325:), that the translators who supplied King Hákon's court and others in Norway and Iceland who enjoyed such sagas offered an independent rewriting of their sources. It is notable that they did not convey a number of key aspects of Chrétien's somewhat ironic perspective on courtly society. This may well be because most of the translators were probably clerics, but it is also likely to reflect traditional Norse tastes and narrative conventions. In particular, most elements of explicit eroticism have been deleted from the
1450:
329:, as have much comedy and irony in the treatment of the protagonists' behaviour. Instead, the narratives are largely exemplary and didactic, in large part because the Scandinavian translators refrained from using two essential narrative devices of their sources, namely the internal monologue, which conveyed the private thoughts and feelings of the characters, and the intrusive involvement of the narrator, which was a vehicle for conveying a nuanced and often ironic point of view.
339:
in the 1260s, and the consequent need for
Icelandic ecclesiastical and secular elites to explore Icelanders' new identities as vassals to a king. These new political formations particularly affected the marriage market for elite Icelanders, making gender politics a central theme of many romances. One seminal composition, directly or indirectly influential on many subsequent sagas, seems to have been
297:... covers what were a number of genres in Latin, French and Anglo-Norman, but common to all of them are their courtly setting, their interest in kingship, and their concerns with the ethics of chivalry and courtly love. It seems, however, from a comparison between the French originals and the Old Norse translations of courtly romances, such as Chrétien de Troyes'
20:
338:
Inspired by translated
Continental romances, Icelanders began enthusiastically composing their own romance-sagas, apparently around the later thirteenth century, with the genre flourishing from the fourteenth century. The rise of the genre has been associated with Iceland coming under Norwegian rule
1476:
Nordiska kämpa dater: I en sagoflock samlade om forna kongar och hjältar. Volumen historicum, continens variorum in orbe hyperboreo antiquo regum, heroum et pugilum res praeclare et mirabiliter gestas. Accessit praeter conspectum genealogicum
Suethicorum regum et reginarum accuratissimum etiam
72:
The production of chivalric sagas in
Scandinavia was focused on Norway in the thirteenth century and then Iceland in the fourteenth. Vernacular Danish and Swedish romances came to prominence rather later and were generally in verse; the most famous of these are the
373:
Particularly during the eighteenth century, some chivalric sagas were taken to be useful historical sources for the history of Sweden and
Denmark, underpinning their imperial aspirations, and were printed in these countries. One prominent example is
99:
where there is a reference to "Frásagnir...svo sem...Þiðreks saga, Flóvenz saga eðr aðrar riddarasögur", "narratives such as the saga of Þiðrekr, the saga of Flóvent, or other knights' sagas". Another technical term sometimes encountered is
1216:
Romance sagas continued to be composed in
Iceland after the Middle Ages in the tradition of the medieval texts; ten are believed to have been penned, for example, by the priest
352:
found in France, but which is now thought to have been composed by Jón from scratch. Jón's work seems to have been one of the inspirations for the fourteenth-century
1971:
1005:
211:
and his twelve paladins and drawing on historiographical material as well as chansons de geste. Other works believed to derive from French originals are
389:
The most comprehensive guide to the manuscripts, editions, translations, and secondary literature of this body of sagas is
Kalinke and Mitchell's 1985
1754:
40:(literally 'sagas of knights', also known in English as 'chivalric sagas', 'romance-sagas', 'knights' sagas', 'sagas of chivalry') are Norse prose
1695:
61:
were widely read in
Iceland for many centuries they have traditionally been regarded as popular literature inferior in artistic quality to the
1413:; cf. Marianne Kalinke, 'Clári saga: A Case of Low German Infiltration', Scripta Islandica: Isländska sällskapets ärbok, 59 (2008), pp. 5-25.
2041:
1075:
148:, is similarly attributed to an Abbot Robert, presumably the same man having been promoted within his order. King Hákon also commissioned
1400:
353:
1684:
1628:
1613:
2248:
1295:
621:
364:
Chivalric sagas remained in widespread manuscript circulation in
Iceland into the twentieth century. They were often reworked as
1425:"Making Stemmas with Small Samples, and Digital Approaches to Publishing them: Testing the Stemma of Konráðs saga keisarasonar"
2027:
1890:
1820:
1061:
540:
124:
of Norway, and seem to have been part of a programme of
Europeanisation. The earliest dated work is a 1226 translation by one
2104:
1141:
346:
1598:
The Unwashed Children of Eve: The Production, Dissemination and Reception of Popular Literature in Post-Reformation Iceland
2076:
1113:
572:
1785:
469:
2206:
1862:
1247:
170:
45:
2097:
1217:
1134:
2220:
1999:
1950:
1747:
1263:
1033:
984:
370:, and new chivalric sagas in the same mould as medieval ones continued to be composed into the nineteenth century.
282:
2255:
1303:
884:
2160:
2146:
1197:
1183:
506:
264:
2344:
2213:
2132:
1740:
1255:
1169:
2241:
2111:
1287:
1148:
2234:
1279:
2090:
2069:
2062:
1806:
1492:
Grossmachtstatus und Sagainterpretation - die schwedischen Vorzeitsagaeditionen des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts
1220:(1749-1835). There are thought to be about 150 post-medieval examples. The following is an incomplete list:
1127:
1096:
546:
54:
and Latin romances and histories, the genre expanded in Iceland to indigenous creations in a similar style.
2118:
1449:
1155:
19:
2153:
1992:
1190:
1026:
375:
356:
which, while most clearly associated with religious writing, also seems to have involved romance-writing.
2276:
2227:
2199:
2167:
2125:
1326:
1271:
1240:
1204:
1162:
593:
156:
121:
2262:
1855:
1311:
2192:
1232:
349:
165:
844:
423:
416:
2006:
1725:
1040:
635:
66:
62:
2139:
1578:
1176:
77:, themselves predominantly translations of Norwegian translations of Continental European romances.
2313:
2034:
1957:
1929:
1841:
1827:
1068:
991:
963:
852:
580:
518:
478:
474:
249:
203:
95:
23:
2269:
1319:
409:
2298:
2083:
1490:
1120:
764:
605:
120:
The first known Old Norse translations of European romances occurred under the patronage of king
1922:
1897:
956:
925:
270:
1539:, Europäische Hochschulschriften, series 1, 447 (Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1981); Jürg Glauser,
2293:
1717:
1696:"Translation in Medieval and Reformation Norway: A History of Stories or the Story of History"
1680:
1624:
1609:
931:
915:
558:
397:
276:
133:
50:
2318:
1707:
1436:
492:
140:, is especially valuable since the original Old French poem is only preserved in fragments.
2308:
1778:
944:
The following is a probably complete list of original medieval Icelandic chivalric sagas.
876:
708:
455:
232:
181:
2303:
2048:
1943:
1936:
1883:
1848:
1082:
977:
970:
894:
587:
150:
27:
1869:
1799:
629:
532:
500:
258:
244:
125:
109:
74:
2338:
2020:
2013:
1834:
1054:
1047:
566:
341:
1543:, Beiträge zue nordischen Philologie, 12 (Basel: Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 1983); (
1541:
Isländische Märchensagas: Studien zur Prosaliteratur im spätmittelalterlichen Island
1411:. Islandica. Vol. 54. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Library. pp. 135–164.
289:
These Old Norse translations have been characterised by Margaret Clunies Ross thus:
1978:
1915:
1876:
1012:
949:
643:
176:
404:, since when the main monograph studies of the genre have been Astrid van Nahl's
187:
Works in similar style, which may also have been commissioned by King Hákon, are
2323:
2055:
1964:
1668:
Flesh and word: reading bodies in old norse-icelandic and early irish literature
1655:
1089:
998:
461:
345:, whose prologue states that it was translated from a Latin metrical work which
238:
208:
1985:
1792:
1019:
900:
800:
732:
696:
660:
486:
41:
1721:
1813:
1495:(PhD thesis) (in German). Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
672:
526:
197:
1551:, The Viking Collection, 21 (: University Press of Southern Denmark, 2014).
684:
756:
744:
366:
65:
and other indigenous genres. Receiving little attention from scholars of
864:
836:
812:
720:
48:. Starting in the thirteenth century with Norse translations of French
1583:
2185:
1712:
1225:
776:
1549:
The Bookish Riddarasögur: Writing Romance in Late Mediaeval Iceland
1441:
1424:
1732:
1642:. Islandica. Vol. 46. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
824:
788:
18:
1736:
1604:
Driscoll, Matthew (2005). "Late Prose Fiction (lygisögur)" in
1506:
1504:
1502:
1651:. Islandica. Vol. 44. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1559:
1557:
1537:
Originale Riddarasögur als Teil altnordischer Sagaliteratur
406:
Originale Riddarasögur als Teil altnordischer Sagaliteratur
1700:
Meta: Journal des traducteurs / Meta: Translators' Journal
1409:
Romance and Love in Late Medieval and Early Modern Iceland
1374:
The Cambridge Introduction to the Old Norse-Icelandic Saga
1621:
A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture
1606:
A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture
1619:
Glauser, Jürg (2005). "Romance" [riddarasögur].
207:
is a compilation of more disparate origin, dealing with
1387:
Women in Old Norse Literature: Bodies, Words, and Power
1389:(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), esp. pp. 5, 116.
1376:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 81.
1356:
1354:
201:, all derived from the works of Chrétien de Troyes.
2286:
2177:
1907:
1770:
1662:(5 vols.) Den Arnamagnæanske Komission. Copenhagen.
108:), "lie sagas", applied to fictional chivalric and
1579:Riddarasögur: Texts, Translations, and Scholarship
396:The genre received a fairly substantial survey in
286:is unusual in having been translated from German.
230:Pseudo-historical works translated from Latin are
1584:Chivalric tales in old Norse at Heimskringla.no
1510:
1647:Kalinke, Marianne E.; Mitchell, P. M. (1985).
1748:
8:
2249:Sagan af Reimari keisara og Fal hinum sterka
1649:Bibliography of Old Norse–Icelandic Romances
1296:Sagan af Reimari keisara og Fal hinum sterka
940:Composed in Icelandic during the Middle Ages
444:Bibliography of Old Norse-Icelandic Romances
391:Bibliography of Old Norse-Icelandic Romances
1212:Composed in Icelandic after the Middle Ages
1755:
1741:
1733:
1623:. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 372–387.
1407:. In Kirsten Wolf; Johanna Denzin (eds.).
1711:
1440:
180:, a collection of ballads principally by
1640:Bridal-Quest Romance in Medieval Iceland
1608:pp. 190–204. Blackwell Publishing.
1563:
1462:
420:Bridal-Quest Romance in Medieval Iceland
1544:
1479:(Stockholm: Typis Joh. L. Horrn, 1737).
1423:Hall, Alaric; Parsons, Katelin (2013).
1345:
1338:
16:Norse prose sagas of the romance genre
1360:
7:
1526:(London: Allen & Unwin, 1934).
354:North Icelandic Benedictine School
30:; A key patron of chivalric sagas.
14:
2042:Melkólfs saga ok Solomons konungs
1863:Parcevals saga and Valvens þáttr
1677:A History of Norwegian Literature
1076:Melkólfs saga ok Solomons konungs
2207:Sagan af Bernótus Borneyjarkappa
1972:Flóres saga konungs ok sona hans
1679:. University of Nebraska Press.
1660:Late medieval Icelandic romances
1448:
1248:Sagan af Bernótus Borneyjarkappa
1006:Flóres saga konungs ok sona hans
1600:. Enfield Lock: Hisarlik Press.
1385:Jóhanna Katrín Friðriksdóttir,
446:lists the following translated
1:
2221:Sagan af Ketlerus keisaraefni
1694:Rasmussen, Elizabeth (2004).
1638:Kalinke, Marianne E. (1990).
1264:Sagan af Ketlerus keisaraefni
2256:Sagan af Rígabal og Alkanusi
1304:Sagan af Rígabal og Alkanusi
885:Tveggia elskanda strengleikr
69:, many remain untranslated.
2105:Sigrgarðs saga ok Valbrands
1511:Kalinke & Mitchell 1985
1399:Shaun F. D. Hughes (2008).
1142:Sigrgarðs saga ok Valbrands
1105:(now lost, known only from
622:Perceval, le Conte du Graal
573:Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion
280:). Also pseudo-historical,
2361:
2077:Rémundar saga keisarasonar
2000:Jarlmanns saga ok Hermanns
1596:Driscoll, Matthew (1997).
1315:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1307:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1299:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1291:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1283:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1275:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1267:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1259:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1251:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1236:(by Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín)
1114:Rémundar saga keisarasonar
1034:Jarlmanns saga ok Hermanns
2214:Sagan af Hinriki heilráða
2133:Tristrams saga ok Ísoddar
2028:Konráðs saga keisarasonar
1891:Tristrams saga ok Ísöndar
1821:Flóres saga ok Blankiflúr
1675:Naess, Harald S. (1993).
1405:as an Indigenous Romance"
1256:Sagan af Hinriki heilráða
1170:Tristrams saga ok Ísoddar
1062:Konráðs saga keisarasonar
912:Tristrams saga ok Ísöndar
541:Flóres saga ok Blankiflúr
507:Historia Regum Britanniae
438:Translated into Old Norse
265:Historia Regum Britanniae
217:Flóres saga ok Blankiflúr
138:Tristrams saga ok Ísöndar
2242:Sagan af Natoni persíska
1288:Sagan af Natoni persíska
427:The Bookish Riddarasögur
413:Isländische Märchensagas
2235:Sagan af Marroni sterka
2091:Saulus saga ok Nikanors
1666:Künzler, Sarah (2016).
1372:Margaret Clunies Ross,
1280:Sagan af Marroni sterka
1128:Saulus saga ok Nikanors
442:Kalinke and Mitchell's
433:List of chivalric sagas
360:Post-medieval reception
2161:Vilmundar saga viðutan
2147:Viktors saga ok Blávus
1993:Hrings saga ok Tryggva
1807:Elis saga ok Rósamundu
1786:Amícus saga ok Amilíus
1198:Vilmundar saga viðutan
1184:Viktors saga ok Blávus
1107:Reinalds rímur og Rósu
1027:Hrings saga ok Tryggva
514:Elis saga ok Rósamundu
470:Amícus saga ok Amilíus
245:Amícus saga ok Amilíus
142:Elis saga ok Rósamundu
136:. The Old Norse work,
31:
2263:Sarpidons saga sterka
2119:Sigurðar saga turnara
2098:Sigrgarðs saga frœkna
1908:Original compositions
1856:Pamphilus ok Galathea
1547:); Geraldine Barnes,
1474:Erik Julius Biörner,
1312:Sarpidons saga sterka
1218:Jón Oddsson Hjaltalín
1156:Sigurðar saga turnara
1135:Sigrgarðs saga frœkna
872:Tveggja elskanda ljóð
601:Pamphilus ok Galathea
547:Floire et Blanchiflor
475:Vincent of Beauvais's
376:Erik Julius Biörner's
334:Original compositions
22:
2154:Vilhjálms saga sjóðs
2063:Nikulás saga leikara
1951:Dínus saga drambláta
1191:Vilhjálms saga sjóðs
1097:Nikulás saga leikara
985:Dínus saga drambláta
636:Partonopeus de Blois
379:Nordiska kämpa dater
283:Þiðreks saga af Bern
144:, a translation of
67:Old Norse literature
2314:Sagas of Icelanders
2277:Úlfs saga Uggasonar
2228:Sagan af Mána fróða
2200:Jasonar saga bjarta
2178:Post-medieval sagas
2126:Sigurðar saga þögla
1522:Margaret Schlauch,
1429:Digital Medievalist
1327:Úlfs saga Uggasonar
1272:Sagan af Mána fróða
1241:Jasonar saga bjarta
1163:Sigurðar saga þögla
916:Thomas of Britain's
594:La mantel mautaillé
519:Elie de Saint-Gille
479:Speculum historiale
398:Margaret Schlauch's
293:The Old Norse term
254:Speculum historiale
250:Vincent of Beauvais
157:Le mantel mautaillé
154:, an adaptation of
146:Elie de Saint Gille
24:Haakon IV of Norway
2299:Contemporary sagas
2112:Sigurðar saga fóts
2084:Samsons saga fagra
1524:Romance in Iceland
1489:Kay Busch (2002).
1149:Sigurðar saga fóts
1121:Samsons saga fagra
606:Pamphilus de amore
424:Geraldine Barnes's
417:Marianne Kalinke's
402:Romance in Iceland
385:Modern scholarship
350:Bishop of Skálholt
274:(a translation of
262:(a translation of
236:(a translation of
166:Chrétien de Troyes
32:
26:, as portrayed in
2332:
2331:
2287:Other saga genres
2007:Jóns saga leikara
1566:, pp. 6, 35.
1535:Astrid van Nahl,
1477:praefatio &c.
1041:Jóns saga leikara
932:De excidio Troiae
493:Boeve de Haumtone
277:De excidio Troiae
164:, a reworking of
134:Thomas of Britain
63:Icelanders' sagas
51:chansons de geste
2352:
2168:Þjalar-Jóns saga
2035:Mágus saga jarls
1958:Drauma-Jóns saga
1930:Blómstrvallasaga
1898:Trójumanna saga
1842:Karlamagnús saga
1779:Alexanders saga
1771:Translated sagas
1757:
1750:
1743:
1734:
1729:
1724:. Archived from
1715:
1713:10.7202/009382ar
1690:
1671:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1601:
1567:
1561:
1552:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1480:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1349:
1343:
1205:Þjalar-Jóns saga
1069:Mágus saga jarls
992:Drauma-Jóns saga
964:Blómstrvallasaga
888:(source unknown)
856:(source unknown)
848:(source unknown)
845:Ricar hinn gamli
768:(source unknown)
581:Karlamagnús saga
204:Karlamagnús saga
122:Hákon Hákonarson
96:Mágus saga jarls
2360:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2345:Chivalric sagas
2335:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2309:Legendary sagas
2282:
2193:Fimmbræðra saga
2173:
1923:Ála flekks saga
1903:
1766:
1764:Chivalric sagas
1761:
1728:on 2 June 2018.
1693:
1687:
1674:
1665:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1618:
1595:
1592:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1555:
1534:
1530:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1500:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1233:Fimmbræðra saga
1214:
957:Ála flekks saga
942:
926:Trójumanna saga
906:Bisclaretz ljóð
877:Les Deux Amants
709:Le Fresne (lai)
656:Bisclaretz ljóð
456:Alexanders saga
440:
435:
387:
362:
347:Jón Halldórsson
336:
271:Trójumanna saga
233:Alexanders saga
182:Marie de France
118:
110:legendary sagas
83:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2358:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2294:Bishops' sagas
2290:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2140:Valdimars saga
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1870:Partalopa saga
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1706:(3): 629–645.
1691:
1685:
1672:
1663:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1616:
1602:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1573:External links
1571:
1569:
1568:
1553:
1528:
1515:
1498:
1481:
1467:
1455:
1442:10.16995/dm.51
1415:
1391:
1378:
1365:
1350:
1348:, p. 372.
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1177:Valdimars saga
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
953:
941:
938:
937:
936:
922:
909:
891:
890:
889:
881:
869:
857:
849:
841:
829:
817:
805:
793:
781:
769:
761:
749:
737:
725:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
640:
630:Partalopa saga
626:
613:Parcevals saga
610:
598:
584:
577:
563:
551:
537:
523:
511:
497:
483:
466:
439:
436:
434:
431:
410:Jürg Glauser's
386:
383:
361:
358:
335:
332:
331:
330:
319:Parcevals saga
225:Partalopa saga
189:Parcevals saga
126:Brother Robert
117:
114:
82:
79:
75:Eufemiavisorna
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2357:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:Saints' sagas
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2070:Reinalds saga
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2014:Kirialax saga
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1828:Flóvents saga
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1686:0-8032-3317-5
1682:
1678:
1673:
1670:. De Gruyter.
1669:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1630:0-631-23502-7
1626:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1614:0-631-23502-7
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1564:Driscoll 1997
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:Driscoll 1997
1459:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1363:, p. 34.
1362:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1103:Reinalds saga
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1048:Kirialax saga
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
982:
980:
979:
975:
973:
972:
968:
966:
965:
961:
959:
958:
954:
952:
951:
947:
946:
945:
939:
934:
933:
928:
927:
923:
920:
917:
913:
910:
907:
903:
902:
897:
896:
892:
887:
886:
882:
879:
878:
873:
870:
867:
866:
861:
858:
855:
854:
853:Strandar ljóð
850:
847:
846:
842:
839:
838:
833:
830:
827:
826:
821:
818:
815:
814:
809:
806:
803:
802:
797:
794:
791:
790:
785:
782:
779:
778:
773:
770:
767:
766:
762:
759:
758:
753:
752:Guiamars ljóð
750:
747:
746:
741:
738:
735:
734:
729:
726:
723:
722:
717:
714:
711:
710:
705:
702:
699:
698:
693:
690:
687:
686:
681:
678:
675:
674:
669:
666:
663:
662:
657:
654:
651:
648:
647:
646:
645:
641:
638:
637:
632:
631:
627:
624:
623:
618:
617:Valvens þáttr
614:
611:
608:
607:
602:
599:
596:
595:
590:
589:
585:
583:
582:
578:
575:
574:
569:
568:
564:
561:
560:
555:
554:Flóvents saga
552:
549:
548:
543:
542:
538:
535:
534:
533:Érec et Énide
529:
528:
524:
521:
520:
515:
512:
509:
508:
503:
502:
498:
495:
494:
489:
488:
484:
481:
480:
476:
472:
471:
467:
464:
463:
458:
457:
453:
452:
451:
449:
445:
437:
432:
430:
428:
425:
421:
418:
414:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
384:
382:
380:
377:
371:
369:
368:
359:
357:
355:
351:
348:
344:
343:
333:
328:
324:
323:Velvens þáttr
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:Erec et Enide
296:
292:
291:
290:
287:
285:
284:
279:
278:
273:
272:
267:
266:
261:
260:
255:
251:
247:
246:
241:
240:
235:
234:
228:
226:
222:
221:Flóvents saga
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
200:
199:
194:
193:Valvens þáttr
190:
185:
183:
179:
178:
173:
172:
167:
163:
159:
158:
153:
152:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
98:
97:
92:
88:
80:
78:
76:
70:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
52:
47:
46:romance genre
43:
39:
38:
29:
25:
21:
2304:Kings' sagas
2275:
2270:Úlfhams saga
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2186:Ambales saga
2184:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2049:Mírmans saga
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1979:Gibbons saga
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1944:Dámusta saga
1942:
1937:Bærings saga
1935:
1928:
1921:
1916:Adonias saga
1914:
1896:
1889:
1884:Tiódels saga
1882:
1877:Strengleikar
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1849:Möttuls saga
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1763:
1726:the original
1703:
1699:
1676:
1667:
1659:
1656:Loth, Agnete
1648:
1639:
1620:
1605:
1597:
1548:
1545:Kalinke 1990
1540:
1536:
1531:
1523:
1518:
1491:
1484:
1475:
1470:
1458:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1346:Glauser 2005
1341:
1325:
1320:Úlfhams saga
1318:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1226:Ambales saga
1224:
1215:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1083:Mírmans saga
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1013:Gibbons saga
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
978:Dámusta saga
976:
971:Bærings saga
969:
962:
955:
950:Adonias saga
948:
943:
930:
924:
918:
911:
905:
899:
895:Tiódels saga
893:
883:
875:
871:
863:
859:
851:
843:
835:
831:
823:
819:
811:
808:Leikara ljóð
807:
799:
795:
787:
783:
775:
772:Januals ljóð
771:
763:
755:
751:
743:
739:
731:
727:
719:
715:
707:
703:
695:
691:
683:
679:
671:
667:
659:
655:
649:
644:Strengleikar
642:
634:
628:
620:
616:
612:
604:
600:
592:
588:Möttuls saga
586:
579:
571:
565:
557:
553:
545:
539:
531:
525:
517:
513:
505:
499:
491:
485:
477:
468:
460:
454:
448:riddarasögur
447:
443:
441:
426:
419:
412:
405:
401:
395:
390:
388:
378:
372:
365:
363:
340:
337:
327:riddarasögur
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
288:
281:
275:
269:
263:
257:
253:
243:
237:
231:
229:
224:
220:
216:
212:
202:
196:
192:
188:
186:
177:Strengleikar
175:
169:
161:
155:
151:Möttuls saga
149:
145:
141:
137:
129:
119:
116:Translations
105:
101:
94:
93:) occurs in
90:
87:riddarasögur
86:
84:
71:
59:riddarasögur
58:
56:
49:
37:riddarasögur
36:
35:
33:
28:Flateyjarbók
2324:Short tales
2056:Nítíða saga
1965:Ectors saga
1800:Breta sögur
1090:Nítíða saga
999:Ectors saga
765:Guruns ljóð
501:Breta sögur
462:Alexandreis
295:riddarasaga
259:Breta sögur
239:Alexandreis
213:Bevers saga
209:Charlemagne
91:riddarasaga
81:Terminology
2021:Klári saga
1986:Grega saga
1835:Ívens saga
1793:Bevis saga
1658:(1962-5).
1590:References
1403:Klári saga
1361:Naess 1993
1055:Klári saga
1020:Grega saga
901:Bisclavret
733:Chevrefoil
728:Geitarlauf
692:Douns ljóð
661:Bisclavret
652:'prologue'
567:Ívens saga
487:Bevis saga
342:Klári saga
311:Ívens saga
248:(based on
162:Ívens saga
104:(singular
89:(singular
57:While the
1814:Erex saga
1722:0026-0452
673:Chaitivel
527:Erex saga
381:of 1737.
303:Erex saga
198:Erex saga
102:lygisögur
85:The term
2339:Category
832:Naboreis
757:Guigemar
745:Graelent
668:Chetovel
559:Floovant
315:Perceval
106:lygisaga
919:Tristan
865:Tydorel
860:Tidorel
837:Nabaret
813:Lecheor
801:Laüstic
796:Laustik
740:Grelent
721:Equitan
716:Equitan
650:Forræða
268:), and
130:Tristan
44:of the
1720:
1683:
1627:
1612:
904:, via
777:Lanval
685:Desiré
680:Desire
422:, and
313:) and
1334:Notes
825:Milun
820:Milun
789:Yonec
784:Jonet
704:Eskja
400:1934
367:rímur
307:Yvain
171:Yvain
42:sagas
1718:ISSN
1681:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1610:ISBN
697:Doon
615:and
321:and
223:and
195:and
174:and
34:The
1708:doi
1437:doi
305:),
256:),
252:'s
242:),
168:'s
132:by
128:of
2341::
1716:.
1704:49
1702:.
1698:.
1556:^
1501:^
1435:.
1431:.
1427:.
1353:^
450::
429:.
415:,
408:,
393:.
227:.
219:,
215:,
191:,
184:.
160:,
112:.
1756:e
1749:t
1742:v
1710::
1689:.
1633:.
1513:.
1465:.
1445:.
1439::
1433:9
1401:"
1109:)
935:)
929:(
921:)
914:(
908:)
898:(
880:)
874:(
868:)
862:(
840:)
834:(
828:)
822:(
816:)
810:(
804:)
798:(
792:)
786:(
780:)
774:(
760:)
754:(
748:)
742:(
736:)
730:(
724:)
718:(
712:)
706:(
700:)
694:(
688:)
682:(
676:)
670:(
664:)
658:(
639:)
633:(
625:)
619:(
609:)
603:(
597:)
591:(
576:)
570:(
562:)
556:(
550:)
544:(
536:)
530:(
522:)
516:(
510:)
504:(
496:)
490:(
482:)
473:(
465:)
459:(
317:(
309:(
301:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
