275:, which the People's Republic of China does not recognize. Vatican spokesman Greg Burke described the agreement as "not political but pastoral, allowing the faithful to have bishops who are in communion with Rome but at the same time recognized by Chinese authorities." While the agreement states that China will recommend bishops before they are appointed by the pope, it also stipulates that the pope has authority to veto a bishop China recommends. Francis then approved seven bishops who had been appointed by Beijing, after withdrawing Church censures against those six and one recently deceased bishop, who had all received episcopal consecration without papal approval. On 23 September, the Catholic Church in China pledged to remain loyal to the
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the service of the common good and the harmonious growth of society as a whole. In particular, Catholics ought to make a prophetic and constructive contribution born of their faith in the kingdom of God. At times, this may also require of them the effort to offer a word of criticism, not out of sterile opposition, but for the sake of building a society that is more just, humane and respectful of the dignity of each person.
197:(CPA), at some periods in agreement with the Holy See, at other times in direct opposition to its declared wishes. The PRC government's position is that bishops should be appointed by itself; the Holy See's position is that bishops can only be appointed by the Pope, while envisaging in some cases a form of consultation with the civil authorities.
260:, regarded the warming of diplomatic relationships as selling out the Catholic Church in China, as the process involves the resignation of several bishops of the underground church. A vigil was held by the Justice and Peace Commission of the Hong Kong Catholic Diocese in response from 12 to 13 February in St Bonaventure Church.
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group of 783 priests, nuns, and lay
Catholics signed a declaration opposing what they viewed as Vatican interference and Western imperialism. Throughout 1950 and 1951, the People's Republic of China put pressure on the Vatican by threatening a breakaway of "independent Catholics", but many priests opposed the movement, and
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On the civil and political level, Chinese
Catholics must be good citizens, loving their homeland and serving their country with diligence and honesty, to the best of their ability. On the ethical level, they should be aware that many of their fellow citizens expect from them a greater commitment to
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In
January 2018, the Church was close to negotiating a deal with China that allows China to have more control over the underground churches and allows the Vatican to have more control over the appointment of bishops. While this did not amount to the establishment of formal diplomatic ties, this was
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from the Church. In response, initiatives including Fr. Wang
Liangzuo's "Guangyuan Declaration of Catholic Self-Reformation" gained support from Chinese Catholics. In turn, apostolic nuncio Antonio Riberi circulated a letter denouncing such proposed reforms, and in March 1951 Fr. Li Weiguang and a
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While some have raised concerns that China was no longer enforcing the terms of the 2018 agreement, both parties extended the agreement in
October 2020 for two more years. In July 2022, Pope Francis stated that he hoped the Provisional Agreement would be renewed in October 2022, describing the
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ever since the United
Nations' recognition of the Beijing government as the government of China. The Holy See has indicated that it would have no difficulty about the second condition, but requires discussion about the concrete meaning of the first. The main point of contention concerns the
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had been an envoy as part of such efforts. High-ranking bishops in the Roman
Catholic Church implied that such a diplomatic move was possible, predicated on the PRC granting more freedom of religion and interfering less in the hierarchy of the church in mainland China.
104:'s (CCP) policy of restricting religious activities and the appointment of Catholic bishops in mainland China. There have been attempts to improve China-Holy See relations, with an agreement signed in September 2018 between the PRC and the Holy See allowing the
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approved by the CCP. The agreement was renewed for another two years in
October 2020. However, in 2022, the Vatican has accused the government for violating the terms of the agreement with the appointment of a diocese not recognised by the Holy See.
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continues the campaign, launched in the spring of 2018, to increase control of foreign religious institutions. In
October 2018, local Chinese government officials destroyed two Marian shrines, one in Shanxi and one in Guizhou.
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discovered the mortar and took a non-functioning piece of it back to his house to display as an antique. When CCP officials saw Riva's curio in his home, they arrested him for conspiracy to assassinate
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In
October 2022, the agreement was renewed for another two years. In November 2022, the Vatican accused the Chinese government of violating the terms of the agreement. A bishop of another district,
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said that the agreement works to maintain communications and improve relations between the parties. They did not establish diplomatic relations and the Vatican maintained diplomatic ties with the
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organized the first major breakthrough discussion at leadership level during a three days closed door seminar in his French château where a senior Chinese visiting delegation met with Monseigneur
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This article is about the relations with the People's Republic of China. For the relations with the Republic of China, before and after the communist takeover of mainland China in 1949, see
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agreement as "moving well." As of July 2022, seven bishops before 2018 were brought into communion with the Vatican and only six new bishops have been appointed under the 2018 agreement.
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in August 2014 China opened up its airspace to the Pope's plane, and while crossing the Chinese airspace the Pope sent a telegram expressing his "best wishes" to the Chinese people.
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from mainland China performed a concert for the Pope inside the Vatican, prompting analysts to speak of a "growing rapprochement" between the two countries. On 8 April 2011, the
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239:, Pope since March 2013, said in a news media interview that he wished to visit China and improve the China-Holy See relationship. It was also reported that on a Papal visit to
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The Beijing government has set two conditions for reestablishing the relations: that the Holy See "not interfere in religious matters in China" and that, in line with Beijing's
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principle, it break the ties with the Taipei government. Such ties were established after the expulsion of Archbishop Riberi, and have been maintained at the level of
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sought a middle ground. A deadly controversy was then manufactured: a priest working at the Holy See internunciature (legation) had thrown out an old 1930s-era
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The 1966 Agreement with Argentina provides an example of how national governments are, by exception, sometimes consulted prior to the appointment of bishops.
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139:. The CCP framed these actions in terms of Chinese Catholics reclaiming their church in the context of broader opposition to Western imperialism.
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164:, which Riva denied. Riva was executed and the Holy See's diplomatic mission was banished from the country for "espionage".
20:
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586:
524:"Informatori, avventurieri, spioni, agenti più o meno autentici in duemila anni di storia delle relazioni italo-cinesi"
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1981:
1976:
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1270:, OFM (who, before his death on 4th January 2017, had expressed the desire to be reconciled with the Apostolic See).
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97:(Taiwan) as the representative of China ever since the establishment of relations with the ROC government in 1942.
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1282:
403:
Yeh, Alice (1 June 2023). "Social Mobility, Migratory Vocations, and the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association".
172:, was sentenced to life in prison and died in 1961, while four other "conspirators" were given shorter sentences.
319:, was installed in the Diocese of Shanghai, with the Vatican learning of the appointment only a few days before.
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1966:
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187:
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350:
The Inquiry. BBC World Service. 23 min. 22 August 2024 (radio documentary on the 2018 agreement).
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689:
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156:
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In 1950, the Holy See stated that participation in certain CCP-related organizations would result in
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264:
857:
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Relations between the Holy See and the PRC have been strained over various issues, especially the
1259:
1251:
426:
405:
253:
206:
1416:"China-Vatican accord followed by the destruction of two shrines in Shanxi and Guizhou (videos)"
315:, which is not recognized as a diocese by the Vatican. In April 2023, Bishop Shen Bin, formerly
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1239:
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136:
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and the Vatican signed a historic agreement concerning the appointment of bishops in China.
165:
1348:"Message of Pope Francis to the Catholics of China and to the Universal Church, 26.09.2018"
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1247:
863:
223:
217:
by the PRC authorities was said to be "tacitly approved" by the Vatican. In May 2008, the
152:
143:
1020:"The Vatican Stays Away from the Hong Kong Crisis Due to Fears of Beijing's Retaliation"
2867:
1450:
1287:
214:
1125:
810:
778:
746:
716:
651:
3504:
1352:
954:
556:
430:
414:
1093:
236:
131:
government broke off diplomatic relations with the Holy See in 1951, deporting the
1533:"Vatican confirms renewal of contested accord with China on bishops' appointments"
987:"Vatican rebukes ex-cardinal after remarks on 'selling out' of Chinese Catholics"
833:
240:
296:
279:(CCP). On 26 September, in a letter to Chinese Catholics, Pope Francis wrote:
161:
148:
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933:
422:
3454:
346:
176:
1051:
2987:
1163:
959:
783:
751:
656:
606:
560:
557:"China: the Vatican denounces the arrest of bishop, priest and layperson"
90:
73:
1508:"Pope hopes deal with China on bishop appointments will be renewed soon"
494:
The Tragedy of Liberation: A History of the Chinese Revolution 1945-1957
1570:
1537:
1319:
1098:
312:
128:
109:
205:
The Holy See made efforts in 2007 to create formal ties with the PRC.
1384:"Vatican Agreement Latest Front in Xi's Widening Religious Clampdown"
1315:"China's Catholic Church pledges loyalty to Party after Vatican deal"
132:
94:
685:"Archbishop McCarrick's unofficial role in Vatican-China relations"
2721:
1692:
1636:"Vatican says China has unilaterally appointed bishop to Shanghai"
919:"Pope Francis Sends Message to China in Telegram from Papal Plane"
62:
1566:"Vatican says China violated pact on bishops, wants explanation"
1192:"Vatican and China Sign Deal Over Bishops, Allowing Pope a Veto"
105:
2958:
2783:
2690:
1708:
1663:
1222:"Briefing Note about the Catholic Church in China, 22.09.2018"
630:"Agreement between the Holy See and the Republic of Argentina"
579:"Taiwan "Religious Freedom The Key To Beijing-Holy See Ties""
369:"Holy See and China renew Provisional Agreement for 2 years"
1478:"Vatican, China extend bishop agreement over US opposition"
1224:(Press release). Holy See Press Office. 22 September 2018.
1159:"Vatican announces deal with China on bishop appointments"
1089:"Vatican and China sign agreement on bishop appointments"
252:
seen as a huge step towards formal recognition. However,
235:
the Holy See Undersecretary for Relations with States.
85:
There are no official bilateral relations between the
155:
in a trash pile out of his home. A businessman named
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3241:
3110:
3044:
2999:
2657:
2586:
2395:
2141:
1995:
1719:
45:
1598:
1083:
1081:
1079:
917:
856:
1190:Rocca, Francis X.; Dou, Eva (22 September 2018).
3470:Heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See
1283:"Pope Francis recognizes seven bishops in China"
3490:Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)
1600:"Vatican Says China Broke Agreement on Bishops"
281:
526:(in Italian). Mondo Cinese 101. Archived from
347:Is Pope Francis ‘betraying’ China’s Catholics?
329:Chinese Regional Bishops' Conference of Taiwan
2970:
1675:
955:"China, the Vatican and a controversial deal"
213:In September 2007, the appointment of Father
8:
1447:"China Is Already Breaking Its Vatican Deal"
891:"Pope Francis wants to visit mainland China"
193:in mainland China, who are now named by the
31:
3480:Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See
2890:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
2977:
2963:
2955:
2780:
2687:
1716:
1705:
1682:
1668:
1660:
1153:
1151:
858:"China and Vatican break ice in Burgundy"
360:
311:, was installed as auxiliary bishop in
1597:Rocca, Francis X. (26 November 2022).
1457:from the original on 20 September 2020
1445:Rogers, Benedict (17 September 2020).
1327:from the original on 25 September 2018
1295:from the original on 22 September 2018
1228:from the original on 27 September 2018
1202:from the original on 23 September 2018
1171:from the original on 22 September 2018
1105:from the original on 22 September 2018
871:from the original on 23 September 2018
93:. The Holy See instead recognizes the
30:
1578:from the original on 26 November 2022
1564:Pullella, Philip (26 November 2022).
1360:from the original on 13 November 2018
1032:from the original on 13 February 2020
791:from the original on 11 November 2012
759:from the original on 11 November 2012
727:from the original on 11 November 2012
683:Mares, Courtney (17 September 2018).
664:from the original on 11 November 2012
375:from the original on 17 November 2020
7:
1545:from the original on 22 October 2022
1531:Pullella, Philip (22 October 2022).
1476:Winfield, Nicole (22 October 2020).
1426:from the original on 7 November 2018
1064:from the original on 9 February 2018
1018:Scimia, Emanuele (29 January 2020).
999:from the original on 9 February 2018
967:from the original on 8 February 2018
821:from the original on 15 August 2014.
697:from the original on 1 November 2020
614:from the original on 4 October 2014.
567:from the original on 6 October 2012.
398:
396:
394:
392:
390:
3521:Bilateral relations of the Holy See
1396:from the original on 30 August 2019
897:from the original on 2 October 2015
811:"China installs Pope-backed bishop"
779:"China ordains new Catholic bishop"
747:"China welcomes Vatican initiative"
717:"HK bishop hints at Vatican switch"
652:"Pope offers olive branch to China"
477:from the original on 9 August 2014.
455:from the original on 8 August 2014.
2795:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
1488:from the original on 31 March 2021
834:"Chinese orchestra plays for Pope"
636:from the original on 2 April 2014.
16:China–Holy See bilateral relations
14:
2993:Foreign relations of the Holy See
2920:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1782:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
1124:Rosner, Max (27 September 2018).
844:from the original on 13 May 2008.
3035:
3017:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2986:
1691:
1136:from the original on 5 June 2020
916:Ball, Deborah (14 August 2014).
201:2007 letter to Chinese Catholics
67:
56:
37:
3412:Organization of American States
2940:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
2848:Dates of diplomatic recognition
632:. Vatican.va. 10 October 1966.
415:10.4000/chinaperspectives.15216
2863:Foreign relations of Hong Kong
600:Reynolds, James (9 May 2008).
585:. 22 July 2004. Archived from
522:Bertuccioli, Giuliano (1999).
445:"Religion: Catholics in China"
195:Catholic Patriotic Association
1:
1516:. 6 July 2022. Archived from
855:Dinmore, Guy (8 April 2011).
247:2018 Holy See–China agreement
3526:Bilateral relations of China
3475:Legal status of the Holy See
3427:Observer to the UN in Geneva
2819:Diplomatic missions of China
832:Willey, David (7 May 2008).
583:Union of Catholic Asian News
467:"Religion: Prayer for China"
219:China Philharmonic Orchestra
3450:Cardinal Secretary of State
2807:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
893:. ANSA. 28 September 2015.
273:Republic of China on Taiwan
254:Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-kiun
3542:
2878:Political status of Taiwan
1698:Foreign relations of China
1060:(in Chinese (Hong Kong)).
334:Roman Catholicism in China
263:On 22 September 2018, the
120:
87:People's Republic of China
18:
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2790:
2779:
2697:
2686:
1715:
1704:
1053:活動資訊 :: 香港天主教正義和平委員會
602:"China-Vatican relations"
79:
66:
55:
36:
21:Holy See–Taiwan relations
3511:China–Holy See relations
3012:Central African Republic
2904:Major historical splits
2828:Belt and Road Initiative
1767:Central African Republic
1513:South China Morning Post
1052:
992:South China Morning Post
269:China's foreign ministry
123:Catholic Church in China
32:China–Holy See relations
2853:Foreign policy of China
2767:China and the Antarctic
2732:China–Japan–South Korea
1606:The Wall Street Journal
1126:"A compromise too far?"
925:The Wall Street Journal
277:Chinese Communist Party
102:Chinese Communist Party
3380:Multilateral relations
3254:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2935:Wolf warrior diplomacy
2762:Arctic policy of China
2702:BCIM Economic Corridor
2692:Multilateral relations
1787:Congo, Republic of the
1244:Joseph Huang Bingzhang
371:. Vatican News. 2020.
286:
3459:Diplomatic missions:
3027:Republic of the Congo
2858:Foreign Relations Law
2833:China's peaceful rise
1922:São Tomé and Príncipe
1323:. 23 September 2018.
1101:. 22 September 2018.
817:. 21 September 2007.
499:Bloomsbury Publishing
473:. 17 September 1951.
309:Giovanni Peng Weizhao
294:CCP general secretary
3516:1951 in Christianity
3485:Secretariat of State
3445:Apostolic nunciature
3228:United Arab Emirates
2365:United Arab Emirates
1389:Jamestown Foundation
1025:Jamestown Foundation
787:. 30 November 2006.
690:Catholic News Agency
108:to appoint and veto
2883:Chinese unification
2843:Confucius Institute
2380:Northern Domination
2118:Trinidad and Tobago
2003:Antigua and Barbuda
1710:Bilateral relations
1422:. 25 October 2018.
1382:(10 October 2018).
1196:Wall Street Journal
963:. 4 February 2018.
755:. 22 January 2007.
660:. 20 January 2007.
641:at Google Translate
639:English translation
563:. 4 February 2005.
541:English translation
258:Bishop of Hong Kong
33:
28:Bilateral relations
3422:Observer to the UN
2058:Dominican Republic
1260:Joseph Yue Fusheng
1252:Joseph Liu Xinhong
1130:The Irish Catholic
406:China Perspectives
265:Chinese government
207:Theodore McCarrick
3498:
3497:
3402:Council of Europe
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2930:Theater diplomacy
2895:Stadium diplomacy
2815:
2803:
2800:General Secretary
2775:
2774:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
1802:Equatorial Guinea
1380:Wo-Lap Lam, Willy
1268:Anthony Tu Shihua
1264:Vincent Zhan Silu
1256:Joseph Ma Yinglin
1240:Joseph Guo Jincai
229:Baron Von Pfetten
182:chargé d'affaires
170:apostolic prefect
137:British Hong Kong
95:Republic of China
83:
82:
3533:
3350:Papua New Guinea
3163:Kurdistan Region
3039:
2991:
2990:
2979:
2972:
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2900:String of Pearls
2812:Foreign Minister
2809:
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2629:Papua New Guinea
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1482:Associated Press
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887:
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852:
846:
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829:
823:
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807:
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800:
798:
796:
775:
769:
768:
766:
764:
743:
737:
736:
734:
732:
723:. 5 April 2005.
713:
707:
706:
704:
702:
680:
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673:
671:
669:
648:
642:
637:
626:
622:
616:
615:
597:
591:
590:
575:
569:
568:
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545:Google Translate
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463:
457:
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400:
385:
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380:
365:
317:Bishop of Haimen
290:Willy Wo-Lap Lam
166:Tarcisio Martina
133:apostolic nuncio
71:
70:
60:
59:
41:
34:
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3535:
3534:
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3500:
3499:
3494:
3465:to the Holy See
3461:of the Holy See
3433:
3375:
3354:
3338:
3294:North Macedonia
3237:
3106:
3040:
3031:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2953:
2944:
2873:Panda diplomacy
2838:Chinese Century
2786:
2771:
2693:
2674:
2653:
2639:Solomon Islands
2582:
2391:
2137:
1991:
1711:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1634:
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1579:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1548:
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1530:
1529:
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1520:on 9 July 2022.
1506:
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1475:
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1470:
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1444:
1443:
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1427:
1420:www.asianews.it
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1248:Paul Lei Shiyin
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1016:
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985:
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953:
952:
948:
938:
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915:
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898:
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874:
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864:Financial Times
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682:
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628:
624:
623:
619:
599:
598:
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589:on 29 May 2009.
577:
576:
572:
555:
554:
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533:
531:
530:on 20 July 2014
521:
520:
516:
509:
501:. p. 117.
489:Dikötter, Frank
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451:. 2 July 1951.
443:
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402:
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388:
378:
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367:
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224:Financial Times
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168:, the regional
144:excommunication
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61:
57:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3438:Related topics
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3417:United Nations
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3407:European Union
3404:
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3019:
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2916:
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2897:
2892:
2887:
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2870:
2868:Nine-dash line
2865:
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2791:
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2757:United Nations
2754:
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2737:European Union
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2698:
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2596:
2590:
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2573:United Kingdom
2570:
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2515:
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2495:
2490:
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2450:
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2438:Czech Republic
2435:
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2410:
2405:
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2139:
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2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
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2110:
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2100:
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2070:
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2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
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2030:
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
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1904:
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1644:. 4 April 2023
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1451:Foreign Policy
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1346:Pope Francis.
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1306:
1288:Deutsche Welle
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1116:
1075:
1043:
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978:
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908:
882:
847:
824:
802:
770:
738:
708:
675:
643:
617:
592:
570:
548:
514:
508:978-1620403471
507:
480:
458:
436:
409:(133): 31–41.
386:
359:
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356:
353:
352:
351:
341:
338:
337:
336:
331:
324:
321:
248:
245:
227:reported that
215:Joseph Li Shan
202:
199:
186:appointing of
118:
115:
89:(PRC) and the
81:
80:
77:
76:
65:
53:
52:
50:
47:
46:
43:
42:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3538:
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3410:
3408:
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3403:
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3398:
3395:
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3390:
3388:
3387:African Union
3385:
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3382:
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3369:
3367:
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3357:
3351:
3348:
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3327:
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3322:
3320:
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3307:
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3300:
3297:
3295:
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3290:
3287:
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3282:
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3260:
3257:
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3250:
3247:
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3234:
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3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
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3201:
3199:
3196:
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3186:
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3159:
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3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:United States
3090:
3088:
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3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
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3049:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2941:
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2933:
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2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
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2901:
2898:
2896:
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2888:
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2829:
2826:
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2808:
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2801:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
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2745:
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2742:Latin America
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
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2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2689:
2685:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:Former states
2656:
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2645:
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2640:
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2632:
2630:
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2400:
2398:
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2328:
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2320:
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2314:
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2309:
2306:
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2301:
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2279:
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2269:
2267:
2264:
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2259:
2257:
2254:
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2249:
2247:
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2242:
2239:
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2234:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
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2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:United States
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Guinea-Bissau
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
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1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1685:
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1678:
1673:
1671:
1666:
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1662:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1593:
1590:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1534:
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1524:
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1515:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:Vatican Press
1349:
1342:
1339:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1266:and H.E. Mgr
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1227:
1223:
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3203:Saudi Arabia
3122:
2665:Soviet Union
2578:Vatican City
2577:
2360:Turkmenistan
2308:Saudi Arabia
1947:South Africa
1937:Sierra Leone
1747:Burkina Faso
1646:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1604:
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1569:
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1129:
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1109:23 September
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1094:The Guardian
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1058:www.hkjp.org
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157:Antonio Riva
141:
126:
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3397:Arab League
3329:Switzerland
3208:South Korea
3198:Philippines
3022:Ivory Coast
2752:Third World
2717:Arab League
2619:New Zealand
2563:Switzerland
2513:Netherlands
2318:South Korea
2298:Philippines
2276:North Korea
2149:Afghanistan
2068:El Salvador
1952:South Sudan
1842:Ivory Coast
1582:26 November
1430:16 November
1364:15 November
1262:, H.E. Mgr
1258:, H.E. Mgr
1254:, H.E. Mgr
1250:, H.E. Mgr
1246:, H.E. Mgr
1242:, H.E. Mgr
1140:15 November
1036:10 February
379:10 November
241:South Korea
3505:Categories
3455:Concordats
3371:Yugoslavia
3118:Bangladesh
2670:Yugoslavia
2609:Micronesia
2543:San Marino
2508:Montenegro
2498:Luxembourg
2370:Uzbekistan
2345:Tajikistan
2236:Kyrgyzstan
2231:Kazakhstan
2184:East Timor
2164:Bangladesh
2159:Azerbaijan
2048:Costa Rica
1932:Seychelles
1897:Mozambique
1882:Mauritania
1867:Madagascar
1762:Cape Verde
1641:Al Jazeera
1620:4 December
1549:22 October
1068:8 February
1003:8 February
971:8 February
939:4 December
701:2 November
355:References
297:Xi Jinping
233:Balestrero
162:Mao Zedong
149:Zhou Enlai
121:See also:
3213:Sri Lanka
3193:Palestine
3138:Indonesia
3102:Venezuela
3082:Nicaragua
3052:Argentina
2785:Diplomacy
2727:Caribbean
2594:Australia
2493:Lithuania
2330:Sri Lanka
2313:Singapore
2293:Palestine
2199:Indonesia
2133:Venezuela
2098:Nicaragua
2008:Argentina
1887:Mauritius
1615:0099-9660
1238:H.E. Mgr
934:0099-9660
901:3 October
431:259562815
423:2070-3449
177:One China
3259:Bulgaria
3188:Pakistan
3173:Malaysia
3045:Americas
2925:Treaties
2823:in China
2604:Kiribati
2528:Portugal
2423:Bulgaria
2350:Thailand
2288:Pakistan
2261:Mongolia
2256:Maldives
2251:Malaysia
2179:Cambodia
2113:Suriname
2083:Honduras
2043:Colombia
2018:Barbados
1996:Americas
1987:Zimbabwe
1962:Tanzania
1812:Ethiopia
1792:Djibouti
1757:Cameroon
1742:Botswana
1576:Archived
1543:Archived
1486:Archived
1455:Archived
1424:Archived
1394:Archived
1358:Archived
1325:Archived
1293:Archived
1226:Archived
1200:Archived
1169:Archived
1164:NBC News
1134:Archived
1103:Archived
1062:Archived
1030:Archived
997:Archived
965:Archived
960:BBC News
895:Archived
869:Archived
842:Archived
838:BBC News
819:Archived
815:BBC News
789:Archived
784:BBC News
757:Archived
752:BBC News
725:Archived
721:BBC News
695:Archived
662:Archived
657:BBC News
634:Archived
612:Archived
607:BBC News
565:Archived
561:AsiaNews
491:(2013).
475:Archived
453:Archived
373:Archived
323:See also
188:Catholic
91:Holy See
74:Holy See
3343:Oceania
3309:Romania
3284:Ireland
3274:Germany
3264:Croatia
3249:Albania
3233:Vietnam
3178:Myanmar
3168:Lebanon
3128:Georgia
3097:Uruguay
3007:Algeria
2913:Albania
2747:Oceania
2707:BIMSTEC
2649:Vanuatu
2587:Oceania
2568:Ukraine
2533:Romania
2503:Moldova
2478:Ireland
2473:Iceland
2468:Hungary
2458:Germany
2448:Finland
2443:Denmark
2428:Croatia
2418:Belgium
2413:Belarus
2408:Austria
2403:Albania
2375:Vietnam
2323:History
2281:History
2266:Myanmar
2246:Lebanon
2224:history
2189:Georgia
2154:Armenia
2128:Uruguay
2088:Jamaica
2073:Grenada
2063:Ecuador
2023:Bolivia
2013:Bahamas
1972:Tunisia
1942:Somalia
1927:Senegal
1912:Nigeria
1902:Namibia
1892:Morocco
1857:Liberia
1852:Lesotho
1807:Eritrea
1777:Comoros
1752:Burundi
1727:Algeria
1571:Reuters
1538:Reuters
1492:2 April
1320:Reuters
1099:Reuters
534:14 July
313:Jiangxi
237:Francis
191:bishops
129:Beijing
117:History
110:bishops
3359:Former
3319:Serbia
3314:Russia
3304:Poland
3299:Monaco
3279:Greece
3269:France
3242:Europe
3223:Turkey
3218:Taiwan
3158:Jordan
3148:Israel
3077:Mexico
3062:Canada
3057:Brazil
3000:Africa
2908:Soviet
2712:Africa
2558:Sweden
2548:Serbia
2538:Russia
2523:Poland
2518:Norway
2488:Kosovo
2463:Greece
2453:France
2433:Cyprus
2396:Europe
2355:Turkey
2340:Taiwan
2214:Israel
2174:Brunei
2169:Bhutan
2103:Panama
2093:Mexico
2033:Canada
2028:Brazil
1982:Zambia
1977:Uganda
1917:Rwanda
1872:Malawi
1832:Guinea
1822:Gambia
1732:Angola
1720:Africa
1648:29 May
1613:
932:
795:7 June
763:7 June
731:7 June
668:7 June
505:
429:
421:
153:mortar
3392:ASEAN
3324:Spain
3289:Italy
3183:Nepal
3153:Japan
3133:India
3123:China
3067:Chile
2722:BRICS
2644:Tonga
2634:Samoa
2614:Nauru
2553:Spain
2483:Italy
2387:Yemen
2335:Syria
2303:Qatar
2271:Nepal
2219:Japan
2194:India
2078:Haiti
2038:Chile
1957:Sudan
1907:Niger
1862:Libya
1847:Kenya
1827:Ghana
1817:Gabon
1797:Egypt
1737:Benin
427:S2CID
340:Audio
63:China
3143:Iran
3111:Asia
3087:Peru
3072:Cuba
2624:Niue
2599:Fiji
2241:Laos
2209:Iraq
2204:Iran
2142:Asia
2108:Peru
2053:Cuba
1967:Togo
1877:Mali
1772:Chad
1650:2023
1622:2023
1611:ISSN
1584:2022
1551:2022
1494:2021
1463:2020
1432:2018
1402:2019
1366:2018
1333:2018
1301:2018
1234:2018
1208:2018
1177:2018
1142:2018
1111:2018
1070:2018
1038:2020
1005:2018
973:2018
941:2023
930:ISSN
903:2015
877:2018
797:2007
765:2007
733:2007
703:2020
670:2007
536:2012
503:ISBN
471:Time
449:Time
419:ISSN
381:2020
127:The
106:pope
543:at
411:doi
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