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Superiore wines can be produced only from grapes cultivated in the
Chianti wine areas except from those vineyards that are registered in the Chianti Classico sub-zone. Vineyards registered in Chianti sub-zones other than Classico can produce Chianti Superiore wines but must omit the sub-zone name on the label. Aging is calculated from 1 January after the picking. Chianti Superiore cannot be sold to the consumer before nine months of aging, of which three must be in the bottle. Therefore, it cannot be bottled before the June after picking or sold to consumers before the next September.
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487:; Classico in the centre of Chianti, across the provinces of Florence and Siena; Colli Aretini in the Arezzo province to the east; Colli Senesi south of Chianti Classico in the Siena hills, which is the largest of the sub-zones and includes the Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano areas; Colline Pisane, the westernmost sub-zone in the province of Pisa; Montespertoli located within the Colli Fiorentini around the commune of
659:. Since the 1980s, the foundation has sponsored extensive research into the viticultural and winemaking practice of the Chianti Classico area, particularly in the area of clonal research. In the last three decades, more than 50% of the vineyards in the Chianti Classico subregion have been replanted with improved Sangiovese clones and modern vineyard techniques as part of the Consorzio Chianti Classico's project "Chianti 2000".
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483:. Wines that are labelled as simply Chianti are made either from a blend from these sub-zones or include grapes from peripheral areas not within the boundaries of a sub-zone. The sub-zones are (clockwise from the north): the Colli Fiorentini which is located south of the city of Florence; Chianti Rufina in the northeastern part of the zone located around the commune of
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suitability test conducted by authorised laboratories, and after it is approved by a special tasting committee. The creation of the
Chianti Classico Gran Selezione DOCG has been criticized, with some describing it as being "Needless; an extra layer of confusion created by marketing people hoping to help Chianti Classico out of a sales crisis."
367:, the general trend in the world wine market for cheap, easy-drinking wine saw a brief boom for the region. With over-cropping and an emphasis on quantity over quality, the reputation of Chianti among consumers eventually plummeted. By the 1950s, Trebbiano (which is known for its neutral flavours) made up to 30% of many mass-market Chiantis.
223:(League of Chianti) was formed around 1250 between the townships of Castellina, Gaiole and Radda, which would lead to the wine from this area taking on a similar name. In 1398 the earliest-known record notes Chianti as a white wine, though the red wines of Chianti were also discussed around the same time in similar documents.
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notes that these basic everyday-drinking
Chiantis are at their peak drinking qualities often between three and five years after vintage, with premium examples having the potential to age for four to eight years. Well-made examples of Chianti Classico often have the potential to age and improve in the
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As of 2006, there were 318 hectares (786 acres) under production in
Montalbano, 905 ha (2,236 acres) in the Colli Fiorentini, 57 ha (140 acres) in Montespertoli, 740 ha (1,840 acres) in Rufina, 3,550 ha (8,780 acres) in the Colli Senesi, 150 ha (380 acres) in Colline Pisane,
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Chianti
Superiore is an Italian DOCG wine produced in the provinces of Arezzo, Florence, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato and Siena, in Tuscany. Superiore is a specification for wines produced with a stricter rule of production than other Chianti wines. Chianti Superiore has been authorised since 1996. Chianti
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The
Montalbano subregion is located in the shadow of the Carmignano DOCG, with much of the best Sangiovese going to that wine. A similar situation exists in the Colli Senesi which includes the well known DOCG region of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano. Both regions rarely appear on wine labels that are
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playing supporting roles. In the mid-19th century, Ricasoli developed a recipe for
Chianti that was based primarily on Sangiovese. Though he is often credited with creating and disseminating a specific formula (typically reported as 70% Sangiovese, 20% Canaiolo, 10% Malvasia Bianca Lunga), a review
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and wine-making techniques to the Colli
Fiorentini. Located in the hills between the Chianti Classico area and Arno valley, the wines of the Colli Fiorentini vary widely depending on producer, but tend to have a simple structure with strong character and fruit notes. The Montespertoli sub-zone was
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In 2014, a new category of
Chianti Classico was introduced: Chianti Classico Gran Selezione. Gran Selezione is made exclusively from a winery's own grapes grown according to stricter regulations compared to regular Chianti Classico. Gran Selezione is granted to a Chianti Classico after it passes a
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could be bottled and labelled under the most basic designation of "Chianti" if their producers chose to do so. Within the collective
Chianti region more than 8 million cases of wines classified as DOC-level or above are produced each year. Today, most Chianti falls under two major designations of
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would eventually be considered the heart of the modern "Chianti Classico" subregion. As of 2006, there were 7,140 ha (17,640 acres) of vineyards in the Chianti Classico subregion. The Chianti Classico subregion covers an area of approximate 260 km (100 square miles) between the city of
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styles will generally have a higher proportion of white grape varieties blended in, while Chiantis that have only red grape varieties will be fuller and richer. While only 15% of Cabernet Sauvignon is permitted in the blend, the nature of the grape variety can have a dominant personality in the
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The aging for basic Chianti DOCG is much less stringent with most varieties allowed to be released to the market on 1 March following the vintage year. The sub-zones of Colli Fiorentini, Montespertoli and Rufina must be aged for a further three months and not released until 1 June. All Chianti
133:(Chianti province). In 1932 the Chianti area was completely redrawn and divided into seven sub-areas: Classico, Colli Aretini, Colli Fiorentini, Colline Pisane, Colli Senesi, Montalbano and Rùfina. Most of the villages that in 1932 were added to the newly defined Chianti Classico region added
177:. Aged Chianti (at least 6 months in barrel and 3 more in bottle before release, instead of 6 months aging without barreling necessary) may be labelled as Riserva. Chianti that meets more stringent requirements (lower yield, higher alcohol content and dry extract) may be labelled as
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or to not be required to blend in any white grape varieties. The late 20th century saw a flurry of creativity and innovation in the Chianti zones as producers experimented with new grape varieties and introduced modern wine-making techniques such as the use of new
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of some Super Tuscans would regularly eclipse those of DOC-sanctioned Chiantis. The success of the Super Tuscans encouraged government officials to reconsider the DOC regulations in order to bring some of these wines back into the fold labelled as Chianti.
145:) seal on the neck of the bottle, which indicates that the producer of the wine is a member of the Chianti Classico Consortium, the local association of producers. Other variants, with the exception of Rufina north-east of Florence and Montalbano south of
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649 ha (1,603 acres) in the Colli Aretini, and an additional 10,324 ha (25,511 acres) in the peripheral areas that do not fall within one of the sub-zone classifications. Wines produced from these vineyards are labelled simply "Chianti".
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to the south. The four communes of Castellina in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, Greve in Chianti and Radda in Chianti are located entirely within the boundaries of the Classico area with parts of Barberino Val d'Elsa, San Casciano in Val di Pesa and
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During the 1970s producers started to reduce the quantity of white grapes in Chianti. In 1995 it became legal to produce a Chianti with 100% Sangiovese. For a wine to retain the name of Chianti it must be produced with at least 80% Sangiovese
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exported out of Tuscany. The Colli Pisane area produces typical Chiantis with the lightest body and color. The Colli Aretini is a relatively new and emerging area that has seen an influx of investment and new winemaking in recent years.
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The first attempt to classify Chianti wine in any way came in 1427, when Florence developed a tariff system for the wines of the surrounding countryside, including an area referred to as "Chianti and its entire province". In 1716
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Many of the producers behind the Super Tuscan movement were originally Chianti producers who were rebelling against what they felt were antiquated DOC regulations. Some of these producers wanted to make Chiantis that were 100%
374:. However, during the same period, a group of ambitious producers began working outside the boundaries of DOC regulations to make what they believed would be a higher-quality wine. These wines eventually became known as the "
141:, which amended its name in 1972. Wines labelled Chianti Classico come from the largest sub-area of Chianti, which includes the original Chianti heartland. Only Chianti from this sub-zone may display the black rooster (
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The Colli Fiorentini subregion has seen an influx of activity and new vineyard development in recent years as wealthy Florentine business people move to the country to plant vineyards and open wineries. Many foreign
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Chianti DOCG, which includes basic level Chianti, as well as that from seven designated sub-zones, and Chianti Classico DOCG. Together, these two Chianti zones produce the largest volume of DOC/G wines in Italy.
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Chianti Classico wines are characterised in their youth by their predominantly floral and cinnamon spicy bouquet. As the wine ages, aromas of tobacco and leather can emerge. Chiantis tend to have medium-high
1149:. Basic level Chianti is often characterised by its juicy fruit notes of cherry, plum and raspberry and can range from simple quaffing wines to those approaching the level of Chianti Classico. Wine expert
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for Chianti Classico are restricted to no more than 7.5 t/ha (3 tonnes per acre). For basic Chianti, the minimum alcohol level is 11.5% with yields restricted to 9 t/ha (4 tonnes per acre).
476:. Any Sangiovese-based wine made according to the Chianti guidelines from these vineyards can be labelled and marked under the basic Chianti DOCG should the producer wish to use the designation.
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can have an influence on the climate, keeping the temperatures slightly cooler, an influence that diminishes further south in the warmer Classico territory towards Castelnuovo Berardenga.
1132:" but the structure of the wines is very different from any French wine. The flexibility in the blending recipe for Chianti accounts for some of the variability in styles among Chiantis.
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as the only officially recognised producers of Chianti. This delineation existed until July 1932, when the Italian government expanded the Chianti zone to include the outlying areas of
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and richest tasting, wines from Gaiole tend to have been characterised by their structure and firm tannins while wines from the Greve area tend to have very concentrated flavours.
330:(DOC) regulation set by the Italian government was based on a loose interpretation of Ricasoli's "recipe", calling for a Sangiovese-based blend with 10–30% Malvasia and Trebbiano.
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of his correspondence of the time does not corroborate this. In addition, his efforts were quickly corrupted by other local winemakers (for example, replacing Malvasia with
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Outside of the Chianti Classico area, the wines of the Chianti sub-zone of Rufina are among the most widely recognised and exported from the Chianti region. Located in the
655:, a union of producers in the Chianti Classico subregion. The Consorzio was founded with the aim of promoting the wines of the subregion, improving quality and preventing
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in the east and the Siena hills to the south. Within this regions are vineyards that overlap the DOCG regions of Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and
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region, an area that has a long history of wine production. The area is noted for the cool climate of its elevated vineyards located up to 900 m (2,950 feet). The
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The soil and geography of this subregion can be quite varied, with altitudes ranging from 250 to 610 m (820 to 2,000 feet), and rolling hills producing differing
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that would take Italian vineyard workers and winemakers abroad as immigrants to new lands. Those that stayed behind and replanted choose high-yielding varieties like
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By the 18th century Chianti was widely recognised as a red wine, but the exact composition and grape varieties used to make Chianti at this point is unknown.
626:, the different zones of Chianti Classico have unique characteristics that can be exemplified and perceived in some wines from those areas. According to
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is now only used by a few makers of the wine; most Chianti is bottled in more standard-shaped wine bottles. In the latter nineteenth century, Baron
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would take its toll on the vineyards of Chianti just as they had ravaged vineyards across the rest of Europe. The chaos and poverty following the
683:), the association of Tuscan winemaers ensuring the quality and authenticity of Chianti wines from different subregions, besides Chianti Classico
633:, Chianti Classico wines from the Castellina area tend to have a very delicate aroma and flavour, Castelnuovo Berardegna wines tend to be the
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By the late 20th century, Chianti was often associated with basic Chianti sold in a squat bottle enclosed in a straw basket, called a
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275:. Subsequent expansions in 1967 would eventually result in the Chianti zone covering a very large area all over central Tuscany.
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The earliest documentation of a "Chianti wine" dates back to the 14th century, when viticulture was known to flourish in the
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Toscano, or relying too heavily on the latter), leading to further misunderstanding of the "Ricasoli formula". In 1967, the
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The Chianti DOCG covers all the Chianti wine and includes a large stretch of land encompassing the western reaches of the
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own the majority of the vineyards in Rufina. Chianti from the Rufina area is characterised by its multi-layered
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must be aged at least 24 months at the winery, with a minimum alcohol level of at least 12.5%. The harvest
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Prior to Ricasoli, Canaiolo was emerging as the dominant variety in the Chianti blend with Sangiovese and
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Within the Chianti DOCG there are eight defined sub-zones that are permitted to affix their name to the
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The Chianti region covers a vast area of Tuscany and includes within its boundaries several overlapping
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find clues about which grape varieties were popular at the time in the writings of Italian writer
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grape. It was historically associated with a squat bottle enclosed in a straw basket, called a
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as the blend's dominant grape variety, creating the blueprint for today's Chianti wines.
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part of the Colli Fiorentini sub-zone until 2002 when it became its own tiny enclave.
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Chianti Classico are premium Chianti wines that tend to be medium-bodied with firm
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The late 19th century saw a period of economic and political upheaval. First came
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for the Colline Pisane. In 1996 part of the Colli Fiorentini sub-area was renamed
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Classicos must be held back until 1 October in the year following the vintage.
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have been prohibited in Chianti Classico. Chianti Classico must have a minimum
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that the modern Chianti recipe as a Sangiovese-based wine would take shape.
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556:. There are two main soil types in the area: a weathered sandstone known as
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and a 3.2-kilometre-long stretch (2-mile) of hillside north of Greve near
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The production of Chianti Classico is realised under the supervision of
468:, the Florentine hills in the province of Florence to the north, to the
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1805:(in Italian). Ministero delle politiche agricole alimentari e forestali
1249:" and sold bottles dedicated to the Championships with special labels.
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Since 1996 the blend for Chianti and Chianti Classico has been 75–100%
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Sangiovese. Others wanted the flexibility to experiment with blending
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developed the first "modern" Chianti recipe that was Sangiovese based.
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491:; Montalbano in the north-west part of the zone which includes the
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A bottle of ordinary Tuscan table wine in the kind of traditional
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was a widely planted variety in the area along with Sangiovese,
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1803:"Disciplinari dei vini DOP e IGP italiani – Disciplinari DOCG"
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and up to 20% of any other approved red grape variety such as
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included within the permitted boundaries of Chianti Classico.
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1377:
575:. The soil in the north is richer and more fertile with more
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was made in 1716. It described the area near the villages of
1751:"Chianti Classico Makes a Grab for the Super-Premium Market"
1547:, third edition, pp. 162–163, Oxford University Press, 2006
1036:
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1339:
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Chianti Classico was promoted as the "Official wine of the
1851:"Profile of Ellen van Dijk at the 2012 Olympic Games site"
610:. Floral, cherry and light nutty notes are characteristic
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1908:
1822:
1820:
1566:
Chianti Classico: The Search for Tuscany's Noblest Wine
768:. Since 2006, the use of white grape varieties such as
731:" have had a hand in this development, bringing global
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Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy
1724:"What has Gran Selezione done for Chianti? - Decanter"
1663:
1661:
1659:
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Chianti blend and be a strong influence in the wine.
310:. It was not until the work of the Italian statesman
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of at least 12% with a minimum of 7 months aging in
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This article is about the wine. For the region, see
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1424:"Chianti: The Myth of the Famous Ricasoli 'Recipe'"
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1616:
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444:(DOCG) regions. Other well known Sangiovese-based
1700:. Consorzio Vino Chianti Classico. Archived from
1694:"Chianti Classico Gran Selezione: Identity Card"
614:with the wines expressing more notes on the mid-
441:Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita
1773:
1771:
695:, the Rufina region includes much area in the
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1924:
8:
1885:Chianti Superiore Wine Producers Association
1124:notes that Chianti is sometimes called the "
1880:Chianti Classico Wine Producers Association
515:The original area dictated by the edict of
109:The first definition of a wine area called
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2177:
1931:
1917:
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1507:"Chianti: Why Are There Two DOCG Regions?"
711:. The Florentine merchant families of the
219:around Florence. A military league called
1500:
1498:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1626:, pp. 402-411, Ullmann Publishing, 2008
1564:Nesto, Bill; Di Savino, Frances (2016).
1165:
800:
622:than at the front of the mouth. As with
277:
2872:Clarification and stabilization of wine
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1686:
1684:
1409:
1324:
1781:Chianti Classico - thoroughly red now
1392:
7:
1671:pp. 282-286 Dorling Kindersley 2005
1646:pp. 376-379 Workman Publishing 2001
1585:pp. 414-420 Simon and Schuster 1989
1480:M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy
1456:Consorzio del vino Chianti Classico.
435:Denominazione di origine controllata
328:Denominazione di origine controllata
149:, originate in the named provinces:
653:Consorzio del Vino Chianti Classico
79:
784:, while Chianti Classicos labeled
355:and Sangiovese clones such as the
25:
1956:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1669:"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"
1568:. University of California Press.
1247:2013 UCI Road World Championships
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2643:
1853:. Toscana2013.it. Archived from
1370:
1332:
1287:
1273:
1259:
1154:bottle for six to twenty years.
1117:grapes used to make Chianti wine
583:in the south. In the north, the
428:Chianti wine area within Tuscany
27:Regional variety of Italian wine
1484:pp. 147–159 Hungry Minds 2001
1447:Consorzio del Marchio Storico.
703:of the area are predominantly
385:The Italian DOCG Chianti label
347:heralded the beginning of the
1:
2898:Glossary of viticulture terms
1422:Madaio, Mike (2 March 2021).
957:Min. age of vineyards (years)
802:Comparative table of Chianti
511:Chianti Classico premium wine
2903:Glossary of winemaking terms
1749:McCoy, Elin (10 June 2015).
1545:The Oxford Companion to Wine
598:in the Chianti Classico area
454:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
247:) as well as the village of
137:to their names, for example
269:San Casciano in Val di Pesa
3004:
2823:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1583:Vintage: The Story of Wine
887:Max. grape prod. (kg/vine)
646:Consorzio Chianti Classico
644:Black rooster seal of the
474:Vernaccia di San Gimignano
188:
161:for the Colli Aretini and
157:for the Colli Fiorentini,
29:
2931:
2913:History of the wine press
2803:Sparkling wine production
2637:
1906:
1482:Italian Wines for Dummies
1313:Foods containing tyramine
744:Grapes and classification
49:formerly used for Chianti
2908:Wine tasting descriptors
2629:Wine tasting descriptors
2558:Phenolic content in wine
2450:Alternative wine closure
2034:Great French Wine Blight
691:valley near the town of
606:and medium-high to high
398:grape varieties such as
2798:Malolactic fermentation
1786:26 January 2013 at the
992:Min. wine dry extract (
681:Chianti Wine Consortium
68:, principally from the
1828:"Unione Italiana Vini"
1308:Consorzio Vino Chianti
1185:Registered vineyards (
1118:
684:
677:Consorzio Vino Chianti
667:Greater Chianti region
648:
599:
539:Castelnuovo Berardenga
531:Tavarnelle Val di Pesa
512:
464:near the coast of the
450:Brunello di Montalcino
429:
386:
363:region. Following the
287:
212:
153:for the Colli Senesi,
50:
2599:Wine and food pairing
1113:
674:
643:
593:
517:Cosimo III de' Medici
510:
427:
384:
357:Sangiovese di Romagna
319:Malvasia Bianca Lunga
281:
237:Castellina in Chianti
229:Cosimo III de' Medici
209:Grand Duke of Tuscany
205:Cosimo III de' Medici
202:
131:Provincia del Chianti
42:
2968:Geography of Tuscany
2250:Muscat of Alexandria
1857:on 21 September 2013
1035:Min. alcohol cont. (
535:province of Florence
257:Barberino Val d'Elsa
2828:Yeast in winemaking
2780:Carbonic maceration
1698:chianticlassico.com
1168:
1074:Min. aging (months)
806:
631:Mary Ewing-Mulligan
339:phylloxera epidemic
296:Cosimo Villifranchi
217:"Chianti Mountains"
102:) helped establish
2818:Traditional method
2619:Wine personalities
2323:Cabernet Sauvignon
1704:on 22 January 2015
1543:J. Robinson (ed),
1203:Grape production (
1166:
1119:
844:Max. grape prod. (
804:laws of production
801:
758:Cabernet Sauvignon
685:
649:
600:
562:and a bluish-gray
513:
470:province of Arezzo
430:
420:Chianti subregions
400:Cabernet Sauvignon
387:
288:
213:
195:History of Chianti
51:
2955:
2954:
2949:
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2719:Late harvest wine
2669:
2668:
2406:
2405:
2303:Alicante Bouschet
2051:Judgment of Paris
1730:. 23 January 2018
1632:978-3-8331-4611-4
1394:[ˈkjanti]
1238:
1237:
1221:Wine production (
1174:Chianti Superiore
1158:Chianti Superiore
1108:
1107:
729:flying winemakers
596:Gaiole in Chianti
547:province of Siena
524:to the north and
411:. The prices and
298:, who noted that
241:Gaiole in Chianti
179:Chianti Superiore
16:(Redirected from
2995:
2978:Wines of Tuscany
2940:
2939:
2696:
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2647:
2563:Proteins in wine
2230:Grüner Veltliner
2178:
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1777:Jancis Robinson
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1622:A. Domine (ed.)
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1278:
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1276:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1241:Special editions
1180:% Ch. Superiore
1169:
1167:2004 production
821:Colli Fiorentini
807:
503:Chianti Classico
462:province of Pisa
365:Second World War
359:from the nearby
349:Italian diaspora
312:Bettino Ricasoli
284:Bettino Ricasoli
245:Radda in Chianti
233:Lega del Chianti
221:Lega del Chianti
191:Chianti (region)
139:Greve in Chianti
127:Lega del Chianti
125:; the so-called
100:Kingdom of Italy
92:Bettino Ricasoli
86:). However, the
81:
60:produced in the
32:Chianti (region)
21:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2942:Wine portal
2934:
2927:
2918:History of wine
2876:
2860:
2832:
2784:
2766:
2747:Deacidification
2733:
2705:
2700:
2670:
2665:
2650:Wine portal
2642:
2633:
2572:
2534:
2439:
2429:
2402:
2289:
2270:Sauvignon blanc
2205:Cayetana blanca
2173:
2171:grape varieties
2164:
2057:
1985:
1942:
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1876:
1871:
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1788:Wayback Machine
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189:Main articles:
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2808:Sugars in wine
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2757:Chaptalization
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2568:Sugars in wine
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2540:Wine chemistry
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2285:Welschriesling
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2240:Müller-Thurgau
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2007:Ancient Greece
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1874:External links
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1842:
1840:D.M. 5.08.1996
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1816:
1794:
1767:
1741:
1715:
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1644:The Wine Bible
1635:
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1523:
1505:Madaio, Mike.
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827:Colline Pisane
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810:
745:
742:
723:and elegance.
701:vineyard soils
668:
665:
628:Master of Wine
504:
501:
466:Tyrrhenian Sea
421:
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292:Ampelographers
186:
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96:Prime Minister
62:Chianti region
56:is an Italian
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1677:0-7566-1324-8
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337:and then the
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2988:Italian DOCG
2933:
2790:Fermentation
2641:
2624:Wine tasting
2245:Muscat blanc
2215:Chenin blanc
2012:Ancient Rome
1861:20 September
1859:. Retrieved
1855:the original
1845:
1836:
1807:. Retrieved
1797:
1778:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1702:the original
1697:
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1638:
1623:
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1559:
1544:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:
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1431:. Retrieved
1427:
1327:
1303:Chiantishire
1281:Drink portal
1267:Italy portal
1244:
1161:
1139:
1120:
824:Colli Senesi
803:
796:
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752:, up to 10%
747:
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675:Logo of the
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439:
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413:wine ratings
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344:Risorgimento
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18:Chianti wine
2983:Italian DOC
2893:Wine bottle
2865:Other steps
2856:Wine cellar
2813:Süssreserve
2505:Wine cellar
2495:Wine bottle
2436:accessories
2434:Packaging,
2393:Tempranillo
2022:Noah's wine
2002:Phoenicians
1948:Viticulture
1792:5 July 2008
1734:24 November
1642:K. MacNeil
1581:H. Johnson
1516:16 February
1295:Wine portal
1231:106,124,871
1145:and medium
733:viticulture
717:Frescobaldi
693:Pontassieve
537:as well as
409:oak barrels
64:of central
2962:Categories
2772:Maceration
2762:Wine press
2752:Destemming
2703:Winemaking
2609:Wine fraud
2604:Wine fault
2589:Oenophilia
2525:Wine label
2520:Wine glass
2485:Port tongs
2383:Sangiovese
2378:Pinot noir
2338:Douce noir
2265:Rkatsiteli
2210:Chardonnay
2200:Catarratto
2174:by acreage
2148:Biodynamic
2111:Aromatized
1900:winemaking
1708:22 January
1404:References
1213:184,023.10
1115:Sangiovese
839:Superiore
830:Montalbano
750:Sangiovese
721:complexity
657:wine fraud
585:Arno River
543:Poggibonsi
493:Carmignano
481:wine label
438:(DOC) and
253:Spedaluzzo
143:gallo nero
135:in Chianti
129:and later
119:Castellina
104:Sangiovese
78:("flask";
70:Sangiovese
2724:Noble rot
2614:Winemaker
2594:Sommelier
2530:Wine rack
2510:Wine cork
2500:Wine cave
2490:Screw cap
2460:Corkscrew
2425:New World
2420:Old World
2398:Zinfandel
2373:Mourvèdre
2280:Trebbiano
2220:Colombard
2121:Noble rot
2101:Fortified
2079:Sparkling
2046:New World
1755:Bloomberg
1228:1,166,169
1195:25,333.67
774:Trebbiano
635:most ripe
569:known as
567:marlstone
353:Trebbiano
324:Trebbiano
308:Marzemino
261:Chiocchio
2739:Pressing
2661:Glossary
2577:Industry
2470:Jug wine
2465:Decanter
2455:Box wine
2353:Isabella
2348:Grenache
2328:Carignan
2275:Sémillon
2260:Riesling
2255:Palomino
1998:Ancient
1981:Vineyard
1976:Veraison
1961:Oenology
1784:Archived
1728:Decanter
1390:Italian:
1253:See also
1210:1,808.51
1126:Bordeaux
815:Classico
770:Malvasia
754:Canaiolo
713:Antinori
624:Bordeaux
581:albarese
577:galestro
572:galestro
559:alberese
522:Florence
448:such as
392:varietal
300:Canaiolo
265:Robbiano
203:In 1716
155:Florence
58:red wine
2923:Terroir
2881:Related
2729:Vintage
2711:Harvest
2656:Outline
2480:Muselet
2442:storage
2333:Cinsaut
2308:Barbera
2235:Macabeo
2195:Aligoté
2153:Organic
2143:Natural
2096:Dessert
2041:Georgia
1991:History
1971:Terroir
1966:Species
1809:2 April
1760:1 April
1433:6 March
1362:, also
1147:tannins
1143:acidity
787:riserva
608:acidity
604:tannins
545:in the
533:in the
495:DOCG.
361:Romagna
304:Mammolo
185:History
147:Pistoia
111:Chianti
98:of the
94:(later
84:fiaschi
66:Tuscany
54:Chianti
2888:Winery
2851:Solera
2475:Kvevri
2363:Merlot
2358:Malbec
2158:Kosher
2134:Other
2089:Orange
2062:Styles
2029:France
1675:
1650:
1630:
1589:
1551:
1511:Medium
1488:
1428:Medium
1234:1.09%
1216:0.98%
1198:1.18%
1192:297.98
952:4,000
836:Rùfina
812:normal
792:yields
762:Merlot
697:Pomino
620:finish
616:palate
612:aromas
564:chalky
485:Rufina
404:Merlot
396:French
372:fiasco
335:oidium
282:Baron
273:Strada
207:, the
175:grapes
159:Arezzo
115:Gaiole
88:fiasco
75:fiasco
46:fiasco
2838:Aging
2388:Syrah
2343:Gamay
2313:Bobal
2225:Glera
2190:Airén
2182:White
2138:Table
2126:Straw
2116:Fruit
2074:White
2017:China
1896:Wines
1319:Notes
1130:Italy
1069:12.0
949:3,300
946:3,300
943:3,300
940:3,300
937:3,300
934:3,300
931:3,300
928:3,350
925:3,300
766:Syrah
709:chalk
526:Siena
249:Greve
151:Siena
123:Radda
2440:and
2169:Top
2084:Rosé
1940:Wine
1898:and
1863:2013
1811:2014
1762:2020
1736:2018
1710:2015
1673:ISBN
1648:ISBN
1628:ISBN
1624:Wine
1587:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1518:2021
1486:ISBN
1435:2021
1066:12.0
1063:12.0
1060:11.5
1057:11.5
1054:11.5
1051:12.0
1048:11.5
1045:12.0
1042:11.5
917:2.2
882:7.5
772:and
715:and
707:and
705:marl
689:Arno
618:and
541:and
452:and
402:and
306:and
271:and
243:and
193:and
163:Pisa
121:and
2846:Oak
2295:Red
2106:Ice
2069:Red
1128:of
1030:22
914:4.0
911:4.0
908:4.0
905:4.0
902:4.0
899:4.0
896:4.0
893:3.0
890:4.0
879:8.0
876:8.0
873:8.0
870:8.0
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864:8.0
861:8.0
858:7.5
855:9.0
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764:or
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