4084:
36:
368:
994:
microorganisms, however, are not limited to just one nutritional mode. For example, some algae live photoautotrophically in the light, but shift to chemoorganoheterotrophy in the dark. Even higher plants retained their ability to respire heterotrophically on starch at night which had been synthesised
327:
For example, plants are lithotrophs because they use water as their electron donor for the electron transport chain across the thylakoid membrane. Animals are organotrophs because they use organic compounds as electron donors to synthesize ATP (plants also do this, but this is not taken into
139:, divided in relation to the nutrition mode according to the sources of energy and carbon, needed for living, growth and reproduction. The sources of energy can be light or chemical compounds; the sources of carbon can be of organic or inorganic origin.
1043:, using organic molecules as energy, electron/hydrogen and carbon sources. Some bacteria are limited to only one nutritional group, whereas others are facultative and switch from one mode to the other, depending on the nutrient sources available.
305:
Organotrophic organisms are often also heterotrophic, using organic compounds as sources of both electrons and carbon. Similarly, lithotrophic organisms are often also autotrophic, using inorganic sources of electrons and
479:
for growth and development, and that obtains its energy from the decomposition of an organic compound. This group of organisms may be further subdivided according to what kind of organic substrate and compound they use.
946:
Some, usually unicellular, organisms can switch between different metabolic modes, for example between photoautotrophy, photoheterotrophy, and chemoheterotrophy in
2669:
1922:
1429:
Illustrated
Glossary of Protoctista: Vocabulary of the Algae, Apicomplexa, Ciliates, Foraminifera, Microspora, Water Molds, Slime Molds, and the Other Protoctists
3622:
1071:
are rare because heterotrophy implies the availability of organic substrates, which can also serve as easy electron sources, making lithotrophy unnecessary.
2813:
53:
2883:
2420:
166:) do not refer to primary nutritional groups, but simply reflect the different use of possible electron acceptors in particular organisms, such as
2893:
2621:
1437:
1356:
1303:
2898:
3486:
2455:
100:
3086:
1655:
gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, microaerophilic, facultatively chemolithoheterotrophic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent"
507:), fats and proteins. Chemoheterotrophs also obtain the carbon atoms that they need for cellular function from these organic compounds.
316:
The organic or inorganic substances (e.g., oxygen) used as electron acceptors needed in the catabolic processes of aerobic or anaerobic
2503:
72:
2839:
2662:
1915:
1462:
2175:
119:
79:
3617:
2918:
2631:
2498:
2210:
1075:
are uncommon since their organic source of electrons/hydrogens would provide an easy carbon source, resulting in heterotrophy.
162:
3176:
990:, since they use organic substances both as chemical energy sources and as electron/hydrogen donors and carbon sources. Some
817:
328:
account). Both use oxygen in respiration as electron acceptor, but this character is not used to define them as lithotrophs.
57:
3303:
2948:
86:
4020:
3349:
2903:
2655:
1908:
1099:
4074:
2781:
313:
Some lithotrophic bacteria can utilize diverse sources of electrons, depending on the availability of possible donors.
68:
3138:
2029:
156:
255:
Plants and some bacteria can alternate between phototrophy and chemotrophy, depending on the availability of light.
3203:
2923:
2024:
985:
952:
686:
976:
All sorts of combinations may exist in nature, but some are more common than others. For example, most plants are
526:. The important differentiation amongst this group is that chemoorganotrophs oxidize only organic compounds while
46:
3891:
3813:
3568:
3384:
2996:
2888:
2746:
2731:
2726:
2117:
1286:
Kelly DP, Mason J, Wood A (1987). "Energy
Metabolism in Chemolithotrophs". In van Verseveld HW, Duine JA (eds.).
1032:
622:
3143:
484:
are examples of chemoorganoheterotrophs which obtain carbon and electrons or hydrogen from dead organic matter.
4104:
3911:
3632:
3573:
3479:
3374:
3369:
3339:
2606:
2488:
968:, due to their capability to use more resources than either photoautotrophic or organoheterotrophic organisms.
472:
3906:
929:
4005:
3754:
3749:
3735:
3710:
3218:
3081:
2991:
2859:
2741:
2711:
2568:
2533:
2253:
2220:
2195:
1048:
1649:
Miroshnichenko ML, L'Haridon S, Jeanthon C, Antipov AN, Kostrikina NA, Tindall BJ, et al. (May 2003).
503:
as their energy source and obtain electrons or hydrogen from the organic compounds, including sugars (i.e.
4040:
3974:
3860:
3855:
3560:
3364:
3308:
3243:
3106:
3041:
2976:
2636:
2538:
2326:
2034:
2014:
1476:"Autotrophy as a predominant mode of carbon fixation in anaerobic methane-oxidizing microbial communities"
1010:
367:
241:
223:
514:
are chemoheterotrophs (meaning they oxidize chemical compounds as a source of energy and carbon), as are
4045:
4010:
3966:
3730:
3589:
3268:
3213:
3076:
3061:
2844:
2801:
2791:
2786:
2543:
2523:
2379:
2369:
2311:
2306:
2142:
1994:
150:
93:
3984:
3689:
3665:
3627:
3394:
3359:
3354:
3278:
3273:
3228:
3126:
3096:
3091:
2943:
2806:
2796:
2341:
2180:
1969:
1805:
1794:"Evidence for the ubiquity of mixotrophic bacteria in the upper ocean: implications and consequences"
1694:
Rippka R (March 1972). "Photoheterotrophy and chemoheterotrophy among unicellular blue-green algae".
1487:
1214:
1203:"Evidence for the ubiquity of mixotrophic bacteria in the upper ocean: implications and consequences"
1002:
317:
1900:
1374:"A general framework of persistence strategies for biological systems helps explain domains of life"
4109:
3929:
3548:
3472:
3444:
3419:
3283:
3253:
3198:
3111:
3001:
2986:
2933:
2766:
2701:
2583:
2513:
2044:
1095:
492:
are examples of organisms that obtain carbon and electrons or hydrogen from living organic matter.
425:
287:
144:
2647:
4052:
3725:
3694:
3670:
3657:
3455:
3404:
3399:
3208:
3171:
2869:
2834:
2691:
2616:
2518:
2450:
2440:
2374:
2321:
2132:
2077:
2039:
1964:
1711:
1474:
Kellermann MY, Wegener G, Elvert M, Yoshinaga MY, Lin YS, Holler T, et al. (November 2012).
1039:, using organic molecules as both electron/hydrogen donors and carbon sources. Many bacteria are
531:
2913:
1856:"Carbon metabolic pathways in phototrophic bacteria and their broader evolutionary implications"
1536:
Gleizer S, Ben-Nissan R, Bar-On YM, Antonovsky N, Noor E, Zohar Y, et al. (November 2019).
3924:
3720:
3564:
3522:
3517:
3344:
3313:
3101:
2928:
2736:
2601:
2578:
2435:
2316:
2092:
2004:
1989:
1974:
1954:
1887:
1831:
1774:
1756:
1676:
1631:
1571:
1515:
1458:
1433:
1405:
1352:
1320:
1299:
1240:
1078:
438:
409:
1372:
Yafremava LS, Wielgos M, Thomas S, Nasir A, Wang M, Mittenthal JE, Caetano-AnollƩs G (2013).
252:. Eventually, the energy is used for life processes such as moving, growth and reproduction.
3947:
3298:
3161:
3153:
3071:
2953:
2938:
2874:
2854:
2771:
2761:
2756:
2721:
2553:
2493:
2364:
2165:
2107:
2019:
1979:
1877:
1867:
1821:
1813:
1764:
1746:
1703:
1666:
1621:
1613:
1592:
Gassler T, Sauer M, Gasser B, Egermeier M, Troyer C, Causon T, et al. (December 2019).
1561:
1553:
1505:
1495:
1395:
1385:
1291:
1230:
1222:
1090:
826:
500:
237:
3901:
3783:
3434:
3293:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3181:
3166:
3046:
3026:
2908:
2776:
2682:
2573:
2483:
2425:
2410:
2009:
1935:
1118:
902:
832:
527:
1809:
1491:
1218:
4088:
3978:
3896:
3886:
3835:
3823:
3796:
3414:
3238:
3191:
3121:
3116:
3011:
2878:
2751:
2558:
2548:
2528:
2405:
2331:
2296:
2235:
2112:
2067:
1959:
1882:
1855:
1826:
1793:
1769:
1730:
1626:
1593:
1566:
1537:
1510:
1475:
1400:
1373:
1235:
1202:
1146:
1082:
1060:
907:
821:
724:
453:
352:
269:
4098:
3850:
3537:
3439:
2415:
2389:
2346:
2336:
2291:
2278:
2258:
2150:
1984:
1939:
1423:
1176:
1156:
1006:
712:
616:
295:
3464:
302:(in autotrophs). The electron or hydrogen donors are taken up from the environment.
3830:
3800:
3605:
3577:
3424:
3409:
3066:
3036:
2981:
2864:
2829:
2706:
2205:
1161:
1151:
1114:
321:
299:
245:
1715:
17:
1457:
Morris, J. et al. (2019). "Biology: How Life Works", 3rd edition, W. H. Freeman.
1427:
1346:
1295:
3956:
3818:
2716:
2445:
2263:
2225:
2200:
2190:
2155:
2102:
2082:
1262:
1171:
1141:
896:
720:
650:
611:
592:
583:
481:
336:
263:
35:
4083:
1557:
1480:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4057:
3779:
3700:
3681:
3613:
3556:
3499:
3495:
3429:
3006:
2971:
2611:
2563:
2508:
2478:
2384:
2301:
2245:
2122:
2072:
1751:
1617:
1181:
1166:
1067:
1056:
1044:
998:
778:
739:
661:
574:
489:
485:
341:
274:
228:
217:
209:
in anaerobic respiration, or various metabolic intermediates in fermentation.
1872:
1760:
1390:
3952:
3759:
3503:
3334:
3288:
3016:
2460:
2430:
2230:
2185:
2160:
2097:
2087:
2062:
2054:
1999:
1500:
991:
961:
632:
346:
1891:
1835:
1778:
1680:
1635:
1575:
1519:
1409:
1244:
980:, since they use light as an energy source, water as electron donor, and CO
1671:
1650:
3389:
3318:
2849:
2356:
2268:
2215:
2170:
1817:
1598:
is converted from a heterotroph into an autotroph capable of growth on CO
1226:
1127:
774:
770:
523:
519:
496:
468:
283:
206:
136:
1249:
Table 1: Definitions of metabolic strategies to obtain carbon and energy
4015:
4000:
3379:
3186:
3056:
3051:
2678:
2626:
2286:
1931:
1707:
1107:
1052:
965:
782:
504:
249:
190:
174:
1538:"Conversion of Escherichia coli to Generate All Biomass Carbon from CO
957:
933:
790:
515:
511:
476:
167:
960:, use either light, inorganic or organic compounds for energy. Such
542:
The following table gives some examples for each nutritional group:
290:(electron donors) are needed by both phototrophs and chemotrophs in
1729:
Li, Meijie; Ning, Peng; Sun, Yi; Luo, Jie; Yang, Jianming (2022).
1130:, while the latter remained the source of electrons for the cells.
1019:
786:
716:
366:
291:
1659:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
653:) perform anoxygenic photosynthesis and fix atmospheric carbon.
3468:
2651:
1904:
1106:
as the sole carbon source while using the one-carbon molecule
1081:
efforts enabled the transformation of the trophic mode of two
344:
organic compounds to obtain carbon for growth and development.
29:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1348:
Comparative
Ecology of Microorganisms and Macroorganisms
1065:, using inorganic energy, electron, and carbon sources.
3697:(amino acidāpyruvate, acetyl CoA, or TCA intermediate)
376:
Classification of organisms based on their metabolism
374:
4072:
1321:"Nomenclature of nutritional types of microorganisms"
279:
use inorganic compounds as electron/hydrogen donors.
4033:
3993:
3965:
3946:
3875:
3768:
3748:
3709:
3680:
3656:
3647:
3604:
3588:
3547:
3536:
3510:
3327:
3227:
3152:
3025:
2962:
2822:
2690:
2592:
2471:
2398:
2355:
2277:
2244:
2141:
2053:
1947:
1328:
Cold Spring Harbor
Symposia on Quantitative Biology
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
294:that transfer energy in the anabolic processes of
1319:Lwoff A, Van Niel CB, Ryan TF, Tatum EL (1946).
1432:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. xxv.
1027:or sulfide as electron/hydrogen donors, and CO
984:as a carbon source. All animals and fungi are
3480:
2663:
1916:
1739:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
1453:
1451:
1449:
956:ā another example ā can grow with or without
8:
1587:
1585:
1531:
1529:
1085:from heterotrophy to chemoorganoautotrophy:
781:prokaryotes. Some eukaryotes (heterotrophic
434:
405:
392:
380:
3962:
3879:
3772:
3765:
3677:
3653:
3544:
3487:
3473:
3465:
2884:Latitudinal gradients in species diversity
2670:
2656:
2648:
1923:
1909:
1901:
1426:, McKhann HI, Olendzenski L, eds. (1993).
1122:yeast was genetically engineered to use CO
1881:
1871:
1854:Tang KH, Tang YJ, Blankenship RE (2011).
1825:
1768:
1750:
1670:
1625:
1565:
1509:
1499:
1399:
1389:
1263:"Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology"
1234:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2782:Predatorāprey (LotkaāVolterra) equations
2421:Tritrophic interactions in plant defense
1021:
544:
4079:
2814:Random generalized LotkaāVolterra model
1193:
259:Primary sources of reducing equivalents
2622:Herbivore adaptations to plant defense
1798:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1207:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
226:and transform it into chemical energy.
444:
389:
7:
3597:Electron acceptors other than oxygen
2637:Predator avoidance in schooling fish
1731:"Characteristics and Application of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3087:Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
2840:Ecological effects of biodiversity
310:as their inorganic carbon source.
25:
2176:Generalist and specialist species
995:phototrophically during the day.
499:which use the chemical energy in
324:are not taken into account here.
4082:
2899:Occupancyāabundance relationship
1288:Microbial Growth on C1 Compounds
1267:Nutrition and Growth of Bacteria
1126:as the carbon source instead of
818:anaerobic methanotrophic archaea
34:
3618:Substrate-level phosphorylation
2919:Relative abundance distribution
2632:Plant defense against herbivory
2499:Competitive exclusion principle
2211:Mesopredator release hypothesis
457:
452:
447:
437:
429:
424:
416:
408:
400:
397:
386:
383:
163:substrate-level phosphorylation
45:needs additional citations for
2504:Consumerāresource interactions
236:The freed energy is stored as
1:
4021:Reverse cholesterol transport
3350:Biological data visualization
3177:Environmental niche modelling
2904:Population viability analysis
964:organisms may dominate their
471:is one that requires organic
359:) as their source of carbon.
292:reduction-oxidation reactions
3673:(proteināpeptideāamino acid)
2835:Density-dependent inhibition
1735:as a Microbial Cell Factory"
1296:10.1007/978-94-009-3539-6_23
1290:. Springer. pp. 186ā7.
934:
824:, synthetically autotrophic
69:"Primary nutritional groups"
3304:Liebig's law of the minimum
3139:Resource selection function
2030:Metabolic theory of ecology
1110:as the source of electrons.
173:in aerobic respiration, or
4126:
4058:Phospagen system (ATP-PCr)
3528:Primary nutritional groups
3204:Niche apportionment models
2924:Relative species abundance
2128:Primary nutritional groups
2025:List of feeding behaviours
1733:Rhodopseudomonas palustris
1558:10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.009
1031:as carbon source, whereas
1017:, using light for energy,
1001:show a great diversity of
953:Rhodopseudomonas palustris
928:
920:when the source is water.
687:Purple non-sulfur bacteria
133:Primary nutritional groups
3920:
3892:Anoxygenic photosynthesis
3882:
3846:
3814:Pentose phosphate pathway
3809:
3792:
3775:
3569:Oxidative phosphorylation
3453:
3385:Ecosystem based fisheries
2997:Interspecific competition
2889:Minimum viable population
2747:Maximum sustainable yield
2732:Intraspecific competition
2727:Effective population size
2607:Anti-predator adaptations
2118:Photosynthetic efficiency
1792:Eiler A (December 2006).
1752:10.3389/fbioe.2022.897003
1618:10.1038/s41587-019-0363-0
1201:Eiler A (December 2006).
1100:evolved in the laboratory
1033:green non-sulfur bacteria
840:
744:
731:
657:
623:green non-sulfur bacteria
579:
570:
530:instead use oxidation of
419:
413:
332:Primary sources of carbon
268:use organic compounds as
233:release chemical energy.
213:Primary sources of energy
3912:Entner-Doudoroff pathway
3574:electron transport chain
3561:Pyruvate decarboxylation
3375:Ecological stoichiometry
3340:Alternative stable state
1873:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00165
1696:Archives of Microbiology
1391:10.3389/fgene.2013.00016
1351:. Springer. p. 68.
1041:chemoorganoheterotrophic
1037:photoorganoheterotrophic
987:chemoorganoheterotrophic
538:Primary metabolism table
466:chemoorganoheterotrophic
270:electron/hydrogen donors
4006:Sphingolipid metabolism
3907:DeLey-Doudoroff pathway
3755:carbohydrate catabolism
3750:Carbohydrate metabolism
3736:Purine nucleotide cycle
3219:Ontogenetic niche shift
3082:Ideal free distribution
2992:Ecological facilitation
2742:Malthusian growth model
2712:Consumer-resource model
2569:Paradox of the plankton
2534:Energy systems language
2254:Chemoorganoheterotrophy
2221:Optimal foraging theory
2196:Heterotrophic nutrition
1653:Oceanithermus profundus
1501:10.1073/pnas.1208795109
869:Oceanithermus profundus
534:as a source of energy.
286:or hydrogen atoms from
3975:Fatty acid degradation
3695:Amino acid degradation
3365:Ecological forecasting
3309:Marginal value theorem
3107:Landscape epidemiology
3042:Cross-boundary subsidy
2977:Biological interaction
2327:Microbial intelligence
2015:Green world hypothesis
1594:"The industrial yeast
1334:(5th ed.): 302ā3.
1096:genetically engineered
1068:Chemolithoheterotrophs
1011:purple sulfur bacteria
1003:nutritional categories
927:is from Ancient Greek
923:The common final part
495:Chemoorganotrophs are
372:
4011:Eicosanoid metabolism
3967:Fatty acid metabolism
3731:Pyrimidine metabolism
3590:Anaerobic respiration
3370:Ecological humanities
3269:Ecological energetics
3214:Niche differentiation
3077:Habitat fragmentation
2845:Ecological extinction
2792:Small population size
2544:Feed conversion ratio
2524:Ecological succession
2456:San Francisco Estuary
2370:Ecological efficiency
2312:Microbial cooperation
1672:10.1099/ijs.0.02367-0
1378:Frontiers in Genetics
1073:Photoorganoautotrophs
1015:photolithoautotrophic
978:photolithoautotrophic
370:
298:(in heterotrophs) or
151:anaerobic respiration
3985:Fatty acid synthesis
3690:Amino acid synthesis
3395:Evolutionary ecology
3360:Ecological footprint
3355:Ecological economics
3279:Ecological threshold
3274:Ecological indicator
3144:Sourceāsink dynamics
3097:Land change modeling
3092:Insular biogeography
2944:Species distribution
2683:Modelling ecosystems
2342:Microbial metabolism
2181:Intraguild predation
1970:Biogeochemical cycle
1936:Modelling ecosystems
1818:10.1128/AEM.01559-06
1606:Nature Biotechnology
1552:(6): 1255ā1263.e12.
1227:10.1128/AEM.01559-06
1189:Notes and references
1083:model microorganisms
1062:chemolithoautotrophs
1055:bacteria as well as
715:), some eukaryotes (
288:reducing equivalents
54:improve this article
3549:Aerobic respiration
3445:Theoretical ecology
3420:Natural environment
3284:Ecosystem diversity
3254:Ecological collapse
3244:Bateman's principle
3199:Limiting similarity
3112:Landscape limnology
2934:Species homogeneity
2772:Population modeling
2767:Population dynamics
2584:Trophic state index
1810:2006ApEnM..72.7431E
1492:2012PNAS..10919321K
1345:Andrews JH (1991).
1219:2006ApEnM..72.7431E
532:inorganic compounds
426:Inorganic compounds
377:
145:aerobic respiration
4053:Ethanol metabolism
4001:Steroid metabolism
3726:Nucleotide salvage
3658:Protein metabolism
3456:Outline of ecology
3405:Industrial ecology
3400:Functional ecology
3264:Ecological deficit
3209:Niche construction
3172:Ecosystem engineer
2949:Speciesāarea curve
2870:Introduced species
2685:: Other components
2617:Deimatic behaviour
2519:Ecological network
2451:North Pacific Gyre
2436:hydrothermal vents
2375:Ecological pyramid
2322:Microbial food web
2133:Primary production
2078:Foundation species
1708:10.1007/BF00424781
916:*Some authors use
375:
373:
27:Group of organisms
18:Chemoorganotrophic
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4029:
4028:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3925:Xylose metabolism
3871:
3870:
3744:
3743:
3721:Purine metabolism
3666:Protein synthesis
3643:
3642:
3565:Citric acid cycle
3523:Metabolic network
3518:Metabolic pathway
3462:
3461:
3345:Balance of nature
3102:Landscape ecology
2987:Community ecology
2929:Species diversity
2865:Indicator species
2860:Gradient analysis
2737:Logistic function
2645:
2644:
2602:Animal coloration
2579:Trophic mutualism
2317:Microbial ecology
2108:Photoheterotrophs
2093:Myco-heterotrophy
2005:Ecosystem ecology
1990:Carrying capacity
1955:Abiotic component
1439:978-0-86720-081-2
1358:978-0-387-97439-2
1305:978-94-010-8082-8
1079:Synthetic biology
914:
913:
900:), some archaea (
501:organic compounds
462:
461:
439:Organic compounds
410:Organic compounds
363:Energy and carbon
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4117:
4087:
4086:
4078:
4041:Metal metabolism
3963:
3948:Lipid metabolism
3880:
3773:
3766:
3678:
3654:
3580:
3545:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3466:
3162:Ecological niche
3134:selection theory
2954:Umbrella species
2939:Species richness
2875:Invasive species
2855:Flagship species
2762:Population cycle
2757:Overexploitation
2722:Ecological yield
2672:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2554:Mesotrophic soil
2494:Climax community
2426:Marine food webs
2365:Biomagnification
2166:Chemoorganotroph
2020:Keystone species
1980:Biotic component
1925:
1918:
1911:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1875:
1851:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1754:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1665:(Pt 3): 747ā52.
1646:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1569:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1471:
1465:
1455:
1444:
1443:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1261:Todar K (2009).
1258:
1252:
1251:
1238:
1198:
1091:Escherichia coli
1045:Sulfur-oxidizing
1026:
937:
932:
891:
888:
885:
864:
861:
858:
827:Escherichia coli
813:
810:
807:
767:
764:
761:
717:eukaryotic algae
708:
705:
702:
683:
680:
677:
646:
643:
640:
606:
603:
600:
545:
528:chemolithotrophs
378:
238:potential energy
222:absorb light in
204:
203:
202:
188:
187:
186:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4105:Trophic ecology
4095:
4094:
4093:
4081:
4073:
4071:
4062:
4046:Iron metabolism
4025:
3989:
3950:
3934:
3916:
3902:Carbon fixation
3867:
3842:
3805:
3788:
3784:Gluconeogenesis
3757:
3752:
3740:
3712:
3705:
3676:
3649:
3639:
3600:
3584:
3572:
3539:
3532:
3506:
3493:
3463:
3458:
3449:
3435:Systems ecology
3323:
3294:Extinction debt
3259:Ecological debt
3249:Bioluminescence
3230:
3223:
3192:marine habitats
3167:Ecological trap
3148:
3028:
3021:
2964:
2958:
2914:Rapoport's rule
2909:Priority effect
2850:Endemic species
2818:
2777:Population size
2693:
2686:
2676:
2646:
2641:
2594:
2588:
2574:Trophic cascade
2484:Bioaccumulation
2467:
2394:
2351:
2273:
2240:
2137:
2049:
2010:Ecosystem model
1943:
1929:
1899:
1860:Front Microbiol
1853:
1852:
1843:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1601:
1596:Pichia pastoris
1591:
1590:
1583:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1486:(47): 19321ā6.
1473:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1447:
1440:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1137:
1125:
1119:Pichia pastoris
1105:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1005:. For example,
983:
974:
944:
903:Methanobacteria
894:Some bacteria (
889:
886:
883:
877:
867:Some bacteria (
862:
859:
856:
850:
842:
833:Pichia pastoris
811:
808:
805:
799:
765:
762:
759:
753:
746:
737:
735:
733:
711:Some bacteria (
706:
703:
700:
694:
681:
678:
675:
669:
659:
644:
641:
638:
630:
609:Some bacteria:
604:
601:
598:
590:
581:
572:
556:
554:
549:
540:
365:
358:
345:
334:
309:
273:
261:
227:
215:
201:
198:
197:
196:
194:
185:
182:
181:
180:
178:
171:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4123:
4121:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3979:Beta oxidation
3971:
3969:
3960:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3897:Chemosynthesis
3894:
3889:
3887:Photosynthesis
3883:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3836:Leloir pathway
3828:
3827:
3826:
3824:Polyol pathway
3816:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3797:Glycogenolysis
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3776:
3770:
3763:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3675:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3553:
3551:
3542:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3415:Microecosystem
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3314:Thorson's rule
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3239:Assembly rules
3235:
3233:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3124:
3122:Patch dynamics
3119:
3117:Metapopulation
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3012:Storage effect
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Neutral theory
2891:
2886:
2881:
2879:Native species
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2752:Overpopulation
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2559:Nutrient cycle
2556:
2551:
2549:Feeding frenzy
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:Energy quality
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Cascade effect
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2332:Microbial loop
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Lithoautotroph
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2279:Microorganisms
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2236:Prey switching
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2113:Photosynthesis
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2068:Chemosynthesis
2065:
2059:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:Abiotic stress
1957:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1841:
1804:(12): 7431ā7.
1784:
1721:
1686:
1641:
1599:
1581:
1539:
1525:
1466:
1463:978-1319017637
1445:
1438:
1415:
1364:
1357:
1337:
1311:
1304:
1278:
1253:
1213:(12): 7431ā7.
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1147:Chemosynthesis
1144:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1115:methylotrophic
1111:
1103:
1028:
981:
973:
970:
943:
940:
912:
911:
908:Chemosynthesis
892:
881:
876:Carbon dioxide
873:
872:
865:
854:
847:
838:
837:
822:Chemosynthesis
816:Some archaea (
814:
803:
798:Carbon dioxide
795:
794:
768:
757:
750:
743:
729:
728:
725:Photosynthesis
709:
698:
693:Carbon dioxide
690:
689:
684:
673:
666:
655:
654:
649:Some archaea (
647:
636:
629:Carbon dioxide
626:
625:
618:Heliobacterium
607:
596:
587:
578:
568:
567:
564:
561:
560:Carbon source
558:
551:
539:
536:
460:
459:
456:
454:Carbon dioxide
450:
449:
446:
443:
436:
432:
431:
428:
422:
421:
418:
415:
412:
407:
406:Electron donor
403:
402:
399:
395:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
364:
361:
356:
353:carbon dioxide
333:
330:
307:
260:
257:
224:photoreceptors
214:
211:
199:
183:
169:
135:are groups of
128:
127:
110:September 2010
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4122:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3931:
3930:Radiotrophism
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3851:Glycosylation
3849:
3848:
3845:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3440:Urban ecology
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Kleiber's law
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Foster's rule
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
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2390:Trophic level
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2348:
2347:Phage ecology
2345:
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2337:Microbial mat
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2292:Bacteriophage
2290:
2288:
2285:
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2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:Decomposition
2257:
2255:
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2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
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2219:
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2209:
2207:
2206:Mesopredators
2204:
2202:
2199:
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2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
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2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
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2151:Apex predator
2149:
2148:
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2140:
2134:
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2126:
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2119:
2116:
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2028:
2026:
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2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:Biotic stress
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
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1926:
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1907:
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1903:
1893:
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1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:Organotrophic
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Heterotrophic
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1116:
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1080:
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1069:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:cyanobacteria
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
989:
988:
979:
971:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
949:
948:Chroococcales
941:
939:
938:"nutrition".
936:
931:
926:
921:
919:
909:
905:
904:
899:
898:
893:
882:
880:
875:
874:
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866:
855:
853:
848:
845:
839:
835:
834:
830:bacteria and
829:
828:
823:
819:
815:
804:
802:
797:
796:
792:
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780:
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769:
758:
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742:
741:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:cyanobacteria
710:
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491:
487:
483:
478:
474:
470:
467:
455:
451:
442:
440:
435:Carbon source
433:
427:
423:
411:
404:
396:
381:Energy source
379:
371:Yellow fungus
369:
362:
360:
354:
350:
349:
343:
340:
339:
331:
329:
325:
323:
319:
314:
311:
303:
301:
297:
296:ATP synthesis
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
277:
271:
267:
266:
258:
256:
253:
251:
247:
246:carbohydrates
243:
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225:
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220:
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176:
172:
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121:
113:
102:
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95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: ā
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3831:Galactolysis
3801:Glycogenesis
3606:Fermentation
3578:ATP synthase
3527:
3425:Regime shift
3410:Macroecology
3131:
3127:
3067:Edge effects
3037:Biogeography
2982:Commensalism
2830:Biodiversity
2707:Allee effect
2446:kelp forests
2399:Example webs
2264:Detritivores
2127:
2103:Organotrophs
2083:Kinetotrophs
2035:Productivity
1863:
1859:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1724:
1702:(1): 93ā98.
1699:
1695:
1689:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1644:
1612:(2): 210ā6.
1609:
1605:
1595:
1549:
1545:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1428:
1418:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1327:
1314:
1287:
1281:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:
1256:
1248:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1182:Phototrophic
1162:Lithotrophic
1152:Chemotrophic
1117:
1089:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1061:
1040:
1036:
1014:
997:
986:
977:
975:
951:
947:
945:
924:
922:
917:
915:
901:
895:
878:
868:
852:-heterotroph
851:
843:
831:
825:
800:
755:-heterotroph
754:
747:
738:
695:
671:-heterotroph
670:
660:
631:
617:
610:
593:-heterotroph
591:
582:
573:
541:
509:
494:
465:
463:
441:
347:
338:Heterotrophs
337:
335:
326:
322:fermentation
315:
312:
304:
300:biosynthesis
281:
275:
265:Organotrophs
264:
262:
254:
235:
229:
218:
216:
161:
157:fermentation
155:
149:
143:
141:
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3957:lipogenesis
3819:Fructolysis
3633:Lactic acid
3062:Disturbance
2965:interaction
2787:Recruitment
2717:Depensation
2509:Copiotrophs
2380:Energy flow
2302:Lithotrophy
2246:Decomposers
2226:Planktivore
2201:Insectivore
2191:Heterotroph
2156:Bacterivore
2123:Phototrophs
2073:Chemotrophs
2045:Restoration
1995:Competition
1172:Mixotrophic
1142:Autotrophic
1057:methanogens
999:Prokaryotes
962:mixotrophic
897:Nitrobacter
863:heterotroph
779:saprophytic
766:heterotroph
721:land plants
682:heterotroph
651:Haloarchaea
612:Rhodobacter
605:heterotroph
522:, and some
482:Decomposers
475:to get its
318:respiration
276:Lithotrophs
230:Chemotrophs
219:Phototrophs
4110:Physiology
4099:Categories
3780:Glycolysis
3713:metabolism
3711:Nucleotide
3701:Urea cycle
3682:Amino acid
3671:Catabolism
3614:Glycolysis
3557:Glycolysis
3540:metabolism
3500:catabolism
3496:Metabolism
3430:Sexecology
3007:Parasitism
2972:Antibiosis
2807:Resistance
2802:Resilience
2692:Population
2612:Camouflage
2564:Oligotroph
2479:Ascendency
2441:intertidal
2431:cold seeps
2385:Food chain
2186:Herbivores
2161:Carnivores
2088:Mixotrophs
2063:Autotrophs
1942:components
1745:: 897003.
1424:Margulis L
1272:2014-04-19
1167:Metabolism
992:eukaryotic
942:Mixotrophs
879:-autotroph
801:-autotroph
696:-autotroph
633:-autotroph
490:carnivores
486:Herbivores
473:substrates
348:Autotrophs
342:metabolize
142:The terms
80:newspapers
3953:lipolysis
3760:anabolism
3504:anabolism
3335:Allometry
3289:Emergence
3017:Symbiosis
3002:Mutualism
2797:Stability
2702:Abundance
2514:Dominance
2472:Processes
2461:tide pool
2357:Food webs
2231:Predation
2216:Omnivores
2143:Consumers
2098:Mycotroph
2055:Producers
2000:Ecosystem
1965:Behaviour
1761:2296-4185
1102:to use CO
1098:and then
1009:and many
890:autotroph
841:Inorganic
812:autotroph
775:parasitic
771:Predatory
736:Compounds
707:autotroph
658:Inorganic
645:autotroph
571:Sun Light
566:Examples
553:Electron/
497:organisms
398:Molecules
284:electrons
137:organisms
3876:Nonhuman
3861:O-linked
3856:N-linked
3648:Specific
3390:Endolith
3319:Xerosere
3231:networks
3047:Ecocline
2593:Defense,
2269:Detritus
2171:Foraging
2040:Resource
1892:21866228
1836:17028233
1779:35646843
1681:12807196
1636:31844294
1576:31778652
1520:23129626
1410:23443991
1245:17028233
1135:See also
1128:methanol
972:Examples
783:protists
748:-organo-
734:Chemical
732:Breaking
584:-organo-
524:bacteria
520:protozoa
469:organism
448:hetero-
250:proteins
207:fumarate
4089:Biology
4016:Ketosis
3628:Ethanol
3511:General
3380:Ecopath
3187:Habitat
3057:Ecotype
3052:Ecotone
3029:ecology
3027:Spatial
2963:Species
2823:Species
2694:ecology
2679:Ecology
2627:Mimicry
2595:counter
2539:f-ratio
2287:Archaea
1975:Biomass
1948:General
1940:Trophic
1932:Ecology
1883:3149686
1866:: 165.
1827:1694265
1806:Bibcode
1770:9133744
1627:7008030
1567:6904909
1511:3511159
1488:Bibcode
1401:3580334
1236:1694265
1215:Bibcode
1108:formate
1053:anammox
1035:can be
1013:can be
966:habitat
918:-hydro-
849:Organic
844:-litho-
836:yeast.
791:animals
752:Organic
745:Organic
668:Organic
662:-litho-
621:, some
589:Organic
580:Organic
550:source
512:animals
505:glucose
430:litho-
420:
417:organo-
401:chemo-
393:-troph
191:sulfate
175:nitrate
94:scholar
4075:Portal
3538:Energy
2411:Rivers
2307:Marine
1890:
1880:
1834:
1824:
1777:
1767:
1759:
1716:155161
1714:
1679:
1634:
1624:
1574:
1564:
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1436:
1408:
1398:
1384:: 16.
1355:
1302:
1243:
1233:
1051:, and
958:oxygen
935:trophįø
925:-troph
809:organo
777:, and
763:organo
740:Chemo-
642:organo
602:organo
575:Photo-
557:donor
555:H-atom
548:Energy
477:carbon
458:auto-
445:
414:
390:
387:photo-
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4034:Other
3994:Other
3769:Human
3650:paths
3328:Other
3229:Other
3182:Guild
3154:Niche
2406:Lakes
1712:S2CID
1324:(PDF)
930:ĻĻĪæĻĪ®
887:litho
884:Chemo
860:litho
857:Chemo
806:Chemo
787:fungi
760:Chemo
704:litho
701:Photo
679:litho
676:Photo
639:Photo
599:Photo
563:Name
516:fungi
384:Light
248:, or
205:) or
101:JSTOR
87:books
3758:and
2416:Soil
1888:PMID
1832:PMID
1775:PMID
1757:ISSN
1677:PMID
1632:PMID
1572:PMID
1546:Cell
1516:PMID
1459:ISBN
1434:ISBN
1406:PMID
1353:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1241:PMID
1113:The
1094:was
1059:are
1049:iron
510:All
488:and
351:use
320:and
282:The
154:and
73:news
3782:ā
3623:ABE
1878:PMC
1868:doi
1822:PMC
1814:doi
1765:PMC
1747:doi
1704:doi
1667:doi
1622:PMC
1614:doi
1562:PMC
1554:doi
1550:179
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1496:doi
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242:ATP
240:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
