Andrews that it was probably best for sympathetic Britons like himself to leave the freedom struggle to Indians. So from 1935 onwards Andrews began to spend more time in Britain, teaching young people all over the country about Christ's call to
313:, where he grew close to many of his Indian colleagues and students. Increasingly dismayed by the racist behaviour and treatment of Indians by some British officials and civilians, he supported Indian political aspirations, and wrote a letter to the
562:
and one High School in
Salimpur area of south Kolkata commemorate his name. The Dinabandhu Andrews College was constituted with an aim of disseminating higher education to a huge number of children of the displaced persons from erstwhile
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Andrews wrote about Gandhi's recruitment campaign: "Personally I have never been able to reconcile this with his own conduct in other respects, and it is one of the points where I have found myself in painful disagreement."
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and identified with the Indian liberation struggle. He was instrumental in convincing Gandhi to return to India from South Africa, where Gandhi had been a leading light in the Indian civil rights struggle.
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In 1936, while on a visit to
Australia and New Zealand, Andrews was invited to and visited Fiji again. The ex-indentured labourers and their descendants wanted him to help them overcome a new type of
1099:, "S K Rudra, C F Andrews and M K Gandhi: Friendship, Dialogue and Interiority in the Question of Indian Nationalism", Economic and Political Weekly, Vol – XXXVII No. 34, 24 August 2002
213:. Charles was one of 14 children. The family had suffered financial misfortune because of the duplicity of a friend, and had to work hard to make ends meet. Andrews was a pupil at
531:, based on the initials of his name, "C.F.A". He was widely known as Gandhi's closest friend and was perhaps the only major figure to address Gandhi by his first name, Mohan.
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to visit South Africa and help the Indian community there to resolve their political disputes with the
Government. Arriving in January 1914, he met the 44-year-old
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by Gandhi, based on his initials, C. F. A. For his contributions to the Indian independence movement, Gandhi and his students at
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996:"Wonderful to see such a positive response to the announcement that Newcastle City Council will be putting up a plaque to C.F. Andrews"
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and police legislation that infringed their civil liberties. Andrews was deeply impressed with Gandhi's knowledge of
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Known for his persuasiveness, intellect and moral rectitude, Andrews was asked by senior Indian political leader
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Visvanathan, Susan.2007. Friendship, Interiority and
Mysticism: Essays in Dialogue. New Delhi:Orient BlackSwan
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plans to install a plaque at 14 Brunel
Terrace, the birthplace of Andrews, to commemorate his life.
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and a commitment to justice, through which he was attracted to struggles for justice throughout the
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newspaper in 1906 voicing these sentiments. Andrews soon became involved in the activities of the
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since university, and was interested in exploring the relationship between a commitment to the
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In 1971, India issued a commemorative postage stamp to mark the birth centenary of
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Andrews is widely commemorated and respected in India. Two undergraduate colleges of the
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The bust of C.F. Andrews over his grave, in Lower
Circular Road Christian Cemetery –
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and was responsible for finalizing some of the finer details of their interactions.
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Charles Freer
Andrews materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)
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In 1906 he stood in as principal of the Lawrence Asylum (later school) in Sanawar.
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priest and Christian missionary, educator and social reformer, and an activist for
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to "remember that Fiji belonged to the Fijians and they were there as guests."
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system; which led to the end of further transportation of Indian labour to the
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When the news reached India, through the writings of Christian missionaries
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695:(1930) republished by Starlight Paths Publishing (2007) with a foreword by
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and founded a village/ Rural Life Centre, which he called Deenabandupuram.
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arranged for Gandhi's visit to the UK. He accompanied Gandhi to the second
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In 1918 Andrews disagreed with Gandhi's attempts to recruit combatants for
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Following the advice of several Indian Congress leaders and of Principal
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In 1899, Andrews was elected as a fellow at Pembroke College, Cambridge.
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Charles Freer Andrews was born on 12 February 1871 at 14 Brunel Terrace,
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Hakim Ajmal Khan A sketch of his life and career. Madras: G. A. Natesan.
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The Relation of Christianity to the Conflict between Capital and Labour
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Mahatma Gandhi and C. F. Andrews: a study in Hindu-Christian dialogue
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Gospel, raj and swaraj: the missionary years of C. F. Andrews 1904–14
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837:"Report on indentured labour in Fiji : an independent enquiry"
227:, ultimately being awarded the Carus Greek Testament Prize in 1895
201:, United Kingdom. His father, John Edwin Andrews, was the "Angel" (
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363:) – something that Gandhi mixed with inspiration from elements of
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246:. A year later, he was made a priest and became Vice-Principal of
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19:"Charlie Andrews" redirects here. For the Heroes character, see
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323:, and he helped to resolve the 1913 cotton workers' strike in
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347:, who was leading the Indian community's efforts against the
16:
Christian missionary in India, close friend of Mahatma Gandhi
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Andrews was a major character, portrayed by British actor
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Andrews served as Gandhi's aide in his negotiations with
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Charles Andrews died on 5 April 1940, during a visit to
479:, of the mistreatment of Indian indentured labourers in
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and took over the Pembroke College Mission in south
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527:. Gandhi's affectionate nickname for Andrews was
629:Episcopal Church in the United States of America
1084:C. F. Andrews : minister of reconciliation
678:. Madras: Ganesh & Co. 1920. Archived from
667:The Renaissance in India: its Missionary Aspect
880:Lahiri, Samhita Chakraborty (9 January 2011).
424:in conversation with the poet and philosopher
1142:
1091:Gandhi and Charlie: The story of a Friendship
953:"Holy Women, Holy Men Celebrating the Saints"
122:priest, missionary, educator, social reformer
8:
1029:The Ordeal of Love: C. F. Andrews and India
2653:Academic staff of Visva-Bharati University
2153:
1149:
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826:, Open University, Retrieved 20 March 2017
38:
27:
1034:Deenabhandu Andrews Centenary Committee,
309:and arrived there to teach philosophy at
151:(12 February 1871 – 5 April 1940) was an
44:Charles Freer Andrews 1971 stamp of India
1036:Centenary Volume C. F. Andrews 1871–1971
882:"A love-hate relationship with Calcutta"
2663:Founders of Indian schools and colleges
2501:
2437:
1113:Works by or about Charles Freer Andrews
732:
2381:Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale
1433:The Story of My Experiments with Truth
903:Guha, Ramachandra (28 February 2009).
2593:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
861:Guha, Ramachandra (29 January 2008).
401:Andrews was elected President of the
7:
753:"Andrews, Charles Freer (ANDS890CF)"
475:and a returned indentured labourer,
2658:People associated with Santiniketan
2598:Alumni of Westcott House, Cambridge
2376:Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
487:in September 1915 sent Andrews and
355:and his espousal of the concept of
64:Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Northumberland
2648:Staff of Westcott House, Cambridge
1071:The Man India Loved: C. F. Andrews
1064:Charles Freer Andrews: a Narrative
772:British Newspaper Archive, London
506:, by which they were bound to the
436:in formulating the demands of the
250:Theological College in Cambridge.
171:Andrews was affectionately dubbed
14:
2280:International Day of Non-Violence
2177:National Salt Satyagraha Memorial
693:Mahatma Gandhi His Life and Works
283:Andrews had been involved in the
2623:British people in colonial India
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1551:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
1043:C. F. Andrews his life and times
215:King Edward's School, Birmingham
2346:Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai
1863:Indian currency (Gandhi Series,
994:@edanderson101 (1 March 2024).
796:, Knopf; F., 2013, pp. 505-506.
641:In 2024, it was announced that
508:Colonial Sugar Refining Company
1858:Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith
1419:Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule)
159:. He became a close friend of
1:
2673:Indian independence activists
1875:Indian 10 Rupee postage stamp
1251:Second Round Table Conference
1077:C. F. Andrews Friend of India
136:activism and friendship with
2638:English Christian socialists
1285:Gujarat Vidyapith University
1199:Indian independence movement
927:"Dinabandhu Andrews College"
540:Lower Circular Road cemetery
420:. He spent a lot of time at
263:Indian independence movement
177:St. Stephen's College, Delhi
2633:English Christian pacifists
2618:British expatriates in Fiji
2391:Mohandas Gandhi High School
1973:Leela (great-granddaughter)
1772:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
757:A Cambridge Alumni Database
623:with a Lesser Feast on the
331:With Gandhi in South Africa
185:, or "Friend of the Poor".
2689:
1893:Karamchand Gandhi (father)
1614:Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram
810:. Macmillan. p. 133.
759:. University of Cambridge.
556:Dinabandhu Andrews College
316:Civil and Military Gazette
307:Cambridge Mission to Delhi
260:
238:In 1896, Andrews became a
18:
770:"University Intelligence"
740:British Newspaper Archive
721:Delhi Brotherhood Society
529:Christ’s Faithful Apostle
207:Catholic Apostolic Church
173:Christ's Faithful Apostle
37:
2643:British social reformers
2406:Roads named after Gandhi
1722:Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri
1204:Non-cooperation movement
385:Tagore and Narayana Guru
321:Indian National Congress
21:Charlie Andrews (Heroes)
2034:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
1968:Tushar (great-grandson)
1948:Gopalkrishna (grandson)
1848:Gandhi Peace Foundation
1687:Brij Krishna Chandiwala
970:"Charles Freer Andrews"
905:"Searching for Charlie"
742:(subscription required)
708:The Sermon on the Mount
432:, and in 1933 assisted
2396:National Gandhi Museum
2371:Mahatma Gandhi College
2356:Gandhi Temple, Bhatara
2290:Season for Nonviolence
2089:Maria Lacerda de Moura
2084:Martin Luther King Jr.
1463:Gandhi Heritage Portal
1295:India ashrams (Kochrab
1209:Chauri Chaura incident
1174:Indian Ambulance Corps
863:"His faith, our faith"
812:The Teaching of Ahimsa
808:Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas
806:Andrews, C.F. (1930).
643:Newcastle City Council
560:Dinabandhu Institution
552:University of Calcutta
449:Round Table Conference
395:Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas
305:In 1904 he joined the
285:Christian Social Union
280:
217:, and afterwards read
2668:Scholars from Kolkata
2493:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
2491:Charles Freer Andrews
1953:Ramchandra (grandson)
1797:Rettamalai Srinivasan
1787:Anugrah Narayan Sinha
1557:The Masque of Anarchy
1341:Composite nationalism
1336:Practices and beliefs
1268:Natal Indian Congress
1056:Banarsidas Chaturvedi
1048:K. L. Seshagiri Rao,
1041:P. C. Roy Chaudhuri,
403:All India Trade Union
349:racial discrimination
337:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
311:St. Stephen's College
270:
149:Charles Freer Andrews
32:Charles Freer Andrews
1817:Kishorlal Mashruwala
1606:Gandhi's translation
1231:Dharasana Satyagraha
1189:Champaran Satyagraha
1086:(London, Allenson, )
702:What I Owe to Christ
682:on 30 November 2013.
617:Richard Attenborough
609:, in the 1982 film,
594:in a remote area in
525:radical discipleship
408:Andrews developed a
2613:Anglican socialists
2361:Kaba Gandhi No Delo
2069:Lal Bahadur Shastri
2039:Govind Vallabh Pant
1943:Rajmohan (grandson)
1938:Ela (granddaughter)
1833:Artistic depictions
1692:Sudhakar Chaturvedi
1589:Henry Stephens Salt
1574:Sermon on the Mount
1503:Henry David Thoreau
1480:A Letter to a Hindu
1290:Harijan Sevak Sangh
915:on 19 October 2017.
892:on 19 October 2017.
793:Gandhi Before India
625:liturgical calendar
426:Rabindranath Tagore
365:Christian anarchism
195:Newcastle upon Tyne
161:Rabindranath Tagore
157:Indian independence
134:Indian independence
2628:Christian radicals
2603:Anglican pacifists
2014:C. Rajagopalachari
2009:Brajkishore Prasad
2004:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1963:Kanu (grandnephew)
1866:Gandhi New Series,
1853:Gandhi Peace Prize
1843:Gandhi Peace Award
1737:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1732:Hermann Kallenbach
1707:Dada Dharmadhikari
1584:Shrimad Rajchandra
1516:Civil disobedience
1508:Civil Disobedience
1184:Bardoli Satyagraha
1097:Visvanathan, Susan
1089:David McI Gracie,
933:on 9 December 2018
778:, 11 December 1899
489:William W. Pearson
405:in 1925 and 1927.
281:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2207:Parliament Square
2139:Vallabhbhai Patel
1928:Samaldas (nephew)
1923:Maganlal (cousin)
1792:Sri Krishna Sinha
1757:Vallabhbhai Patel
1742:Acharya Kripalani
1717:Shiv Prasad Gupta
1672:Shankarlal Banker
1635:Vaishnava Jana To
1453:Seven Social Sins
1246:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
1236:Vaikom Satyagraha
788:Guha, Ramachandra
687:Christ and Labour
596:Chittoor district
485:Indian Government
430:Vaikom Satyagraha
379:Susil Kumar Rudra
372:General Jan Smuts
233:Church of England
146:
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91:Bengal Presidency
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2416:Satyagraha House
2411:Sabarmati Ashram
2331:Gandhi Promenade
2257:Washington, D.C.
2212:Tavistock Square
2197:Pietermaritzburg
2154:
2059:Jawaharlal Nehru
1994:Aung San Suu Kyi
1812:Ravishankar Vyas
1777:Bibi Amtus Salam
1541:Parsee Rustomjee
1241:Aundh Experiment
1194:Kheda Satyagraha
1151:
1144:
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1128:
1117:Internet Archive
1008:
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929:. Archived from
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911:. Archived from
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888:. Archived from
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775:Evening Standard
767:
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760:
749:
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683:
675:Non-Co-Operation
477:Totaram Sanadhya
353:Christian values
295:, especially in
225:Pembroke College
106:Pembroke College
82:
80:
60:
58:
53:12 February 1871
42:
28:
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2608:Anglican saints
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2550:from Wikisource
2544:
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2500:
2496:sister projects
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2487:
2477:
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2463:
2453:
2451:
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2431:
2429:
2420:
2341:Gandhi Memorial
2316:Gandhi Mandapam
2306:Aga Khan Palace
2294:
2263:
2143:
2114:Rajendra Prasad
2074:Lanza del Vasto
2029:François Bayrou
2019:Eknath Easwaran
1989:14th Dalai Lama
1977:
1958:Kanu (grandson)
1933:Arun (grandson)
1898:Kasturba (wife)
1879:
1821:
1752:Mohanlal Pandya
1727:J. C. Kumarappa
1645:
1467:
1458:Navajivan Trust
1397:
1324:
1166:
1160:
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1082:J. S. Hoyland,
1069:J. S. Hoyland,
1017:
1015:Further reading
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867:Hindustan Times
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445:Agatha Harrison
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345:Mohandas Gandhi
333:
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102:Alma mater
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2533:from Wikiquote
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2275:Gandhi Jayanti
2271:
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2109:Nelson Mandela
2106:
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2096:
2094:Mehdi Bazargan
2091:
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2076:
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2064:Joan Bondurant
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:Draupadi Murmu
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
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1970:
1965:
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1955:
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1940:
1935:
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1802:V. A. Sundaram
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:Sonja Schlesin
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:Mithuben Petit
1764:
1762:Narhari Parikh
1759:
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1667:Jamnalal Bajaj
1664:
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1628:Hari Tuma Haro
1624:
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1600:Unto This Last
1596:
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1440:Mangal Prabhat
1436:
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1426:Indian Opinion
1422:
1415:
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1399:
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1158:Mahatma Gandhi
1156:
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1146:
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1125:
1124:
1119:
1108:
1107:External links
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1094:
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1080:
1073:
1067:
1060:Marjorie Sykes
1053:
1046:
1039:
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1002:) – via
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293:British Empire
258:
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248:Westcott House
199:Northumberland
190:
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165:Mahatma Gandhi
144:
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138:Mahatma Gandhi
130:
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127:Known for
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83:(aged 69)
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2567:from Wikidata
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2351:Gandhi Teerth
2349:
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2339:
2337:
2336:Gandhi Smriti
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
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2321:Gandhi Market
2319:
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2311:Gandhi Bhawan
2309:
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2188:South Africa
2187:
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2110:
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2104:Narendra Modi
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2099:Morarji Desai
2097:
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2042:
2040:
2037:
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2032:
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2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
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1959:
1956:
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1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
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1916:
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1911:
1909:
1908:Manilal (son)
1906:
1904:
1903:Harilal (son)
1901:
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1702:Mahadev Desai
1700:
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1695:
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1665:
1663:
1662:C. F. Andrews
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1641:Vegetarianism
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:Ekla Chalo Re
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
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1522:
1519:
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1511:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1497:Bhagavad Gita
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
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1474:
1470:
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1459:
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1337:
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1333:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1320:Assassination
1318:
1316:
1315:List of fasts
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:Sodepur Khadi
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
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1177:
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1169:
1167:and movements
1163:
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1138:
1133:
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1129:
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1120:
1118:
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1111:
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1106:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
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1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:N. Macnicol,
1074:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
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1037:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:D. O'Connor,
1019:
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634:
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622:
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614:
613:
608:
607:Ian Charleson
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:East Pakistan
561:
557:
553:
546:Commemoration
545:
543:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
517:
515:
513:
509:
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504:
498:
495:
490:
486:
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478:
474:
470:
469:Hannah Dudley
466:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
434:B.R. Ambedkar
431:
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423:
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384:
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169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
139:
135:
132:
131:
129:
125:
121:
118:
116:Occupation(s)
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
95:British India
92:
88:
74:
70:
65:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
2562:
2545:
2528:
2516:from Commons
2511:
2490:
2447:Christianity
2366:Kirti Mandir
2285:Martyrs' Day
2192:Johannesburg
2134:Vinoba Bhave
2119:Ramjee Singh
2079:Maulana Azad
2054:James Lawson
1918:Devdas (son)
1913:Ramdas (son)
1869:Indian rupee
1807:Abbas Tyabji
1682:Vinoba Bhave
1661:
1598:
1555:
1549:
1507:
1495:
1446:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1411:
1403:Publications
1214:Purna Swaraj
1179:Tolstoy Farm
1090:
1083:
1076:
1070:
1063:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
989:
977:. Retrieved
974:satucket.com
973:
964:
947:
935:. Retrieved
931:the original
921:
913:the original
908:
898:
890:the original
885:
875:
866:
856:
844:. Retrieved
840:
831:
819:
811:
807:
801:
791:
783:
773:
765:
756:
747:
735:
707:
701:
692:
686:
680:the original
674:
666:
660:
654:
649:Publications
640:
637:
610:
604:
586:, pastor in
581:
567:, presently
549:
542:, Calcutta.
533:
528:
521:
512:Fiji Indians
501:
499:
465:J. W. Burton
462:
442:
437:
422:Santiniketan
407:
402:
400:
394:
388:
376:
369:
334:
314:
304:
301:
282:
252:
237:
218:
192:
180:
179:, named him
172:
170:
148:
147:
75:5 April 1940
25:
2588:1940 deaths
2583:1871 births
2386:Mani Bhavan
2268:Observances
2129:Sane Guruji
2049:James Bevel
2044:Ho Chi Minh
1712:Kanu Gandhi
1657:Swami Anand
1546:Leo Tolstoy
1536:John Ruskin
1490:nonviolence
1447:Young India
1388:Eleven vows
1356:trusteeship
1165:Life events
1027:H. Tinker,
937:19 December
697:Arun Gandhi
633:February 12
584:Joseph John
391:World War I
361:nonviolence
182:Deenabandhu
2577:Categories
2530:Quotations
2326:Bookstores
2124:Steve Biko
1999:Abhay Bang
1982:Influenced
1838:Gandhigiri
1677:Sarla Behn
1650:Associates
1594:Tirukkuṛaḷ
1472:Influences
1393:Gandhi cap
1373:Satyagraha
1329:Philosophy
1273:Quit India
1263:Poona Pact
1226:Salt March
846:9 February
727:References
569:Bangladesh
558:, and the
518:Later life
414:Christians
261:See also:
211:Birmingham
189:Early life
79:1940-04-06
57:1871-02-12
2459:Biography
2237:Milwaukee
2182:New Delhi
2149:Memorials
1368:Sarvodaya
1363:Education
1351:Economics
1310:Sevagram)
1300:Sabarmati
1258:Padayatra
592:casteless
582:In 1948,
275:(earlier
229:Cambridge
205:) of the
110:Cambridge
66:, England
2401:Raj Ghat
2252:San Jose
2242:New York
1747:Mirabehn
1569:Pacifism
1526:Hinduism
1378:Swadeshi
1346:Gandhism
979:10 April
715:See also
619:. He is
573:Palakkad
536:Calcutta
473:R. Piper
412:between
410:dialogue
343:lawyer,
341:Gujarati
277:Calcutta
257:In India
220:Classics
153:Anglican
120:Anglican
87:Calcutta
2471:England
2433:Portals
2232:Houston
2157:Statues
1579:Shravan
1521:Fasting
1510:(essay)
1412:Harijan
1115:at the
1004:Twitter
627:of the
621:honored
588:Katpadi
503:slavery
494:British
459:In Fiji
443:He and
273:Kolkata
77: (
55: (
2483:Saints
2227:Denver
2168:India
1885:Family
1826:Legacy
1564:Narmad
1486:Ahimsa
1383:Swaraj
1278:speech
1093:(1989)
1079:(1944)
1066:(1949)
1058:&
1052:(1969)
1045:(1971)
1038:(1972)
1031:(1979)
1024:(1990)
710:(1942)
704:(1932)
689:(1923)
669:(1912)
663:(1896)
657:(1922)
612:Gandhi
577:Kerala
554:, the
483:, the
471:, and
453:London
438:Dalits
418:Hindus
357:ahimsa
325:Madras
289:Gospel
244:London
240:deacon
203:bishop
2547:Texts
2513:Media
2299:Other
2222:Davis
2218:U.S.
2172:Patna
2164:Ghana
1531:Khadi
1000:Tweet
956:(PDF)
841:Trove
615:, by
297:India
2564:Data
1219:flag
981:2021
939:2010
848:2024
481:Fiji
416:and
163:and
72:Died
50:Born
2203:UK
1554:) (
631:on
598:of
451:in
223:at
209:in
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