600:
after his ascension to the ducal throne, but he had no sympathies for
Austria even though he was closely related to the Habsburgs and owed his throne to the Austrian intervention. Charles III, in spite of his personal charms, was not loved by his subjects. The nobility treated him warily while the bourgeoisie was as contemptuous of him as he was of them. He got on best with the popular classes. He was very fond of the ballet, and he was well liked by dancers, soldiers, peasants and ordinary citizens. Though conscious at all time of his rank—he used his walking stick on anyone who he deemed disrespectful towards him—he was simple in his manners, very approachable and he had great personal charm. However, his arbitrary decisions destroyed the respect that his subjects had for him and his dynasty and he became unpopular. By 1853 there were rumors of plots to remove him from power.
375:
very pious and turned increasingly towards religion. From his teens, Ferdinando saw little of her. Maria-Theresa retired completely from the court of Lucca, living in permanent seclusion, first in Villa di
Marilia and later to her villa at Pianore, where surrounded by priest and nuns, she dedicated her life to religion. Ferdinando had more in common with his father: a skill for languages, a passion for travel, a coarse sense of humor and a restless nature. However, Charles Louis was a hedonistic man who could not have his son as company very often or for very long. As a consequence, Ferdinando grew up restless and very spoiled. His teachers could control neither his rebellious nature nor his unbridled irresponsibility.
637:, he stopped for a moment to ask about the identity of a pretty girl whom he had just seen in an upper window across the street. He was making the inquiry and saluting two soldiers, who walked by him, when he was attacked from behind by two men who were trailing him. One of them knocked the Duke violently and stabbed him deep in the stomach with a triangular blade. Everything happened so fast that Charles initially did not realize what had just transpired and seconds later gasping he said, "My God, I'm done for. They have stabbed me". In the confusion, the two assailants escaped running in opposite directions and mixing with the crowd.
495:, the little Duke, a reference to both his stature and his status as his father's heir. Although he was tall, he was slight built. His hair was thick and dark and he had big prominent eyes. A large nose, a long neck and a receding chin completed his face. He had a trimmed, finely proportioned figure, of which he was very proud. He was a dandy who dress smartly and was very fastidious about his clothing. Ferdinando Carlo travelled a great deal. Outside Italy he often used the title
422:. Ferdinando Carlo, who was twenty-two years old at the time, was initially reluctant to marry her. She was four years older than him; she was his close relative; and he disliked the ideology of her entourage, the legitimist party. He would have rather waited three more years to marry, finding then a bride more of his liking. However, as his father threatened to cut his privy purse, leaving him completely destitute, Ferdinando ended up agreeing with the idea.
42:
581:
1954:
641:
lied assuring him that it was not and he passed out. In moments of lucidity, the Duke, realizing the seriousness of his condition repeated: "I am preparing myself for a long journey". The Duke received the last rites and was able to see his wife and their children for a last time. After atrocious suffering, which he endured bravely, he died the following evening, 27 March at 5:30 p.m. He was thirty-one years old.
434:, some 30 miles outside of Vienna. Their honeymoon took them to castle Urschendorff in Austria, and afterwards to England, a country where Ferdinand Carlo felt most at ease. The couple's married life was happy for some years. Their first child was born thirteen months after the wedding and three more children followed in quick succession:
640:
The wounded Duke fell on the ground in a pool of blood with the blade still in his stomach. He was lifted up, and held by his arms and legs. He was carried back to the palace. He made no complaints as his doctors treated his wound, which was deep. He asked if they thought his life was in danger. They
599:
Although
Charles III was an authoritarian ruler, his reign was less reactionary than those of his cousins in Naples and Tuscany. He was very anticlerical and an opponent of capital punishment. No death sentences were carried out during his five-year reign. He loved England, which he visited once more
374:
Until 1833, when he was ten and the court returned to Lucca, Ferdinando Carlo was under the care of his mother in an austere and religious atmosphere. As an only child, Ferdinando Carlo was much loved by his parents, but they were a mismatched couple of opposite personalities: Ferdinando’s mother was
563:
who met him at this time, described
Ferdinando as "a very droll man, exceedingly amusing and clever—a rattle, a mimic and gamboled in mind and body. He was a great tumbler and skilfully in all tour de force. Walking with the Queen at Windsor, I believed for the first time, he suddenly tumbled before
571:
army entered Parma, and officially restored
Charles II, who was in exile in Saxony. Ferdinando Carlo and his family, however, remained in England, since hostilities continued between the Austrian and Piedmontese armies. For several years Charles II had considered abdicating in favor of Ferdinando
652:
in Parma. The Duke's assailants, Ireneo Bochi and
Antonio Carra, escaped prosecution. Both were briefly arrested, but as they looked very much alike, witnesses were confounded and their testimonies deemed unreliable. Count Bacinetti, the key witness, was not liked by Duchess Louise, who had him
632:
to take a walk on the streets of Parma, as he used to do every afternoon. He was accompanied only by an aide-de-camp, Count
Bacinetti. During his walk, he saw his wife, Duchess Louise, who was sitting in a carriage, listening to an open-air concert in a square of Parma. They waved to each other
603:
His personal life was also in turmoil. He grew apart from his wife, who became exceedingly fat. The
Duchess was a sharp-tongued woman who liked having her way through intrigues and the force of her personality. The rift between husband and wife grew when Charles III openly began an affair with
487:
Louise was described at that time as a pretty blonde, fair complexioned with golden hair and blue eyes, but not very tall. She was reserved, cold, insensitive and lacked charm. Like most legitimists, her political ideas were those of the preceding century. However, for the first years of their
542:
where he remained for several months until the
British government negotiated his release. At this time he was described by a contemporary as "Tall and slim with an open and merry countenance, a light-hearted, light-headed, careless young man". After a brief sojourn on the island of
398:, who had spent a lot of time with him. Victor Emmanuel wrote: " Ferdinando of Lucca left here last summer rather angry with me and he has not let me know his news since. But I wish him every happiness—and also good sense, which however I firmly believe he would never achieve."
371:. When he was four, the responsibility for his education was entrusted to a Hungarian priest, Zsigmond Deáki. He was taught Italian history and language by Lazzaro Papi, Director of the Library of Lucca. He learnt Spanish, French, Hungarian, German and English.
300:
and was educated in Saxony and Vienna. He grew up as a restless young man and traveled extensively while he was the hereditary prince of Lucca. For a time he served in the
Piedmontese army with the rank of captain. In 1845, his father arranged his marriage with
348:). He was given the baptismal names Ferdinando Carlo Vittorio Giuseppe Maria Baldassarre. Until his accession as Duke of Parma in 1849, he was called Ferdinando Carlo or Ferdinando. His family called him Danduccio. At the death of his grandmother,
394:. He received a commission in the Piedmontese army with the rank of captain in the Novara Cavalry. However, after one year of service, he returned home on bad terms with King Charles Albert of Sardinia and even more so with the king's son,
2249:
425:
Ferdinando Carlo and Louise were cousins and they had known each other since they were children in Vienna. Their wedding took place on 10 November 1845 at Schloss Frohsdorff, Chambords's home in exile, near
2254:
2244:
452:
555:
where he was joined by his wife Louise who had just given birth to their first son while in exile in Florence. Then the family sought refuge in England. They settled in a cottage at
515:
died and Ferdinando Carlo's father succeeded as Duke Charles II of Parma. The Duchy of Lucca was incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and Ferdinando Carlo ceased being
386:. He was well regarded by his soldiers. To regulate his military training, and hoping that the army would improve his character, Ferdinando's father obtained permission from
476:
1391:, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
620:
in December 1853, Charles III took his mistress with him, bringing about the final breakdown of his marriage. In mid February 1854, Charles III returned to Parma.
2239:
1256:
2053:
564:
Her Majesty the whole way she walked. She died with laughter and astonishment. He was less like a tyrant than any person I ever met; full of fun and humor".
1800:
406:
In 1845, as the duchy of Lucca was in great financial need, Ferdinando's father decided to marry him to a princess with a large dowry. The bride chosen was
1369:
1040:
480:
462:
206:
2229:
1641:
919:
596:
to secure Austrian support. He did not take over the administration of the duchy until 25 August when he made a solemn entry into Parma as its new Duke.
1692:
309:, his father became the reigning duke of Parma, but abdicated on 24 March 1849. Charles III became the duke of Parma, Piacenza and the Annexed States.
1738:
527:
2039:
653:
expelled from Parma. Bochi and Carra acted not for political reasons, but for financial gain. It was never clarified who paid them to kill the Duke.
1934:
359:
Ferdinando Carlo spent much of the first ten years of his life following his parents in their frequent travels to their castles of Urschendorff and
1544:
1455:
2189:
649:
1631:
2199:
1682:
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1759:
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living as a simple soldier, sharing the life in the barracks, hours in the training grounds and lengthy exercises among the foothills of the
2224:
2219:
2209:
2184:
1245:
438:
196:
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316:, inflicted heavy penalties on the members of the late provisional government, closed the university, and instituted a regular policy of
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1486:
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1991:
1723:
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1820:
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1605:
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On 24 March 1849 the abdication of Charles II was announced. Ferdinando Carlo, still living in England, succeeded to the title of
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to admit him in the Piedmontese army. In 1841, at age eighteen, Ferdinando Carlo was sent to the Military School of
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In his adolescence, Ferdinando Carlo developed an interest in military life. He entered the army in
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1434:
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taking the name Charles III. On 18 May 1849 he re-entered Parma, but left again two days later for
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Carlo, but he delayed it in the hope that when he did so things would be more secure for his son.
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Carlo III of Bourbon, Duke of Parma and Emma Guadagni – The Guadagni Family Historical Archives.
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policies made him unpopular. After reigning only five years, he was assassinated in March 1854.
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politely. At 5:45 the Duke was returning to his palace; while he was passing by the church of
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La danza delle ombre: Carlo III di Borbone Parma, un regicidio nell'Italia del Risorgimento
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Countess Emma Guadagni (1829–1866), a sister-in-law of the Austrian general governor of
132:
112:
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2021:
1943:
1841:
427:
321:
312:
Charles III owed his throne to the support of Austrian troops. He placed Parma under
290:
17:
305:, a wealthy heiress who gave him four children. In December 1847, at the death of
1713:
411:
317:
313:
1867:
645:
383:
148:
418:. She was the daughter of the Duke of Berry and the granddaughter of King
609:
560:
556:
800:
L'ultimo duca di Parma: potere, amministrazione e società dell'Ottocento
1378:
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364:
245:
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593:
548:
368:
1347:
897:
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333:
128:
108:
1912:
526:
Charles II only reigned for a few months in Parma. In March 1848
340:, (later Duke of Lucca, and Duke of Parma) and his wife Princess
1916:
1351:
901:
2250:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
821:
Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III
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Charles's body was buried in the Cappella della Macchia near
1952:
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Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III
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Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III
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Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III
628:
On Sunday 26 March 1854, around 4:00 p.m, Charles left the
534:. Ferdinando Carlo escaped from Parma, but was arrested in
455:
on 5 April 1869. They had twelve children. He remarried
491:
Until he became duke of Parma, Ferdinando was known as
2255:
Burials at the Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata
2245:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
1902:
consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante
648:. His heart was placed in an urn in the crypt of the
332:
Charles III was born at the Villa delle Pianore near
465:( 27 December 1849 – 16 November 1935): she married
1876:
1860:
1834:
1793:
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1706:
1655:
1619:
1573:
1532:
1516:
1500:
1474:
1443:
1412:
1396:
1276:
1228:
1176:
1155:
1139:
1123:
1107:
1091:
1075:
1059:
1033:
1012:
996:
975:
959:
933:
612:in February 1852, while Charles III was a guest of
266:
256:
244:
235:
Ferdinando Carlo Giuseppe Maria Vittorio Baldassare
224:
187:
155:
138:
118:
94:
90:
80:
70:
62:
55:
34:
477:Princess Maria Immacolata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
441:(1 January 1847 – 29 January 1893): she married
590:Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and the Annexed States
287:Carlo III di Borbone, Duca di Parma e Piacenza
1928:
1363:
913:
488:married life, Ferdinando was happy with her.
459:on 15 October 1884. They had twelve children.
451:(9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907): he married
445:, on 4 February 1867. They had five children.
8:
469:, on 11 January 1868. They had ten children.
27:Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1849 to 1854
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
710:
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702:
700:
698:
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694:
692:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
289:; 14 January 1823 – 27 March 1854) was the
2097:Held in pretence, no implied sovereignty:
1935:
1921:
1913:
1370:
1356:
1348:
920:
906:
898:
826:
453:Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
352:, on 13 March 1824, Ferdinando became the
40:
31:
1739:Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime
1642:Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal
795:. Lucca: Istituto storico lucchese, 2001.
1683:Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain
177:
662:
650:Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata
414:pretender to the throne of France, the
1760:Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
1693:Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal
1387:The generations indicate descent from
350:Maria Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Lucca
221:
2240:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
1246:Prince Sixtus Henry, Duke of Aranjuez
530:broke out in Parma supported by King
7:
1663:Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier
616:. In a semi-official visit to Queen
410:(1819–1864), the only sister of the
336:on 14 January 1823, the only son of
1668:Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin
1487:Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias
1482:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias
1209:Felix, Prince Consort of Luxembourg
1041:Odoardo, Hereditary Prince of Parma
499:; in Italy he often used the title
479:on 25 November 1873. He remarried
467:Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany
197:Infanta Margaret, Duchess of Madrid
439:Princess Margaret of Bourbon-Parma
25:
2230:People murdered in Emilia-Romagna
1821:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
1770:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera
1729:Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera
1719:Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti
807:Baron Ward and the Dukes of Parma
614:Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
457:Infanta Maria Antónia of Portugal
1852:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
1826:Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera
1811:Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
1775:Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans
1688:Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville
1581:Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria
809:. London: Longmans, Green, 1938.
1673:Infante Juan, Count of Montizón
1632:Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
1565:Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón
1294:Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
463:Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma
207:Alice, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
173:
2190:19th-century murdered monarchs
1806:Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia
1734:Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid
1591:Fernando I of the Two Sicilies
1251:Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
481:Infanta Adelgundes of Portugal
338:Charles Louis, Prince of Lucca
1:
2200:Princes of Parma and Piacenza
1897:title granted by Royal Decree
1780:Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid
346:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
47:
1765:Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria
1425:Fernando, Prince of Asturias
1289:Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi
1284:Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma
1168:Prince Henry, Count of Bardi
812:Nettement, Alfred François.
473:Prince Henry, Count of Bardi
296:He was the only son of Duke
212:Prince Henry, Count of Bardi
2225:Deaths by stabbing in Italy
2220:Hereditary princes of Parma
2210:Assassinated Italian people
2185:19th-century dukes of Parma
1801:Alfonso, Prince of Asturias
831:Charles III, Duke of Parma
816:. Paris: J. Lecoffre, 1864.
814:Madame la duchesse de Parme
788:. Barcelona. Planeta, 1994.
538:and taken as a prisoner in
66:17 May 1849 – 27 March 1854
2276:
1637:Infante Francisco de Paula
1420:Carlos, Prince of Asturias
1241:Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma
1147:Charles III, Duke of Parma
1099:Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma
1020:Ranuccio II, Duke of Parma
880:Duke of Parma and Piacenza
771:Retrieved 12 January 2022.
532:Charles Albert of Sardinia
521:Hereditary Prince of Parma
517:Hereditary Prince of Lucca
388:Charles Albert of Sardinia
354:Hereditary Prince of Lucca
57:Duke of Parma and Piacenza
2150:
2095:
1950:
1892:
1744:Carlos III, Duke of Parma
1611:Fernando I, Duke of Parma
1430:Diego, Prince of Asturias
1385:
1321:
1131:Charles II, Duke of Parma
983:Ranuccio I, Duke of Parma
886:
877:
869:
864:
829:
408:Princess Louise of Artois
303:Princess Louise of Artois
261:Charles II, Duke of Parma
229:
220:
162:Princess Louise of Artois
39:
2205:Princes of Bourbon-Parma
1785:Roberto I, Duke of Parma
1698:Carlos II, Duke of Parma
1606:Infante Francisco Javier
1236:Robert II, Duke of Parma
1046:Francesco, Duke of Parma
967:Alexander, Duke of Parma
802:. Modena: Artioli, 1984.
791:Cecchini, Bianca Maria.
584:Carlo III, Duke of Parma
559:, south-west of London.
475:(1851–1905): he married
143:Cappella della Macchia,
1601:Infante Antonio Pascual
1560:Felipe I, Duke of Parma
1163:Robert I, Duke of Parma
988:Cardinal-Prince Odoardo
497:Marchese di Castiglione
449:Robert I, Duke of Parma
202:Robert I, Duke of Parma
2195:House of Bourbon-Parma
2180:1854 murders in Europe
2152:* denotes titular Duke
1957:
1051:Antonio, Duke of Parma
1004:Odoardo, Duke of Parma
941:Ottavio, Duke of Parma
836:House of Bourbon-Parma
585:
443:Carlos, Duke of Madrid
367:, and to the court in
286:
234:
1956:
1724:Infante Luis Fernando
1204:Xavier, Duke of Parma
1189:Joseph, Duke of Parma
583:
567:On 5 April 1849 the
483:, on 15 October 1876.
342:Maria Teresa of Savoy
271:Maria Teresa of Savoy
107:Villa delle Pianore,
1545:Infante Felipe Pedro
1328:prince of Luxembourg
1194:Elias, Duke of Parma
1184:Henry, Duke of Parma
841:Cadet branch of the
618:Isabella II of Spain
513:Empress Marie Louise
511:On 17 December 1847
507:Acquisition of Parma
307:Empress Marie Louise
18:Charles III of Parma
420:Charles X of France
298:Charles II of Parma
293:from 1849 to 1854.
1958:
1115:Louis I of Etruria
798:Franzè, Giuseppe.
586:
402:Marriage and issue
344:(daughter of King
2215:People from Lucca
2157:
2156:
2088: (1854–1859)
2064: (1808-1814)
2063:
2050: (1808-1814)
2049:
2036: (1765–1802)
2000: (1694–1727)
1982: (1592–1622)
1910:
1909:
1647:Luis I of Etruria
1379:Infantes of Spain
1345:
1344:
1025:Prince Alessandro
946:Prince Alessandro
896:
895:
887:Succeeded by
823:. Royalty Digest.
819:Stubbs, Alan R.
547:, he traveled to
519:becoming instead
416:Comte de Chambord
276:
275:
240:
239:
16:(Redirected from
2267:
2235:Spanish infantes
2144:* (2010–present)
2057:
2043:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1914:
1903:
1898:
1678:Infante Fernando
1461:Infante Fernando
1372:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1336:prince of Nassau
1306:Prince Guillaume
928:Princes of Parma
922:
915:
908:
899:
884:1849–1854
870:Preceded by
860:
853:
844:House of Bourbon
827:
786:La Familia Rival
772:
766:
760:
753:
732:
729:La Familia Rival
725:
719:
712:
687:
680:
501:Conte di Mulazzo
222:
181:
179:
175:
125:
104:
102:
49:
44:
32:
21:
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2265:
2264:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2091:
2082: (1849–54)
2076: (1847–49)
2070: (1814–47)
2030: (1748–65)
2024: (1740–48)
2018: (1735–40)
2012: (1731–35)
2006: (1727–31)
1994: (1646–94)
1988: (1622–46)
1976: (1586–92)
1970: (1556–86)
1964: (1545–47)
1946:
1941:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1877:16th generation
1872:
1861:15th generation
1856:
1847:Infante Alfonso
1835:14th generation
1830:
1816:Infante Gonzalo
1794:13th generation
1789:
1753:12th generation
1748:
1707:11th generation
1702:
1656:10th generation
1651:
1615:
1596:Infante Gabriel
1569:
1528:
1512:
1496:
1470:
1439:
1408:
1392:
1381:
1376:
1346:
1341:
1317:
1277:16th generation
1272:
1229:15th generation
1224:
1177:14th generation
1172:
1156:13th generation
1151:
1140:12th generation
1135:
1124:11th generation
1119:
1108:10th generation
1103:
1087:
1071:
1055:
1029:
1008:
992:
971:
955:
951:Prince Rannucio
929:
926:
892:
883:
875:
854:
852:14 January 1823
848:
847:
839:
832:
784:Balansó, Juan.
781:
776:
775:
767:
763:
754:
735:
726:
722:
713:
690:
681:
664:
659:
626:
578:
509:
404:
396:Victor Emmanuel
330:
216:
183:
171:
167:
164:
151:
127:
123:
106:
105:14 January 1823
100:
98:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2273:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2051:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:Dukes of Parma
1942:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1620:9th generation
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1574:8th generation
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1533:7th generation
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1517:6th generation
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1501:5th generation
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1475:4th generation
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1466:Infante Alonso
1463:
1458:
1456:Infante Carlos
1453:
1447:
1445:
1444:3rd generation
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1413:2nd generation
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1397:1st generation
1394:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1263:Prince Jacques
1260:
1257:Prince Charles
1254:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1220:Prince Gaetano
1217:
1212:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1092:9th generation
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1076:8th generation
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1060:7th generation
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1034:6th generation
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1013:5th generation
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1000:
998:
997:4th generation
994:
993:
991:
990:
985:
979:
977:
976:3rd generation
973:
972:
970:
969:
963:
961:
960:2nd generation
957:
956:
954:
953:
948:
943:
937:
935:
934:1st generation
931:
930:
927:
925:
924:
917:
910:
902:
894:
893:
888:
885:
876:
871:
867:
866:
865:Regnal titles
862:
861:
840:
833:
830:
825:
824:
817:
810:
805:Myers, Jesse.
803:
796:
789:
780:
777:
774:
773:
761:
733:
720:
688:
661:
660:
658:
655:
630:Riserva Palace
625:
622:
608:. They met in
577:
574:
508:
505:
485:
484:
470:
460:
446:
403:
400:
329:
326:
274:
273:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
248:
242:
241:
238:
237:
227:
226:
218:
217:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
193:
191:
185:
184:
169:
165:
160:
159:
157:
153:
152:
142:
140:
136:
135:
133:Duchy of Parma
126:(aged 31)
120:
116:
115:
113:Duchy of Parma
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
53:
52:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2272:
2261:
2260:Sons of kings
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2138:* (1977–2010)
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:* (1859–1907)
2101:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:Charles Louis
2072:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:Maria Theresa
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Juan Carlos I
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1313:
1312:Prince Robert
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1268:Prince Michel
1266:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:Prince Sixtus
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
995:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
978:
974:
968:
965:
964:
962:
958:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
936:
932:
923:
918:
916:
911:
909:
904:
903:
900:
891:
882:
881:
874:
868:
863:
859:27 March 1854
858:
851:
846:
845:
838:
837:
828:
822:
818:
815:
811:
808:
804:
801:
797:
794:
790:
787:
783:
782:
778:
770:
765:
762:
758:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
734:
730:
724:
721:
717:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
689:
685:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
663:
656:
654:
651:
647:
642:
638:
636:
631:
624:Assassination
623:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
601:
597:
595:
591:
582:
576:Reigning Duke
575:
573:
570:
565:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
506:
504:
502:
498:
494:
489:
482:
478:
474:
471:
468:
464:
461:
458:
454:
450:
447:
444:
440:
437:
436:
435:
433:
429:
428:Lanzenkirchen
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
372:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
327:
325:
323:
322:authoritarian
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
299:
294:
292:
291:duke of Parma
288:
284:
280:
272:
269:
265:
262:
259:
255:
252:
251:Bourbon-Parma
249:
247:
243:
236:
232:
228:
223:
219:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
192:
190:
186:
163:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:Villa Borbone
141:
137:
134:
130:
122:27 March 1854
121:
117:
114:
110:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2079:
2068:Marie Louise
2059:
2045:
1883:
1743:
1627:Fernando VII
1523:
1507:
1333:
1325:
1146:
1082:
1066:
878:
856:
849:
842:
834:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
764:
756:
728:
723:
715:
683:
643:
639:
627:
602:
598:
589:
587:
566:
525:
520:
516:
510:
500:
496:
492:
490:
486:
424:
405:
377:
373:
358:
353:
331:
311:
295:
278:
277:
124:(1854-03-27)
29:
2175:1854 deaths
2170:1823 births
2136:Carlos Hugo
2132:* (1974–77)
2126:* (1959–74)
2120:* (1950–59)
2114:* (1939–50)
2108:* (1907–39)
2080:Charles III
1992:Ranuccio II
1714:Alfonso XII
1550:Fernando VI
1300:Prince Jean
1215:Prince René
635:Santa Lucia
318:persecution
314:martial law
279:Charles III
71:Predecessor
35:Charles III
2164:Categories
2040:Cambacérès
2016:Charles II
1980:Ranuccio I
1962:Pier Luigi
1555:Carlos III
1435:Felipe III
873:Charles II
779:References
528:revolution
493:il Duchino
412:Legitimist
328:Early life
101:1823-01-14
75:Charles II
2124:Robert II
2034:Ferdinand
2010:Charles I
1998:Francesco
1974:Alexander
1868:Felipe VI
1586:Carlos IV
1492:Carlos II
1451:Felipe IV
1404:Felipe II
727:Balansó,
646:Viareggio
551:and then
384:Apennines
361:Weistropp
149:Viareggio
81:Successor
46:Charles,
2086:Robert I
2060:Piacenza
1389:Carlos I
890:Robert I
755:Stubbs,
731:, p. 104
714:Stubbs,
682:Stubbs,
610:Florence
569:Austrian
561:Disraeli
557:Surbiton
85:Robert I
2004:Antonio
1986:Odoardo
1968:Ottavio
759:, p. 73
718:, p. 72
686:, p. 71
553:Livorno
536:Cremona
432:Austria
365:Dresden
363:, near
320:. His
283:Italian
231:Italian
182:
170:
166:
147:, near
2142:Carlos
2130:Xavier
2112:Joseph
2100:Robert
2056:
2054:Lebrun
2042:
2028:Philip
1540:Luis I
855:
606:Trento
594:Olmutz
549:Naples
369:Vienna
267:Mother
257:Father
176:
156:Spouse
139:Burial
2118:Elias
2106:Henry
2046:Parma
1334:also
1326:also
857:Died:
850:Born:
657:Notes
545:Malta
540:Milan
392:Turin
380:Lucca
334:Lucca
246:House
225:Names
189:Issue
180:)
172:(
168:
129:Parma
109:Lucca
63:Reign
1884:None
1524:None
1508:None
1083:None
1067:None
178:1845
119:Died
95:Born
50:1852
430:in
2166::
1314:*^
1308:*^
1302:*^
1296:*^
1259:*^
1253:*^
736:^
691:^
665:^
523:.
503:.
356:.
285::
233::
174:m.
131:,
111:,
48:c.
2062:)
2058:(
2048:)
2044:(
1936:e
1929:t
1922:v
1371:e
1364:t
1357:v
1211:*
921:e
914:t
907:v
281:(
103:)
99:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
