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In a 1994 rematch, Chinook was declared the Man-Machine World
Champion in a match against Tinsley after six drawn games and Tinsley's withdrawal due to pancreatic cancer. This made Chinook the first computer program to win a world championship title in a competition against humans, but while Chinook
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include an opening book which is a library of opening moves from games played by checkers grandmasters; a deep search algorithm; a good move evaluation function; and an end-game database for all positions with eight pieces or fewer. All of
Chinook's knowledge was programmed by its creators, rather
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Chinook's program algorithm includes an opening book, a library of opening moves from games played by grandmasters; a deep search algorithm; a good move evaluation function; and an end-game database for all positions with eight pieces or fewer. The linear handcrafted evaluation function considers
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several features of the game board, including piece count, kings count, trapped kings, turn, runaway checkers (unimpeded path to be kinged), and other minor factors. All of
Chinook's knowledge was programmed by its creators, rather than learned with artificial intelligence.
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were against the participation of a computer in a human championship. When
Tinsley resigned his title in protest, the ACF and EDA created the new title Man vs. Machine World Championship, and competition proceeded. Tinsley won with four wins to Chinook's two, with 33 draws.
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in a 32-game match. The final score was 1–0 with 31 draws for
Chinook over Lafferty. After the match, Jonathan Schaeffer decided not to let Chinook compete any more, but instead try to
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publishes
Schaeffer's team's article "Checkers Is Solved", presenting their proof that the best a player can achieve playing against a player with perfect information is a draw.
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August 2, 2004 - The
Chinook team announces that the tournament-opening in checkers called the White Doctor (10–14 22–18 12–16) is proven to be a draw.
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became the world champion, it never defeated
Tinsley, who was significantly superior to even his closest peers.
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Schaeffer, J.; Burch, N.; Y. Björnsson; Kishimoto, A.; Müller, M.; Lake, R.; Lu, P.; Sutphen, S. (2007).
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January 18, 2006 - The
Chinook team announces that the 09–13 21–17 05–09 opening is proven to be a draw.
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April 18, 2006 - The
Chinook team announces that the 09–13 22–17 13–22 opening is proven to be a draw.
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Schaeffer, J.; Björnsson, Y.; Burch, N.; Kishimoto, A.; Müller, M.; Lake, R.; Lu, P.; Sutphen, S.
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Proceedings of the 2005 International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization
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In 1990 Chinook won the right to play in the human World Championship by being second to
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May 24, 2003 - Chinook completes its 10 piece database with 5 pieces on each side.
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2007 conference) that a final solution to checkers is expected within 3–5 months.
30:(also known as draughts). It was developed between the years 1989 to 2007 at the
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1997 - Jonathan Schaeffer writes a book about Chinook called
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One Jump Ahead:: Challenging Human Supremacy in Checkers
193:"Details of the 1995 Man vs. Machine World Championship"
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In 1995, Chinook defended its man-machine title against
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One Jump Ahead: Challenging Human Supremacy in Checkers
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March 10, 2007 - Jonathan Schaeffer announces (at the
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99:checkers. At the time it was rated at 2814
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175:"1994 Chinook-Tinsley checkers match"
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16:Computer program that plays checkers
339:. 30 September 2004. Archived from
75:in the US Nationals. At first, the
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321:. 24 June 2003. Archived from
67:Man vs. Machine World Champion
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386:Human versus computer matches
289:Schaeffer, Jonathan (1997).
150:July 19, 2007 - The journal
81:English Draughts Association
77:American Checkers Federation
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381:Computer draughts players
238:10.1126/science.1144079
61:artificial intelligence
59:than learned using an
366:University of Alberta
32:University of Alberta
211:"Checkers is Solved"
337:"Chinook home page"
319:"Chinook home page"
230:2007Sci...317.1518S
34:, by a team led by
269:"Solving Checkers"
38:and consisting of
36:Jonathan Schaeffer
304:978-0-387-94930-7
224:(5844): 1518–22.
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26:that plays
375:Categories
161:References
56:algorithms
107:Algorithm
254:10274228
246:17641166
116:Timeline
63:system.
40:Rob Lake
28:checkers
226:Bibcode
218:Science
153:Science
44:Paul Lu
20:Chinook
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145:SIGCSE
50:, and
272:(PDF)
250:S2CID
214:(PDF)
97:solve
22:is a
299:ISBN
242:PMID
79:and
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222:317
142:ACM
101:Elo
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