801:
33:
963:
744:
664:, the infantry musket was standardized in what would become the Model 1717. This model standardized most of the design features that would be common to all subsequent models, such as a .69 caliber barrel, an approximate length of 60 inches (1,500 mm) and an approximate weight of nine to ten pounds (4.1 to 4.5 kg). The Model 1717 also standardized the smoothbore barrel and flintlock firing mechanism.
425:
851:
607:
rate of fire also allowed infantry to often close into melee distance without taking too many casualties, and bayonet charges were thus frequently used to decisively rout wavering enemy formations. The
Charleville thus played a dual role on the battlefield, obviously as a ranged weapon, but also as a polearm in
606:
also played an important role in warfare during the era of flintlock muskets, unlike its reputation today as a last-ditch weapon. Given the slow reloading process of muzzle loading guns, a hedge of bayonets provided vital protection for musketeers against fast charging cavalry in the open. This low
627:
The rate of fire depended on the skill of the soldier, which was typically about three shots per minute. The
Charleville's barrel was held into place by three barrel bands. This made the Charleville sturdier than the British Brown Bess musket, which used pins to hold the barrel in place. The butt of
514:
tended to refer to all of the musket models as
Charlevilles. The naming of these muskets is not consistent. Some references only refer to Model 1763 and later versions as Charleville flintlock muskets, while other references refer to all models as the Charleville. The Charleville musket's design was
751:
The Model 1763's sturdier design proved to be a bit too heavy, so in 1766 the musket's design was lightened. The barrel wall was thinned, the lock was shortened, the stock was slimmed, and the Model 1763's long iron ramrod cover was replaced by a pinned spring under the breech. The trumpet shaped
700:
Changes in the 1740s included the standardized use of a steel ramrod in 1741 and, after 1746, newly manufactured muskets had the pan/frizzen bridle removed. Other minor changes were also made throughout the Model 1728's production life. These modified versions are generally considered to be minor
769:
Several changes were made to
Charleville muskets during the 1770s. References are not consistent with respect to the naming of these models. Some consider many of them to be distinct models, while others consider them to be only variations of earlier models. Most of the modifications during this
781:
and strengthened the barrel. The Model 1770 and 1771 are often grouped together as a single model. The Model 1773 was similar to previous models, but again modified the ramrod-retaining spring. The Model 1773 is often considered to be a minor variant to the Model 1770/1771. The Model 1774 had a
683:
The Model 1728 replaced the pinned barrel with a barrel held in place by three barrel bands, which would become standard on all subsequent
Charleville muskets. The barrel band design was not only easier to disassemble for cleaning, but was also sturdier, which was an important consideration in
551:
of the rifle were also considered to be of little value on a battlefield that was quickly obscured by black powder smoke. Like all smoothbore muskets, the
Charleville flintlock musket was only accurate to about 200 yards against a column of men, or eighty to a hundred yards against a man-sized
786:, and the tail of the steel was cut square. The ramrod-design was also modified in the Model 1774, giving it more of a pear shaped head. Similarly minor changes were made for the Model 1776, which is often not considered to be a separate model.
728:
breech plug featured on earlier models was replaced with a more rounded design. The stock's distinctive "cow's foot" butt was modified with a much more straightened design. The ramrod was also given a more trumpet shaped end.
578:
on command against other close packed formations. This mitigated to some extent the natural inaccuracy of the musket, as well as the general lack of marksmanship training among infantrymen of the period. However from the
275:
Model 1717, Model 1728, Model 1763, Model 1766, Model 1770, Model 1771, Model 1773, Model 1774, Model 1776, Model 1777 corrigé en l'an IX, Model 1816, Model 1822, Dragoon version, Carbine version, Navy version, Artillery
443:
standard French infantry musket used in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was made in 1717 and was last produced during the 1840s. However, it still saw limited use in conflicts through the mid-19th century (such as the
615:
dictated the
Charleville's general length and weight. A short barrel would leave its user at a disadvantage in combat due to the lack of reach, and the gun also needed to be sturdy enough to be used as a pike or a
667:
Unlike later models, the Model 1717 had a pinned barrel, similar in design to the
British Brown Bess. It also had a single barrel band at the center of the barrel, and four iron pipes that held a wooden
789:
Throughout the 1770s, the stock was modified in an inconsistent fashion. Some muskets were produced with a much more pronounced comb on the stock than others, which have an almost nonexistent comb.
675:
The Model 1717 had a 46-inch (1,200 mm) barrel and an overall length of 62 inches (1,600 mm), and weighed approximately nine pounds. A total of 48,000 Model 1717 muskets were produced.
828:
1067:
628:
the
Charleville's stock was sometimes referred to as the "patte de vache" (French for "cow's foot"), as its shape was designed to be used as a club in hand-to-hand combat.
950:
In the 1830s and 1840s, many old
Charleville muskets (mostly later models) were converted from flintlocks to percussion locks. Several Dutch guns were even converted to
574:
Charleville muskets were not always used like modern rifles. In pitched battles formations of musketeers did not aim and fire individually, but would fire controlled
1260:
808:
The design of the stock was again modified for the Model 1777, with a cheek rest cut into the inboard side of the butt. The Model 1777 also featured a slanted brass
701:
variations to the Model 1728, and are not typically considered to be a separate and distinct model of musket. A total of 375,000 Model 1728 muskets were produced.
755:
Though usually considered to be a separate model, the Model 1766 was often referred to as a "light Model 1763" musket, especially in Revolutionary War invoices.
474:
for the French infantry was standardized. This became the first standard flintlock musket to be issued to all French troops. While it is more correctly called a
869:
versions, which were generally about ten inches (250 mm) shorter than their infantry counterpart. The Model 1763, 1766, and 1777 were all available in a
563:. The smaller round was intentionally chosen to reduce weight in the field, but still had enough mass to be effective as a military round. The Charleville's
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1226:
1047:
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800:
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barrel. Rifles were more accurate than smoothbore muskets, but military commanders favored smoothbores on the battlefield, since the round from a
887:
The Model 1777 Dragoon version had a 42-inch barrel and an overall length of 57 inches (1,400 mm). Most of the furniture was made of brass.
506:, Maubeuge Arsenal, and other sites. While technically not the correct name for these muskets, the use of the name Charleville dates back to the
1633:
1570:
1638:
467:
shortly after his accession to the throne in 1610. Throughout the 17th century, flintlock muskets were produced in a wide variety of models.
940:
884:
version had a 36-inch (910 mm) barrel and an overall length of 51 inches (1,300 mm). The furniture was mostly made of brass.
83:
1840:
1998:
591:
operating singly from behind cover. Despite the musket's relative lack of accuracy the French infantrymen, especially the
2029:
1250:
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816:
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The Charleville's 0.69-inch (17.5 mm) caliber barrel was slightly smaller than its main competitor, the 0.75-inch caliber
181:
111:
913:. The Tula musket was manufactured with only minor changes until 1845, when it was replaced by a percussion lock musket.
1219:
515:
refined several times during its service life. Later models of Charleville muskets remained in service until 1840, when
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Model 1815 No. 1 and No. 2, as well as the Koloniaal Model 1836 and 1837 were based heavily on the design of the
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tactic on a large scale as well, and thus the Charleville was also regularly used for individually aimed fire by
580:
189:
161:
1079:
1333:
901:
Model 1808 Musket was based heavily on the design of the Model 1777 Charleville. This musket is often called a
732:
Though shorter in length, the Model 1763 was designed to be heavier and sturdier, and weighed over ten pounds.
87:
209:
2003:
1820:
1212:
635:-loaded and used a flintlock firing mechanism. They typically fired a round, lead ball but could fire other
177:
169:
137:
107:
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version was similar in length to the Dragoon version. All furniture on the navy version was made of brass.
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ramrod of the Model 1763 was also abandoned in favor of a ramrod with a lighter button shaped end.
710:
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823:. While the Model 1777 was used in the American Revolutionary War, it was generally only used by
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1153:"Don Troiani's soldiers in America, 1754-1865" By Don Troiani, Earl J. Coates, James L. Kochan
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1121:"Pistols: An Illustrated History of Their Impact" By Jeff Kinard, Published by ABC-CLIO, 2004
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Modern replica Charleville muskets are produced by several manufacturers. These are used by
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The Model 1770 had a modified lock plate, stronger barrel bands, and a modified retaining
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After numerous musket designs in the late 17th and early 18th century, most notably the
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The Model 1777 is often incorrectly believed to have been used in large numbers by
661:
404:
365:
482:, these muskets later became known as "Charleville muskets", after the armory in
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1962:
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Large numbers of Charleville Model 1763 and 1766 muskets were imported into the
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The barrel was shortened from 46 to 44 inches (1,200 to 1,100 mm) and the
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In 1754, the French introduced a shorter Officers version of the Charleville.
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1080:
https://web.archive.org/web/20090216063113/http://11thpa.org/charleville.html
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Despite being thinned down, the Model 1766 proved to be rugged and reliable.
1980:
1952:
1937:
1922:
1917:
1883:
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596:
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721:), the French infantry musket was redesigned, resulting in the Model 1763.
1942:
1775:
1613:
1565:
1541:
1383:
1378:
1283:
1275:
1162:"Arms and Armor in Colonial America, 1526-1783" By Harold Leslie Peterson
1016:
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and bridle, and a modified trigger guard with two rear finger ridges.
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1693:
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1393:
1020:
669:
568:
471:
43:
1008:. It remained in service, at least partially, until the mid-1840s.
961:
849:
799:
742:
612:
532:
499:
423:
827:
who served on American soil, such as those under the command of
539:
and became very difficult to load after a few shots because the
326:
undersized (.65/16.510 mm) to reduce the effects of powder
1208:
997:
during their participation in the American Revolutionary War.
835:
were instead armed with earlier Model 1763 and 1766 muskets.
986:. The Charleville 1766 heavily influenced the design of the
792:
A total of 70,000 Model 1770 to 1776 muskets were produced.
599:
formation, were often highly effective skirmishers with it.
620:, while remaining light enough to be easily handled by the
966:
Historical birds-eye view of the arsenal at Charleville
761:
A total of 140,000 Model 1766 muskets were produced.
954:
with the Snider breech-loading system in the 1860s.
735:
A total of 88,000 Model 1763 muskets were produced.
1961:
1898:
1792:
1730:
1555:
1430:
1274:
1068:
List of infantry weapons in the American Revolution
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75:
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23:
1132:"French Charleville Musket - 1766 Model Flintlock"
1109:"How far is "musket-shot"? Farther than you think"
248:Royal Manufacture of Charleville, Maubeuge Arsenal
1512:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket
1547:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket
519:systems made the flintlock mechanism obsolete.
993:The Model 1766 and 1777 were also used by the
380:1,000 to 1,200 ft/s (300 to 370 m/s)
370:User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds a minute
1220:
1171:"Small Arms", the Encyclopedia American, 1920
8:
804:Model 1777 made during the French Revolution
1085:Detailed images of 1766 Charleville replica
1227:
1213:
1205:
1177:
20:
687:The lock was also revised, with a longer
1048:French weapons in the American Civil War
982:, due in large part to the influence of
927:Charleville muskets were also copied by
905:since the majority were manufactured in
547:the barrel. The longer range and better
1144:"Napoleon: a biography" By Frank McLynn
1100:
1000:The Model 1777 was used throughout the
1634:Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages
1571:Artillery of France in the Middle Ages
1404:San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon
1639:Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
873:version. These are also often called
865:Most models were produced in shorter
858:of a Russian 1808 Tula musket (left).
7:
583:onward the French army began to use
1474:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle
611:. This intended use as a makeshift
14:
672:. All of the furniture was iron.
385:Effective firing range
31:
693:spring and a slightly modified
418:cast into the upper barrel band
1999:Category:Early modern firearms
1507:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle
1478:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle
770:period were relatively minor.
393:Maximum firing range
261:
182:Siege of Santo Domingo of 1805
84:various native American tribes
1:
1464:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle
1444:Belton M1777 repeating musket
1043:List of wars involving France
922:Model 1777 Corrigé en l'an IX
112:Confederate States of America
1590:Byzantine fire tube (cannon)
980:American War of Independence
821:American War of Independence
535:had to fit tightly into the
154:American War of Independence
1731:Medieval large calibre guns
1379:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun
1349:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon
909:and bore its name on their
777:. The Model 1771 moved the
2051:
1469:M1696 French common musket
1038:Military history of France
988:Springfield Musket of 1795
527:Charleville muskets had a
198:French conquest of Algeria
194:Franco-Trarzan War of 1825
134:Austrian War of Succession
104:Confederation of the Rhine
1994:
1812:Byzantine rocket launcher
1586:Breech-loading swivel gun
1399:Puckle Μ1717 revolver gun
1246:
1193:
1186:
1180:
631:Charleville muskets were
581:French Revolutionary Wars
312:
308:45 inches (1,100 mm)
297:60 inches (1,500 mm)
190:Greek War of Independence
170:United Irishmen Rebellion
162:French Revolutionary Wars
50:Place of origin
30:
1422:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon
1369:Meriam kecil hand cannon
1334:Heilongjiang hand cannon
1294:Bedil tumbak hand cannon
1033:Charleville M1777 musket
567:was usually made out of
396:300 yd (270 m)
267:7,721,000 (all variants)
256:1717–1839 (all variants)
202:First Franco-Mexican War
88:United States of America
2004:Category:Early firearms
1821:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet
459:created the first true
289:10 pounds (4.5 kg)
138:Jacobite rising of 1745
108:First Hellenic Republic
1408:Shou Chong hand cannon
1266:History of the firearm
967:
859:
805:
748:
508:U.S. Revolutionary War
494:. The standard French
476:French infantry musket
432:
366:Rate of fire
126:French and Indian Wars
1854:rocket arrow launcher
1848:rocket arrow launcher
1832:Fire crow rocket bomb
1459:Che Dian Chong musket
1344:Huo Chong hand cannon
1013:historical reenactors
965:
853:
803:
746:
719:French and Indian war
498:was also produced at
480:French pattern musket
470:In 1717, a flintlock
427:
2030:18th-century weapons
1841:Hale rocket launcher
1532:Spanish M1752 musket
1412:Tanegashima arquebus
1314:English horse pistol
1256:History of gunpowder
1063:Spanish M1752 musket
1058:Potzdam M1723 musket
1002:French Revolutionary
984:Marquis de Lafayette
941:Augustin 1842 musket
484:Charleville-Mézières
428:Charleville Musket,
376:Muzzle velocity
214:Cochinchina campaign
178:Emmet's Insurrection
1860:(Chinese petroleum)
1751:Dardanelles bombard
1722:Wuwei Bronze Cannon
1674:Obusier de vaisseau
945:Potzdam 1809 musket
765:Models 1770 to 1776
717:often known as the
622:general infantrymen
609:hand-to-hand combat
210:French–Tahitian War
206:Franco-Moroccan War
100:First French Empire
25:Charleville musket
2025:Firearms of France
1890:Thunder crash bomb
1537:Springfield musket
1454:Charleville musket
1354:Istinggar arquebus
1188:French Army rifle
968:
860:
829:General Rochambeau
819:troops during the
806:
749:
457:Marin le Bourgeoys
437:Charleville musket
433:
232:Production history
222:Garnier Expedition
218:American Civil War
158:Haitian Revolution
150:Larache expedition
96:Kingdom of Ireland
2012:
2011:
1900:Firing mechanisms
1879:Petroleum naphtha
1784:Pumhart von Steyr
1747:Byzantine bombard
1649:Hu Dun Pao cannon
1449:Brown Bess musket
1203:
1202:
1197:Musket Model 1777
1194:Succeeded by
1111:. 26 August 2013.
840:Musket Model 1777
496:infantry-long gun
463:weapons for King
422:
421:
54:Kingdom of France
2042:
1684:Pierrier a boite
1417:Toradar arquebus
1364:Jiaozhi arquebus
1289:Bajozutsu pistol
1229:
1222:
1215:
1206:
1181:Preceded by
1178:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1105:
856:Khyber Pass copy
711:Seven Years' War
684:bayonet combat.
559:produced by the
401:Feed system
263:
146:Seven Years' War
35:
26:
21:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
1990:
1957:
1894:
1864:Mysorean rocket
1816:Congreve rocket
1788:
1726:
1551:
1426:
1304:Combination gun
1270:
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1240:thermal weapons
1233:
1199:
1190:
1184:
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1116:
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1015:in both in the
1006:Napoleonic Wars
960:
890:The Model 1777
880:The Model 1777
848:
833:American troops
798:
767:
741:
707:
681:
658:
653:
525:
523:Design features
517:percussion lock
454:
358:percussion lock
343:.69 (17.526 mm)
332:paper cartridge
313:
226:Tonkin campaign
174:Napoleonic Wars
65:In service
60:Service history
24:
17:
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11:
5:
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1986:Wujing Zongyao
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1948:Snap matchlock
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1829:(rocket arrow)
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1261:Historiography
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116:Nguyễn dynasty
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16:French musket
1933:Muzzleloader
1908:Breechloader
1886:rocket arrow
1858:Meng Huo You
1809:rocket arrow
1799:incendiaries
1771:Grose Bochse
1717:Wankou Chong
1453:
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666:
662:Tulle Musket
659:
630:
626:
601:
573:
554:
541:black powder
526:
479:
475:
469:
455:
436:
434:
360:(conversion)
305: length
245:Manufacturer
76:Used by
18:
1971:Huolongjing
1963:Literatures
1766:Faule Mette
1761:Faule Grete
1756:Dulle Griet
1619:Ekor lotong
1581:Baton a feu
1482:Jäger rifle
1374:Muff pistol
1329:Hand mortar
1324:Hand cannon
1299:Blunderbuss
978:during the
903:Tula musket
810:priming pan
779:bayonet lug
589:skirmishers
446:Crimean War
416:front sight
324:Musket ball
264: built
186:War of 1812
69:French Army
2019:Categories
1874:Pen Huo Qi
1836:Greek fire
1827:Fire arrow
1712:Xanadu Gun
1699:Swivel gun
1689:Pot de fer
1629:Fauconneau
1319:Fire lance
1191:1717-1777
1095:References
1053:Brown Bess
877:versions.
838:(See also
796:Model 1777
747:Model 1766
739:Model 1766
709:After the
705:Model 1763
679:Model 1728
656:Model 1717
637:ammunition
593:voltigeurs
557:Brown Bess
529:smoothbore
465:Louis XIII
439:was a .69
1981:Wubei Zhi
1953:Wheellock
1938:Snaphance
1923:Matchlock
1918:Flintlock
1884:Singijeon
1707:Veuglaire
1703:Tarasnice
1679:Organ gun
1644:Hongyipao
1609:Chongtong
1599:Carronade
1558:artillery
1522:Musketoon
1389:Pepperbox
882:Artillery
726:octagonal
597:chasseurs
512:Americans
461:flintlock
354:Flintlock
319:Cartridge
71:1717–1840
1943:Snaplock
1776:Mons Meg
1624:Falconet
1614:Culverin
1576:Basilisk
1542:Wall gun
1384:Petronel
1284:Arquebus
1276:Firearms
1251:Timeline
1027:See also
1017:Americas
782:shorter
697:design.
651:Variants
639:such as
552:target.
549:accuracy
543:quickly
488:Ardennes
272:Variants
253:Produced
237:Designed
2035:Muskets
1913:Doglock
1869:Naphtha
1846:Huo Che
1807:Bo-hiya
1795:rockets
1743:Basilic
1738:Bombard
1659:Lantaka
1604:Cetbang
1436:muskets
939:as the
937:Prussia
933:Austria
929:Belgium
899:Russian
875:carbine
871:cavalry
867:dragoon
604:bayonet
576:volleys
561:British
510:, when
452:History
441:caliber
339:Calibre
328:fouling
276:version
1852:Hwacha
1793:Early
1694:Prangi
1669:Mortar
1594:Cannon
1556:Early
1517:Musket
1497:Jingal
1432:Rifles
1394:Pistol
1309:Dragon
1021:Europe
995:French
976:France
854:Crude
775:spring
633:muzzle
569:walnut
545:fouled
537:barrel
492:France
472:musket
411:Sights
349:Action
303:Barrel
294:Length
80:France
44:Musket
974:from
918:Dutch
911:locks
817:rebel
690:steel
613:spear
565:stock
533:rifle
500:Tulle
478:or a
92:Haiti
1797:and
1664:Lela
1566:Abus
1434:and
1238:and
1019:and
1004:and
943:and
935:and
916:The
907:Tula
897:The
892:Navy
713:(in
695:cock
645:shot
618:club
602:The
595:and
435:The
286:Mass
240:1717
122:Wars
40:Type
1183:???
958:Use
842:).
643:or
448:).
262:No.
2021::
1023:.
990:.
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924:.
831:.
647:.
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571:.
502:,
490:,
486:,
414:A
330:,
224:,
220:,
216:,
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204:,
200:,
196:,
192:,
188:,
184:,
180:,
176:,
172:,
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164:,
160:,
156:,
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128:,
114:,
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106:,
102:,
98:,
94:,
90:,
86:,
82:,
1228:e
1221:t
1214:v
1134:.
356:/
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