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graphics changed to permit greater visibility of the targets, etc. – for example, replacing the colors on a dark-colored enemy intended to blend in with the background with a bright color permitting instant visibility and targeting. Generally speaking, there is often some concern that this is not truly cheating, as it is the fault of the programmers that such an exploit exists in the first place. However, technically, as with live sports, it is cheating if the player is not playing the game in a formally approved manner, breaking unwritten rules. In some cases, this behavior is directly prohibited by the terms of service of the game.
681:, whose legislation is uniquely influenced by large casino corporations. Nonetheless it remains a widely held principle that the law should not impose any restraint over the method by which a player arrives at a playing or betting decision from information held by him lawfully and which he is not debarred from under the rules of the game. In "hole carding", a casino player tries to catch sight of the front of cards which are dealt face-down according to the rules. One way of cheating and profiting through gambling is to bet against oneself and then intentionally lose. This is known as
216:. In McCabe's 2,001 of 4,500 high school students, "74% said they cheated on a test, 72% cheated on a written work, and 97% reported to at least had copied someone's homework or peeked at someone's test. 1/3 reported to have repeatedly cheated." The new revolution in high-tech digital info contributes enormously to the new wave in cheating: online term-paper mills sell formatted reports on practically any topic, services exist to prepare any kind of homework or take online tests for students (despite the fact that this phenomenon, and these websites, are well known to
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begins part-way through the set). As strength training is not a sport, cheating has no rule-based consequences, but can result in injury or a failure to meet training goals. This is because each exercise is designed to target specific muscle groups and if the proper form is not used the weight can be transferred away from the targeted group.
651:. Doping a horse is a clear example of cheating by interfering with the instruments of the event under wager. Again, not all interference is cheating; spending money to support the health and well-being of a horse one has wagered on is not in itself generally regarded as cheating, nor is improving the morale of a sportsman one has backed by
190:
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cheating in multiplayer modes is considered immoral and harshly condemned by fair players and developers alike. Cheating allows casual players to complete games at much-accelerated speed, which can be helpful in some cinematic or single-player games, which can take a subjectively long time to finish, as is typical of the
579:; if a player can cause an enemy to become "stuck" in a given terrain feature, that player can then usually kill the enemy from a distance without risk, even if much stronger, and achieve greater rewards than the player is intended to be able to at that level of progression. Another example was common in early
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the repercussions of cheating are much more damaging, breaking the risk/reward curve of the game and causing fair players to lose online matches and/or character development. Cheating in those types of games is generally prohibited – though often widespread anyway. In many circles, the
570:
Another form of video game cheating is when a player does things to interact with game objects that are unforeseen by the programmers and break the intended function or reward system of the object. This can involve the way enemies are encountered, objectives met, items used, or any other game object
566:
business models which support and are supported by the exchange of real-world money for in-game services, items, and advantages. Games that grant excessive advantages only available to paying customers may be criticized as being 'pay to win' – sometimes considered a form of "cheating"
486:
when the
Russian team was awarded a gold medal over the Canadian team in an alleged vote-swapping judging deal; the Canadian team's silver medals were eventually upgraded to gold at a second awards ceremony and the French judge was suspended for misconduct. The head of the French skating federation
659:
In the world of gambling, knowing a secret which is not priced into the odds gives a significant advantage, which may give rise to a perception of cheating. However, legal systems do not regard secretly making use of knowledge in this way as criminal deception in itself. This is in contrast to the
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that transfer weight from an isolated or fatigued muscle group to a different or fresh muscle group. This allows the cheater to move an initial greater weight (if the cheating continues through an entire training set) or to continue exercising past the point of muscular exhaustion (if the cheating
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Attitudes towards cheating vary. Using exploits in single-player modes is usually considered to be simply another form of exploring the game's content unless the player's accomplishments are to be submitted competitively, and is common in single-player games with a high difficulty level; however,
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games and involved skipping a weapon's reload timer by quickly switching weapons back and forth without actually reloading the weapons, resulting in what was effectively instant reloading. It also can be accomplished through means of altered game files substituted for the normal files, or image
394:
are also subject to equipment cheating, with players being accused of using rackets of illegal string tension, or golf clubs of illegal weight, size, or make. Equipment cheating can also occur via the use of external aids in situations where equipment is prohibited – such as in
258:
Cheating in sports is the intentional breaking of rules in order to obtain an advantage over the other teams or players. Sports are governed by both customs and explicit rules regarding acts which are permitted and forbidden at the event and away from it. Forbidden acts frequently include
474:
during their back-to-back titles in the late 1990s to circumvent the league's salary cap and obtain and retain players that they would otherwise not have been able to. Circumvention of rules governing conduct and procedures of a sport can also be considered cheating. a form of
639:, are generally regarded as cheating, because it has misrepresented the likelihood of the game's outcomes beyond what is reasonable to expect a bettor to protect himself against. However, for a bookmaker to flatter a horse in order to sell bets on it at shorter
676:
is cheating, but this point of view is reflected neither among societies in general nor in legislation. As of 2010, the only example anywhere of a type of advantage play being unlawful is for an advantage player to use an auxiliary device in the U.S. State of
411:, cheating is now estimated to be so universal that it is now considered impossible to engage in professional competition without cheating and the use of supposedly banned substances; bodybuilders who refuse to take banned substances now compete in
403:
on the hands of receivers, making the ball easier to catch. An example of this is Hall of Famer Jerry Rice, who admitted to regularly and illegally using "stickum" throughout his career, calling into question the integrity of his receiving records.
664:. This may be because of a stronger presumption of equality between investors, or it may be because a company employee who also trades in the company's stock has a conflict of interest, and has thus misrepresented himself the company. An
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208:. 95% of students admit to some form of cheating. This includes tests, examinations, copying homework, and papers. Only 50% of private school students, however, admit to this. The report was made in June 2005 by
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for them. Generally, interference is more likely to be regarded as cheating if it diminishes the standard of a sporting competition, damages a participant, or modifies the apparatus of the event or game.
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typically uses mental, observational or technical skills to choose when and how much to bet, and neither interferes with the instruments of the game nor breaks any of its rules. Representatives of the
334:'s leg to remove her from the year's competitions and prevent her from competing with Harding. One of the most famous instances of cheating involving a prohibited player action occurred during the
204:
cheating is a significantly common occurrence in high schools and colleges in the United States. Statistically, 64% of public high school students admit to serious test cheating. 58% say they have
143:
in any situation where individuals are given preference using inappropriate criteria. The rules infringed may be explicit, or they may be from an unwritten code of conduct based on
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298: – particularly controversial as it is widely suspected that a high percentage of professional cyclists are using prohibited substances –
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is generally related to directly breaking rules or laws, or misrepresenting the event being wagered on, or interfering in the outcome. A boxer who takes a dive, a
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that is actually legitimatized by the system – whilst games that limit real-money purchases to cosmetic changes are generally accepted as fair.
263:"), using equipment that does not conform to the rules or altering the condition of equipment during play, and deliberate harassment or injury to competitors.
685:. Illegal gamblers will at times pay sports players to lose so that they may profit from the otherwise unexpected loss. An especially notorious case is the
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financial world, where people with certain categories of relationship to a company are restricted from transacting, which would constitute the crime of
615:
The wagering of money on an event extends the motivation for cheating beyond directly participating competitors. As in sport and games, cheating in
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The most extreme forms of cheating (e.g. attempting to gain money through outright deceit rather than providing a service) are referred to as
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This 1822 newspaper describes how strings, secretly attached to bowling pins, allow an accomplice to ensure a cheater receives higher
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689:, when eight players of the 1919 Chicago White Sox took payment from gamblers and intentionally played poorly. Another happened in
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from many games where this is possible directly prohibit this activity. One area where there is little consensus involves modern
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were found to have videotaped an opposing team from an unapproved location while trying to obtain defensive signals. As was the
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generally describes various actions designed to subvert rules in order to obtain unfair advantages. This includes acts of
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450:, was accused of both recruitment fraud and gambling fraud over the course of his career and was the subject of intense
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in the player recruitment process. Such practices are widespread all across athletics, and are particularly visible in
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279:
553:(RPG) genre. While this may be seen as a hasty advantage causing no damage to anyone, in a multi-player game such as
355:. Using the hand or arm by anyone other than a goalkeeper is illegal according to the rules of association football.
155:, making the identification of cheating conduct a potentially subjective process. Cheating can refer specifically to
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and exploits which give players an unfair advantage in online multiplayer games and single-player modes, or unfair
231:, the main route to career success for literate men in imperial China, as detailed in books like the Ming-dynasty
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or another form of prohibited spying in order to obtain details about other teams' strategies and tactics. The
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professor Donald McCabe for The Center for
Academic Integrity. The findings were corroborated in part by a
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that states a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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between players in online games (such as a player who spectates a match, removing limitations such as "
529:
In video games, cheating can take the form of secret access codes in single-player games (such as the
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purchasing of items or currency from sources outside the game is also considered to be cheating. The
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famously took a dive against Billy Fox in order to obtain his entry to a championship match against
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rather than cheating, since bettors can counter this by informing themselves and by exercising
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Illegally altering the condition of playing equipment is frequently seen in bat sports such as
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recruitment. Another common form of cheating in coaching is profiteering in association with
322:. A famous sporting scandal involving cheating via harassment and injury occurred in 1994 in
1196:"Unfair Competitive Advantage [Energy] Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc"
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use of, at the time legal, performance enhancers. However, there was cheating proven by the
342:
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330:'s ex-husband, Jeff Gillooly, and her bodyguard Shawn Eckhardt, hired Shane Stant to break
1020:"Who's cheating now? Jerry Rice admits to stickum use after New England Patriots comments"
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exist to prevent unfair competitive advantages in business and finance, for example
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scrutiny. Another form of this involves a team coach or other manager undertaking
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For centuries, rampant cheating and examiner-bribery were common problems for the
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was later also suspended, and both were banned from the 2006 Olympic Games. The
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use by former professional baseball players after they have retired, such as
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994:"Jerry Rice admitted to cheating just days before calling Pats cheaters"
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41:"Cheat", "Cheater", and "Cheated" redirect here. For other uses, see
17:
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Lying, Cheating, and
Stealing: A Moral Theory of White Collar Crime
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575:. One common example is the exploitation of errors in an enemy's
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Media, Charles Curtis | For NJ Advance (February 6, 2015).
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899:, pp. 123-7, March 2006; Cheating: "but everybody is doing it".
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An example of cheating via judging collusion occurred in the
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The Book of
Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection
407:
Athletic cheating is a widespread problem. For example, in
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1246:: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything
525:
card allows Amiga computer owners to cheat in video games.
286:
High-profile examples of alleged doping cheating include
159:. Someone who is known for cheating is referred to as a
971:. Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. 2005-08-24. Archived from
946:. Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. 2002-06-23. Archived from
81:
908:"Type 20: Corruption in Education", in Zhang Yingyu,
545:", and reports on enemy positions to game partners).
422:. One of the most common forms of this is the use of
533:) which unlock a bonus for the player when entered,
197:
can be used to cheat during an academic examination.
923:"Canseco:Steroids made my baseball career possible"
854:The Case of the Purloined Paper by Brigid Schulte
460:2007 New England Patriots videotaping controversy
220:), digital audio players can contain notes, and
498:Cheating is also used to refer to movements in
259:performance-enhancing drug taking (known as "
8:
1036:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
484:2002 Winter Olympics figure skating scandal
1040:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1145:Cheating: Gaining Advantage in Videogames
944:"Sports Illustrated:Steroids in baseball"
104:Learn how and when to remove this message
1122:"Separating Free-to-Play and Pay-To-Win"
1171:"California State University, East Bay"
806:"California State University, East Bay"
797:
280:used banned performance-enhancing drugs
224:store formulas to solve math problems.
1029:
282:over the course of his cycling career.
370:using a doctored baseball, such as a
7:
462:is an example of this, in which the
30:For cheating in a relationship, see
1074:"Three-year Ban for Skating Judge"
302:'s disqualification following the
229:Chinese civil service examinations
25:
1273:Cheating: Ethics in Everyday Life
745:Cheating at the Paralympic Games
683:throwing a game or taking a dive
446:Runnin' Rebels basketball team,
272:United States Anti-Doping Agency
62:
672:industry have claimed that all
444:University of Nevada, Las Vegas
442:. The most famous coach of the
343:used his hand to punch the ball
1173:. Csuh.iii.com. Archived from
808:. Csuh.iii.com. Archived from
1:
418:Cheating may also be seen in
1100:"Gradius Cheats & Codes"
270:A 2012 investigation by the
1275:. Oxford University Press.
1148:. MIT Press. Archived from
969:"Sportsillustrated.cnn.com"
489:International Skating Union
386:are some examples of this.
1331:
1271:Rhode, Deborah L. (2017).
1229:. Oxford University Press.
925:. Usatoday.com. 2005-02-17
623:which plays with secretly
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495:as a result of this case.
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1225:Green, Stuart P. (2006).
1124:. IGN.com. 13 August 2012
409:professional bodybuilding
250:List of sporting scandals
239:Sport, games and gambling
36:Cheating (disambiguation)
1216:Callahan, David (2004).
765:Cheating in online games
739:1950s quiz show scandals
717:, or the prohibition of
51:Cheated (disambiguation)
47:Cheater (disambiguation)
1200:definitions.uslegal.com
513:Cheating in video games
27:Action to subvert rules
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84:by rewriting it in an
43:Cheat (disambiguation)
34:. For other uses, see
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1218:The Cheating Culture
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464:New England Patriots
413:natural bodybuilding
338:quarter-final, when
310:, and admissions of
308:1988 Summer Olympics
254:Cheating in baseball
222:graphing calculators
760:Cheating in esports
643:may be regarded as
594:Cheating in casinos
468:Pittsburgh Steelers
456:corporate espionage
336:1986 FIFA World Cup
274:(USADA) found that
185:Academic dishonesty
1239:Dubner, Stephen J.
1056:"Yahoo Sports NFL"
780:Unfair competition
750:Cheating in bridge
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610:Georges de La Tour
527:
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210:Rutgers University
199:
126:
86:encyclopedic style
73:is written like a
775:Gaming the system
770:Cheating in poker
755:Cheating in chess
687:Black Sox Scandal
603:Cheater with the
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500:strength training
397:American football
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711:regulations
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625:loaded dice
577:pathfinding
531:Konami code
507:Video games
300:Ben Johnson
206:plagiarized
195:cheat sheet
1315:Sports law
1305:Misconduct
1294:Categories
1181:2013-07-21
1156:2013-07-21
1128:2014-01-26
1004:2015-02-08
979:2009-11-19
954:2009-11-19
929:2009-11-19
881:2013-07-21
841:2018-04-25
816:2013-07-21
793:References
649:skepticism
592:See also:
543:fog of war
384:corked bat
376:emery ball
350:goalkeeper
304:100 metres
290:'s use of
248:See also:
157:infidelity
32:Infidelity
539:collusion
477:collusion
428:kickbacks
415:leagues.
218:educators
1310:Morality
1300:Cheating
1241:(2005).
1078:BBC News
1032:cite web
786:Metagame
732:See also
709:Various
705:Business
653:cheering
617:gambling
588:Gambling
436:gamblers
420:coaching
382:using a
372:spitball
360:baseball
292:steroids
202:Academic
193:A small
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167:, and a
145:morality
141:nepotism
137:cronyism
129:Cheating
1106:29 July
635:, or a
555:MMORPGs
424:bribery
401:stickum
378:, or a
368:pitcher
364:cricket
347:England
312:steroid
169:cheater
133:bribery
124:scores.
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691:boxing
679:Nevada
670:casino
621:casino
388:Tennis
380:batter
374:or an
261:doping
244:Sports
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1084:4 May
875:(PDF)
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726:fraud
693:when
608:, by
535:hacks
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161:cheat
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1277:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1108:2016
1086:2017
1042:link
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641:odds
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