2105:
games and jokes with homophonic and harmonic words. In modern life, the influence of homophones can be seen everywhere, from CCTV evening sketch programmes, folk art performances and popular folk life. In recent years, receiving the influence of
Internet pop culture, young people have invented more new and popular homophones. Homophones even play a major role in daily life throughout China, including Spring Festival traditions, which gifts to give (and not give), political criticism, texting, and many other aspects of people's lives.
36:
3251:
655:
2133:
It is estimated that there are approximately 4,500 to 4,800 possible syllables in
Vietnamese, depending on the dialect. The exact number is difficult to calculate because there are significant differences in pronunciation among the dialects. For example, the graphemes and digraphs "d", "gi", and
1402:
There are many homophones in present-day standard German. As in other languages, however, there exists regional and/or individual variation in certain groups of words or in single words, so that the number of homophones varies accordingly. Regional variation is especially common in words that exhibit
2104:
Even with the existence of two- or two-syllable words, however, there are even multisyllabic homophones. And there are also a lot of harmonic words. The cultural phenomenon brought about by such linguistic characteristics is that from ancient times to the present day, people have been keen to play
2100:
Since many
Chinese words became homophonic over the centuries, it became difficult to distinguish words when listening to documents written in Classical Chinese being read aloud. One-syllable articles like those mentioned above are evidence for this. For this reason, many one-syllable words from
1179:
There are sources which maintain lists of homophones (words with identical pronunciations but different spellings) and even 'multinyms.' There is disagreement among such lists due to dialectical variations in pronunciation and archaic uses. In
English, concerning groups of homophones (excluding
1355:
The
Portuguese language has one of the highest numbers of homophones and consequently homographs in the world. Homophonic words include: "Jogo" - I throw, "Jogo" - I play, "Jogo" - Match (Sports), and "Jogo" - Game (This last one is controversial, with dialects like Paulistano considering it
1997:
Although all these words consist of the same string of consonants and vowels, the only way to distinguish each of these words audibly is by listening to which tone the word has, and as shown above, saying a consonant-vowel string using a different tone can produce an entirely different word
2053:
Many scholars believe that the
Chinese language did not always have such a large number of homophones and that the phonological structure of Chinese syllables was once more complex, which allowed for a larger amount of possible syllables so that words sounded more distinct from each other.
1828:
and Korean's removal of those tones, and because the modern Korean writing system, Hangeul, has a more finite number of phonemes than, for example, Latin-derived alphabets such as that of
English, there are many homonyms with both the same spelling and pronunciation. For example
1945:
syllables (as
Mandarin only allows for an initial consonant, a vowel, and a nasal or retroflex consonant in respective order), there are only a little over 400 possible unique syllables that can be produced, compared to over 15,831 in the English language.
1442:
Besides websites that offer extensive lists of German homophones, there are others which provide numerous sentences with various types of homophones. In the German language homophones occur in more than 200 instances. Of these, a few are triples like
1180:
proper nouns), there are approximately 88 triplets, 24 quadruplets, 2 quintuplets, 1 sextet, 1 septet, and 1 questionable octet (possibly a second septet). The questionable octet is:
2196:
identical to a word. For example, groan/grone and crane/crain are pseudo-homophone pairs, whereas plane/plain is a homophone pair since both letter strings are recognised words. Both types of pairs are used in
914:
Wordplay is particularly common in
English because the multiplicity of linguistic influences offers considerable complication in spelling and meaning and pronunciation compared with other languages.
139:
sometimes applies to units longer or shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are pronounced the same as a counterpart. Any unit with this property is said to be
1555:, but with different pitches), or from context, but many of these words are primarily or almost exclusively used in writing, where they are easily distinguished as they are written with different
2012:
There are even place names in China that have identical pronunciations, aside for the difference in tone. For example, there are two neighboring provinces with nearly identical names,
2443:
2821:
Mogg, K.; Bradley, B.P.; Miller, T.; Potts, H.; Glenwright, J.; Kentish, J. (1994). "Interpretation of homophones related to threat: Anxiety or response bias effects?".
1933:
As in other languages, Korean homonyms can be used to make puns. The context in which the word is used indicates which meaning is intended by the speaker or writer.
1578:), which is the pronunciation of at least 22 words (some quite rare or specialized, others common; all these examples are two-character compounds), including:
1366:
Cinto - a strip of varying width made of fabric, leather, or other material, worn around the waist and tied with a bow or fastened with a buckle or other closure.
2546:
1150:
During the 1980s, an attempt was made to promote a distinctive term for same-sounding multiple words or phrases, by referring to them as "oronyms", but the term
2067:
to replace sounds that were lost from Old
Chinese. Since words in Old Chinese sounded more distinct from each other at this time, it explains why many words in
1272:
The inclusion of "race" in the octet above is questionable, since its pronunciation differs from the other words on the list (ending with /s/ instead of /z/).
2756:
2284:
2289:
2146:(advertise) are all pronounced /zaw˧/. In Saigon dialect, however, the graphemes and digraphs "d", "gi", and "v" are all pronounced /j/, so the words
2125:
Subtitles in Chinese characters are usually displayed on music videos and in songs sung on movies and TV shows to disambiguate the song's lyrics.
2696:
2118:
in the song. While in most cases, the lack of phonemic tones in music does not cause confusion among native speakers, there are instances where
2569:
2412:
682:
2726:
3018:
572:
2039:
when transcribing Chinese place names into their own languages, the only way to visually distinguish the two names is to write Shaanxi in
1962:
Like all Chinese languages, Mandarin uses phonemic tones to distinguish homophonic syllables; Mandarin has five tones. A famous example,
3213:
3208:
2923:
2890:
2109:
2470:
812:
in that they are no longer distinctive, and thus words that differ only by those sounds in an accent that maintains the distinction (a
2114:
Another complication that arises within the Chinese language is that in non-rap songs, tones are disregarded in favor of maintaining
2869:
1955:
2020:(陕西) Province. The only difference in pronunciation between the two names are the tone in the first syllable (Shanxi is pronounced
2980:
2365:
2435:
1535:, where borrowed words and morphemes from Chinese are widely used in Japanese, but many sound differences, such as the original
1166:
features (names of mountains, hills, etc.), the alternative use of the same term was not well accepted in scholarly literature.
2312:
pronunciation; however, homonyms according to the loose sense common in nontechnical contexts are words with the same spelling
532:
1953:, or poems where every single word in the poem is pronounced as the same syllable if tones are disregarded. An example is the
310:
3223:
592:
537:
2929:
2896:
2221:
as a test of cognitive models that those with high anxiety tend to interpret ambiguous information in a threatening manner.
2637:
2607:
111:
the same (to a varying extent) as another word but differs in meaning and sometimes also in spelling. The two words may be
3278:
904:
896:
567:
258:
1492:
Although Spanish has far fewer homophones than English, they are far from being non-existent. Some are homonyms, such as
2169:(dice) are both pronounced /săk˧˥/ in Hanoi dialect, but pronounced /ʂăk˧˥/ and /săk˧˥/ in Saigon dialect respectively.
1356:
non-homophonic, while dialects like Caipira consider it only homophonic, noting that these are two Brazilian dialects.)
512:
378:
3283:
2990:
2538:
1496:, which can either mean 'enough' or 'coarse', and some exist because of homophonous letters. For example, the letters
632:
338:
1515:
Other homonyms are spelled the same, but mean different things in different genders. For example, the masculine noun
20:
2095:
832:
805:
675:
622:
522:
348:
940:. Examples of same-sounding phrases (which may only be true homophones in certain dialects of English) include:
3238:
3233:
3011:
2416:
1532:
809:
527:
470:
285:
2161:
Pairs of words that are homophones in one dialect may not be homophones in the other. For example, the words
1415:, these vowels should be distinguished as /ɛ:/ and /e:/, but this is not always the case, so that words like
3288:
3228:
2748:
627:
465:
442:
1998:
altogether. If tones are included, the number of unique syllables in Mandarin increases to at least 1,522.
3136:
982:
908:
577:
544:
497:
413:
393:
373:
275:
253:
248:
3203:
3141:
2778:
Martin, R.C. (1982). "The pseudohomophone effect: The role of visual similarity in non-word decisions".
2198:
2058:
353:
2688:
1820:
The Korean language contains a combination of words that strictly belong to Korean and words that are
28:"Heterography" redirects here. For the practice of writing one language in the script of another, see
3131:
2213:
Homophones, specifically heterographs, where one spelling is of a threatening nature and one is not (
2173:
1950:
668:
597:
507:
388:
333:
230:
2967:
2577:
35:
3218:
3051:
3004:
2573:
438:
368:
343:
315:
3250:
2420:
654:
3273:
3254:
3087:
2838:
2803:
2718:
2240:
2101:
Classical Chinese became two-syllable words, like the words mentioned in the previous paragraph.
2006:
1927:
1825:
658:
637:
607:
562:
517:
485:
475:
363:
358:
1949:
Chinese has an entire genre of poems taking advantage of the large amount of homophones called
3293:
3151:
2919:
2886:
2865:
2795:
2465:
2068:
1262:, a name for one step of the musical scale; obsolete legal term for "the matter" or "incident"
1257:
502:
480:
423:
3156:
3107:
2830:
2787:
2600:"Compare that with 413 syllables for Chinese if you ignore tones, 1,522 syllables"
2488:
2202:
2072:
1942:
1536:
900:
817:
602:
433:
428:
403:
398:
383:
146:
57:
2662:
2513:
2474:
2984:
2971:
2330:
2046:. Otherwise, nearly all other spellings of placenames in mainland China are spelled using
2040:
1902:
There are heterographs, but far fewer, contrary to the tendency in English. For example,
1387:
Cinto - a long, narrow bag that travelers attach to the waist or carry over the shoulder.
1431:(gesture), the latter of which varies between /ˈɡe:stə/ and /ˈɡɛstə/ and by a pair like
1359:
For example, "Cinto" is a homophone for 9 other words, totalizing 10.(Oxford Languages)
2064:
2033:
1089:
comedy routine, which play on exaggerated "country" accents. Notable examples include:
1082:
701:
447:
29:
2373:
2005:, for example, has at least 125 homophones, and it is the pronunciation used for
3267:
3182:
2977:
2272:
1343:
1234:– a verb meaning "to demolish, level to the ground" or "to scrape as if with a razor"
108:
2842:
2807:
3041:
2063:
Scholars also believe that Old Chinese had no phonemic tones, but tones emerged in
2043:
1539:, are lost. These are to some extent disambiguated via Japanese pitch accent (i.e.
1423:(honor) may or may not be homophones. Individual variation is shown by a pair like
1022:
1018:
1012:
920:, which often create a similar comic effect, are usually near-homophones. See also
813:
736:
490:
280:
39:
2913:
2880:
2630:
2599:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1865:
1855:
1851:
1369:
Cinto - any strap or band that encircles the waist or trunk for safety purposes.
1155:
1046:
1008:
917:
756:
642:
617:
238:
2958:
3027:
2791:
2473:[Example sentences with German homophones] (in German). Archived from
2245:
2189:
2001:
However, even with tones, Mandarin retains a very large amount of homophones.
1291:
1159:
1086:
1004:
959:
732:
612:
295:
16:
Word that has identical pronunciation as another word, but differs in meaning
3166:
3072:
2251:
2235:
2036:
1821:
1812:
The former two words are disambiguated from the latter two by pitch accent.
1316:– the ubiquitous atmospheric gas that people breathe; a type of musical tune
1296:
937:
724:
587:
582:
418:
408:
300:
290:
185:
2244:
that uses homophones (e.g. "doe", "ray", "me") to explain the notes in the
2799:
2308:
According to the strict sense of homonyms as words with the same spelling
3187:
3122:
3097:
3082:
2631:"Corpus-based adaptation mechanisms for Chinese Homophone disambiguation"
2231:
2193:
1569:
1285:
1163:
1151:
1052:
112:
876:
are homophonous in most American accents but not in most English accents
3161:
3102:
3046:
2834:
2261:
2256:
2218:
2017:
1338:
921:
189:
3112:
3092:
2663:"Mandarin Homophones Explained: Enhance Your Chinese Language Skills"
2266:
2115:
2047:
2013:
933:
728:
305:
903:, and most dialects of American English, but are homophones in some
816:) are homophonous in the accent with the merger. Some examples from
19:
This article is about the term in linguistics. For other uses, see
3146:
3077:
1911:
1556:
1412:
1439:(style), the latter of which varies between /ʃtiːl/ and /stiːl/.
3056:
1636:(word for "you" used by men addressing male equals or inferiors)
1362:
Although they are homophones, most of them are also homographs.
966:
3000:
727:) or to suggest multiple meanings. The last usage is common in
2915:
The Deed of Reading: Literature, writing, language, philosophy
2489:"51 Spanish Words That Sound Exactly Like Other Spanish Words"
2338:
2316:
pronunciation, in which case all homophones are also homonyms.
2134:"r" are all pronounced /z/ in the Hanoi dialect, so the words
2119:
1280:
1275:
If proper names are included, then a possible nonet would be:
1250:, a mixture of sodium salts found as an efflorescence in India
720:
167:
2996:
2964:
1761:
Even some native Japanese words are homophones. For example,
1559:; others are used for puns, which are frequent in Japanese.
2955:– a list of American homophones with a searchable database.
2952:
2083:) in Classical Chinese, and the Standard Mandarin word 教育 (
1824:
from Chinese. Due to Chinese being pronounced with varying
170:
152:
99:
93:
78:
72:
1375:
Cinto - that which surrounds and/or limits a space; fence.
161:
66:
1531:
There are many homophones in Japanese, due to the use of
207:
Homophones that are spelled differently are also called
2918:. Ithaca, NY and London, UK: Cornell University Press.
2269:, a type of wordplay involving similar-sounding phrases
2545:. Study Online Mandarin Chinese Courses. 7 July 2017.
2539:"Is there any similarity between Chinese and English?"
2415:. Department of Scientific Computing. Fun / wordplay.
123:(past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in
2882:
An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies
1519:
means 'capital' as in 'money', but the feminine noun
184:
Homophones that are spelled the same are deemed both
173:
164:
81:
75:
2514:"37 Spanish Nouns Whose Meanings Change With Gender"
2217:
slay/sleigh, war/wore) have been used in studies of
3196:
3175:
3121:
3065:
3034:
158:
155:
149:
96:
90:
87:
69:
63:
60:
2974:– a collection of homophones and their definitions
953:I scream. You scream. We all scream for ice cream.
2071:consisted of only one syllable. For example, the
1268:– the plural of real, the currency unit of Brazil
204:that book" (I have finished reading that book).
2961:– a book of sound-alike words published in 2012
2436:"Homophone und homonyme im deutschen Homophone"
1381:Cinto - "A metal cinto reinforces the columns."
2885:. Lanham and London, UK: The Scarecrow Press.
2337:(1980), and such use was also accepted in the
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1768:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1573:
1546:
1540:
1378:Cinto - a ring that encircles something; belt.
775:(tolled) in his poem "Faithless Sally Brown":
3012:
1304:– legal term and various geographic locations
1085:frequently uses same-sounding phrases in his
676:
46:(blue circle) and related linguistic concepts
8:
2993:– homophones list, activities and worksheets
2864:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Dorset Press.
2780:Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
1921:
1915:
1883:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1840:
1834:
2376:on 4 March 2016 – via Dictionary.com.
1504:are pronounced exactly alike, so the words
932:Same-sounding (homophonous, or homophonic)
200:" (he is very learned) vs. the sentence "I
3019:
3005:
2997:
1906:'학문(學問)': 'learning' vs. '항문(肛門)': 'anus'.
1372:Cinto - synonymous with "CÓS" (waistband).
683:
669:
225:
2719:"How do people sing in a tonal language?"
1692:(contribute an article / a written piece)
1411:. According to the well-known dictionary
2689:"Chinese Homophones and Chinese Customs"
2471:"Beispielsätze mit deutschen Homophonen"
1393:Sinto - to become sensitive to something
1384:Cinto - synonymous with "ANILHA" (ring).
34:
2398:
2357:
2301:
237:
2345:, which featured Brandreth as a guest.
2285:List of dialect-independent homophones
1930:, such words are written differently.
1390:Sinto - to touch and feel the texture.
2749:"vietnamese tone marks pronunciation"
2729:from the original on 28 November 2020
7:
2549:from the original on 25 January 2021
2386:
2329:was first proposed and advocated by
2290:List of dialect-dependent homophones
1773:) is the pronunciation of the words
1512:(vast) are pronounced identically.
1240:– an archaic verb meaning "to erase"
719:Homophones are often used to create
573:Conservative and innovative language
3214:International scientific vocabulary
3209:English lexicology and lexicography
2158:(enter) are all pronounced /jaw˧/.
2110:Homophonic puns in Standard Chinese
1993:(吗) is a yes / no question particle
1941:Due to phonological constraints in
2991:Useful tips ... English homophones
2987:– swaps homophones in any sentence
2932:from the original on 14 April 2021
2899:from the original on 14 April 2021
2643:from the original on 14 April 2021
2610:from the original on 14 April 2021
2370:Random House Unabridged Dictionary
42:showing the relationships between
14:
2699:from the original on 9 April 2021
2446:from the original on 8 March 2021
2009:such as 义, 意, 易, 亿, 议, 一, and 已.
1956:Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den
779:His death, which happen'd in his
723:and to deceive the reader (as in
3249:
2759:from the original on 18 May 2022
2079:, meaning "lion") was simply 狮 (
1898:'밤': 'chestnut' vs. '밤': 'night'
1154:was already well established in
743:: "The shops in mourning" where
735:. An example of this is seen in
653:
145:
56:
1334:– poetic "ever" (some speakers)
1100:: "My wife ate two sandwiches,
3224:Lexicographic information cost
2823:Cognitive Therapy and Research
2032:As most languages exclude the
2024:whereas Shaanxi is pronounced
1922:
1916:
1884:
1876:
1863:
1850:
1841:
1835:
1118:a lot of people here tonight."
1:
2543:Learn Mandarin Chinese Online
1128:: "Hey dude I saw a bird fly
2723:Diplomatic Language Services
2209:Use as ambiguous information
1684:(breathing exercise, qigong)
1215:Other than the common words
711:(φωνή), "voice, utterance".
513:Functional discourse grammar
379:Ethnography of communication
2087:"education") was simply 教 (
1839:': 'to put on makeup' vs. '
1328:– poetic / archaic "before"
1162:designation for a class of
1040:Real eyes realize real lies
755:. Another vivid example is
633:Second-language acquisition
3310:
2171:
2107:
2093:
2056:
1588:(organization / mechanism)
936:are often used in various
311:Syntax–semantics interface
27:
21:Homophony (disambiguation)
18:
3247:
2912:Stewart, Garrett (2015).
2860:Franklyn, Julian (1966).
2792:10.1080/14640748208400851
2568:Barker (22 August 2016).
2343:Never Mind the Full Stops
2096:Classical Chinese lexicon
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1769:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1628:(outstanding achievement)
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1574:
1547:
1541:
907:accents, such as British
833:southern American accents
700:"Homophone" derives from
623:Philosophy of linguistics
523:Interactional linguistics
3239:Specialized lexicography
2417:Florida State University
2091:) in Classical Chinese.
1533:Sino-Japanese vocabulary
857:in most American accents
3229:Linguistic prescription
1700:(armor, e.g. of a tank)
3137:Hypernymy and hyponymy
2199:lexical decision tasks
2188:Pseudo-homophones are
2179:Psychological research
1861:': 'inheritance' vs. '
1562:An extreme example is
1523:means 'capital city'.
1476:Most are couples like
1104:a bag o' tater chips."
909:Received Pronunciation
808:, various sounds have
460:Theoretical frameworks
414:Philosophy of language
394:History of linguistics
115:the same, for example
47:
3204:Controlled vocabulary
3142:Meronymy and holonymy
2879:Room, Adrian (1996).
2059:Old Chinese phonology
1951:one-syllable articles
1676:(returning to school)
1620:(school (respectful))
928:Same-sounding phrases
895:are distinguished in
354:Conversation analysis
38:
3279:Narrative techniques
2725:. 8 September 2016.
2604:news.ycombinator.com
2174:Vietnamese phonology
1450:(weighing scales) –
1351:Brazilian Portuguese
1342:– a defunct, small,
1227:this octet includes
1170:In various languages
786:At forty-odd befell:
707:(ὁμο‑), "same", and
598:Internet linguistics
508:Construction grammar
196:, as in "He is well
107:) is a word that is
3219:Lexicographic error
2983:14 May 2021 at the
2629:Chang, Chao-Huang.
2574:New York University
1756:(returning to port)
1716:(remarkable effect)
1003:(most notably as a
533:Systemic functional
328:Applied linguistics
270:General linguistics
3284:Semantic relations
3255:Linguistics portal
2970:6 May 2021 at the
2835:10.1007/BF02357754
2423:on 25 August 2016.
2401:, p. 91, 237.
2241:The Sound of Music
2007:Chinese characters
1969:(妈) means "mother"
1928:Chinese characters
1724:(season / climate)
1668:(stopping at port)
1612:(horseback riding)
1551:, both pronounced
1435:(handle, stalk) –
1419:(ear of corn) and
1322:– to make an error
1310:– one who inherits
1081:American comedian
1038:(as in the phrase
951:(as in the phrase
715:Wordplay and games
638:Theory of language
608:Origin of language
563:Autonomy of syntax
518:Grammaticalization
364:Discourse analysis
359:Corpus linguistics
48:
3261:
3260:
3152:Lexical semantics
2978:Homophone Machine
2959:Reed's homophones
2786:(Pt 3): 395–409.
2667:chinesevoyage.org
2580:on 22 August 2016
2466:Fausto Cercignani
2184:Pseudo-homophones
2073:Standard Mandarin
2069:Classical Chinese
1987:(骂) means "scold"
1981:(马) means "horse"
1740:(setting to work)
1708:(homeward voyage)
899:accents, such as
725:crossword puzzles
693:
692:
481:Distributionalism
424:Psycholinguistics
3301:
3253:
3157:Semantic network
3021:
3014:
3007:
2998:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2875:
2847:
2846:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2753:pronunciator.com
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2576:. Archived from
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2419:. Archived from
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2372:. Archived from
2362:
2346:
2323:
2317:
2306:
2203:word recognition
2154:(delivery), and
2142:(delivery), and
1975:(麻) means "hemp"
1937:Mandarin Chinese
1925:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1894:
1893:
1881:
1880:
1871:': 'miscarriage'
1870:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1468:(way, manner) –
1403:the long vowels
1256:– the plural of
1246:– the plural of
1146:you a question."
1098:and then she ate
901:Scottish English
747:can be heard as
685:
678:
671:
657:
603:LGBT linguistics
593:Internationalism
568:Compositionality
429:Sociolinguistics
404:Neurolinguistics
399:Interlinguistics
384:Ethnomethodology
226:
192:, e.g. the word
180:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3243:
3192:
3171:
3117:
3061:
3030:
3025:
2985:Wayback Machine
2972:Wayback Machine
2949:
2944:
2935:
2933:
2926:
2925:978-150170170-2
2911:
2902:
2900:
2893:
2892:978-081083169-8
2878:
2872:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2693:yoyochinese.com
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2606:. Hacker News.
2598:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2572:. Linguistics.
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2477:on 29 May 2020.
2469:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2331:Gyles Brandreth
2324:
2320:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2227:
2211:
2201:to investigate
2186:
2181:
2176:
2131:
2112:
2098:
2061:
2041:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
1939:
1882:': 'fart' vs. '
1845:': 'to cremate'
1818:
1810:
1759:
1529:
1490:
1400:
1353:
1177:
1172:
930:
793:the sexton, and
741:Under Milk Wood
717:
698:
689:
648:
647:
558:
550:
549:
461:
453:
452:
448:Writing systems
339:Anthropological
329:
321:
320:
271:
263:
148:
144:
86:
59:
55:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3307:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3289:Types of words
3286:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2988:
2975:
2962:
2956:
2948:
2947:External links
2945:
2943:
2942:
2924:
2909:
2891:
2876:
2870:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2829:(5): 461–477.
2813:
2770:
2740:
2710:
2680:
2654:
2621:
2591:
2560:
2530:
2505:
2480:
2457:
2426:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2335:The Joy of Lex
2318:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2259:
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2249:
2226:
2223:
2210:
2207:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2130:
2127:
2065:Middle Chinese
2050:romanization.
1995:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1938:
1935:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1872:
1846:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1799:(god / spirit)
1792:
1784:
1775:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1652:(eccentricity)
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1580:
1528:
1525:
1489:
1486:
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1459:
1399:
1396:
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1370:
1367:
1352:
1349:
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1347:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1288:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1251:
1241:
1235:
1213:
1212:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1148:
1147:
1133:
1126:in your window
1119:
1105:
1083:Jeff Foxworthy
1079:
1078:
1065:
1056:
1043:
1025:
1016:
994:
979:
970:
956:
929:
926:
912:
911:
877:
858:
844:
835:
802:
801:
794:
789:They went and
787:
784:
739:'s radio play
716:
713:
697:
694:
691:
690:
688:
687:
680:
673:
665:
662:
661:
650:
649:
646:
645:
640:
635:
630:
628:Prescriptivism
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615:
610:
605:
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272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
262:
261:
256:
251:
245:
242:
241:
235:
234:
30:Garshunography
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3306:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Function word
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
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3070:
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3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:Homophones.ml
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2953:Homophone.com
2951:
2950:
2946:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2877:
2873:
2871:0-88029-164-8
2867:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2771:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2669:. 5 July 2024
2668:
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2506:
2494:
2490:
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2476:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2445:
2442:(in German).
2441:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2411:Burkardt, J.
2407:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2389:, p. 75.
2388:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:Perfect rhyme
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:), which are
1913:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1813:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1765:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1662:
1660:(contrivance)
1654:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1508:(coarse) and
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1480:(to teach) –
1479:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:– a river in
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1264:
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1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:Man, there is
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1044:
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1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
993:
989:
985:
984:
980:
978:
974:
971:
969:
968:
962:
961:
957:
954:
950:
946:
943:
942:
941:
939:
935:
927:
925:
923:
919:
915:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:
852:
848:
845:
843:
839:
836:
834:
830:
826:
823:
822:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
782:
778:
777:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:and creative
730:
726:
722:
714:
712:
710:
706:
703:
695:
686:
681:
679:
674:
672:
667:
666:
664:
663:
660:
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652:
651:
644:
641:
639:
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631:
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621:
619:
616:
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611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
578:Descriptivism
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
554:
553:
546:
545:Structuralism
543:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
528:Prague circle
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
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501:
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374:Documentation
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357:
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349:Computational
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340:
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331:
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317:
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210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:(flower) and
118:
114:
110:
104:
53:
45:
41:
37:
31:
26:
22:
3042:Lexical item
2934:. Retrieved
2914:
2901:. Retrieved
2881:
2862:Which Witch?
2861:
2826:
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2779:
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2761:. Retrieved
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2722:
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2692:
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2666:
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2603:
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2578:the original
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2542:
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2521:. Retrieved
2517:
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2496:. Retrieved
2492:
2483:
2475:the original
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2439:
2429:
2421:the original
2406:
2399:Stewart 2015
2394:
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2374:the original
2369:
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2333:in his book
2326:
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2194:phonetically
2187:
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2165:(sharp) and
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2048:Hanyu Pinyin
2044:romanization
2029:
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2011:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1984:
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1966:
1961:
1954:
1948:
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1909:
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1596:(travelogue)
1564:
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1537:words' tones
1530:
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1484:(to empty).
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1075:
1072:some mothers
1071:
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1058:
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1047:philanderers
1045:
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1035:
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1027:
1023:fork handles
1019:Four Candles
1013:Jimi Hendrix
1000:
996:
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918:Malapropisms
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814:minimal pair
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737:Dylan Thomas
718:
708:
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491:Glossematics
471:Constituency
443:interpreting
281:Lexicography
220:
216:
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209:heterographs
208:
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40:Venn diagram
25:
3035:Major terms
2936:23 December
2903:23 December
2733:30 December
2703:18 December
2647:18 December
2614:18 December
2584:17 December
2570:"Syllables"
2553:18 December
2413:"Multinyms"
2190:pseudowords
2122:may arise.
1464:(orphan) –
1427:(guests) –
1344:metric unit
1156:linguistics
1087:Appalachian
1068:some others
1009:Purple Haze
887:as well as
868:as well as
796:The sexton
767:as well as
757:Thomas Hood
643:Terminology
618:Orthography
538:Usage-based
439:Translating
334:Acquisition
239:Linguistics
141:homophonous
135:. The term
3268:Categories
3234:Morphology
3028:Lexicology
2763:5 February
2433:See, e.g.
2353:References
2341:programme
2279:Wiktionary
2172:See also:
2129:Vietnamese
2108:See also:
2094:See also:
2057:See also:
2037:diacritics
1895:': 'guard'
1521:la capital
1517:el capital
1116:Mayonnaise
1108:Mayonnaise
1063:egg sample
1005:mondegreen
988:gem in eye
960:euthanasia
938:word games
905:non-rhotic
879:The pairs
860:The pairs
759:'s use of
733:literature
613:Orismology
498:Functional
486:Generative
476:Dependency
296:Pragmatics
286:Morphology
276:Diachronic
186:homographs
109:pronounced
44:homophones
3274:Ambiguity
3176:Functions
3167:Troponymy
3125:relations
2523:27 August
2518:ThoughtCo
2498:27 August
2493:ThoughtCo
2440:yumpu.com
2387:Room 1996
2366:"Homonym"
2325:The name
2296:Footnotes
2252:Homograph
2236:show tune
2192:that are
2150:(knife),
2138:(knife),
2016:(山西) and
1822:loanwords
1748:(climate)
1458:(to dare)
1454:(cart) –
1297:Yorkshire
1164:toponymic
1160:onomastic
1144:Moustache
1136:Moustache
1036:real lies
1028:real eyes
992:Jem and I
965:Youth in
945:ice cream
800:the bell.
696:Etymology
588:Iconicity
583:Etymology
503:Cognitive
466:Formalist
419:Phonetics
409:Philology
301:Semantics
291:Phonology
137:homophone
52:homophone
3294:Homonymy
3188:Headword
3132:Antonymy
3123:Semantic
3098:Morpheme
3083:Grapheme
3066:Elements
2981:Archived
2968:Archived
2930:Archived
2897:Archived
2843:36150769
2808:41699283
2757:Archived
2727:Archived
2697:Archived
2695:(blog).
2638:Archived
2608:Archived
2547:Archived
2450:15 March
2444:Archived
2232:Do-Re-Mi
2225:See also
2075:word 狮子(
1943:Mandarin
1842:화장(火葬)하다
1836:화장(化粧)하다
1570:hiragana
1527:Japanese
1286:Scotland
1140:must ask
1130:innuendo
1122:Innuendo
1102:initiate
1094:Initiate
1076:smothers
1053:Flanders
1001:this guy
977:deep end
949:I scream
874:foreword
831:in many
804:In some
749:mourning
745:mourning
389:Forensic
369:Distance
316:Typology
231:a series
229:Part of
190:homonyms
3162:Synonym
3103:Phoneme
3073:Chereme
3047:Lexicon
2853:Sources
2800:6890218
2262:Synonym
2257:Homonym
2246:solfège
2219:anxiety
2085:jiàoyù,
2018:Shaanxi
1783:(paper)
1732:(stoma)
1644:(draft)
1488:Spanish
1346:of area
1175:English
1059:example
1032:realize
997:the sky
934:phrases
922:Eggcorn
870:forward
818:English
806:accents
753:morning
344:Applied
254:History
249:Outline
211:, e.g.
113:spelled
3197:Fields
3113:Sememe
3093:Lexeme
3078:Glyphs
2922:
2889:
2868:
2841:
2806:
2798:
2673:4 July
2327:oronym
2267:Dajare
2116:melody
2026:Shǎnxī
2022:Shānxī
2014:Shanxi
1920:;
1910:Using
1816:Korean
1791:(hair)
1604:(rare)
1482:leeren
1478:lehren
1472:(wise)
1448:Waagen
1398:German
1223:, and
1158:as an
1152:oronym
983:Gemini
973:depend
897:rhotic
893:caught
885:torque
853:, and
810:merged
798:toll'd
773:toll'd
729:poetry
659:Portal
557:Topics
306:Syntax
219:, and
131:, and
3147:Idiom
3088:Lemma
3052:Lexis
2839:S2CID
2804:S2CID
2641:(PDF)
2634:(PDF)
2248:scale
2238:from
2234:", a
2077:shīzi
1912:hanja
1826:tones
1557:kanji
1553:nihon
1510:vasta
1506:basta
1494:basta
1470:weise
1466:Weise
1462:Waise
1456:wagen
1452:Wagen
1433:Stiel
1429:Geste
1425:Gäste
1413:Duden
1266:reais
1217:raise
1209:reais
1185:raise
1142:: "I
1011:" by
889:court
851:marry
847:merry
820:are:
781:berth
765:berth
761:birth
709:phōnḗ
705:homo-
702:Greek
259:Index
129:reign
3108:Seme
3057:Word
2938:2020
2920:ISBN
2905:2020
2887:ISBN
2866:ISBN
2796:PMID
2765:2021
2735:2020
2705:2020
2675:2024
2649:2020
2616:2020
2586:2020
2555:2020
2525:2022
2500:2022
2464:See
2452:2020
2215:e.g.
2152:giao
2140:giao
2120:puns
2089:jiào
2034:tone
1807:(up)
1764:kami
1565:kikō
1545:vs.
1500:and
1437:Stil
1421:Ehre
1417:Ähre
1407:and
1332:e'er
1308:heir
1302:Eyre
1292:Aire
1244:rehs
1238:rase
1232:raze
1225:race
1221:rays
1201:rehs
1197:raze
1193:rase
1189:rays
1138:vs.
1124:vs.
1110:vs.
1096:vs.
1074:vs.
1070:vs.
1061:vs.
1050:vs.
1034:vs.
1030:vs.
1021:vs.
1007:in "
999:vs.
990:vs.
986:vs.
975:vs.
967:Asia
963:vs.
947:vs.
891:and
883:and
881:talk
872:and
864:and
855:Mary
840:and
827:and
791:told
771:and
769:told
763:and
721:puns
441:and
434:Text
202:read
198:read
194:read
188:and
133:rein
125:rain
121:rose
117:rose
2831:doi
2788:doi
2784:34A
2339:BBC
2310:and
2167:xắc
2163:sắc
2156:vao
2148:dao
2144:rao
2136:dao
2081:shī
1864:유산(
1575:きこう
1339:are
1326:ere
1320:err
1314:air
1281:Ayr
1254:res
1248:reh
1205:res
1114:: "
866:due
842:buy
829:pen
825:pin
751:or
221:two
217:too
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1991:ma
1985:mà
1979:mă
1973:má
1967:mā
1923:漢字
1917:한자
1890:防具
1886:방구
1878:방구
1866:流産
1856:遺産
1852:유산
1770:かみ
1753:帰港
1745:気候
1737:起工
1729:気孔
1721:季候
1713:奇効
1705:帰航
1697:機甲
1689:寄稿
1681:気功
1673:帰校
1665:寄港
1657:機巧
1649:奇行
1641:起稿
1633:貴公
1625:奇功
1617:貴校
1609:騎行
1601:稀覯
1593:紀行
1585:機構
1572::
1548:二本
1542:日本
1259:re
1219:,
1211:,
1207:,
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