1369:
nostrils are laterally-positioned on the snout, not dorsally-positioned. The histology of its bones is reminiscent of terrestrial animals, not semiaquatic ones. However, support for a semiaquatic lifestyle comes from its brain anatomy, which resembles semiaquatic predators such as crocodiles more closely than terrestrial reptiles. The orientation of its ear canals suggests its neutral head posture had the snout angled upward, which would have raised the nostrils high enough for the animal to breathe while largely submerged. However, the utility of the orientation of the semicircular canal in determining head posture and habitat preference has been challenged.
1348:
1399:, it may be an example of mutual sexual selection. The snout may have been used in a specialized method of predation, as it exhibits high resistance to dorsoventral bending. However, what this method may have been is unclear. The premaxillary teeth do not show wear facets and did not occlude with the teeth of the lower jaw, indicating that they were not used in any abrasive activities and could not have been used to grip prey. The snout tip did not have the pressure receptors present in crocodilians and
4250:
2858:
157:
1518:
1414:
136:
6702:
6688:
498:
6714:
4566:
3609:
3594:
4237:
3601:
4244:
6726:
1151:
571:
562:, as in other archosauriforms, but in other specimens, there is a narrow gap between the bones so that the lower temporal bar is incomplete as in non-archosauriform archosauromorphs. The lower jaw bears a small external mandibular fenestra, another characteristic of archosauriforms and their closest relatives.
1368:
is debated. It has conventionally been depicted as a semiaquatic ambush predator similar to modern crocodiles. However, it lived in an arid environment and many aspects of its anatomy conflict with a semiaquatic lifestyle. In particular, its limbs are well-ossified, as in terrestrial animals, and the
1427:
had mesopic vision, indicating that it was adapted to see well in both bright and dim light. Mesopic vision is characteristic of cathemeral animals, which are active in both night and day, and crepuscular animals, which are active in twilight. Adaptations to see in dim light may have been ancestral
1531:
grew quickly. It probably reached sexual maturity within a year, at roughly two-thirds of its maximum adult body size. Rapid growth rates were typical of Early
Triassic archosauromorphs, and may have been an adaptation to surviving the hostile environment of the Early Triassic. Juvenile
538:
were recurved, labiolingually compressed, and serrated, as in most archosauriforms. They were isodont, or all equal in size and shape, in adult individuals, but in juveniles, the teeth were less strongly curved in the back of the jaw.
448:
was a mid-sized quadrupedal reptile with a sprawling stance that could reach a length of up to 3.5 meters (11 ft). It had a large head and distinctively hooked snout. It was a predator, which may have hunted prey such as
1646:
Ezcurra, Martín D.; Butler, Richard J. (2015). "Taxonomy of the proterosuchid archosauriforms (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the earliest
Triassic of South Africa, and implications for the early archosauriform radiation".
2390:
Liu, Jun; Butler, Richard; Sullivan, Corwin; Ezcurra, Martin (2015). "'Chasmatosaurus ultimus,' a putative proterosuchid archosauriform from the Middle
Triassic, is an indeterminate crown archosaur".
2476:
Botha-Brink, Jennifer; Smith, Roger M. H. (2011). "Osteohistology of the
Triassic archosauromorphs Prolacerta, Proterosuchus, Euparkeria, and Erythrosuchus from the Karoo Basin of South Africa".
5306:
4633:
2765:
2833:
Smith, Roger; Rubidge, Bruce; van der Walt, Merrill (2012). "Therapsid biodiversity patterns and paleoenvironments of the Karoo Basin, South Africa". In
Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan (ed.).
2110:
Ezcurra, Martín D.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Sengupta, Dhurjati P.; Sen, Kasturi; Sennikov, Andrey G.; Sookias, Roland B.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Butler, Richard J. (25 October 2023).
1749:
Butler, Richard J.; Sennikov, Andrey G.; Dunne, Emma M.; Ezcurra, Martin D.; Hedrick, Brandon P.; Maidment, Susannah C. R.; Meade, Luke E.; Raven, Thomas J.; Gower, David J. (2019).
1008:. Proterosuchidae is, by definition, the most basal clade of archosauriforms, as Archosauriformes is defined based on their phylogenetic position. Under pre-cladistic taxonomy,
5016:
1806:
Charig, Alan J.; Sues, Hans-Dieter; Charig, Alan J.; Krebs, Bernard; Sues, Hans-Dieter; Westphal, Frank (1976). "Suborder
Proterosuchia Broom 1906b". In Oskar Kuhn (ed.).
526:
had a proportionally large head and long neck compared to its body. The most distinctive characteristic of its head was its strongly hooked snout, formed by a downturned
4602:
2310:"Postcranial osteology of Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis (?Middle to Upper Triassic, Isalo Group, Madagascar) and its systematic position among stem archosaur reptiles"
1716:
516:
is the largest known proterosuchid with a skull length of 47.7 cm (18.8 in) and a possible body length of 3.5–4 m (11–13 ft). Like most reptiles,
6808:
1224:. It was named in 1924 by Haughton. The species name honors E. C. N. van Hoepen, who collected and prepared the holotype. It is now considered a junior synonym of
6495:
5273:
5311:
2806:
Smith, Roger; Botha, Jennifer (2005). "The recovery of terrestrial vertebrate diversity in the South
African Karoo Basin after the end-Permian extinction".
1105:
are junior synonyms of it. The holotype is poorly preserved and indeterminate, and a neotype has been suggested. It is distinguished from other species of
6872:
5278:
2891:
1612:
Sullivan, Corwin (2015). "Evolution of hind limb posture in
Triassic archosauriforms". In Dial, Kenneth P.; Shubin, Neil; Brainerd, Elizabeth L. (eds.).
1493:
possessed fibrolamellar bone, indicative of a high growth rate and corresponding high metabolism. However, studies conflict on whether the metabolism of
1141:
by a deep horizontal process of the maxilla, a sinusoidal ventral margin of the maxilla, and a gap in the tooth row between the premaxilla and maxilla.
1121:
was named by A. Hoffmann in 1965 based on a subadult specimen. It is currently only known from one specimen. It is distinguished from other species of
1751:"Cranial anatomy and taxonomy of the erythrosuchid archosauriform 'Vjushkovia triplicostata' Huene, 1960, from the Early Triassic of European Russia"
6795:
2112:"A new archosauriform species from the Panchet Formation of India and the diversification of Proterosuchidae after the end-Permian mass extinction"
6887:
1559:
1373:
was a predator, but the specifics of its diet are not known. It has been suggested to have eaten fish or the abundant contemporary dicynodont
486:
4595:
2842:
1452:
had a strong sense of smell, similar to that of modern crocodiles. However, its olfactory bulbs were not as large as those of its relative
6867:
5117:
6500:
1448:
probably did not rely heavily on vocal communication and may have been relatively solitary. Based on the size of its olfactory bulbs,
1133:
was named by Martín D. Ezcurra and
Richard J. Butler in 2015, based on a specimen that had originally been described as a specimen of
2428:
Ezcurra, Martín D.; Butler, Richard J.; Gower, David J. (2013). "'Proterosuchia': the origin and early history of
Archosauriformes".
5052:
1815:
1693:
6882:
6718:
6597:
4588:
2308:
Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Flynn, John J.; Pritchard, Adam C.; Parrish, J. Michael; Ranivoharimanana, Lovasoa; Wyss, André R. (2015).
1987:"The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms"
530:. The premaxilla contained up to nine teeth in adults, and the teeth in the snout tip were splayed out to the sides. The jaws of
5882:
2568:"A test of the lateral semicircular canal correlation to head posture, diet and other biological traits in "ungulate" mammals"
1440:, so its mesopic vision may have instead been an adaptation to the highly seasonal day lengths it experienced. The hearing of
1326:
of China. It was long believed to be the geologically youngest species of proterosuchid, as it would be the only one from the
6877:
6552:
6490:
5887:
2884:
2566:
Benoit, J.; Legendre, L. J.; Farke, A. A.; Neenan, J. M.; Mennecart, B.; Costeur, L.; Merigeaud, S.; Manger, P. R. (2020).
5872:
5867:
5268:
5125:
4249:
1836:
Ezcurra, Martín D. (2017). "Can social and sexual selection explain the bizarre snout of proterosuchid archosauriforms?".
6453:
6148:
5892:
5316:
1548:
1296:
1233:
156:
1347:
6143:
5877:
2766:"Bone histology of Azendohsaurus laaroussii: Implications for the evolution of thermometabolism in Archosauromorpha"
5171:
5161:
5135:
1522:
534:
contained numerous teeth, with up to 9 premaxillary, 31 maxillary, and 28 dentary teeth in each side. The teeth of
512:
was a quadrupedal reptile with a sprawling stance. It could reach a total length of up to 3.5 meters (11 ft).
2524:
Brown, Emily E.; Butler, Richard J.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.; Lautenschlager, Stephan (2019).
459:
remains debated; it may have been terrestrial or it may have been a semiaquatic ambush predator similar to modern
6572:
5097:
4569:
2877:
1039:
member of the family Proterosuchidae, and the only definitive proterosuchid to not be a member of the subfamily
6193:
5062:
4713:
4649:
4168:
4059:
3593:
3543:
1391:
is not fully known. The most likely use was in sexual or social signaling, similar to the hooked snout of male
664:
4236:
2666:
Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology".
6862:
6542:
6022:
5130:
4845:
4799:
4723:
4611:
3492:
2209:
Huxley, Thomas H. (1865). "On a collection of vertebrate fossils from the Panchet Rocks, Ranigunj, Bengal".
1097:
donated by John Fergus, for whom the species was named. It is known from several specimens, and the species
4243:
2625:
Chang, Belinda S. W.; Jönsson, Karolina; Kazmi, Manija A.; Donoghue, Michael J.; Sakmar, Thomas P. (2002).
6750:
6557:
6485:
6448:
5140:
5021:
4784:
3608:
3518:
559:
2525:
2038:"Osteology of the archosauromorph Teyujagua paradoxa and the early evolution of the archosauriform skull"
6834:
5067:
4197:
3600:
1036:
998:, which also contains crocodilians, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs, including birds. It is the type genus of
1444:
was likely adapted for lower frequencies, as in modern crocodiles. Due to its low-sensitivity hearing,
546:
exhibits many features characteristic of its position as a basal archosauriform. It bears a prominent
6782:
6629:
6587:
6537:
5243:
5234:
4931:
4674:
4100:
2675:
2579:
2437:
1762:
421:
1945:
Welman, J. (1998). "The taxonomy of the South African proterosuchids (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha)".
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2092:
1863:
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1323:
435:
342:
151:
2526:"Endocranial anatomy and life habits of the Early Triassic archosauriform Proterosuchus fergusi"
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2018:
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2597:
2587:
2540:
2485:
2445:
2399:
2321:
2287:
2238:
2190:
Hoffmann, A.C. (1965). "On the discovery of a new thecodont from the Middle Beaufort Beds".
2139:
2123:
2082:
2049:
2008:
1998:
1954:
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1907:
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3850:
3841:
3736:
3722:
3380:
3315:
3299:
3252:
3087:
2643:
2626:
2291:
1330:. However, it is no longer considered to be a proterosuchid and is now considered to be a
1327:
1137:. It is currently only known from one specimen. It is distinguished from other species of
1040:
999:
869:
237:
135:
2679:
2583:
2441:
2144:
2111:
1766:
1575:
were the largest carnivores in the ecosystem at the time, and soon after the extinction
30:"Chasmatosaurus" redirects here. For the similarly-named related genus from Russia, see
6692:
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1303:
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392:
385:
48:
31:
1271:. It is considered to be in need of taxonomic revision. It is more closely related to
6856:
6516:
6443:
6381:
6253:
6248:
6223:
6173:
6092:
6067:
5992:
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3337:
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3281:
3230:
3187:
3138:
2957:
2792:
2552:
2505:
1567:
1501:. Its metabolic rate was lower than most other crocopods, except for the ectothermic
1267:. It is considered a valid species of proterosuchid, but is not formally assigned to
1110:
1017:
822:
617:
555:
86:
2703:
2457:
2411:
2333:
2096:
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5520:
5398:
5383:
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5107:
4518:
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4317:
4307:
4287:
4186:
3967:
3893:
3788:
3329:
3222:
3148:
3077:
2720:
Legendre, Lucas J.; Guénard, Guillaume; Botha-Brink, Jennifer; Cubo, Jorge (2016).
2259:
Haughton, S.H. (1924). "On a new type of thecodont from the Middle Beaufort Beds".
1958:
1592:
1571:
1506:
1375:
1353:
1307:
1244:
1077:
1021:
497:
470:
451:
425:
417:
396:
363:
283:
266:
257:
1849:
469:
is one of the earliest members of the clade Archosauriformes, which also includes
2489:
2403:
2071:"The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades"
1683:
6407:
6344:
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5811:
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5711:
5661:
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5515:
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5102:
5057:
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4402:
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4337:
3957:
3916:
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3436:
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3308:
2325:
2054:
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1401:
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1048:
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888:
884:
772:
640:
61:
2819:
2592:
570:
6438:
6402:
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6183:
6102:
6087:
6072:
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5932:
5922:
5726:
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5565:
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5525:
5505:
5485:
5332:
5219:
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4203:
4076:
4034:
4020:
3997:
3947:
3871:
3827:
3820:
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3692:
3681:
3671:
3550:
3373:
3359:
3322:
3208:
3173:
3098:
2973:
2930:
2853:
2229:
Charig, A. J.; Reig, O. A. (1970). "The classification of the Proterosuchia".
1588:
1502:
1498:
1486:
846:
681:
527:
474:
460:
106:
71:
17:
6773:
2135:
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6042:
6027:
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5796:
5781:
5751:
5706:
5686:
5646:
5540:
5495:
5460:
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5424:
5408:
5347:
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5031:
4483:
4347:
4112:
4089:
3937:
3879:
3796:
3467:
3419:
3245:
2738:
2722:"Paleohistological evidence for ancestral high metabolic rate in archosaurs"
2721:
2687:
1509:, which may have been an adaptation to a crocodile-like predatory strategy.
1475:
1287:
was named by Robert Broom in 1946. It is now considered a junior synonym of
1094:
983:
714:
478:
168:
111:
55:
2747:
2695:
2652:
2611:
2153:
2036:
Pinheiro, Felipe L.; de Simão-Oliveira, Daniel; Butler, Richard J. (2019).
2022:
1931:
1792:
4580:
1730:
Thornley, A. L. (1970). "Epidermal remnants of Proterosuchus vanhoepeni".
6767:
6228:
6203:
6168:
5620:
5570:
5403:
5373:
5075:
2924:
188:
101:
96:
81:
76:
66:
2784:
2497:
2127:
1774:
1458:, suggesting different habits and potentially a more aquatic ecology in
489:, the largest known mass extinction in the timeline of Earth's history.
6800:
6667:
5977:
2939:
2544:
2003:
1892:"Post-hatchling cranial ontogeny in the Early Triassic diapsid reptile
1858:
1660:
1558:
was the first new species to arrive in the Karoo environment after the
1319:
1184:
was named in 1865 by Thomas Henry Huxley, based on a specimen from the
1044:
388:
198:
116:
91:
1912:
1685:
Anatomy, Phylogeny and Palaeobiology of Early Archosaurs and Their Kin
6268:
4392:
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2918:
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1392:
1331:
1260:
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1169:
in the past that are either no longer valid or no longer assigned to
178:
6744:
2309:
2070:
2869:
1682:
Julia Brenda Desojo, Randall B. Irmis, Sterling J. Nesbitt (2013).
2087:
1810:(1st ed.). Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag. pp. 11–39.
1516:
1412:
1346:
1264:
1189:
1149:
569:
551:
496:
482:
381:
6787:
1208:
would have priority over the other names. It is now considered a
27:
Extinct genus of reptiles from the Early Triassic of South Africa
4174:
1291:, with the holotype being a juvenile specimen thereof. Like all
1093:. It was named in 1903 by Robert Broom based on a specimen from
6748:
6646:
6618:
6474:
5295:
5208:
4970:
4622:
4584:
4265:
3625:
3035:
2911:
2873:
1596:. The environment was hot, semi-arid and experienced droughts.
1318:
was named by C. C. Young in 1964, based on a specimen from the
2278:
Young, C. C. (1936). "On a new Chasmatosaurus from Sinkiang".
2627:"Recreating a Functional Ancestral Archosaur Visual Pigment"
2347:
Broom, R. (1946). "A new primitive proterosuchid reptile".
5307:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa
4634:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa
2837:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 31–62.
1056:
diverged from other proterosuchids during the Permian.
1432:
may have been an early example of this trend. However,
2835:
Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation, Histology, Biology
1072:
currently contains three valid species, all from the
4468:
4458:
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4398:
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4368:
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3154:
3144:
3134:
3124:
3114:
3104:
3094:
3083:
3073:
3063:
2366:
Young, C.-C. (1964). "The pseudosuchians in China".
2171:) from the Karroo beds of Tarkastad, South Africa".
1808:
Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie: Teil 13: Thecodontia
550:, like most archosauriforms. In some specimens, the
325:
312:
299:
273:
6757:
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6426:
6395:
6374:
6358:
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6161:
6136:
5905:
5860:
5629:
5438:
5417:
5356:
5325:
5180:
5149:
5116:
5045:
5017:
Tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt
4942:
4769:
4683:
4642:
4511:
4482:
4357:
4276:
4185:
4156:
4120:
4111:
4085:
4074:
4044:
4007:
3914:
3837:
3807:
3732:
3638:
3560:
3529:
3503:
3477:
3417:
3298:
3270:
3198:
3168:
3048:
2999:
2972:
2314:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
2075:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
2471:
2469:
2467:
2430:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
1204:in the past, but if this synonymy were correct,
2715:
2713:
2254:
2252:
2192:Researches of the National Museum, Bloemfontein
1890:Ezcurra, Martín D.; Butler, Richard J. (2015).
6496:Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope
5274:Department of Mineral Resources (South Africa)
2423:
2421:
2303:
2301:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
558:contact to complete the ventral margin of the
5312:Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone Belt
4596:
2885:
2224:
2222:
2220:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1614:Great Transformations in Vertebrate Evolution
8:
2519:
2517:
2515:
1715:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1536:may have hunted different prey from adults.
1395:. As the snout does not appear to have been
2759:
2757:
2280:Bulletin of the Geological Society of China
6745:
6725:
6643:
6615:
6506:
6471:
6133:
5857:
5322:
5292:
5279:Department of Mineral Resources and Energy
5205:
5042:
4967:
4639:
4619:
4603:
4589:
4581:
4273:
4262:
4117:
4082:
3926:
3922:
3650:
3646:
3635:
3622:
3425:
3179:
3056:
3045:
3032:
2978:
2969:
2908:
2892:
2878:
2870:
2385:
2383:
2381:
1052:, this would suggest that the ancestor of
134:
38:
2737:
2642:
2601:
2591:
2231:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2211:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India
2143:
2086:
2053:
2042:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2012:
2002:
1921:
1911:
1857:
1782:
416:. All three species lived in what is now
2764:Cubo, Jorge; Jalil, Nour-Eddine (2019).
1485:had a higher metabolic rate than extant
1154:Life reconstruction of "Chasmatosaurus"
1604:
1554:of the Beaufort Group in South Africa.
395:. It contains three valid species: the
1708:
1161:Several species have been assigned to
2644:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004211
2292:10.1111/j.1755-6724.1936.mp15003003.x
2167:Broom, R. (1903). "On a new reptile (
1583:thrived. The most common tetrapod in
1259:in 1936, based on specimens from the
7:
1387:The function of the hooked snout in
424:by the South African paleontologist
2368:Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C
1043:. As Chasmatosuchinae contains the
862:
838:
814:
764:
757:
730:
706:
656:
632:
610:
588:
485:. It lived in the aftermath of the
6501:Geological Society of South Africa
2478:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2392:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2243:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1970.tb01708.x
2173:Annals of the South African Museum
1947:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1688:. Geological Society. p. 20.
1587:s environment was the herbivorous
1334:archosaur. It is now considered a
1196:has been regarded as a synonym of
1020:. Both taxa are now recognized as
25:
6873:Early Triassic reptiles of Africa
5053:List of volcanoes in South Africa
1024:groups of basal archosauriforms.
487:Permian–Triassic extinction event
6724:
6713:
6712:
6700:
6686:
6598:Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker
4565:
4564:
4248:
4242:
4235:
3607:
3599:
3592:
2856:
1579:declined and went extinct while
1002:, which also contains the genus
155:
5883:Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone
2631:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1497:was within the range of extant
6491:Evolutionary Studies Institute
5888:Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone
2349:Annals of the Transvaal Museum
2261:Annals of the Transvaal Museum
1959:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011062
1616:. University of Chicago Press.
1:
6888:Fossil taxa described in 1903
5873:Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone
5868:Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone
5269:Minerals Council South Africa
5126:1620 Robben Island earthquake
2069:Nesbitt, Sterling J. (2011).
1850:10.1080/08912963.2016.1161033
1263:-age Jiucaiyuan Formation of
6476:Research and administration
6149:Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone
5893:Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone
2490:10.1080/02724634.2011.621797
2404:10.1080/02724634.2015.965779
1109:by its more strongly curved
1012:was classified in the order
6144:Cynognathus Assemblage Zone
5878:Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone
2326:10.1206/amnb-899-00-1-126.1
1985:Ezcurra, Martín D. (2016).
1560:Permian–Triassic extinction
6904:
6868:Prehistoric reptile genera
5172:Vredefort impact structure
5162:Morokweng impact structure
5136:2006 Mozambique earthquake
2820:10.1016/j.crpv.2005.07.005
2593:10.1038/s41598-020-76757-0
2116:Royal Society Open Science
1755:Royal Society Open Science
1523:Iziko South African Museum
1295:specimens, it is from the
1232:specimens, it is from the
1188:-age Panchet Formation of
334:Ezcurra & Butler, 2015
29:
6680:
6653:
6642:
6625:
6614:
6573:Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer
6481:
6470:
6454:Waterloo Farm lagerstätte
5317:Waterloo Farm lagerstätte
5302:
5291:
5215:
5204:
5098:Barberton Greenstone Belt
4977:
4966:
4629:
4618:
4560:
4272:
4261:
4232:
3929:
3925:
3653:
3649:
3634:
3621:
3590:
3428:
3182:
3059:
3044:
3031:
2981:
2968:
2907:
2055:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz093
1547:fossils are found in the
1275:than to other species of
1217:Chasmatosaurus vanhoepeni
1135:Chasmatosaurus vanhoepeni
1099:Chasmatosaurus vanhoepeni
978:Phylogenetic position of
882:
867:
860:
843:
836:
819:
812:
786:
769:
762:
755:
735:
728:
711:
704:
678:
661:
654:
637:
630:
615:
608:
593:
420:. The genus was named in
404:and the referred species
348:
341:
296:
291:
272:
265:
152:Scientific classification
150:
142:
133:
41:
6194:Coelophysis rhodesiensis
5063:Pilanesberg Game Reserve
4714:Table Mountain Sandstone
4650:Bushveld Igneous Complex
1474:is disputed. Like other
1118:Proterosuchus alexanderi
304:Proterosuchus alexanderi
6883:Fossils of South Africa
6707:South Africa portal
6543:Charles Kimberlin Brain
5131:1969 Tulbagh earthquake
4846:Abrahamskraal Formation
4800:Sundays River Formation
4724:Abrahamskraal Formation
4612:Geology of South Africa
2688:10.1126/science.1200043
1732:Palaeontologia Africana
1220:is the type species of
1089:is the type species of
560:lower temporal fenestra
6558:Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan
6486:Council for Geoscience
6449:West Coast Fossil Park
5141:2014 Orkney earthquake
5022:Terra Australis Orogen
4972:Tectonics and orogeny
4785:Buffelskloof Formation
2808:Comptes Rendus Palevol
1525:
1421:
1361:
1315:Chasmatosaurus ultimus
1284:Elaphrosuchus rubidgei
1165:or its junior synonym
1158:
1103:Elaphrosuchus rubidgei
994:is an early member of
581:
506:
391:that lived during the
6878:Triassic South Africa
6835:Paleobiology Database
5068:Prince Edward Islands
4624:Geological formations
2739:10.1093/sysbio/syw033
2169:Proterosuchus fergusi
1894:Proterosuchus fergusi
1520:
1416:
1350:
1289:Proterosuchus fergusi
1226:Proterosuchus fergusi
1153:
1086:Proterosuchus fergusi
573:
514:Proterosuchus fergusi
500:
317:Proterosuchus fergusi
278:Proterosuchus fergusi
6630:Geology of Cape Town
6588:John Talbot Robinson
6538:Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra
5244:Coal in South Africa
5235:Banket (mining term)
4932:Normandien Formation
4675:Transvaal Supergroup
1273:Proterosuchus goweri
1252:Chasmatosaurus yuani
1130:Proterosuchus goweri
1125:by its longer snout.
330:Proterosuchus goweri
6593:George William Stow
6434:Cradle of Humankind
5188:Bellsbank meteorite
5081:Finsch diamond mine
5037:Witwatersrand Basin
5012:Makhonjwa Mountains
4883:Whitehill Formation
4861:Middleton Formation
4749:Whitehill Formation
4739:Ganigobis Formation
4699:Ganigobis Formation
2864:Paleontology portal
2785:10.1017/pab.2019.13
2680:2011Sci...332..705S
2584:2020NatSR..1019602B
2442:2013GSLSP.379....9E
2128:10.1098/rsos.230387
1775:10.1098/rsos.191289
1767:2019RSOS....691289B
1428:to archosaurs, and
1180:Ankistrodon indicus
575:Life reconstruction
548:antorbital fenestra
505:compared to a human
455:. The lifestyle of
6693:Geology portal
6568:Alfred W. Crompton
6533:Andrew Geddes Bain
5817:Pristerognathoides
5257:Titanium in Africa
5252:Platinum in Africa
5248:Iron ore in Africa
5091:Koffiefontein mine
5086:Jagersfontein Mine
4997:Gondwanide orogeny
4895:Bushveld Sandstone
4866:Teekloof Formation
4795:Kirkwood Formation
4744:Teekloof Formation
4655:Fig Tree Formation
4534:Ichthyosauromorpha
4524:Drepanosauromorpha
2726:Systematic Biology
2572:Scientific Reports
2545:10.1111/pala.12454
2004:10.7717/peerj.1778
1900:Journal of Anatomy
1838:Historical Biology
1661:10.1111/pala.12130
1526:
1470:The metabolism of
1422:
1397:sexually dimorphic
1362:
1324:Ermaying Formation
1159:
582:
507:
6850:
6849:
6822:Open Tree of Life
6751:Taxon identifiers
6742:
6741:
6676:
6675:
6658:Pothole (geology)
6638:
6637:
6620:Regional articles
6610:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6563:H. Basil S. Cooke
6466:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6239:Heterodontosaurus
6157:
6156:
5901:
5900:
5832:Promoschorhynchus
5287:
5286:
5262:Uranium in Africa
5210:Mineral deposits
5200:
5199:
5196:
5195:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4927:Molteno Formation
4922:Katberg Formation
4900:Clarens Formation
4856:Katberg Formation
4851:Balfour Formation
4819:Drakensberg Group
4807:Kalahari Deposits
4729:Balfour Formation
4660:Komatii Formation
4578:
4577:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4257:
4256:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4070:
4069:
3910:
3909:
3617:
3616:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3413:
3412:
3403:Sharovipterygidae
3272:Sharovipterygidae
3216:Dinocephalosaurus
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
2844:978-0-253-35697-0
1913:10.1111/joa.12300
1364:The lifestyle of
1031:(2023) recovered
989:
988:
972:
971:
963:
962:
954:
953:
945:
944:
936:
935:
927:
926:
918:
917:
909:
908:
900:
899:
801:
800:
693:
692:
373:
372:
367:
356:
335:
322:
309:
261:
16:(Redirected from
6895:
6843:
6842:
6830:
6829:
6817:
6816:
6804:
6803:
6791:
6790:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6746:
6728:
6727:
6716:
6715:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6691:
6690:
6644:
6616:
6507:
6472:
6134:
5858:
5787:Macroscelesaurus
5667:Cistecephaloides
5652:Blattoidealestes
5476:Cistecephaloides
5379:Deltacephalaspis
5323:
5293:
5206:
5043:
4968:
4917:Elliot Formation
4905:Elliot Formation
4836:Karoo Supergroup
4670:Onverwacht Group
4640:
4620:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4582:
4568:
4567:
4512:Possible members
4470:
4460:
4450:
4440:
4430:
4420:
4410:
4400:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4345:
4335:
4325:
4315:
4305:
4295:
4285:
4274:
4263:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4144:
4133:
4118:
4088:
4083:
4047:
4010:
3995:
3985:
3975:
3965:
3955:
3945:
3935:
3927:
3923:
3840:
3810:
3735:
3720:
3710:
3700:
3690:
3679:
3669:
3659:
3651:
3647:
3641:Archosauriformes
3636:
3628:Archosauriformes
3623:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3562:Archosauriformes
3532:
3506:
3480:
3465:
3455:
3447:Cryptovaranoides
3444:
3434:
3426:
3353:Langobardisaurus
3239:Protanystropheus
3200:Trachelosauridae
3180:
3172:
3159:Vritramimosaurus
3156:
3146:
3136:
3126:
3119:Mecistotrachelos
3116:
3106:
3096:
3085:
3075:
3068:Aenigmastropheus
3065:
3057:
3051:Archosauromorpha
3046:
3038:Archosauromorpha
3033:
3001:Archosauromorpha
2979:
2970:
2963:
2962:
2909:
2901:Archosauromorpha
2894:
2887:
2880:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2848:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2814:(6–7): 623–636.
2803:
2797:
2796:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2646:
2637:(9): 1483–1489.
2622:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2595:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2530:
2521:
2510:
2509:
2484:(6): 1238–1254.
2473:
2462:
2461:
2450:10.1144/SP379.11
2425:
2416:
2415:
2387:
2376:
2375:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2016:
2006:
1982:
1963:
1962:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1887:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1833:
1822:
1821:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1643:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1479:archosauromorphs
1438:Antarctic Circle
1041:Chasmatosuchinae
996:Archosauriformes
863:
839:
815:
765:
758:
752:Archosauriformes
731:
707:
657:
633:
611:
589:
584:
583:
520:had scaly skin.
362:
354:
333:
327:
320:
314:
308:(Haughton, 1965)
307:
301:
275:
256:
249:
236:
225:Archosauriformes
212:Archosauromorpha
160:
159:
138:
128:
58:
47:Temporal range:
39:
21:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6892:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6838:
6833:
6825:
6820:
6812:
6807:
6799:
6794:
6786:
6781:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6753:
6743:
6738:
6701:
6699:
6685:
6672:
6663:Steep structure
6649:
6634:
6621:
6602:
6526:Paleontologists
6521:
6505:
6477:
6458:
6422:
6418:Vulpes skinneri
6391:
6370:
6354:
6350:Ptychoceratodus
6315:Acanthohoplites
6303:
6279:Ptychoceratodus
6153:
6132:
6083:Ptychoceratodus
6058:Platycraniellus
5983:Ictidosuchoides
5897:
5856:
5837:Scalopocephalus
5822:Pristerognathus
5737:Homodontosaurus
5625:
5551:Ictidosuchoides
5491:Dicynodontoides
5471:Charassognathus
5434:
5413:
5389:Gondwanascorpio
5352:
5321:
5298:
5283:
5211:
5192:
5176:
5145:
5112:
5041:
5027:Transvaal Basin
5007:Kalahari Craton
5002:Kaapvaal Craton
4973:
4954:
4938:
4890:Stormberg Group
4829:Uitenhage Group
4780:Uitenhage Group
4765:
4709:Bokkeveld Group
4679:
4638:
4625:
4614:
4609:
4579:
4574:
4548:
4529:Kuehneosauridae
4507:
4478:
4463:Vjushkovisaurus
4353:
4328:Protecovasaurus
4268:
4253:
4234:
4210:
4181:
4169:Avemetatarsalia
4158:Avemetatarsalia
4152:
4107:
4079:
4066:
4060:Proterochampsia
4049:Proterochampsia
4040:
4003:
3919:
3906:
3851:Bharitalasuchus
3842:Erythrosuchidae
3833:
3803:
3737:Proterosuchidae
3728:
3723:Syntomiprosopus
3643:
3630:
3613:
3606:
3598:
3576:
3556:
3525:
3499:
3473:
3422:
3409:
3381:Sclerostropheus
3316:Augustaburiania
3300:Tanystropheidae
3294:
3266:
3253:Sclerostropheus
3194:
3176:
3164:
3088:Elachistosuchus
3053:
3040:
3015:
2995:
2964:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2898:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2674:(6030): 705–8.
2665:
2664:
2660:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2513:
2475:
2474:
2465:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2389:
2388:
2379:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2228:
2227:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2035:
2034:
2030:
1984:
1983:
1966:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1889:
1888:
1875:
1835:
1834:
1825:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1645:
1644:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1552:Assemblage Zone
1542:
1515:
1489:. Furthermore,
1468:
1436:lived near the
1411:
1385:
1351:Restoration of
1345:
1328:Middle Triassic
1300:Assemblage Zone
1237:Assemblage Zone
1148:
1067:
1062:
1000:Proterosuchidae
973:
964:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
870:Erythrosuchidae
802:
694:
568:
495:
287:
281:
255:
247:
238:Proterosuchidae
234:
154:
129:
127:
126:
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
53:
52:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6901:
6899:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6863:Proterosuchids
6855:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6831:
6818:
6805:
6792:
6779:
6763:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6749:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6710:
6696:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6612:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6583:James Kitching
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6513:
6511:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6475:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6413:Panthera shawi
6410:
6405:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6362:
6360:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6335:Macroscaphites
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6289:Sefapanosaurus
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6264:Massospondylus
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6209:Erythrotherium
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6140:
6138:
6131:
6130:
6128:Zorillodontops
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6053:Plateosauravus
6050:
6045:
6040:
6038:Olivierosuchus
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6018:Microgomphodon
6015:
6010:
6008:Melanorosaurus
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5958:Erythrotherium
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5913:Batrachosuchus
5909:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5864:
5862:
5855:
5854:
5852:Uranocentrodon
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5767:Lanthanostegus
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5697:Cynariognathus
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5657:Brachyprosopus
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5630:Beaufort Group
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5451:Alopecognathus
5448:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5338:Onychopterella
5335:
5329:
5327:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5167:Tswaing crater
5164:
5159:
5157:Kalkkop crater
5153:
5151:
5150:Impact craters
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4992:Ellisras Basin
4989:
4987:Cape Fold Belt
4984:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4841:Beaufort Group
4833:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4824:Enon Formation
4821:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4790:Enon Formation
4787:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4690:Carboniferous
4687:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4643:Palaeoarchaean
4637:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4585:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4544:Thalattosauria
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4466:
4456:
4446:
4436:
4426:
4416:
4406:
4396:
4386:
4376:
4365:
4363:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4341:
4331:
4321:
4311:
4301:
4291:
4280:
4278:
4270:
4269:
4267:Related topics
4266:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4200:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4171:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4140:
4128:
4126:
4123:Incertae sedis
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4094:
4092:
4080:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4053:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4028:Halazhaisuchus
4024:
4016:
4014:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3991:
3981:
3978:Marcianosuchus
3971:
3961:
3951:
3941:
3930:
3920:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3887:Guchengosuchus
3883:
3876:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3816:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3753:Chasmatosuchus
3749:
3741:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3696:
3686:
3675:
3665:
3654:
3644:
3639:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3537:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3512:
3510:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3493:Allokotosauria
3486:
3484:
3482:Allokotosauria
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3461:
3458:Tasmaniosaurus
3451:
3440:
3429:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3346:Gwyneddosaurus
3342:
3334:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3277:
3275:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3261:Trachelosaurus
3257:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3212:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3183:
3177:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3152:
3142:
3132:
3129:Prolacertoides
3122:
3112:
3109:Malutinisuchus
3102:
3092:
3081:
3071:
3060:
3054:
3049:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2982:
2976:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2912:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2825:
2798:
2779:(2): 317–330.
2753:
2732:(6): 989–986.
2709:
2658:
2617:
2558:
2539:(2): 255–282.
2511:
2463:
2417:
2398:(5): –965779.
2377:
2358:
2339:
2297:
2286:(3): 291–311.
2270:
2248:
2237:(2): 125–171.
2216:
2201:
2182:
2159:
2102:
2061:
2028:
1964:
1953:(2): 340–347.
1937:
1906:(5): 387–402.
1873:
1844:(3): 348–358.
1823:
1816:
1798:
1761:(11): 191289.
1741:
1722:
1694:
1674:
1655:(1): 141–170.
1619:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1585:Proterosuchus'
1568:therocephalian
1541:
1538:
1514:
1511:
1467:
1464:
1455:Tasmaniosaurus
1410:
1407:
1384:
1383:Snout function
1381:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1311:
1304:Beaufort Group
1280:
1248:
1241:Beaufort Group
1222:Chasmatosaurus
1213:
1202:Chasmatosaurus
1167:Chasmatosaurus
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1126:
1114:
1074:Lower Triassic
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
987:
986:
975:
974:
970:
969:
966:
965:
961:
960:
957:
956:
952:
951:
948:
947:
943:
942:
939:
938:
934:
933:
930:
929:
925:
924:
921:
920:
916:
915:
912:
911:
907:
906:
903:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
866:
861:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
842:
837:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
818:
813:
811:
808:
807:
804:
803:
799:
798:
795:
794:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
768:
763:
761:
756:
754:
748:
747:
744:
743:
739:Tasmaniosaurus
734:
729:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
710:
705:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
691:
690:
687:
686:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
660:
655:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
636:
631:
629:
626:
625:
622:
621:
614:
609:
607:
604:
603:
600:
599:
596:Allokotosauria
592:
587:
567:
566:Classification
564:
494:
491:
436:junior synonym
431:Chasmatosaurus
393:Early Triassic
386:archosauriform
380:is an extinct
371:
370:
369:
368:
357:
355:Haughton, 1924
352:Chasmatosaurus
346:
345:
339:
338:
337:
336:
323:
310:
294:
293:
289:
288:
282:
270:
269:
263:
262:
245:
241:
240:
232:
228:
227:
222:
215:
214:
209:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
140:
139:
131:
130:
122:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
59:
49:Early Triassic
46:
32:Chasmatosuchus
26:
24:
18:Chasmatosaurus
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6900:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6841:
6836:
6832:
6828:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6784:
6780:
6775:
6769:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6759:Proterosuchus
6756:
6752:
6747:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6645:
6641:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6624:
6617:
6613:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6517:Hans Merensky
6515:
6514:
6512:
6508:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6473:
6469:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6444:Scylacorhinus
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6382:Africanacetus
6380:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6254:Litargosuchus
6252:
6250:
6249:Lesothosaurus
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6224:Gigantoscelus
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6174:Abrictosaurus
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6135:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6093:Scaloposaurus
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6078:Proterosuchus
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6068:Progalesaurus
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Lepidodendron
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5968:Euskelosaurus
5966:
5964:
5963:Eucnemesaurus
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5953:Erythrosuchus
5951:
5949:
5948:Ericiolacerta
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5918:Blikanasaurus
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5802:Pelictosuchus
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5777:Lepidodendron
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5747:Ictidochampsa
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5692:Cryptocynodon
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5642:Anomocephalus
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5611:Thliptosaurus
5609:
5607:
5606:Theriognathus
5604:
5602:
5601:Stereosternum
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5586:Scylacosaurus
5584:
5582:
5581:Procynosuchus
5579:
5577:
5576:Odontocyclops
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Lepidodendron
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5546:Ictidognathus
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5511:Dwykaselachus
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5481:Crapartinella
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5456:Anomocephalus
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5431:
5430:Lepidodendron
5428:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:Carboniferous
5416:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5369:Antarctilamna
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5297:Paleontology
5294:
5290:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5230:Witwatersrand
5228:
5226:
5225:Merensky Reef
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5207:
5203:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4969:
4965:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4665:Moodies Group
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4571:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4539:Sauropterygia
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:Protorosauria
4496:
4494:
4493:Proterosuchia
4491:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4298:Lucianosaurus
4292:
4290:
4289:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4260:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4238:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:Sikannisuchus
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4073:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4012:Euparkeriidae
4006:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3988:Polymorphodon
3982:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3865:Erythrosuchus
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3812:Protopyknosia
3806:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3782:Samsarasuchus
3779:
3777:
3776:
3775:Proterosuchus
3772:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3713:Sarmatosuchus
3707:
3705:
3704:
3703:Koilamasuchus
3697:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3595:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:Prolacertidae
3528:
3520:
3519:Rhynchosauria
3516:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3508:Rhynchosauria
3502:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3396:Tanytrachelos
3393:
3391:
3390:
3389:Tanystropheus
3386:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:Gracilicollum
3335:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3289:Sharovipteryx
3286:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:Gracilicollum
3228:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3189:
3188:Jesairosaurus
3185:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3139:Protorosaurus
3133:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2958:Archelosauria
2955:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2865:
2854:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2533:Palaeontology
2527:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2088:10.1206/352.1
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1817:3-437-30184-5
1813:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1697:
1695:9781862393615
1691:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:Palaeontology
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:Proterosuchus
1578:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:Proterosuchus
1561:
1557:
1556:Proterosuchus
1553:
1551:
1546:
1545:Proterosuchus
1540:Palaeoecology
1539:
1537:
1535:
1534:Proterosuchus
1530:
1529:Proterosuchus
1524:
1519:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:Proterosuchus
1492:
1491:Proterosuchus
1488:
1484:
1483:Proterosuchus
1480:
1477:
1473:
1472:Proterosuchus
1465:
1463:
1461:
1460:Proterosuchus
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:Proterosuchus
1447:
1446:Proterosuchus
1443:
1442:Proterosuchus
1439:
1435:
1434:Proterosuchus
1431:
1430:Proterosuchus
1426:
1425:Proterosuchus
1420:skull diagram
1419:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:Proterosuchus
1382:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:Proterosuchus
1367:
1366:Proterosuchus
1360:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1343:Palaeobiology
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1277:Proterosuchus
1274:
1270:
1269:Proterosuchus
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:was named by
1254:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:Proterosuchus
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:Proterosuchus
1168:
1164:
1163:Proterosuchus
1157:
1152:
1146:Other species
1145:
1140:
1139:Proterosuchus
1136:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1123:Proterosuchus
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:Proterosuchus
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:Proterosuchus
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:Proterosuchus
1065:Valid species
1064:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1054:Proterosuchus
1051:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:Proterosuchus
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:Proterosuchia
1016:and suborder
1015:
1011:
1010:Proterosuchus
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
992:Proterosuchus
985:
981:
980:Proterosuchus
977:
976:
968:
967:
959:
958:
950:
949:
941:
940:
932:
931:
923:
922:
914:
913:
905:
904:
896:
895:
892:
890:
886:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
865:
864:
858:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
848:
841:
840:
834:
833:
830:
829:
826:
825:
824:
823:Sarmatosuchus
817:
816:
810:
809:
806:
805:
797:
796:
793:
792:
791:
790:Proterosuchus
784:
783:
780:
779:
776:
775:
774:
767:
766:
760:
759:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
740:
733:
732:
726:
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
716:
709:
708:
702:
701:
698:
697:
689:
688:
685:
684:
683:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
666:
659:
658:
652:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
642:
635:
634:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
618:Rhynchosauria
613:
612:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
591:
590:
586:
585:
580:
576:
572:
565:
563:
561:
557:
556:quadratojugal
553:
549:
545:
544:Proterosuchus
542:The skull of
540:
537:
536:Proterosuchus
533:
532:Proterosuchus
529:
525:
524:Proterosuchus
521:
519:
518:Proterosuchus
515:
511:
510:Proterosuchus
504:
499:
492:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:Proterosuchus
464:
462:
458:
457:Proterosuchus
454:
453:
447:
446:Proterosuchus
443:
441:
440:Proterosuchus
437:
433:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:
409:
408:
407:P. alexanderi
403:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:
383:
379:
378:
377:Proterosuchus
365:
361:
360:Elaphrosuchus
358:
353:
350:
349:
347:
344:
340:
332:
331:
324:
319:
318:
311:
306:
305:
298:
297:
295:
290:
285:
280:
279:
271:
268:
264:
259:
254:
253:
252:Proterosuchus
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
149:
146:
141:
137:
132:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
57:
54:252–250
50:
44:
43:Proterosuchus
40:
37:
33:
19:
6758:
6731:
6717:
6698:
6684:
6578:Andre Keyser
6553:Alfred Brown
6548:Robert Broom
6340:Nqwebasaurus
6330:Kangnasaurus
6294:Sphenosuchus
6219:Geranosaurus
6199:Dracovenator
6179:Antetonitrus
6123:Ufudocyclops
6108:Tetracynodon
6098:Scymnosaurus
6077:
6003:Lystrosaurus
5988:Kannemeyeria
5943:Elliotherium
5842:Silpholestes
5792:Moschorhinus
5772:Leontosaurus
5742:Icticephalus
5732:Euchambersia
5682:Colobodectes
5672:Choerosaurus
5637:Aelurosaurus
5616:Trochosaurus
5596:Simorhinella
5591:Scymnosaurus
5536:Glossopteris
5521:Eunotosaurus
5399:Serenichthys
5384:Diplacanthus
5364:Africanaspis
5108:Karoo-Ferrar
4519:Choristodera
4484:Paraphyletic
4471:
4461:
4451:
4441:
4431:
4421:
4411:
4401:
4391:
4381:
4371:
4360:Nomina dubia
4358:
4346:
4336:
4326:
4318:Palaeosaurus
4316:
4308:Tecovasaurus
4306:
4296:
4288:Crosbysaurus
4286:
4241:
4204:crocodilians
4198:Pseudosuchia
4187:Pseudosuchia
4145:
4134:
4121:
4033:
4026:
4019:
3996:
3986:
3976:
3968:Litorosuchus
3966:
3956:
3946:
3936:
3899:
3894:Shansisuchus
3892:
3885:
3878:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3826:
3819:
3795:
3789:Tsylmosuchus
3787:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3751:
3744:
3721:
3711:
3701:
3691:
3680:
3670:
3660:
3597:
3549:
3542:
3466:
3456:
3445:
3435:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3336:
3330:Fuyuansaurus
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3287:
3280:
3259:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3223:Fuyuansaurus
3221:
3214:
3207:
3186:
3157:
3149:Rhombopholis
3147:
3137:
3127:
3117:
3107:
3097:
3086:
3078:Czatkowiella
3076:
3066:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2834:
2828:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2776:
2773:Paleobiology
2772:
2729:
2725:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2578:(1): 19602.
2575:
2571:
2561:
2536:
2532:
2481:
2477:
2433:
2429:
2395:
2391:
2374:(19): 1–205.
2371:
2367:
2361:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2317:
2313:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2264:
2260:
2234:
2230:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2045:
2041:
2031:
1994:
1990:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1841:
1837:
1807:
1801:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1701:14 September
1699:. Retrieved
1684:
1677:
1652:
1648:
1613:
1607:
1593:Lystrosaurus
1591:
1584:
1580:
1577:Moschorhinus
1576:
1572:Moschorhinus
1570:
1563:
1555:
1550:Lystrosaurus
1549:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1507:crocodilians
1494:
1490:
1482:
1471:
1469:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1400:
1388:
1386:
1376:Lystrosaurus
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1354:Lystrosaurus
1352:
1336:nomen dubium
1335:
1314:
1313:
1308:South Africa
1298:Lystrosaurus
1297:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1251:
1250:
1245:South Africa
1235:Lystrosaurus
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1210:nomen dubium
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1078:South Africa
1069:
1068:
1053:
1047:
1035:as the most
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:paraphyletic
1009:
1003:
991:
990:
979:
883:
868:
845:
844:
821:
820:
789:
788:
787:
771:
770:
737:
736:
713:
712:
680:
679:
663:
662:
639:
638:
616:
594:
578:
543:
541:
535:
531:
523:
522:
517:
513:
509:
508:
502:
481:, including
471:crocodilians
466:
465:
456:
452:Lystrosaurus
450:
445:
444:
439:
430:
429:
428:. The genus
426:Robert Broom
418:South Africa
412:
411:
406:
405:
400:
399:
397:type species
376:
375:
374:
359:
351:
329:
328:
316:
315:
303:
302:
277:
276:
267:Type species
251:
250:
218:
205:
144:
42:
36:
6408:Homo naledi
6396:Pleistocene
6345:Paranthodon
6320:Algoasaurus
6299:Tritheledon
6284:Pulanesaura
6214:Fabrosaurus
6189:Coelophysis
6137:Assemblages
6118:Trirachodon
6113:Thrinaxodon
6063:Procolophon
6048:Pentasaurus
6033:Noteosuchus
6023:Micropholis
5998:Lydekkerina
5938:Dinanomodon
5928:Cynognathus
5861:Assemblages
5827:Procolophon
5812:Pristerodon
5807:Polycynodon
5762:Ictidostoma
5757:Ictidodraco
5722:Eohyosaurus
5717:Eodicynodon
5712:Dinanomodon
5662:Broomistega
5531:Glanosuchus
5516:Endothiodon
5501:Dinanomodon
5466:Bulbasaurus
5394:Priscomyzon
5118:Earthquakes
5103:Drakensberg
5058:Pilanesberg
4982:Algoa Basin
4950:Algoa Group
4873:Dwyka Group
4776:Cretaceous
4755:Ordovician
4734:Dwyka Group
4694:Dwyka Group
4503:Thecodontia
4473:Wangisuchus
4453:Microcnemus
4433:Fenhosuchus
4423:Exilisuchus
4413:Collilongus
4403:Blomosuchus
4383:Ankistrodon
4338:Uatchitodon
4113:Archosauria
4101:Phytosauria
4090:Phytosauria
3958:Heteropelta
3917:Eucrocopoda
3901:Uralosaurus
3858:Chalishevia
3768:Jaikosuchus
3746:Archosaurus
3662:Antarctanax
3437:Boreopricea
3367:Macrocnemus
3309:Amotosaurus
2436:(1): 9–33.
2048:: 378–417.
1859:11336/44019
1402:Spinosaurus
1257:C. C. Young
1228:. Like all
1206:Ankistrodon
1194:Ankistrodon
1049:Archosaurus
1014:Thecodontia
1005:Archosaurus
889:Archosauria
885:Eucrocopoda
773:Archosaurus
641:Boreopricea
493:Description
321:Broom, 1903
6857:Categories
6510:Geologists
6439:Planolites
6403:Boskop Man
6308:Cretaceous
6274:Pegomastax
6259:Lycorhinus
6244:Ledumahadi
6234:Gyposaurus
6184:Arcusaurus
6103:Shansiodon
6088:Regisaurus
6073:Prolacerta
6013:Mesosuchus
5973:Galesaurus
5933:Diademodon
5923:Bolotridon
5727:Emyduranus
5702:Cynosaurus
5677:Clelandina
5566:Mesosaurus
5561:Lycosuchus
5526:Galechirus
5506:Dinogorgon
5486:Cynosaurus
5333:Notiodella
5326:Ordovician
5220:Kimberlite
5181:Meteorites
5072:Diatremes
4878:Ecca Group
4759:Soom Shale
4443:Megacnemus
4373:Albisaurus
4277:Tooth taxa
4077:Crurotarsi
4035:Osmolskina
4021:Euparkeria
3998:Vancleavea
3948:Dorosuchus
3872:Fugusuchus
3828:Triopticus
3821:Kranosaura
3761:Gamosaurus
3693:Kalisuchus
3682:Eorasaurus
3672:Cuyosuchus
3571:see below↓
3551:Prolacerta
3544:Kadimakara
3374:Raibliania
3360:Luxisaurus
3323:Cosesaurus
3209:Austronaga
3174:Tanysauria
3099:Elessaurus
3010:see below↓
2989:Sauropsida
2974:Sauropsida
2931:Sauropsida
2355:: 343–346.
2179:: 159–164.
1600:References
1589:dicynodont
1503:phytosaurs
1499:endotherms
1487:ectotherms
1466:Metabolism
1418:P. fergusi
1359:P. fergusi
1293:P. fergusi
1230:P. fergusi
887:(includes
847:Cuyosuchus
682:Prolacerta
665:Kadimakara
579:P. fergusi
528:premaxilla
503:P. fergusi
475:pterosaurs
461:crocodiles
401:P. fergusi
145:P. fergusi
6387:Nummulite
6366:Nummulite
6359:Paleogene
6325:Baculites
6043:Orosaurus
6028:Myosaurus
5847:Tamboeria
5797:Paliguana
5782:Lycideops
5752:Ictidodon
5707:Diictodon
5687:Compsodon
5647:Basilodon
5541:Hofmeyria
5496:Diictodon
5461:Basilodon
5446:Abdalodon
5425:Dadoxylon
5409:Umzantsia
5348:Soomaspis
5343:Promissum
5046:Volcanism
5032:Witteberg
4913:Triassic
4815:Jurassic
4705:Devonian
4684:Paleozoic
4348:Zanclodon
4202:includes
4173:includes
3938:Asperoris
3880:Garjainia
3797:Vonhuenia
3468:Teyujagua
3420:Crocopoda
3246:Pectodens
2917:Kingdom:
2793:155782789
2553:204271968
2506:130744235
2320:: 1–126.
2136:2054-5703
2081:: 1–292.
1997:: e1778.
1711:cite book
1521:Skull in
1095:Tarkastad
984:Crocopoda
715:Teyujagua
479:dinosaurs
413:P. goweri
175:Kingdom:
169:Eukaryota
143:Skull of
6788:10519902
6768:Wikidata
6733:Glossary
6719:Category
6229:Gryponyx
6204:Eocursor
6169:Aardonyx
6162:Jurassic
5906:Triassic
5621:Youngina
5571:Moschops
5404:Tutusius
5374:Bainella
5357:Devonian
5076:Big Hole
4943:Cenozoic
4770:Mesozoic
4720:Permian
4570:Category
2940:Diapsida
2925:Chordata
2923:Phylum:
2919:Animalia
2748:27073251
2704:33253407
2696:21493820
2653:12200476
2612:33177568
2498:41407682
2458:83614859
2412:86567970
2334:86289421
2267:: 93–97.
2198:: 33–40.
2154:37885992
2145:10598453
2097:83493714
2023:27162705
1932:25913624
1868:87274753
1793:31827861
1738:: 57–60.
1669:84348015
1566:and the
1513:Ontogeny
1476:crocopod
1111:quadrate
1027:Ezcurra
501:Size of
389:reptiles
343:Synonyms
292:Species
231:Family:
199:Reptilia
189:Chordata
185:Phylum:
179:Animalia
165:Domain:
6827:4126965
6814:1130006
6801:4817545
6774:Q134377
6668:Swazian
6375:Neogene
5978:Howesia
5439:Permian
2929:Class:
2676:Bibcode
2668:Science
2603:7658238
2580:Bibcode
2438:Bibcode
2014:4860341
1923:4450940
1784:6894557
1763:Bibcode
1332:suchian
1320:Anisian
1302:of the
1239:of the
1060:Species
1045:Permian
982:within
244:Genus:
195:Class:
123:↓
6269:Ngwevu
4486:groups
4393:Avipes
3282:Ozimek
2949:Sauria
2841:
2791:
2746:
2702:
2694:
2651:
2610:
2600:
2551:
2504:
2496:
2456:
2410:
2332:
2152:
2142:
2134:
2122:(10).
2095:
2021:
2011:
1930:
1920:
1866:
1814:
1791:
1781:
1692:
1667:
1409:Senses
1393:salmon
1261:Induan
1186:Induan
1029:et al.
477:, and
366:, 1946
286:, 1903
260:, 1903
6840:80904
6809:IRMNG
6648:Other
6427:Other
4175:birds
2954:Clade
2945:Clade
2936:Clade
2789:S2CID
2769:(PDF)
2700:S2CID
2549:S2CID
2529:(PDF)
2502:S2CID
2494:JSTOR
2454:S2CID
2408:S2CID
2330:S2CID
2093:S2CID
1991:PeerJ
1864:S2CID
1665:S2CID
1322:-age
1265:China
1190:India
1156:yuani
1037:basal
552:jugal
483:birds
434:is a
382:genus
364:Broom
284:Broom
258:Broom
219:Clade
206:Clade
6796:GBIF
4196:see
4167:see
4147:Smok
4099:see
4058:see
3517:see
3491:see
2987:see
2839:ISBN
2744:PMID
2692:PMID
2649:PMID
2608:PMID
2150:PMID
2132:ISSN
2019:PMID
1928:PMID
1812:ISBN
1789:PMID
1717:link
1703:2022
1690:ISBN
1505:and
1357:and
1101:and
554:and
422:1903
410:and
62:PreꞒ
6783:EoL
2816:doi
2781:doi
2734:doi
2684:doi
2672:332
2639:doi
2598:PMC
2588:doi
2541:doi
2486:doi
2446:doi
2434:379
2400:doi
2372:151
2322:doi
2318:398
2288:doi
2239:doi
2140:PMC
2124:doi
2083:doi
2079:352
2050:doi
2046:189
2009:PMC
1999:doi
1955:doi
1918:PMC
1908:doi
1904:226
1854:hdl
1846:doi
1779:PMC
1771:doi
1657:doi
1306:of
1243:of
1200:or
1076:of
577:of
438:of
384:of
6859::
6837::
6824::
6811::
6798::
6785::
6770::
2956::
2947::
2938::
2810:.
2787:.
2777:45
2775:.
2771:.
2756:^
2742:.
2730:65
2728:.
2724:.
2712:^
2698:.
2690:.
2682:.
2670:.
2647:.
2635:19
2633:.
2629:.
2606:.
2596:.
2586:.
2576:10
2574:.
2570:.
2547:.
2537:63
2535:.
2531:.
2514:^
2500:.
2492:.
2482:31
2480:.
2466:^
2452:.
2444:.
2432:.
2420:^
2406:.
2396:35
2394:.
2380:^
2370:.
2353:20
2351:.
2328:.
2316:.
2312:.
2300:^
2284:15
2282:.
2265:11
2263:.
2251:^
2233:.
2219:^
2194:.
2175:.
2148:.
2138:.
2130:.
2120:10
2118:.
2114:.
2091:.
2077:.
2073:.
2044:.
2040:.
2017:.
2007:.
1993:.
1989:.
1967:^
1951:18
1949:.
1926:.
1916:.
1902:.
1898:.
1876:^
1862:.
1852:.
1842:29
1840:.
1826:^
1787:.
1777:.
1769:.
1757:.
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