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Superiore wines can be produced only from grapes cultivated in the
Chianti wine areas except from those vineyards that are registered in the Chianti Classico sub-zone. Vineyards registered in Chianti sub-zones other than Classico can produce Chianti Superiore wines but must omit the sub-zone name on the label. Aging is calculated from 1 January after the picking. Chianti Superiore cannot be sold to the consumer before nine months of aging, of which three must be in the bottle. Therefore, it cannot be bottled before the June after picking or sold to consumers before the next September.
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476:; Classico in the centre of Chianti, across the provinces of Florence and Siena; Colli Aretini in the Arezzo province to the east; Colli Senesi south of Chianti Classico in the Siena hills, which is the largest of the sub-zones and includes the Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano areas; Colline Pisane, the westernmost sub-zone in the province of Pisa; Montespertoli located within the Colli Fiorentini around the commune of
648:. Since the 1980s, the foundation has sponsored extensive research into the viticultural and winemaking practice of the Chianti Classico area, particularly in the area of clonal research. In the last three decades, more than 50% of the vineyards in the Chianti Classico subregion have been replanted with improved Sangiovese clones and modern vineyard techniques as part of the Consorzio Chianti Classico's project "Chianti 2000".
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472:. Wines that are labelled as simply Chianti are made either from a blend from these sub-zones or include grapes from peripheral areas not within the boundaries of a sub-zone. The sub-zones are (clockwise from the north): the Colli Fiorentini which is located south of the city of Florence; Chianti Rufina in the northeastern part of the zone located around the commune of
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suitability test conducted by authorised laboratories, and after it is approved by a special tasting committee. The creation of the
Chianti Classico Gran Selezione DOCG has been criticized, with some describing it as being "Needless; an extra layer of confusion created by marketing people hoping to help Chianti Classico out of a sales crisis."
356:, the general trend in the world wine market for cheap, easy-drinking wine saw a brief boom for the region. With over-cropping and an emphasis on quantity over quality, the reputation of Chianti among consumers eventually plummeted. By the 1950s, Trebbiano (which is known for its neutral flavours) made up to 30% of many mass-market Chiantis.
212:(League of Chianti) was formed around 1250 between the townships of Castellina, Gaiole and Radda, which would lead to the wine from this area taking on a similar name. In 1398 the earliest-known record notes Chianti as a white wine, though the red wines of Chianti were also discussed around the same time in similar documents.
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notes that these basic everyday-drinking
Chiantis are at their peak drinking qualities often between three and five years after vintage, with premium examples having the potential to age for four to eight years. Well-made examples of Chianti Classico often have the potential to age and improve in the
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As of 2006, there were 318 hectares (786 acres) under production in
Montalbano, 905 ha (2,236 acres) in the Colli Fiorentini, 57 ha (140 acres) in Montespertoli, 740 ha (1,840 acres) in Rufina, 3,550 ha (8,780 acres) in the Colli Senesi, 150 ha (380 acres) in Colline Pisane,
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Chianti
Superiore is an Italian DOCG wine produced in the provinces of Arezzo, Florence, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato and Siena, in Tuscany. Superiore is a specification for wines produced with a stricter rule of production than other Chianti wines. Chianti Superiore has been authorised since 1996. Chianti
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The
Montalbano subregion is located in the shadow of the Carmignano DOCG, with much of the best Sangiovese going to that wine. A similar situation exists in the Colli Senesi which includes the well known DOCG region of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano. Both regions rarely appear on wine labels that are
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playing supporting roles. In the mid-19th century, Ricasoli developed a recipe for
Chianti that was based primarily on Sangiovese. Though he is often credited with creating and disseminating a specific formula (typically reported as 70% Sangiovese, 20% Canaiolo, 10% Malvasia Bianca Lunga), a review
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and wine-making techniques to the Colli
Fiorentini. Located in the hills between the Chianti Classico area and Arno valley, the wines of the Colli Fiorentini vary widely depending on producer, but tend to have a simple structure with strong character and fruit notes. The Montespertoli sub-zone was
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In 2014, a new category of
Chianti Classico was introduced: Chianti Classico Gran Selezione. Gran Selezione is made exclusively from a winery's own grapes grown according to stricter regulations compared to regular Chianti Classico. Gran Selezione is granted to a Chianti Classico after it passes a
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could be bottled and labelled under the most basic designation of "Chianti" if their producers chose to do so. Within the collective
Chianti region more than 8 million cases of wines classified as DOC-level or above are produced each year. Today, most Chianti falls under two major designations of
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would eventually be considered the heart of the modern "Chianti Classico" subregion. As of 2006, there were 7,140 ha (17,640 acres) of vineyards in the Chianti Classico subregion. The Chianti Classico subregion covers an area of approximate 260 km (100 square miles) between the city of
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styles will generally have a higher proportion of white grape varieties blended in, while Chiantis that have only red grape varieties will be fuller and richer. While only 15% of Cabernet Sauvignon is permitted in the blend, the nature of the grape variety can have a dominant personality in the
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The aging for basic Chianti DOCG is much less stringent with most varieties allowed to be released to the market on 1 March following the vintage year. The sub-zones of Colli Fiorentini, Montespertoli and Rufina must be aged for a further three months and not released until 1 June. All Chianti
122:(Chianti province). In 1932 the Chianti area was completely redrawn and divided into seven sub-areas: Classico, Colli Aretini, Colli Fiorentini, Colline Pisane, Colli Senesi, Montalbano and Rùfina. Most of the villages that in 1932 were added to the newly defined Chianti Classico region added
166:. Aged Chianti (at least 6 months in barrel and 3 more in bottle before release, instead of 6 months aging without barreling necessary) may be labelled as Riserva. Chianti that meets more stringent requirements (lower yield, higher alcohol content and dry extract) may be labelled as
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or to not be required to blend in any white grape varieties. The late 20th century saw a flurry of creativity and innovation in the Chianti zones as producers experimented with new grape varieties and introduced modern wine-making techniques such as the use of new
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of some Super Tuscans would regularly eclipse those of DOC-sanctioned Chiantis. The success of the Super Tuscans encouraged government officials to reconsider the DOC regulations in order to bring some of these wines back into the fold labelled as Chianti.
134:) seal on the neck of the bottle, which indicates that the producer of the wine is a member of the Chianti Classico Consortium, the local association of producers. Other variants, with the exception of Rufina north-east of Florence and Montalbano south of
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649 ha (1,603 acres) in the Colli Aretini, and an additional 10,324 ha (25,511 acres) in the peripheral areas that do not fall within one of the sub-zone classifications. Wines produced from these vineyards are labelled simply "Chianti".
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to the south. The four communes of Castellina in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, Greve in Chianti and Radda in Chianti are located entirely within the boundaries of the Classico area with parts of Barberino Val d'Elsa, San Casciano in Val di Pesa and
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During the 1970s producers started to reduce the quantity of white grapes in Chianti. In 1995 it became legal to produce a Chianti with 100% Sangiovese. For a wine to retain the name of Chianti it must be produced with at least 80% Sangiovese
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exported out of Tuscany. The Colli Pisane area produces typical Chiantis with the lightest body and color. The Colli Aretini is a relatively new and emerging area that has seen an influx of investment and new winemaking in recent years.
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The first attempt to classify Chianti wine in any way came in 1427, when Florence developed a tariff system for the wines of the surrounding countryside, including an area referred to as "Chianti and its entire province". In 1716
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Many of the producers behind the Super Tuscan movement were originally Chianti producers who were rebelling against what they felt were antiquated DOC regulations. Some of these producers wanted to make Chiantis that were 100%
363:. However, during the same period, a group of ambitious producers began working outside the boundaries of DOC regulations to make what they believed would be a higher-quality wine. These wines eventually became known as the "
130:, which amended its name in 1972. Wines labelled Chianti Classico come from the largest sub-area of Chianti, which includes the original Chianti heartland. Only Chianti from this sub-zone may display the black rooster (
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The Colli Fiorentini subregion has seen an influx of activity and new vineyard development in recent years as wealthy Florentine business people move to the country to plant vineyards and open wineries. Many foreign
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Chianti DOCG, which includes basic level Chianti, as well as that from seven designated sub-zones, and Chianti Classico DOCG. Together, these two Chianti zones produce the largest volume of DOC/G wines in Italy.
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Chianti Classico wines are characterised in their youth by their predominantly floral and cinnamon spicy bouquet. As the wine ages, aromas of tobacco and leather can emerge. Chiantis tend to have medium-high
1138:. Basic level Chianti is often characterised by its juicy fruit notes of cherry, plum and raspberry and can range from simple quaffing wines to those approaching the level of Chianti Classico. Wine expert
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for Chianti Classico are restricted to no more than 7.5 t/ha (3 tonnes per acre). For basic Chianti, the minimum alcohol level is 11.5% with yields restricted to 9 t/ha (4 tonnes per acre).
465:. Any Sangiovese-based wine made according to the Chianti guidelines from these vineyards can be labelled and marked under the basic Chianti DOCG should the producer wish to use the designation.
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can have an influence on the climate, keeping the temperatures slightly cooler, an influence that diminishes further south in the warmer Classico territory towards Castelnuovo Berardenga.
1121:" but the structure of the wines is very different from any French wine. The flexibility in the blending recipe for Chianti accounts for some of the variability in styles among Chiantis.
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as the only officially recognised producers of Chianti. This delineation existed until July 1932, when the Italian government expanded the Chianti zone to include the outlying areas of
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and richest tasting, wines from Gaiole tend to have been characterised by their structure and firm tannins while wines from the Greve area tend to have very concentrated flavours.
319:(DOC) regulation set by the Italian government was based on a loose interpretation of Ricasoli's "recipe", calling for a Sangiovese-based blend with 10–30% Malvasia and Trebbiano.
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1839:
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of his correspondence of the time does not corroborate this. In addition, his efforts were quickly corrupted by other local winemakers (for example, replacing Malvasia with
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Outside of the Chianti Classico area, the wines of the Chianti sub-zone of Rufina are among the most widely recognised and exported from the Chianti region. Located in the
644:, a union of producers in the Chianti Classico subregion. The Consorzio was founded with the aim of promoting the wines of the subregion, improving quality and preventing
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in the east and the Siena hills to the south. Within this regions are vineyards that overlap the DOCG regions of Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and
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region, an area that has a long history of wine production. The area is noted for the cool climate of its elevated vineyards located up to 900 m (2,950 feet). The
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The soil and geography of this subregion can be quite varied, with altitudes ranging from 250 to 610 m (820 to 2,000 feet), and rolling hills producing differing
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that would take Italian vineyard workers and winemakers abroad as immigrants to new lands. Those that stayed behind and replanted choose high-yielding varieties like
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By the 18th century Chianti was widely recognised as a red wine, but the exact composition and grape varieties used to make Chianti at this point is unknown.
615:, the different zones of Chianti Classico have unique characteristics that can be exemplified and perceived in some wines from those areas. According to
1739:
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is now only used by a few makers of the wine; most Chianti is bottled in more standard-shaped wine bottles. In the latter nineteenth century, Baron
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would take its toll on the vineyards of Chianti just as they had ravaged vineyards across the rest of Europe. The chaos and poverty following the
672:), the association of Tuscan winemaers ensuring the quality and authenticity of Chianti wines from different subregions, besides Chianti Classico
622:, Chianti Classico wines from the Castellina area tend to have a very delicate aroma and flavour, Castelnuovo Berardegna wines tend to be the
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By the late 20th century, Chianti was often associated with basic Chianti sold in a squat bottle enclosed in a straw basket, called a
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264:. Subsequent expansions in 1967 would eventually result in the Chianti zone covering a very large area all over central Tuscany.
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The earliest documentation of a "Chianti wine" dates back to the 14th century, when viticulture was known to flourish in the
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Toscano, or relying too heavily on the latter), leading to further misunderstanding of the "Ricasoli formula". In 1967, the
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The Chianti DOCG covers all the Chianti wine and includes a large stretch of land encompassing the western reaches of the
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200:, legislated the first official boundaries of the Chianti region in what is today part of the Chianti Classico DOCG.
28:
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own the majority of the vineyards in Rufina. Chianti from the Rufina area is characterised by its multi-layered
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must be aged at least 24 months at the winery, with a minimum alcohol level of at least 12.5%. The harvest
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Prior to Ricasoli, Canaiolo was emerging as the dominant variety in the Chianti blend with Sangiovese and
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Within the Chianti DOCG there are eight defined sub-zones that are permitted to affix their name to the
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The Chianti region covers a vast area of Tuscany and includes within its boundaries several overlapping
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170:, although Chianti from the Classico sub-area is not allowed in any event to be labelled as Superiore.
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find clues about which grape varieties were popular at the time in the writings of Italian writer
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grape. It was historically associated with a squat bottle enclosed in a straw basket, called a
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as the blend's dominant grape variety, creating the blueprint for today's Chianti wines.
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part of the Colli Fiorentini sub-zone until 2002 when it became its own tiny enclave.
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220:, Grand Duke of Tuscany, issued an edict legislating that the three villages of the
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Chianti Classico are premium Chianti wines that tend to be medium-bodied with firm
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The late 19th century saw a period of economic and political upheaval. First came
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for the Colline Pisane. In 1996 part of the Colli Fiorentini sub-area was renamed
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Classicos must be held back until 1 October in the year following the vintage.
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have been prohibited in Chianti Classico. Chianti Classico must have a minimum
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that the modern Chianti recipe as a Sangiovese-based wine would take shape.
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545:. There are two main soil types in the area: a weathered sandstone known as
341:
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and a 3.2-kilometre-long stretch (2-mile) of hillside north of Greve near
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The production of Chianti Classico is realised under the supervision of
457:, the Florentine hills in the province of Florence to the north, to the
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1794:(in Italian). Ministero delle politiche agricole alimentari e forestali
1238:" and sold bottles dedicated to the Championships with special labels.
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Since 1996 the blend for Chianti and Chianti Classico has been 75–100%
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135:
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Sangiovese. Others wanted the flexibility to experiment with blending
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developed the first "modern" Chianti recipe that was Sangiovese based.
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480:; Montalbano in the north-west part of the zone which includes the
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A bottle of ordinary Tuscan table wine in the kind of traditional
27:
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568:, with the soil gradually becoming harder and stonier with more
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was a widely planted variety in the area along with Sangiovese,
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1901:
1882:
1792:"Disciplinari dei vini DOP e IGP italiani – Disciplinari DOCG"
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and up to 20% of any other approved red grape variety such as
538:
included within the permitted boundaries of Chianti Classico.
2660:
1366:
564:. The soil in the north is richer and more fertile with more
102:
was made in 1716. It described the area near the villages of
1740:"Chianti Classico Makes a Grab for the Super-Premium Market"
1536:, third edition, pp. 162–163, Oxford University Press, 2006
1025:
1343:
1328:
1234:
Chianti Classico was promoted as the "Official wine of the
1840:"Profile of Ellen van Dijk at the 2012 Olympic Games site"
599:. Floral, cherry and light nutty notes are characteristic
1334:
1897:
1811:
1809:
1555:
Chianti Classico: The Search for Tuscany's Noblest Wine
757:. Since 2006, the use of white grape varieties such as
720:" have had a hand in this development, bringing global
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Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy
1713:"What has Gran Selezione done for Chianti? - Decanter"
1652:
1650:
1648:
1369:
1337:
1325:
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Chianti blend and be a strong influence in the wine.
299:. It was not until the work of the Italian statesman
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of at least 12% with a minimum of 7 months aging in
19:
This article is about the wine. For the region, see
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1978:
1935:
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1413:"Chianti: The Myth of the Famous Ricasoli 'Recipe'"
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433:(DOCG) regions. Other well known Sangiovese-based
1689:. Consorzio Vino Chianti Classico. Archived from
1683:"Chianti Classico Gran Selezione: Identity Card"
603:with the wines expressing more notes on the mid-
430:Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita
1762:
1760:
684:, the Rufina region includes much area in the
2676:
1913:
8:
1874:Chianti Superiore Wine Producers Association
1113:notes that Chianti is sometimes called the "
1869:Chianti Classico Wine Producers Association
504:The original area dictated by the edict of
98:The first definition of a wine area called
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2669:
2661:
2166:
1920:
1906:
1898:
1879:
1496:"Chianti: Why Are There Two DOCG Regions?"
700:. The Florentine merchant families of the
208:around Florence. A military league called
1489:
1487:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1615:, pp. 402-411, Ullmann Publishing, 2008
1553:Nesto, Bill; Di Savino, Frances (2016).
1154:
789:
611:than at the front of the mouth. As with
266:
2861:Clarification and stabilization of wine
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1675:
1673:
1398:
1313:
1770:Chianti Classico - thoroughly red now
1381:
7:
1660:pp. 282-286 Dorling Kindersley 2005
1635:pp. 376-379 Workman Publishing 2001
1574:pp. 414-420 Simon and Schuster 1989
1469:M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy
1445:Consorzio del vino Chianti Classico.
424:Denominazione di origine controllata
317:Denominazione di origine controllata
138:, originate in the named provinces:
642:Consorzio del Vino Chianti Classico
68:
773:, while Chianti Classicos labeled
344:and Sangiovese clones such as the
14:
1945:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1658:"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"
1557:. University of California Press.
1236:2013 UCI Road World Championships
2924:
2632:
1842:. Toscana2013.it. Archived from
1359:
1321:
1276:
1262:
1248:
1143:bottle for six to twenty years.
1106:grapes used to make Chianti wine
572:in the south. In the north, the
417:Chianti wine area within Tuscany
16:Regional variety of Italian wine
1473:pp. 147–159 Hungry Minds 2001
1436:Consorzio del Marchio Storico.
692:of the area are predominantly
374:The Italian DOCG Chianti label
336:heralded the beginning of the
1:
2887:Glossary of viticulture terms
1411:Madaio, Mike (2 March 2021).
946:Min. age of vineyards (years)
791:Comparative table of Chianti
500:Chianti Classico premium wine
2892:Glossary of winemaking terms
1738:McCoy, Elin (10 June 2015).
1534:The Oxford Companion to Wine
587:in the Chianti Classico area
443:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
236:) as well as the village of
126:to their names, for example
258:San Casciano in Val di Pesa
2993:
2812:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1572:Vintage: The Story of Wine
876:Max. grape prod. (kg/vine)
635:Consorzio Chianti Classico
633:Black rooster seal of the
463:Vernaccia di San Gimignano
177:
150:for the Colli Aretini and
146:for the Colli Fiorentini,
18:
2920:
2902:History of the wine press
2792:Sparkling wine production
2626:
1895:
1471:Italian Wines for Dummies
1302:Foods containing tyramine
733:Grapes and classification
38:formerly used for Chianti
2897:Wine tasting descriptors
2618:Wine tasting descriptors
2547:Phenolic content in wine
2439:Alternative wine closure
2023:Great French Wine Blight
680:valley near the town of
595:and medium-high to high
387:grape varieties such as
2787:Malolactic fermentation
1775:26 January 2013 at the
981:Min. wine dry extract (
670:Chianti Wine Consortium
57:, principally from the
1817:"Unione Italiana Vini"
1297:Consorzio Vino Chianti
1174:Registered vineyards (
1107:
673:
666:Consorzio Vino Chianti
656:Greater Chianti region
637:
588:
528:Castelnuovo Berardenga
520:Tavarnelle Val di Pesa
501:
453:near the coast of the
439:Brunello di Montalcino
418:
375:
352:region. Following the
276:
201:
142:for the Colli Senesi,
39:
2588:Wine and food pairing
1102:
663:
632:
582:
506:Cosimo III de' Medici
499:
416:
373:
346:Sangiovese di Romagna
308:Malvasia Bianca Lunga
270:
226:Castellina in Chianti
218:Cosimo III de' Medici
198:Grand Duke of Tuscany
194:Cosimo III de' Medici
191:
120:Provincia del Chianti
31:
2957:Geography of Tuscany
2239:Muscat of Alexandria
1846:on 21 September 2013
1024:Min. alcohol cont. (
524:province of Florence
246:Barberino Val d'Elsa
2817:Yeast in winemaking
2769:Carbonic maceration
1687:chianticlassico.com
1157:
1063:Min. aging (months)
795:
620:Mary Ewing-Mulligan
328:phylloxera epidemic
285:Cosimo Villifranchi
206:"Chianti Mountains"
91:) helped establish
2807:Traditional method
2608:Wine personalities
2312:Cabernet Sauvignon
1693:on 22 January 2015
1532:J. Robinson (ed),
1192:Grape production (
1155:
1108:
833:Max. grape prod. (
793:laws of production
790:
747:Cabernet Sauvignon
674:
638:
589:
551:and a bluish-gray
502:
459:province of Arezzo
419:
409:Chianti subregions
389:Cabernet Sauvignon
376:
277:
202:
184:History of Chianti
40:
2944:
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2938:
2937:
2708:Late harvest wine
2658:
2657:
2395:
2394:
2292:Alicante Bouschet
2040:Judgment of Paris
1719:. 23 January 2018
1621:978-3-8331-4611-4
1383:[ˈkjanti]
1227:
1226:
1210:Wine production (
1163:Chianti Superiore
1147:Chianti Superiore
1097:
1096:
718:flying winemakers
585:Gaiole in Chianti
536:province of Siena
513:to the north and
400:. The prices and
287:, who noted that
230:Gaiole in Chianti
168:Chianti Superiore
2984:
2967:Wines of Tuscany
2929:
2928:
2685:
2678:
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2637:
2636:
2552:Proteins in wine
2219:Grüner Veltliner
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1766:Jancis Robinson
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1611:A. Domine (ed.)
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1265:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1230:Special editions
1169:% Ch. Superiore
1158:
1156:2004 production
810:Colli Fiorentini
796:
492:Chianti Classico
451:province of Pisa
354:Second World War
348:from the nearby
338:Italian diaspora
301:Bettino Ricasoli
273:Bettino Ricasoli
234:Radda in Chianti
222:Lega del Chianti
210:Lega del Chianti
180:Chianti (region)
128:Greve in Chianti
116:Lega del Chianti
114:; the so-called
89:Kingdom of Italy
81:Bettino Ricasoli
75:). However, the
70:
49:produced in the
21:Chianti (region)
2992:
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2987:
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2983:
2982:
2981:
2947:
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2945:
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2934:
2931:Wine portal
2923:
2916:
2907:History of wine
2865:
2849:
2821:
2773:
2755:
2736:Deacidification
2722:
2694:
2689:
2659:
2654:
2639:Wine portal
2631:
2622:
2561:
2523:
2428:
2418:
2391:
2278:
2259:Sauvignon blanc
2194:Cayetana blanca
2162:
2160:grape varieties
2153:
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1974:
1931:
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1891:
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1777:Wayback Machine
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178:Main articles:
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2797:Sugars in wine
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2746:Chaptalization
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2557:Sugars in wine
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2529:Wine chemistry
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2307:Cabernet Franc
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2274:Welschriesling
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2229:Müller-Thurgau
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1996:Ancient Greece
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1863:External links
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1829:D.M. 5.08.1996
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1633:The Wine Bible
1624:
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1494:Madaio, Mike.
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1123:Lighter-bodied
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816:Colline Pisane
814:
811:
808:
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799:
734:
731:
712:and elegance.
690:vineyard soils
657:
654:
617:Master of Wine
493:
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455:Tyrrhenian Sea
410:
407:
281:Ampelographers
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85:Prime Minister
51:Chianti region
45:is an Italian
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2401:Major regions
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2357:Montepulciano
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1666:0-7566-1324-8
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1656:T. Stevenson
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2977:Italian DOCG
2922:
2779:Fermentation
2630:
2613:Wine tasting
2234:Muscat blanc
2204:Chenin blanc
2001:Ancient Rome
1850:20 September
1848:. Retrieved
1844:the original
1834:
1825:
1796:. Retrieved
1786:
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1743:
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1716:
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1416:
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1292:Chiantishire
1270:Drink portal
1256:Italy portal
1233:
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813:Colli Senesi
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741:, up to 10%
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664:Logo of the
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2972:Italian DOC
2882:Wine bottle
2854:Other steps
2845:Wine cellar
2802:Süssreserve
2494:Wine cellar
2484:Wine bottle
2425:accessories
2423:Packaging,
2382:Tempranillo
2011:Noah's wine
1991:Phoenicians
1937:Viticulture
1781:5 July 2008
1723:24 November
1631:K. MacNeil
1570:H. Johnson
1505:16 February
1284:Wine portal
1220:106,124,871
1134:and medium
722:viticulture
706:Frescobaldi
682:Pontassieve
526:as well as
398:oak barrels
53:of central
2951:Categories
2761:Maceration
2751:Wine press
2741:Destemming
2692:Winemaking
2598:Wine fraud
2593:Wine fault
2578:Oenophilia
2514:Wine label
2509:Wine glass
2474:Port tongs
2372:Sangiovese
2367:Pinot noir
2327:Douce noir
2254:Rkatsiteli
2199:Chardonnay
2189:Catarratto
2163:by acreage
2137:Biodynamic
2100:Aromatized
1889:winemaking
1697:22 January
1393:References
1202:184,023.10
1104:Sangiovese
828:Superiore
819:Montalbano
739:Sangiovese
710:complexity
646:wine fraud
574:Arno River
532:Poggibonsi
482:Carmignano
470:wine label
427:(DOC) and
242:Spedaluzzo
132:gallo nero
124:in Chianti
118:and later
108:Castellina
93:Sangiovese
67:("flask";
59:Sangiovese
2713:Noble rot
2603:Winemaker
2583:Sommelier
2519:Wine rack
2499:Wine cork
2489:Wine cave
2479:Screw cap
2449:Corkscrew
2414:New World
2409:Old World
2387:Zinfandel
2362:Mourvèdre
2269:Trebbiano
2209:Colombard
2110:Noble rot
2090:Fortified
2068:Sparkling
2035:New World
1744:Bloomberg
1217:1,166,169
1184:25,333.67
763:Trebbiano
624:most ripe
558:known as
556:marlstone
342:Trebbiano
313:Trebbiano
297:Marzemino
250:Chiocchio
2728:Pressing
2650:Glossary
2566:Industry
2459:Jug wine
2454:Decanter
2444:Box wine
2342:Isabella
2337:Grenache
2317:Carignan
2264:Sémillon
2249:Riesling
2244:Palomino
1987:Ancient
1970:Vineyard
1965:Veraison
1950:Oenology
1773:Archived
1717:Decanter
1379:Italian:
1242:See also
1199:1,808.51
1115:Bordeaux
804:Classico
759:Malvasia
743:Canaiolo
702:Antinori
613:Bordeaux
570:albarese
566:galestro
561:galestro
548:alberese
511:Florence
437:such as
381:varietal
289:Canaiolo
254:Robbiano
192:In 1716
144:Florence
47:red wine
2912:Terroir
2870:Related
2718:Vintage
2700:Harvest
2645:Outline
2469:Muselet
2431:storage
2322:Cinsaut
2297:Barbera
2224:Macabeo
2184:Aligoté
2142:Organic
2132:Natural
2085:Dessert
2030:Georgia
1980:History
1960:Terroir
1955:Species
1798:2 April
1749:1 April
1422:6 March
1351:, also
1136:tannins
1132:acidity
776:riserva
597:acidity
593:tannins
534:in the
522:in the
484:DOCG.
350:Romagna
293:Mammolo
174:History
136:Pistoia
100:Chianti
87:of the
83:(later
73:fiaschi
55:Tuscany
43:Chianti
2877:Winery
2840:Solera
2464:Kvevri
2352:Merlot
2347:Malbec
2147:Kosher
2123:Other
2078:Orange
2051:Styles
2018:France
1664:
1639:
1619:
1578:
1540:
1500:Medium
1477:
1417:Medium
1223:1.09%
1205:0.98%
1187:1.18%
1181:297.98
941:4,000
825:Rùfina
801:normal
781:yields
751:Merlot
686:Pomino
609:finish
605:palate
601:aromas
553:chalky
474:Rufina
393:Merlot
385:French
361:fiasco
324:oidium
271:Baron
262:Strada
196:, the
164:grapes
148:Arezzo
104:Gaiole
77:fiasco
64:fiasco
35:fiasco
2827:Aging
2377:Syrah
2332:Gamay
2302:Bobal
2214:Glera
2179:Airén
2171:White
2127:Table
2115:Straw
2105:Fruit
2063:White
2006:China
1885:Wines
1308:Notes
1119:Italy
1058:12.0
938:3,300
935:3,300
932:3,300
929:3,300
926:3,300
923:3,300
920:3,300
917:3,350
914:3,300
755:Syrah
698:chalk
515:Siena
238:Greve
140:Siena
112:Radda
2429:and
2158:Top
2073:Rosé
1929:Wine
1887:and
1852:2013
1800:2014
1751:2020
1725:2018
1699:2015
1662:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1613:Wine
1576:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1507:2021
1475:ISBN
1424:2021
1055:12.0
1052:12.0
1049:11.5
1046:11.5
1043:11.5
1040:12.0
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1034:12.0
1031:11.5
906:2.2
871:7.5
761:and
704:and
696:and
694:marl
678:Arno
607:and
530:and
441:and
391:and
295:and
260:and
232:and
182:and
152:Pisa
110:and
2835:Oak
2284:Red
2095:Ice
2058:Red
1117:of
1019:22
903:4.0
900:4.0
897:4.0
894:4.0
891:4.0
888:4.0
885:4.0
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865:8.0
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753:or
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