184:
25:
358:
with a single vertical stabilizer, equipped with three high-expansion engines. Presuming a seating arrangement of two crew members siting side-by-side in the cockpit, dimensions could be very roughly estimated as a wingspan of 8 m, a length of 12 m and a total mass of 12 tonnes. This is within the
252:
Early planning of
Project 921 included six different proposals for a crewed space transportation system. Five of these proposals were of a space-Earth transportation system using a delta winged orbiter. By 1990, the proposal for the
429:. These images, possibly taken in late 2005, show the vehicle's black reentry heat shielding, indicating a reusable design, and its engine assembly. First sub-orbital flight of the Shenlong reportedly took place on 8 January 2011.
2432:
249:, the Project 921-2 temporary space station by 2010, and the 921-3 permanent space station by 2020. Care must be taken not to confuse the three phases of Project 921 with its seven sub-systems (921-1, 921-2 ... 921-7).
424:
bomber, were first published in the
Chinese media on 11 December 2007. Code named Project 863-706, the Chinese name of this spacecraft was revealed as “神龙”空天飞机 or "Shenlong Space Plane", meaning Divine Dragon in
244:
The
Chinese National Manned Space Program was given the designation of Project 921 in 1992. This broad project was divided into three phases: 921-1 to launch a crewed mission by 2002 in a craft that became the
778:
458:
592:
2552:
1996:
376:
3621:
2562:
1305:
830:
486:
633:
205:
1971:
1855:
540:
489:. The spaceplane is composed of two planes, with the larger aircraft acting as a carrier aircraft. A small scale model was shown at the Zhuhai Airshow 2018.
3099:
2006:
770:
399:
307:
300:
673:
2933:
1715:
3631:
518:
276:. Concepts for a space shuttle now are only studies. There is no known Chinese government support beyond very basic research for a spaceplane.
3641:
3032:
1298:
743:
823:
3181:
1991:
2949:
383:
329:
2448:
443:
3165:
2193:
605:
231:
69:
3636:
1964:
1291:
3284:
2424:
2044:
2039:
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2029:
816:
2464:
2440:
2205:
209:
566:
647:
3479:
2965:
2416:
433:
390:
Launch Assist
Technology for Space Flight Vehicle (航天运载器高温超导磁悬浮助推发射技术), with an initial take off speed of 1000 km/h.
3244:
311:
3449:
1957:
450:
440:
332:. Reusable launch stage weighs 198 tons using dual rocket and ramjet engine for Mach 5+ launch speed. 132-ton orbiter.
295:
starts its 869 Project regarding spaceplane concepts. Up to 1990, the several space-shuttle proposals studied were:
3616:
2699:
2580:
2187:
1438:
1219:
1117:
960:
336:
544:
3025:
2910:
2165:
2001:
1849:
1603:
1432:
928:
744:"International Assessment and Strategy Center > Research > PLA and U.S. Arms Racing in the Western Pacific"
695:
322:
3581:
3474:
3350:
1661:
194:
3422:
911:
3519:
2870:
2508:
1937:
1641:
1631:
1621:
803:
213:
198:
3571:
2854:
2785:
1844:
1598:
1561:
1556:
1314:
279:
Photographs of a two-seat spaceplane simulator were published after 1980, probably belonging to a
Chinese
3459:
3454:
3418:
3076:
2483:
2181:
1980:
1804:
1771:
1726:
1405:
469:
According to 'informal sources', another hypersonic vehicle has been tested, which is equivalent to the
415:
349:
273:
258:
3626:
3576:
3499:
3444:
3144:
3018:
2342:
1908:
454:
446:(LHD) were published in the Chinese media. Test with speed up to Mach 20 where reached around 2001.
3394:
3223:
3186:
3139:
3119:
3114:
2984:
1839:
1776:
1651:
1613:
1486:
1426:
1318:
856:
510:
246:
747:
3514:
3484:
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3109:
2941:
2794:
2548:
1816:
1480:
627:
387:
303:. Totally dependent on the parent rocket booster to reach orbit. 25-ton orbiter, 2-ton payload.
3586:
3524:
3404:
3340:
3104:
1897:
1810:
1636:
611:
601:
426:
315:
35:
3555:
3335:
3055:
2199:
1793:
1583:
1496:
894:
889:
269:
254:
3310:
2810:
2325:
2049:
1822:
1747:
1742:
1721:
1513:
1491:
1421:
1382:
1164:
283:-like vehicle. Reports of the existence of a wind tunnel model have continued since then.
2277:
1283:
721:
420:
Images of an aerodynamic scaled model, ready to be launched from under the fuselage of a
3529:
3489:
3320:
3315:
2802:
2524:
2456:
2060:
1914:
1540:
1535:
842:
372:
3610:
3591:
3464:
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3414:
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2155:
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2144:
2113:
2108:
2103:
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1902:
1646:
1388:
1376:
1254:
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1234:
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1127:
1050:
1045:
1025:
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1010:
1000:
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990:
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975:
970:
965:
651:
457:(莊逢甘) said that a first test flight of the spaceplane would be conducted during the "
3550:
3545:
3409:
2285:
2138:
2133:
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2123:
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2098:
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1626:
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1122:
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1030:
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1005:
403:
292:
45:
2372:
2362:
2333:
2317:
2293:
2269:
2252:
2244:
674:"Shenlong 'Divine Dragon' Takes Flight: Is China developing its first spaceplane?"
3494:
3378:
3191:
3149:
3129:
2894:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
1892:
1887:
1753:
1710:
1671:
1530:
1411:
1359:
1214:
1110:
1105:
1095:
948:
943:
906:
600:. Peter Wood, BluePath Labs, China Aerospace Studies Institute. Montgomery, AL.
436:
183:
163:
41:
3330:
3196:
3041:
2957:
2886:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2716:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
1507:
1209:
1181:
1149:
1090:
1062:
955:
938:
615:
482:
355:
265:
167:
3509:
3504:
3469:
3134:
2392:
2382:
2352:
2309:
2260:
2020:
1881:
1588:
1457:
1261:
1191:
1186:
1067:
921:
916:
901:
470:
619:
771:"Don't Buy China's Hypersonic Head-Fake. Its Spaceplanes Are Racing Ahead"
2862:
2160:
1593:
1501:
1469:
1416:
1347:
1266:
1174:
1169:
1159:
1154:
1144:
1100:
1072:
933:
861:
808:
804:
http://www.strategycenter.net/docLib/20111024_ChinasSpacePlaneProgram.pdf
421:
280:
1949:
318:
to a 200–500 km orbit. 5-ton payload and maximum of 5 crew members.
3355:
3345:
2902:
2473:
1451:
884:
3325:
3279:
3274:
3266:
3239:
2878:
2837:
2540:
2532:
2516:
2301:
1876:
1608:
1572:
1566:
1475:
1139:
699:
3305:
3300:
3124:
1463:
1057:
839:
360:
38:, speculative material, or accounts of events that might not occur
3270:
2500:
3014:
2223:
1953:
1692:
1329:
1287:
812:
3010:
177:
18:
268:
were made public, but the concept was rejected in favor of a
306:
Chang Cheng-1 (Great Wall-1) space shuttle, proposed by the
375:, pictures of a totally new space vehicle developed by the
51:
354:
The latest models shown in 2000 reveal a delta winged
402:. A 140-ton, 32-metre-length orbiter launched atop a
382:
This new
Chinese space shuttle was based on the HTS (
3564:
3538:
3432:
3387:
3371:
3364:
3293:
3259:
3232:
3216:
3209:
3174:
3158:
3092:
3085:
3064:
3048:
2977:
2922:
2847:
2830:
2784:
2709:
2626:
2590:
2579:
2493:
2405:
2237:
2230:
2174:
2059:
2019:
1864:
1832:
1786:
1735:
1703:
1549:
1523:
1398:
1369:
1340:
1202:
1083:
877:
870:
849:
1997:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
746:. Strategycenter.net. 29 June 2011. Archived from
698:. 中国科学院高温气体动力学重点实验室. 17 March 2005. Archived from
377:Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
487:China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation
444:Key Laboratory of high-temperature gas dynamics
166:. The term 921-3 is often used for the Chinese
3026:
1965:
1299:
824:
8:
650:. SOHU.com. 11 January 2008. Archived from
504:
502:
212:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
100:Reusable launch vehicle spaceplane project
3368:
3213:
3089:
3033:
3019:
3011:
2587:
2234:
2220:
2016:
1992:China National Space Administration (CNSA)
1972:
1958:
1950:
1700:
1689:
1337:
1326:
1306:
1292:
1284:
874:
831:
817:
809:
632:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
543:. 虚幻军事天空. 11 November 2006. Archived from
400:China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
314:. 94-ton orbiter launched atop 3 parallel
308:Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology
301:China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
83:
54:by removing unsourced speculative content.
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
3622:Partially reusable space launch vehicles
2934:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
2007:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
1716:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
498:
625:
521:from the original on 12 September 2011
299:Tianjiao-1 space shuttle, proposed by
781:from the original on 13 December 2021
162:is a crewed spacecraft sub-system of
7:
3105:Bristol Ascender, Spacebus, Spacecab
3001:. Failed missions marked with † sign
586:
584:
434:High-enthalpy Shock Waves Laboratory
210:adding citations to reliable sources
367:HTS Maglev Launch Assist Technology
2838:BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
769:Shats, Daniel (13 December 2021).
359:payload capability of the Chinese
330:Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute
321:V-2 rocket plane, proposed by the
14:
406:rocket with a payload of 7 tons.
312:640 Institute of the Air Ministry
1871:
1666:
1656:
1578:
335:Mini space shuttle, proposed by
182:
23:
384:High Temperature Superconductor
363:(A) or Type A launch vehicles.
3632:Space launch vehicles of China
461:", meaning from 2006 to 2010.
1:
2710:Space laboratories and cargos
511:"China's Space Plane Program"
337:611 Aircraft Design Institute
3642:Tailless delta-wing aircraft
3245:Hypersonic Flight Experiment
2208:(interplanetary exploration)
676:. China Signpost. 4 May 2012
485:project unveiled in 2016 by
328:H-2 spaceplane, proposed by
34:possibly contains unsourced
16:Manned Spacecraft sub-system
3450:Martin Marietta Spacemaster
1850:Ya Guidao Gainian Feixingqi
594:Chinese spaceplane programs
379:(北京航空航天大学) were published.
3658:
2997:Future missions marked in
2700:List of Chinese astronauts
413:
347:
323:11th Aeronautics Institute
46:reliable published sources
2993:
2219:
2015:
2002:China Manned Space Agency
1987:
1932:
1699:
1688:
1336:
1325:
724:. 香港文匯報. 11 December 2007
113:
89:
3582:X-41 Common Aero Vehicle
569:. 维普资讯网. 31 January 2005
509:Fisher, Richard (2011).
264:Some small models for a
3637:Rocket-powered aircraft
3592:Military flying saucers
1642:Reusable Booster System
1632:Liquid Fly-back Booster
1315:Reusable launch systems
871:Orbital launch vehicles
459:Eleventh Five-Year Plan
432:Earlier, images of the
394:Reusable launch vehicle
3505:NASA X-38 (Spacewedge)
3379:Boeing X-37 (tech dem)
2786:Tiangong space station
1845:Goodyear Meteor Junior
1379:(orbiter and boosters)
648:"中国"神龙"飞行器首度曝光 身世扑朔迷离"
591:Shats, Daniel (2021).
515:www.strategycenter.net
481:Tengyun is a reusable
344:Shenlong Test Platform
40:. Information must be
3460:Orbital Sciences X-34
2484:Space Solar Telescope
2225:Projects and missions
1981:Chinese space program
1772:Space Shuttle orbiter
416:Shenlong (spacecraft)
350:Shenlong (spacecraft)
272:capsule which became
3465:Rockwell X-30 (NASP)
3445:DARPA Falcon Project
2591:Uncrewed expeditions
2175:Exploration programs
567:"航天发射用磁悬浮助推发射系统概念研究"
541:"航天运载器高温超导磁悬浮助推发射技术"
398:Concept proposed by
206:improve this section
3423:Shuttle–Mir Program
3395:North American X-15
3356:Zvezda (Tu-136/139)
3294:Soviet Union/Russia
2985:Lanyue Lunar Lander
2196:(lunar exploration)
2190:(human spaceflight)
1743:Buran-class orbiter
1584:Energia II (Uragan)
654:on 14 December 2012
622:on 6 December 2021.
410:Shenlong Spaceplane
86:
3346:RAKS (Tu-444/2000)
2848:Telecommunications
2627:Crewed expeditions
1481:Rocket Lab Neutron
750:on 31 January 2014
702:on 7 December 2005
465:Hypersonic Vehicle
84:
3617:Crewed spacecraft
3604:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3577:TR-3A Black Manta
3405:Martin X-23 PRIME
3255:
3254:
3205:
3204:
3008:
3007:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2575:
2574:
2494:Earth observation
2238:Planetary science
2215:
2214:
2023:and landing sites
1947:
1946:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1811:Orel (spacecraft)
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1492:Starship (SpaceX)
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
242:
241:
234:
157:
156:
80:
79:
72:
3649:
3369:
3214:
3090:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3012:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2588:
2568:
2558:
2545:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2479:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2348:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2257:
2249:
2235:
2221:
2147:(In development)
2141:(In development)
2017:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1951:
1794:Boeing Starliner
1701:
1690:
1497:Stoke Space Nova
1446:8R (first stage)
1443:6X (first stage)
1338:
1327:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1285:
875:
850:Sounding rockets
833:
826:
819:
810:
791:
790:
788:
786:
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
692:
686:
685:
683:
681:
670:
664:
663:
661:
659:
644:
638:
637:
631:
623:
618:. Archived from
599:
588:
579:
578:
576:
574:
563:
557:
556:
554:
552:
537:
531:
530:
528:
526:
506:
449:As of 2007, the
371:During the 2006
237:
230:
226:
223:
217:
186:
178:
87:
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
27:
26:
19:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3596:
3587:Aurora aircraft
3560:
3534:
3428:
3383:
3360:
3289:
3251:
3228:
3201:
3170:
3154:
3081:
3060:
3044:
3039:
3009:
3004:
2989:
2973:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2863:Chinasat Series
2857:
2843:
2818:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2780:
2775:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2705:
2622:
2582:
2571:
2566:
2556:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2489:
2477:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2410:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2255:
2247:
2226:
2211:
2202:(space station)
2170:
2061:Launch vehicles
2055:
2050:Siziwang Banner
2011:
1983:
1978:
1948:
1943:
1920:
1860:
1828:
1782:
1731:
1695:
1676:
1545:
1519:
1394:
1365:
1332:
1321:
1312:
1282:
1273:
1198:
1079:
866:
845:
837:
800:
795:
794:
784:
782:
768:
767:
763:
753:
751:
742:
741:
737:
727:
725:
720:
719:
715:
705:
703:
694:
693:
689:
679:
677:
672:
671:
667:
657:
655:
646:
645:
641:
624:
608:
597:
590:
589:
582:
572:
570:
565:
564:
560:
550:
548:
547:on 3 March 2016
539:
538:
534:
524:
522:
508:
507:
500:
495:
479:
467:
418:
412:
396:
369:
352:
346:
291:After 1986 the
289:
238:
227:
221:
218:
203:
187:
176:
76:
65:
59:
56:
49:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3655:
3653:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3609:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3565:Black projects
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3539:In development
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3530:SpaceShipThree
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3490:Rocketplane XP
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3455:X-20 Dyna-Soar
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:MAKS (Molniya)
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3321:Keldysh bomber
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3236:
3234:
3233:In development
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3175:In development
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3015:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2969:(2016–present)
2963:
2961:(1971–present)
2958:Shijian Series
2955:
2953:(2016–present)
2947:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2914:(2024–present)
2908:
2906:(2024–present)
2900:
2898:(2019–present)
2892:
2890:(2008–present)
2884:
2882:(2024–present)
2879:Tiandu 1 and 2
2876:
2874:(2018–present)
2868:
2866:(1994–present)
2860:
2858:(1994–present)
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2814:(2022–present)
2808:
2806:(2022–present)
2800:
2798:(2021–present)
2791:
2789:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2557:(1999–present)
2546:
2544:(2006–present)
2538:
2536:(2016–present)
2530:
2528:(2002–present)
2525:Haiyang Series
2522:
2520:(2013–present)
2514:
2506:
2504:(2018–present)
2497:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2470:
2462:
2457:Einstein Probe
2454:
2452:(2022–present)
2446:
2444:(2021–present)
2438:
2436:(2020–present)
2430:
2428:(2017–present)
2422:
2420:(2015–present)
2413:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2331:
2329:(2021–present)
2323:
2321:(2020–present)
2315:
2313:(2020–present)
2307:
2305:(2018–present)
2299:
2297:(2018–present)
2291:
2283:
2281:(2014–present)
2275:
2273:(2013–present)
2267:
2258:
2256:(2010–present)
2250:
2241:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2052:(landing site)
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1915:SpaceShipThree
1912:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1787:In development
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1697:
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1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
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1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1541:Saturn-Shuttle
1538:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1399:In development
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1331:Launch systems
1330:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1084:In development
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
958:
953:
952:
951:
946:
941:
931:
926:
925:
924:
919:
909:
904:
899:
898:
897:
892:
881:
879:
872:
868:
867:
865:
864:
859:
853:
851:
847:
846:
843:launch systems
838:
836:
835:
828:
821:
813:
807:
806:
799:
798:External links
796:
793:
792:
761:
735:
722:"國產空天飛機 3年內試飛"
713:
696:"氢氧爆轰驱动激波高焓风洞"
687:
665:
639:
606:
580:
558:
532:
497:
496:
494:
491:
478:
475:
466:
463:
455:Zhuang Fenggan
414:Main article:
411:
408:
395:
392:
373:Zhuhai Airshow
368:
365:
348:Main article:
345:
342:
341:
340:
333:
326:
319:
304:
288:
285:
257:-like capsule
240:
239:
190:
188:
181:
175:
172:
155:
154:
151:
145:
144:
141:
135:
134:
132:
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
111:
110:
108:
102:
101:
98:
92:
91:
78:
77:
60:September 2010
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3654:
3643:
3640:
3638:
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3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
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3593:
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3486:
3483:
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3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3440:Chrysler SERV
3438:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3415:Space Shuttle
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:United States
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Project 921-3
3070:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2967:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2926:demonstrators
2921:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2855:Apstar Series
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2774:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2549:Ziyuan Series
2547:
2542:
2541:Yaogan Series
2539:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2518:
2517:Gaofen Series
2515:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2407:Astronomy and
2404:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2326:Zhurong rover
2324:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2218:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Long March 12
2154:
2152:
2151:Long March 11
2149:
2146:
2145:Long March 10
2143:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2114:Long March 4C
2112:
2110:
2109:Long March 4B
2107:
2105:
2104:Long March 4A
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:Long March 3C
2092:
2090:
2089:Long March 3B
2087:
2085:
2084:Long March 3A
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1963:
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1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Chang Cheng-1
1577:
1574:
1571:
1569:(first stage)
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
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1529:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1510:(first stage)
1509:
1506:
1504:(first stage)
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:(first stage)
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:(first stage)
1471:
1468:
1466:(first stage)
1465:
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1460:(first stage)
1459:
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1454:(first stage)
1453:
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1435:(first stage)
1434:
1431:
1429:(first stage)
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:(first stage)
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1377:Space Shuttle
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1356:(core stages)
1355:
1352:
1350:(first stage)
1349:
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1120:
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1022:
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964:
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869:
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772:
765:
762:
749:
745:
739:
736:
723:
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714:
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697:
691:
688:
675:
669:
666:
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160:Project 921-3
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32:This article
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20:
3551:SpaceShipTwo
3546:Dream Chaser
3410:SpaceShipOne
2998:
2561:
2482:
2472:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2341:
2302:Yutu-2 rover
2278:Chang'e 5-T1
2139:Long March 9
2134:Long March 8
2129:Long March 7
2124:Long March 6
2119:Long March 5
2099:Long March 4
2079:Long March 3
2074:Long March 2
2069:Long March 1
1936:* indicates
1800:Dream Chaser
1766:SpaceShipTwo
1760:SpaceShipOne
1615:
1354:Falcon Heavy
783:. Retrieved
774:
764:
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
738:
726:. Retrieved
716:
704:. Retrieved
700:the original
690:
678:. Retrieved
668:
656:. Retrieved
652:the original
642:
620:the original
593:
571:. Retrieved
561:
549:. Retrieved
545:the original
535:
523:. Retrieved
514:
480:
468:
453:academician
448:
431:
419:
404:Long March 5
397:
381:
370:
353:
293:Air Ministry
290:
278:
263:
251:
243:
228:
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204:Please help
192:
159:
158:
148:
138:
129:
119:
105:
95:
90:Description
81:
66:
57:
50:Please help
33:
3627:Spaceplanes
3500:Black Horse
3495:VentureStar
3475:Silver Dart
3192:Space Rider
3150:Silbervogel
3042:Spaceplanes
2945:(1969–2006)
2942:FSW Program
2895:Tianlian II
2728:(2016–2019)
2720:(2011–2018)
2694:Shenzhou 18
2689:Shenzhou 17
2684:Shenzhou 16
2679:Shenzhou 15
2674:Shenzhou 14
2669:Shenzhou 13
2664:Shenzhou 12
2659:Shenzhou 11
2654:Shenzhou 10
2583:spaceflight
2509:Double Star
2289:(2013–2016)
2184:(cancelled)
1893:Silver Dart
1825:upper stage
1754:Gemini SC-2
1711:Boeing X-37
1672:VentureStar
1604:Hyperbola-2
1531:Kankoh-maru
1464:Orbex Prime
1433:Hyperbola-3
1412:Ariane Next
1391:* (booster)
1385:* (booster)
1360:New Shepard
1215:Kaituozhe-1
1096:Hyperbola-2
929:Kaituozhe 2
907:Hyperbola-1
785:27 December
775:Defense One
754:16 November
525:27 December
437:wind tunnel
287:869 Project
164:Project 921
114:Dimensions
85:Spaceplane
36:predictions
3611:Categories
3556:Radian One
3525:DARPA XS-1
3520:Prometheus
3388:Historical
3197:SpaceLiner
3159:Historical
2924:Technology
2887:Tianlian I
2831:Navigation
2773:Tianzhou 6
2765:Tianzhou 5
2757:Tianzhou 4
2749:Tianzhou 3
2741:Tianzhou 2
2733:Tianzhou 1
2725:Tiangong 2
2717:Tiangong 1
2649:Shenzhou 9
2644:Shenzhou 7
2639:Shenzhou 6
2634:Shenzhou 5
2618:Shenzhou 8
2613:Shenzhou 4
2608:Shenzhou 3
2603:Shenzhou 2
2598:Shenzhou 1
2286:Yutu rover
2021:Spaceports
1938:suborbital
1694:Spacecraft
1657:Tianjiao-1
1652:Sea Dragon
1575:(boosters)
1508:Tianlong-3
1439:Long March
1319:spacecraft
1220:Long March
1210:Feng Bao 1
1182:Tianlong-3
1150:New Line 1
1118:Long March
1063:Tianlong-2
961:Long March
956:Kinetica 1
616:1288576470
493:References
483:spaceplane
356:spaceplane
270:Soyuz-like
266:spaceplane
168:spaceplane
52:improve it
42:verifiable
3572:Blackstar
3510:XCOR Lynx
3470:NASA X-43
3056:Wild Fire
2911:Queqiao 2
2512:(2003–07)
2409:cosmology
2393:Tianwen-3
2383:Tianwen-4
2373:Chang'e 8
2363:Chang'e 7
2353:Tianwen-2
2334:Chang'e 6
2318:Chang'e 5
2310:Tianwen-1
2294:Chang'e 4
2270:Chang'e 3
2261:Yinghuo 1
2253:Chang'e 2
2248:(2007–09)
2245:Chang'e 1
2166:Kaituozhe
1903:X-30 NASP
1865:Cancelled
1833:Proposals
1819:(capsule)
1813:(capsule)
1807:(capsule)
1796:(capsule)
1750:(capsule)
1614:Hopper /
1589:Falcon 1e
1524:Proposals
1516:(engines)
1458:New Glenn
1091:Gravity-2
902:Gravity-1
628:cite book
316:HT-1 SLVs
222:July 2008
193:does not
170:program.
130:Wingspan:
3433:Canceled
3316:Explorer
3217:Canceled
3093:Canceled
3077:Shenlong
2811:Mengtian
2200:Tiangong
2182:Shuguang
2161:Kuaizhou
2040:Wenchang
1940:vehicles
1823:Starship
1805:Mengzhou
1727:Shenlong
1722:Dragon 2
1594:Falcon 5
1550:Canceled
1502:Terran R
1470:Pallas-1
1427:Electron
1417:CALLISTO
1348:Falcon 9
1145:Nebula 1
1101:Kuaizhou
934:Kuaizhou
779:Archived
728:16 April
706:16 April
658:13 April
573:20 April
551:20 April
519:Archived
427:Mandarin
281:Dynasoar
274:Shenzhou
259:Shenzhou
247:Shenzhou
149:Payload:
3419:program
3331:Lapotok
3145:Saenger
3140:S3 SOAR
3135:Orizont
3130:MUSTARD
2999:italics
2978:Related
2966:XPNAV 1
2903:Qianfan
2871:Queqiao
2803:Wentian
2788:modules
2474:Xuntian
2343:Shensuo
2231:Science
2206:Tianwen
2194:Chang'e
2045:Xichang
2035:Taiyuan
2030:Jiuquan
1888:Mustard
1736:Retired
1718:(CSSHQ)
1616:Phoenix
1557:Adeline
1452:Miura 5
1370:Retired
1203:Retired
912:Jielong
840:Chinese
680:19 June
477:Tengyun
439:of the
214:removed
199:sources
174:History
120:Length:
3372:Active
3351:Spiral
3326:Kliper
3280:HOPE-X
3275:ALFLEX
3267:HYFLEX
3240:RLV-TD
3224:AVATAR
3187:Skylon
3182:Airbus
3120:Hopper
3115:Hermes
3086:Europe
3049:Canada
2937:(2020)
2795:Tianhe
2776:(2023)
2768:(2022)
2760:(2022)
2752:(2021)
2744:(2021)
2736:(2017)
2567:(2025)
2533:TanSat
2478:(2026)
2468:(2024)
2460:(2023)
2397:(2030)
2387:(2029)
2377:(2028)
2367:(2026)
2357:(2025)
2347:(2024)
2337:(2024)
2265:(2011)
1877:Kliper
1840:Avatar
1748:Dragon
1704:Active
1662:Spiral
1609:HOPE-X
1573:Ares V
1567:Ares I
1562:Angara
1536:SASSTO
1514:Vulcan
1487:Skylon
1476:RLV-TD
1422:CORONA
1383:Petrel
1341:Active
1262:Zhuque
1187:Zhuque
1165:Pallas
1140:Naga-L
1068:Zhuque
878:Active
614:
604:
388:Maglev
143:140 t
106:Crew:
3515:Xerus
3485:HL-42
3480:HL-20
3400:ASSET
3311:Buran
3306:BOR-5
3301:BOR-4
3285:WIRES
3260:Japan
3210:India
3125:HOTOL
3110:Falke
3065:China
2950:QUESS
2840:(BDS)
2581:Human
2563:SMILE
2553:CBERS
2449:ASO-S
2441:CHASE
2433:GECAM
2417:DAMPE
1856:SUSIE
1817:Orion
1647:Roton
1622:HOTOL
1599:Nexus
1160:OS-M4
1155:OS-M2
1058:OS-M1
966:CZ-2C
885:Ceres
862:OS-XO
598:(PDF)
361:CZ-2E
255:Soyuz
139:Mass:
124:32 m
96:Role:
3271:OREX
3100:ARES
2501:CSES
2465:SVOM
2425:HXMT
1909:X-33
1898:SOAR
1882:Lynx
1777:X-15
1637:MAKS
1406:Amur
1389:Skua
1317:and
1225:CZ-1
986:3B/E
787:2021
756:2013
730:2008
708:2008
682:2012
660:2008
634:link
612:OCLC
602:ISBN
575:2008
553:2008
527:2021
471:X-43
422:H-6K
310:and
197:any
195:cite
153:4 t
3336:LKS
3166:IXV
2188:CMS
1872:H-2
1667:V-2
1627:K-1
1051:11H
857:T-7
451:CAS
441:CAS
208:by
3613::
3421:,
2555:)
2263:†
1255:4A
1250:3B
1240:2E
1235:2A
1230:1D
1133:12
1128:10
1111:31
1106:21
1046:11
1036:7A
1026:6C
1021:6A
1011:5B
1001:4C
996:4B
991:3C
981:3A
976:2F
971:2D
949:11
944:1A
895:1S
777:.
773:.
630:}}
626:{{
610:.
583:^
517:.
513:.
501:^
473:.
386:)
3425:)
3417:(
3273:/
3269:/
3034:e
3027:t
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2702:)
2698:(
2551:(
1973:e
1966:t
1959:v
1917:*
1911:*
1905:*
1884:*
1852:*
1779:*
1768:*
1762:*
1756:*
1362:*
1307:e
1300:t
1293:v
1267:1
1245:3
1192:3
1175:2
1170:1
1123:9
1073:2
1041:8
1031:7
1016:6
1006:5
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917:1
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832:e
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