1613:
22:
286:
1237:
1569:
Anciently, when Hea was distinguished for its virtue, the distant regions sent pictures of the objects in them. The nine pastors sent in the metal of their provinces, and the tripods were cast, with representations on them of those objects. All the objects were represented, and of the preparations
1570:
to be made in reference to them, so that the people might know the sprites and evil things. Thus the people, when they went among the rivers, marshes, hills, and forests, did not meet with the injurious things, and the hill-sprites, monstrous things, and water-sprites, did not meet with them .
977:
The dragon eats and swims in clear water; the one-footed dragon eats in clean water but swims in muddy water; fish eat and swim in muddy water. Now, I have not ascended to the level of a dragon but I have not descended to that of fish. I am perhaps a one-footed
1926:
1536:
of mountains and forests, harmful to humans". The latter context only mentions the villainous Taowu: "The ancient kings located T'aou-wuh in the four distant regions, to encounter the sprites and other evil things."
1603:
as a dragon hybrid, "Those who give their opinion on the ch'i, state that they are dragon-like beings; therefore, as the word mei is copulated to (the name of) a dragon, the mei must be a congener of this animal."
678:"wild cow". He described this root as a "semantic atom, a referential complex with the meaning of 'wild' → 'wild animal' → 'couple'", and applied this etymon to many male and female animal couples, including *
2484:
1039:"dragons"; one describes a team of four dragons: "I ride a water chariot with a canopy of lotus; Two dragons draw it, between two water-serpents"; the other uses the compound
1522:, "banished these four wicked ones, Chaos, Monster, Block, and Glutton, casting them out into the four distant regions, to meet the spite of the sprites and evil things".
620:
Mound"), "There is an animal here [at the Mound of
Offspringline] which looks like a ram, but has four horns. Its name is the earth-cricket. It devours humans."
1014:"dark/black hornless-dragon"; "They lined water monsters up to join them in the dance"; and "Driving black dragons, I travel northwards." Another mentions
21:
1776:
The
Religious System of China: Its Ancient Forms, Evolution, History and Present Aspect, Manners, Customs and Social Institutions Connected Therewith
1860:
1612:
2468:
2399:
2334:
2306:
1845:
1813:
2562:
2543:
2287:
2172:
2139:
2004:
1951:
1916:
1893:
1774:
2528:
1865:. Volume VI Book II On the Soul and Ancestral Worship. Part IV. The War against Spectres. — Part V. The priesthood of Animism.
937:
to mean both "a hornless dragon" and "a mountain demon". The following discussion focuses upon earliest recorded usages in pre-
158:; 'hornless dragon+dragon'—"hornless dragon"; i.e. making it clear that a dragon and not a demon is being talked about.
2274:
1103:
2127:
2499:
2098:
Matisoff, James A (1985). "God and the Sino-Tibetan Copula with some good news concerning
Selected Tibeto-Burman Rhymes".
1995:
609:
2572:
617:
323:
1025:"white hornless-dragons"; "With a team of azure dragons, white serpents in the traces." Two final contexts mention
2279:
2164:
1173:
393:
2567:
2516:
1450:
113:
1684:, "a footed winged dragon with a serpent's tail, becoming in medieval times an oft-pictured heraldic beast."
1431:
can mean either "'demons, monsters' generally or 'mountain and water demons' separately". De Groot describes
983:
817:
775:
129:
34:
1439:, besides actual human beings, mountaineers alien to Chinese culture, perhaps a dying race of aborigines."
2511:
1562:
659:
533:"A mountain spirit and wild beast, [the pictograph] comes from its birdlike head, legs, and tail."
412:
913:
256:; 'coiled+hornless dragon+pattern'—"carved patterns of sinuous dragons (esp. on pillars/bronzes)"
2507:
1664:
1519:
1080:"green horned-dragon": "When the red hornless dragon and the green horned dragon roamed the land of Chi
927:
701:
2547:
117:
1702:
1224:
2433:
2064:
1435:
as "another demon-tribe" because the "Chinese place in their great class of hill-spirits certain
497:
1831:. Volume V, Book II. The Soul and Ancestral Worship: Part II. Demonology. — Part III. Sorcery.
2494:
2464:
2283:
2168:
2135:
2131:
2000:
1981:
1947:
1912:
1889:
1856:
1824:
1792:
1770:
1308:
1218:"hornless dragon". De Groot provides a picture of a sepulchral stone tablet decorated with a
899:
783:
637:
307:
96:
1162:"like a dragon and yellow" definition. However, a possible explanation might be found in the
2425:
2056:
1870:
1840:
1808:
1784:
1751:
1625:
1194:
951:
273:
51:
1046:"hornless dragon": "And water dragons swim side by side, swiftly darting above and below."
1383:
71:
1884:
The Songs of the South: An
Anthology of Ancient Chinese Poems by Qu Yuan and Other Poets
2457:
1882:
1280:
641:
333:
83:
30:
192:; 'hornless dragon+mouth'—"a roof ornament shaped like a dragon". Compare the
2556:
2533:
1667:
as well, horned dragons are generally more common than hornless ones. Based upon the
1617:
1557:
906:
794:
492:
38:
1475:
contexts concern banishing evildoers into dangerous wilderness regions. The former (
2537:
2524:
1905:
Huai-nan tzu: philosophical synthesis in early Han thought: the idea of resonance (
1548:
1419:"demons and monsters; evil spirits". Since some commentators differentiate between
1365:
1107:
697:
580:"A kind of ghost/demon, [the ideograph] comes from the "ghost radical" and
1561:"tripod cauldrons" to acquaint people with all the dangerous creatures in China's
1236:
380:, which is the earliest known writing, has the same radical-phonetic combination.
1937:
982:
The reason for translating "one-footed dragon" is unclear. Compare the legendary
2157:
1552:
1487:
1112:
938:
886:"mountain demon", and proposed a Sino-Tibetan etymology comparable with Tibetan
723:
419:
373:
290:
100:
1007:
five times, which is more than any other
Chinese classic. Two contexts mention
2490:
1849:
1817:
1589:
1436:
1250:
722:"secondary rainbow". Benedict noted how Karlgren inconsistently reconstructed
2032:
Boodberg, Peter A. (1979) . "Sino-Tibetan Notes". In Cohen, Alvin P. (ed.).
1943:
1324:
1051:
629:
285:
193:
1999:. Translated by Birrell, Anne (illustrated ed.). Penguin. p. 23.
804:"the spirit believed to cause sickness". He additionally hypothesized the *
548:"[A creature] like a dragon and yellow, in the north, they call it
1307:+ power'; "enchantment; fascination; charm"). Both modern Chinese and
2123:
1644:
1444:
337:
234:
1084:, the sky was limpid and the earth undisturbed." The latter occurs with
336:#142)—typically used in words for insects, reptiles, and dragons—with a
174:; 'hornless dragon+handle'—"carved dragon handle (esp. on cups)"
1653:
1188:
1096:
812:
2437:
2068:
1724:
987:
826:
763:
754:
718:
709:
483:
470:
464:
458:
407:
401:
368:
342:
328:
318:
272:; 'hornless dragon+throne'—"steps of the imperial palace; the
268:
265:
252:
249:
246:
229:
226:
217:
214:
201:
198:
188:
185:
170:
167:
154:
151:
1866:
1836:
1832:
1804:
1800:
1780:
1680:
1512:
1491:
1337:
1164:
346:; 'mountain demon', ' leave'). This phonetic element
179:
105:
59:
2429:
2060:
1611:
1523:
1355:
1235:
1099:
was "preceded by white serpents and followed by speeding snakes."
1092:
996:
284:
20:
1799:. Volume III, Book I. Disposal of the Dead: Part III. The Grave.
1200:
1137:, "Here horned dragons and red hornless dragons"; "Sir Fantasy"
554:, [the pictograph] comes from the "bug radical" and a
233:; 'hornless dragon+head'—"an architectural adornment;
1931:. Translated by Legge, James. Oxford University Press. 1872.
1642:, only a few dragons supposedly lacked horns, for instance,
1335:, but these were not regularly used in classical texts. The
636:"dragon; demon" is obscure. Carr reviews three proposals by
1532:
372:; 'leave', ' part'. The c. 3rd century BCE
941:
texts, some of which have uncertain dates of compilation.
767:"ornamental scarf"). Benedict reconstructed Old Chinese *
2159:
The Annals of Lü Buwei: A Complete
Translation and Study
2047:
Benedict, Paul K. (1976). "Sino-Tibetan: Another Look".
1946:- New York City: J. Müller - Cosimo Classics (reprint).
1674:"hornless-dragon head" roof adornment, Kroll translates
1295:; 'spirit') occurs in other expressions such as
749:
for all the other words in this phonetic series (e.g.,
2036:. University of California Press. pp. 165-7 (162–170).
587:"mountain demon radical", which is also the phonetic."
423:"mountain and forest demons; evil spirits; goblins".
1779:. 6 volumes: pp. XXIV+360, 468, 640, 464, 464, 414.
1148:, "red hornless dragons and green horned dragons."
2456:
2156:
1881:
99:. Hornless dragons were a common motif in ancient
1055:(c. 139 BCE) "Peering into the Obscure" chapter (
2087:. Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities. p. 26.
1909:) with a translation and analysis of chapter six
1651:"aquatic dragon; hornless dragon; crocodile" or
1073:"white hornless-dragon". The former occurs with
41:marble. Showing use as an architectural element.
322:; 'hornless dragon', combines the "bug
1635:, are represented with two horns. Besides the
1255:
1243:
2414:Le Symbolisme du dragon dans la Chine antique
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
1582:"injurious things, and the hill-sprites" and
411:) "mountain demon", which only occurs in the
8:
2534:Lacquerware vase with hornless dragon design
1151:Theses texts describe black, white, and red
1126:"red hornless dragons." "The Shanglin Park"
1183:demon as "resembling a tiger with scales".
141:"hornless dragon" occurs in words such as:
2120:ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese
1423:"demons of the mountains and forests" and
1363:, with the "hornless dragon" variant. The
1186:Many later dictionaries—for instance, the
1158:"hornless dragons", which contradicts the
789:"a species of devil or demon; a vampire",
774:"a mountain demon", deriving from a Proto-
1279:; "demon; evil spirit") only occurs as a
405:(differentiated with the "ghost radical"
2418:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2395:
2330:
2302:
2259:
2247:
2155:Knoblock, John; Riegel, Jeffrey (2000).
2049:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1888:. Translated by Hawkes, David. Penguin.
1454:has the earliest textual usages of both
955:(c. 239 BCE) quotes Confucius comparing
830:"spirit; god" from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *
1966:
1693:
1586:"monstrous things, and water-sprites".
1248:illustration from the 1802 CE Japanese
1204:(c. 1080 CE)—define a contrast between
76:
1977:
1228:illustration of this hornless dragon.
919:"devil; ghost" borrowed from Chinese.
867:Schuessler reconstructed Old Chinese *
112:(lit. "hornless-dragon mouth") was an
2383:
2371:
2359:
2347:
1759:Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
1628:and art, most dragons, including the
7:
2544:Hornless dragon on a porcelain plate
2318:
2100:Journal of Asian and African Studies
2019:
1973:
1936:Visser, Marinus Willern de (2008) .
1599:(late 1st century CE) considers the
1427:"demons of the rivers and marshes",
561:phonetic, or, a hornless is called
221:; 'hornless dragon+head' or
2034:Selected Works of Peter A. Boodberg
1732:combined with the phonetic element
474:representing the demon's hair, cf.
1928:The Ch'un Ts'ew with the Tso Chuen
1660:"horned dragon; hornless dragon".
745:"a kind of dragon; a demon"; but *
445:. Note the "ghost radical" in the
14:
2455:Welch, Patricia Bjaaland (2008).
2412:Kroll, Paul W (1989). "Review of
1996:The Classic of Mountains and Seas
1942:. Introduction by Loren Coleman.
1616:Horned dragon roof decoration in
1555:, cast nine instructional bronze
1369:(c. 4th century BCE) first wrote
894:"goblin; demon, evil spirit" and
713:"primary rainbow" and Yin/female
86:" or "a mountain demon" (namely,
2529:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
2278:. Translated by Watson, Burton.
1852:Canda - Paris by Pierre Palpant.
1820:Canda - Paris by Pierre Palpant.
1574:Note how Legge translates each
1448:(c. 389 BCE) commentary to the
864:"goblin; demon; evil spirit").
658:etymologically descends from a
2275:Records of the Grand Historian
1911:. Hong Kong University Press.
1906:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1706:
1671:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1632:
1596:
1544:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1483:
1476:
1465:
1458:
1416:
1405:
1396:
1374:
1360:
1346:
1332:
1319:
1312:
1300:
1292:
1276:
1268:
1215:
1208:
1180:
1169:
1155:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1104:Records of the Grand Historian
1088:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1004:
986:
966:
959:
934:
883:
879:
875:
853:
841:Matisoff analyzes Benedict's *
825:
808:
782:"demon" root, also evident in
771:
762:
753:
742:
738:
734:
717:
708:
693:
686:
655:
651:
613:
605:
597:
592:
584:
577:
573:
569:
558:
550:
545:
541:
537:
530:
526:
522:
514:
510:
506:
502:
496:(121 CE), which was the first
482:
478:
469:
463:
457:
450:
442:
435:
431:
427:
418:
406:
400:
389:
385:
377:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
341:
327:
317:
312:
299:
295:
264:
260:
245:
241:
225:
213:
209:
197:
184:
178:
166:
162:
150:
146:
138:
134:
109:
92:
88:
64:
1:
2307:pp. 311-2 digitalized edition
1939:The Dragon in China and Japan
1862:The Religious System of China
1843:- Literature House (reprint).
1829:The Religious System of China
1811:- Literature House (reprint).
1797:The Religious System of China
1399:, without the ghost radical.
1377:, but more classics like the
1311:normally use "ghost radical"
1091:"fast snake": the chariot of
856:with another Tibetan cognate
696:"female dragon". Compare how
610:Classic of Mountains and Seas
1106:" (c. 100 BCE) biography of
912:"devil", and possibly Proto-
392:"hornless dragon" is also a
2563:Chinese legendary creatures
2128:University of Hawai'i Press
2083:Karlgren, Bernhard (1957).
1551:, legendary founder of the
1395:) phonetically wrote it as
1021:"green horned-dragons" and
860:"goblins and demons" (from
608:"earth cricket," which the
205:; 'owl/hawk+mouth'.
82:) means either "a hornless
2589:
1903:Le Blanc, Charles (1985).
1066:"red hornless-dragon" and
2400:p. 45 digitalized edition
2335:p. 44 digitalized edition
2280:Columbia University Press
2236:Qu Yuan & Hawkes 1985
2224:Qu Yuan & Hawkes 1985
2212:Qu Yuan & Hawkes 1985
2200:Qu Yuan & Hawkes 1985
2188:Qu Yuan & Hawkes 1985
2165:Stanford University Press
2118:Schuessler, Axel (2007).
1857:de Groot, Jan Jakob Maria
1825:de Groot, Jan Jakob Maria
1793:de Groot, Jan Jakob Maria
1771:de Groot, Jan Jakob Maria
1349:, but earlier texts like
1256:
1244:
1000:(c. 2nd century CE) uses
468:(with the "hair radical"
394:variant Chinese character
55:
2540:, National Palace Museum
1728:uses the "bird radical"
1530:as "born in the strange
969:"hornless dragons", and
640:, Paul K. Benedict, and
114:imperial roof decoration
2416:by Jean-Pierre Dieny".
2085:Grammata Serica Recensa
1578:syllable individually:
1518:); the legendary ruler
991:"a one-footed dragon".
741:"a kind of demon", and
700:cosmology dichotomized
647:Boodberg proposed that
130:Modern Standard Chinese
35:Hall of Supreme Harmony
2512:National Palace Museum
1976:, p. 137, citing
1752:"Chinese Dragon Names"
1750:Carr, Michael (1990).
1736:to form the full word.
1621:
1572:
1526:'s commentary glosses
1260:
1176:, which describes the
980:
591:This "earth cricket" (
303:
42:
2508:Warring States period
2282:. pp. 309, 312.
1665:comparative mythology
1615:
1567:
1341:(111 CE) first wrote
1239:
975:
928:Chinese classic texts
849:, and links Chinese *
546:若龍而黃北方謂之地螻从虫离聲或云無角曰螭。
500:of characters, gives
430:is sometimes written
350:is pronounced either
288:
29:("hornless dragon").
24:
2548:Royal Alberta Museum
2521:hornless dragon head
1547:context records how
1315:characters to write
1211:"horned dragon" and
1110:includes two of his
898:"species of demon",
737:"a mountain demon",
453:(with a phonetic of
118:Chinese architecture
2573:Chinese iconography
2487:, Chinese Etymology
1846:Digitalized edition
1814:Digitalized edition
1479:18;) refers to the
1225:Gujin Tushu Jicheng
1141:mentions them with
1130:mentions them with
1119:poems that mention
689:"male dragon" and *
666:"wild oxen", from *
360:"demon; dragon" or
302:"a dragon; a demon"
2272:Sima Qian (1993).
1993:Anonymous (2000).
1622:
1412:in the expression
1261:
905:"unclean spirit",
704:between Yang/male
498:Chinese dictionary
304:
43:
2495:Kangxi Dictionary
2470:978-0-8048-3864-1
2022:, pp. 138–9.
845:"demon" root as *
670:"wild bull" and *
638:Peter A. Boodberg
308:Chinese character
97:Chinese mythology
2580:
2546:, Qing dynasty,
2474:
2462:
2443:
2441:
2409:
2403:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2162:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1990:
1984:
1971:
1957:
1932:
1922:
1908:
1899:
1887:
1880:Qu Yuan (1985).
1874:
1844:
1812:
1788:
1766:
1756:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1698:
1673:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1634:
1626:Chinese folklore
1608:Mythic parallels
1598:
1576:chimei-wangliang
1546:
1542:chimei-wangliang
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1485:
1478:
1467:
1463:chimei-wangliang
1460:
1429:chimei-wangliang
1418:
1414:chimei-wangliang
1407:
1398:
1376:
1362:
1348:
1334:
1321:
1314:
1302:
1294:
1278:
1270:
1259:
1258:
1247:
1246:
1217:
1210:
1195:Longkan Shoujian
1182:
1172:) commentary of
1171:
1157:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1090:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1006:
990:
968:
961:
936:
885:
881:
877:
855:
829:
810:
773:
766:
757:
744:
740:
736:
721:
712:
695:
688:
657:
653:
615:
607:
601:) compares with
599:
594:
586:
579:
575:
571:
560:
552:
547:
543:
539:
532:
528:
524:
516:
512:
508:
504:
486:
480:
473:
467:
461:
452:
444:
437:
433:
429:
422:
410:
404:
391:
387:
379:
371:
364:
359:
354:
349:
345:
331:
321:
314:
301:
297:
271:
262:
255:
243:
232:
220:
211:
204:
191:
182:
173:
164:
157:
148:
140:
136:
111:
94:
90:
80:
68:
57:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2568:Chinese dragons
2553:
2552:
2481:
2471:
2454:
2451:
2449:Further reading
2446:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2341:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2167:. p. 505.
2154:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1972:
1968:
1954:
1935:
1925:
1919:
1902:
1896:
1879:
1855:
1823:
1791:
1769:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1717:
1713:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1610:
1408:is joined with
1253:-Bakemonogatari
1234:
947:
945:Hornless dragon
925:
702:rainbow-dragons
626:
283:
126:
116:in traditional
17:
12:
11:
5:
2586:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2541:
2531:
2514:
2500:Jade awl of a
2497:
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2480:
2479:External links
2477:
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2430:10.2307/604462
2424:(2): 325–330.
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1281:bound morpheme
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1230:
1198:(997 CE), and
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793:"demons", and
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531:山神獸也从禽頭从厹从屮。
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2459:Chinese Art
1978:Visser 1913
1871:E. J. Brill
1841:E. J. Brill
1809:E. J. Brill
1785:E. J. Brill
1553:Xia dynasty
1488:Four Fiends
1241:Chimi-mōryō
1059:) mentions
962:"dragons",
724:Old Chinese
624:Etymologies
481:'s variant
449:characters
374:seal script
291:seal script
194:homophonous
101:Chinese art
2557:Categories
2493:, 1716 CE
2463:. Tuttle.
2398:, p. 506 (
2384:Legge 1872
2372:Legge 1872
2360:Legge 1872
2348:Legge 1872
2333:, p. 505 (
1850:Chicoutimi
1818:Chicoutimi
1744:References
1620:, Shanghai
1590:Wang Chong
1437:quadrumana
1251:Hyakkiyako
973:魚 "fish".
578:鬼屬从鬼从离离亦聲。
281:Characters
103:, and the
72:Wade–Giles
2319:Carr 1990
2020:Carr 1990
1974:Carr 1990
1962:Footnotes
1944:Amsterdam
1827:(1964) .
1795:(1964) .
1584:wangliang
1471:Both the
1425:wangliang
1410:wangliang
1389:Huainanzi
1371:wangliang
1325:wangliang
1052:Huainanzi
858:hdre-srin
664:brong-bri
630:etymology
340:symbol, (
242:pánchīwén
2124:Honolulu
1859:(1910).
1645:jiaolong
1445:Zuozhuan
1384:Zhuangzi
1379:Shuoyuan
1351:Zuozhuan
1309:Japanese
1271:used in
1267:variant
1222:and the
1174:Wei Zhao
1132:jiaolong
923:Meanings
900:Tangkhul
758:"drip",
413:compound
338:phonetic
289:Ancient
235:gargoyle
196:variant
25:Head of
2519:chishou
2517:Marble
2485:螭 entry
2442:p. 329.
2106:: 1–81.
2073:p. 190.
1669:chishou
1654:qiulong
1594:Lunheng
1499:Qiongqi
1481:Sixiong
1451:Chunqiu
1303:; '
1257:百鬼夜講化物語
1189:Guangya
1143:qingqiu
1075:qingqiu
1041:chilong
1016:qingqiu
1009:xuanchi
978:dragon!
914:Kam–Sui
847:s-r-i-n
843:sri(-n)
813:cognate
791:srin-po
784:Tibetan
780:sri(-n)
324:radical
274:Emperor
210:chīshǒu
147:chīlóng
132:usage,
52:Chinese
2504:dragon
2467:
2438:604462
2436:
2286:
2171:
2138:
2132:p. 186
2108:p. 63.
2069:599822
2067:
2003:
1982:p. 101
1950:
1915:
1892:
1867:Leiden
1837:Taipei
1833:Leiden
1805:Taipei
1801:Leiden
1781:Leiden
1681:wyvern
1601:chimei
1580:chimei
1528:chimei
1513:Taotie
1511:, and
1492:Hundun
1473:chimei
1456:chimei
1433:chimei
1421:chimei
1403:Chimei
1391:, and
1343:chimei
1338:Hanshu
1317:chīmèi
1287:, but
1285:chimèi
1273:chīmèi
1165:Hanshu
1121:chichi
1086:benshe
1068:baichi
1061:chichi
896:gre-bo
882:, and
834:< *
821:< *
800:< *
795:Lushai
682:< *
662:root *
618:Kunlun
513:, and
462:) and
425:Chimei
416:chimei
223:chītóu
180:chīwěn
163:chīniǔ
106:chiwen
89:chīmèi
84:dragon
74::
62::
60:pinyin
54::
2434:JSTOR
2065:JSTOR
1848:2007
1816:2007
1755:(PDF)
1688:Notes
1524:Du Yu
1506:Taowu
1393:Chuci
1366:Guoyu
1356:Shiji
1330:mōryō
1297:mèilì
1102:The "
1093:Fu Xi
1032:with
997:Chuci
890:<
815:with
728:t'lia
684:blong
680:lyung
676:brien
668:brong
603:tulou
598:dìlóu
551:dìlóu
438:with
383:This
261:chībì
95:) in
78:ch'ih
2465:ISBN
2346:Tr.
2284:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2126:HI:
2001:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1890:ISBN
1703:shen
1700:See
1630:long
1558:ding
1545:螭魅罔兩
1540:The
1520:Shun
1466:螭魅罔兩
1461:and
1442:The
1417:魑魅魍魎
1353:and
1322:and
1263:The
1245:魑魅魍魎
1201:Piya
1097:Nüwa
1095:and
1049:The
1034:long
994:The
957:long
949:The
930:use
917:la:l
907:Bodo
892:ɴdre
888:’dre
871:for
869:rhai
862:hdre
851:xlia
832:-rin
818:shen
806:xlia
769:xlia
730:for
706:hong
691:t'ia
674:or *
628:The
490:The
396:for
310:for
306:The
293:for
124:Word
2502:chi
2426:doi
2422:109
2386:, .
2057:doi
1678:as
1676:chi
1663:In
1637:chi
1624:In
1592:'s
1490:" (
1373:as
1345:as
1328:or
1305:mèi
1289:mèi
1283:in
1265:chī
1220:chi
1213:chi
1206:qiu
1178:chi
1170:揚雄傳
1153:chi
1139:子虛賦
1128:上林賦
1057:覽冥訓
1027:chi
1002:chi
984:Kui
964:chi
939:Han
932:chi
910:ráj
903:rai
873:chi
836:rin
823:yěn
802:sri
798:hri
787:sri
747:lia
732:chi
672:bri
654:or
649:chi
634:chi
632:of
614:昆侖邱
582:chi
570:chī
563:chi
556:chi
538:chī
523:chī
503:chī
487:).
476:chi
455:wei
447:mei
440:chi
434:or
398:chi
386:chī
353:chī
313:chī
296:chī
135:chī
128:In
66:chī
47:Chi
27:chi
2559::
2536:,
2527:,
2523:,
2510:,
2506:,
2432:.
2420:.
2402:).
2337:).
2309:).
2163:.
2134:.
2130:.
2122:.
2104:29
2102:.
2063:.
2053:96
2051:.
1980:,
1907:感應
1869::
1839::
1835:-
1807::
1803:-
1783::
1763:13
1761:.
1757:.
1720:Lí
1672:螭首
1658:虯龍
1649:蛟龍
1597:論衡
1565:.
1533:qi
1516:饕餮
1509:檮杌
1504:,
1502:窮奇
1497:,
1495:渾敦
1484:四凶
1477:文公
1468:.
1459:螭魅
1406:螭魅
1397:罔兩
1387:,
1381:,
1375:魍魎
1361:螭魅
1347:魑魅
1333:魍魎
1320:魑魅
1301:魅力
1277:魑魅
1146:青虯
1135:蛟龍
1124:赤螭
1113:fu
1089:奔蛇
1078:青虯
1071:白螭
1064:赤螭
1044:螭龍
1023:白螭
1019:青虯
1012:玄螭
971:yu
878:,
838:.
760:li
751:li
715:ni
644:.
616:("
606:土螻
595:;
593:地螻
576::
565:."
544::
529::
509:,
436:螭鬽
432:螭魅
428:魑魅
420:魑魅
363:lí
326:"
316:,
120:.
110:螭吻
93:螭魅
70:;
58:;
37:.
33:,
2473:.
2440:.
2428::
2292:.
2177:.
2144:.
2071:.
2059::
2009:.
1956:.
1921:.
1898:.
1873:.
1787:.
1734:离
1730:隹
1725:離
1707:蜃
1640:螭
1633:龍
1486:"
1313:鬼
1299:(
1293:魅
1291:(
1275:(
1269:魑
1216:螭
1209:虯
1181:螭
1168:(
1156:螭
1117:賦
1082:冀
1037:龍
1030:螭
1005:螭
988:夔
967:螭
960:龍
935:螭
884:螭
880:魑
876:离
854:魑
827:神
809:离
778:*
772:魑
764:縭
755:漓
743:螭
739:魑
735:离
726:*
719:蜺
710:虹
694:魑
687:龍
656:魑
652:螭
585:离
574:魑
559:离
542:螭
527:离
515:魑
511:螭
507:离
484:彲
479:螭
471:彡
465:鬽
459:未
451:魅
443:螭
408:鬼
402:魑
390:螭
378:螭
369:離
358:螭
348:离
343:离
332:(
329:虫
319:螭
300:螭
276:"
269:陛
266:螭
253:文
250:螭
247:蟠
237:"
230:頭
227:螭
218:首
215:螭
202:吻
199:鴟
189:吻
186:螭
171:紐
168:螭
155:龍
152:螭
139:螭
56:螭
50:(
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