37:
925:
Up to 95% of cats with this infection come from shelters that have poor hygiene practices. The presence of other animals, like in an animal shelter, increases prevalence. This could have an impact on the adoption rates of animals in infected shelters. People generally prefer cats that appear happy,
352:
discharge. The disease was characterized by its highly infectious nature and long infection time. To determine what the causative agent was, Baker made a suspension of the infected cat lungs and used the suspension to infect mice via their nasal passage. The infected specimens died 2-5 days after
988:"Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms"
200:
has been reported. Strains FP Pring and FP Cello have an extrachromosomal plasmid, whereas the FP Baker strain does not. FP Cello produces lethal disease in mice, whereas the FP Baker does not. An attenuated FP Baker strain, and an attenuated 905 strain, are used as live vaccines for cats.
953:
can cost anywhere from $ 0.61 to $ 13.26 USD. This cost of treatment can be financially limiting considering that all cats within a facility, shelter, or home must be treated regardless of whether they are infected to ensure the disease is effectively eradicated.
873:
can be spread from animal to human and still cause disease. People who own or handle cats regularly are at a higher risk of contracting an infection from an afflicted cat. The risk is even higher if the individual is
343:
cases observed in cats and later discovered that the atypical human pneumonia cases coincided with feline cases. Cats infected with this atypical pneumonia were recognized by their symptoms of sneezing, coughing, and
548:
sugars, and other essential molecules from the host cell. It is currently unknown exactly how the bacteria receive these molecules while residing in the inclusion. It is thought that the bacteria receive host
445:
phylum. The RB is the replicative phase of the pathogen's life cycle and has a higher metabolic activity compared to the EB. When the extracellular phase (EB) infects the host eukaryotic cell via
319:
species are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogens with two distinct life stages (see
Characterization) that are able to infect a wide range of mammals and birds around the world.
2018:
1853:
Halánová M, Sulinová Z, Cisláková L, Trbolová A, PálenĂk L, Weissová T, et al. (November 2011). "Chlamydophila felis in cats--are the stray cats dangerous source of infection?".
813:, and among stray cat communities. Young cats, around the age of one year or under, are at the highest risk of infection. Infection can be detected either by culturing a sample or by
435:, has evolved to have two distinct life stages: the elementary body (EB) and the reticulate body (RB). The EB is the infectious phase of the pathogen and is characterized by reduced
641:. After the strain had gone through several chicken egg passages, the strain went through four passages of McCoy cells before finally being used for genetic analysis. The genome of
801:, and discharge from the eye. The infection is not deadly, but if left untreated may cause blindness and pain for the cat. Infection is commonly spread among cats by
1979:
777:
is well adapted to live within its host and cannot survive for long outside of the host. Thus, direct contact is necessary for the pathogen to spread and is why
987:
773:
potential, though it is rare. Humans that are infected can suffer from conjunctivitis and/or respiratory problems. As typical of many members of its genus,
1518:
1966:
2005:
357:
of the deceased specimens, Baker confirmed that they died from the same disease from the condition of the lungs of the mice. He could not culture
1897:
1519:"Impact of way of life and environment on the prevalence of Chlamydia felis in cats as potentional [sic] sources of infection for humans"
1140:
1824:
Hillström A, Tvedten H, Källberg M, Hanås S, Lindhe A, Holst BS (June 2012). "Evaluation of cytologic findings in feline conjunctivitis".
2069:
1396:
528:
ability to synthesize and/or scavenge amino acids and nucleotides varies from species-to-species and from strain-to-strain, as shown by
335:
at the time) in 1942, but did not classify the organism. The organism was not formally classified until 1999. Baker started researching
938:
906:
597:, in which the cytochrome bd oxidase is necessary. The presence of a Na translocating NADH dehydrogenase suggests that instead of a
554:
450:
1326:"Chlamydial metabolism revisited: interspecies metabolic variability and developmental stage-specific physiologic activities"
2010:
714:
possess is called pCfe1 and is about 7,500 base pairs long. A recent study has suggested that the plasmid is necessary for
949:
that is commonly used to treat these infections at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight daily for four weeks. One 100 mg
578:
467:
genus. It is currently unknown how the bacteria receive their nutrients from the host while residing in the inclusion.
1992:
1561:
657:. Programs GenomeGambler, GeneHacker plus, and Glimmer 2.0 were used to predict protein-coding genes. To search from
789:
Infected cats typically contract conjunctivitis within a 2-5 day incubation period. Clinical signs of infection are
36:
1013:
814:
618:
1728:
1189:"a Virus Obtained From a Pneumonia of Cats and Its Possible Relation to the Cause of Atypical Pneumonia in Man"
826:
606:
574:
1590:"Severe Conjunctivitis Associated with Chlamydia felis Infection in a Free-ranging Eurasian Lynx ( Lynx lynx)"
361:
using the available culturing methods of the time, so for a while thought that the causative agent might be a
517:
373:
that had been separated from the mouse lungs, confirming that they were the causative agent of the disease.
1908:
416:
385:
173:
166:
162:
909:
in cats. If left untreated, it leads to damage in the eyes followed by a loss of vision and, eventually,
2064:
1120:
658:
650:
582:
439:
activity and the inability to replicate. The exact morphology of the EB varies among species within the
217:
121:
1634:
Gruffydd-Jones T, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, et al. (July 2009).
1127:. American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (Third ed.). Academic Press. pp. 1313–1370.
2059:
1953:
1476:
1200:
794:
404:
248:
453:
called an inclusion. Within the inclusion the RB cells will avoid the host cell's defenses, such as
842:
674:
602:
598:
229:
169:
1878:
1673:
1146:
963:
950:
838:
739:
646:
221:
31:
913:. While this is not fatal, it is still very uncomfortable for the cat. Many countries do have a
1984:
2031:
1940:
1870:
1841:
1777:
1665:
1635:
1611:
1540:
1455:
1357:
1265:
1216:
1136:
1094:
1072:
1005:
849:
cats it is recommended that they only receive the inactivated vaccine, and only if necessary.
594:
570:
509:
463:
458:
241:
225:
98:
1400:
2036:
1862:
1833:
1767:
1757:
1655:
1647:
1601:
1530:
1445:
1437:
1347:
1337:
1255:
1247:
1208:
1128:
1084:
995:
875:
846:
449:
the bacteria transforms into the replicative phase (RB) while remaining in a membrane-bound
237:
1588:
Marti I, Pisano SR, Wehrle M, Meli ML, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Ryser-Degiorgis MP (April 2019).
1071:
Azuma Y, Hirakawa H, Yamashita A, Cai Y, Rahman MA, Suzuki H, et al. (February 2006).
693:
does possess encode over 1,000 proteins. Many of the genes are highly conserved within the
1746:"Chlamydia felis-Case Report, Review of the Literature and Improved Molecular Diagnostics"
1421:
1188:
622:
558:
545:
1660:
1204:
1772:
1745:
1450:
1425:
1352:
1325:
1260:
1235:
1132:
902:
883:
393:
233:
2053:
1866:
1837:
798:
761:
610:
408:
400:
259:
88:
1677:
1150:
2023:
1945:
1882:
887:
666:
349:
177:
78:
1562:"Chlamydophila felis infection (feline chlamydophilosis) | International Cat Care"
1517:
Halánová M, Petrová L, Halán M, Trbolová A, Babinská I, Weissová T (June 2019).
1212:
942:
446:
441:
365:. Baker did find the causative agent when he spun the infected mouse lungs in a
181:
68:
58:
1931:
1651:
886:, various respiratory problems, and other diseases. Since most human cases are
1441:
1000:
946:
822:
790:
566:
541:
533:
521:
513:
505:
476:
436:
366:
1636:"Chlamydophila felis infection. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management"
769:
is found worldwide. It has been reported to infect humans as well, giving it
637:
A bacterial culture was obtained by inoculating fertilized chicken eggs with
1762:
1730:
Factors affecting the welfare and adoption rate of cats in an animal shelter
1342:
1089:
910:
809:
infection is most common in multicat environments such as shelters, breeder
695:
678:
481:
420:
340:
292:
280:
272:
211:
1997:
1874:
1845:
1781:
1669:
1615:
1544:
1535:
1459:
1361:
1269:
1220:
1098:
1009:
565:. With the nutrients gathered from the host cell, the bacteria can perform
1123:. In Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT (eds.).
1925:
1698:
870:
866:
770:
729:
was originally discovered in the lungs of cats suffering from pneumonia.
715:
626:
586:
525:
454:
428:
424:
396:
193:
185:
48:
1795:
1606:
1589:
1971:
914:
830:
818:
810:
744:
703:
562:
389:
369:. He found the elementary bodies (see Characterization sub-heading) of
354:
1251:
501:
497:
432:
345:
253:
However, there is some dispute that some of these species, including
1902:
890:, it is possible that this zoonosis occurs more often than we know.
1234:
Otten C, Brilli M, Vollmer W, Viollier PH, Salje J (January 2018).
926:
healthy, and playful. However, some cats are adopted out of pity.
734:
662:
654:
550:
362:
625:
pathway, as well as being capable of both creating and degrading
937:
has been isolated from up to 30% of cats with conjunctivitis or
686:
296:
1958:
1906:
461:. This method of infection and replication is common among the
817:. Ocular samples are the most common, but samples can also be
802:
1744:
Wons J, Meiller R, Bergua A, Bogdan C, Geißdörfer W (2017).
1073:"Genome sequence of the cat pathogen, Chlamydophila felis"
192:
can be recovered from the stomach and reproductive tract.
821:, nasal, and/or oral. The infection can be treated with
733:
used to be considered a strain of another member of its
681:. Compared to non-pathogenic organisms, the size of the
1324:
Omsland A, Sixt BS, Horn M, Hackstadt T (July 2014).
781:
infection is more common in multi-cat environments.
180:
worldwide, primarily causing inflammation of feline
1915:
718:, though the exact mechanism is currently unknown.
1236:"Peptidoglycan in obligate intracellular bacteria"
1523:Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
981:
979:
992:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
500:, it is missing the genes for several essential
986:Everett KD, Bush RM, Andersen AA (April 1999).
479:processes and genes are highly conserved among
561:and by stealing lipid droplets and host lipid
8:
1426:"Chlamydial Plasmid-Dependent Pathogenicity"
573:. The bacteria also have a fully functional
257:, should be classified in a separate genus,
649:. Each gene was then annotated by programs
1903:
20:
1771:
1761:
1733:(Thesis). University of British Columbia.
1659:
1605:
1534:
1449:
1351:
1341:
1259:
1088:
999:
869:potential which is the likelihood that a
759:due to dispute on the taxonomic usage of
577:(ETC), which includes a Na translocating
263:, but this has not been widely accepted.
878:or if there is poor hygiene. In humans,
327:James A. Baker published the finding of
1119:Fox JG, Otto G, Colby LA (2015-01-01).
975:
765:, which is still disputed to this day.
617:has also been shown to have a complete
299:that come from a common ancestor, with
1640:Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
1556:
1554:
1391:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
743:until it was recognized as a separate
1722:
1720:
1718:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1583:
1581:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1471:
1469:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
7:
1699:"Blindness | International Cat Care"
1133:10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00028-6
423:cells, specifically cats, but has
14:
677:that consists of around 1,100,00
1867:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01397.x
1838:10.1111/j.1939-165X.2012.00423.x
1121:"Chapter 28 - Selected Zoonoses"
504:for metabolic pathways, such as
399:, whose cell wall seems to lack
35:
939:upper respiratory tract disease
706:is also highly conserved among
417:obligate intracellular pathogen
845:, are available for cats. For
665:was used, and tRNAscan-SE for
339:due to the number of atypical
311:both share 841 orthologs with
1:
1826:Veterinary Clinical Pathology
1594:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
593:uses oxygen as its terminal
287:(causes pneumonia in mice).
1213:10.1126/science.96.2499.475
2086:
2070:Bacteria described in 1999
1855:Zoonoses and Public Health
1652:10.1016/j.jfms.2009.05.009
1187:Baker JA (November 1942).
1125:Laboratory Animal Medicine
907:upper respiratory problems
532:ability to synthesize the
188:and respiratory problems.
1442:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.006
1330:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
1001:10.1099/00207713-49-2-415
755:was then reclassified to
685:is relatively small. The
619:pentose phosphate pathway
353:initial infection. After
172:that infects cats. It is
127:
120:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
1727:Gourkow, Nadine (2001).
607:electrochemical gradient
575:electron transport chain
1763:10.3389/fmed.2017.00105
1343:10.1111/1574-6976.12059
994:. 49 Pt 2 (2): 415–40.
536:. In order to survive,
512:. It cannot synthesize
1430:Trends in Microbiology
1240:Molecular Microbiology
659:transmembrane proteins
601:, the bacteria uses a
457:, grow, and divide by
267:is closely related to
205:Taxonomy and Phylogeny
167:obligate intracellular
1750:Frontiers in Medicine
1477:"Feline Chlamydiosis"
1090:10.1093/dnares/dsi027
901:is a common cause of
583:cytochrome bd oxidase
215:contains the species
1536:10.26444/aaem/100655
795:nictitating membrane
747:and reclassified as
647:whole genome shotgun
137:Everett et al., 1999
16:Species of bacterium
2024:chlamydophila-felis
1917:Chlamydophila felis
1607:10.7589/2018-05-142
1397:"Chlamydia felis |"
1205:1942Sci....96..475B
797:(severity varies),
753:Chlamydophila felis
749:Chlamydophila felis
675:circular chromosome
603:sodium-motive force
599:proton-motive force
557:departing from the
333:Chlamydophila felis
151:Chlamydophila felis
964:Feline vaccination
865:typically has low
858:Zoonotic Potential
645:was sequenced via
579:NADH dehydrogenase
540:will take various
496:in general, small
194:Zoonotic infection
170:bacterial pathogen
155:Chlamydia psittaci
2047:
2046:
2032:Open Tree of Life
1909:Taxon identifiers
1424:(February 2017).
1252:10.1111/mmi.13880
1142:978-0-12-409527-4
876:immunocompromised
847:immunocompromised
825:, typically with
595:electron acceptor
571:citric acid cycle
563:transfer proteins
510:citric acid cycle
431:like many in its
142:
141:
2077:
2040:
2039:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2013:
2001:
2000:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1974:
1962:
1961:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1904:
1886:
1849:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1663:
1631:
1620:
1619:
1609:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1514:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1481:www.zoetis.co.uk
1473:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1399:. Archived from
1393:
1366:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1321:
1274:
1273:
1263:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1184:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1116:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1068:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1012:. Archived from
1003:
983:
605:for creating an
553:by intercepting
491:
377:Characterization
283:in humans), and
277:, C. trachomatis
153:and before that
133:
40:
39:
21:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2030:
2022:
2017:
2009:
2004:
1996:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1970:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1911:
1894:
1889:
1852:
1823:
1819:
1817:Further reading
1814:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1800:www.drugbank.ca
1794:
1793:
1789:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1726:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1685:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1516:
1515:
1494:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1406:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1369:
1323:
1322:
1277:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1199:(2499): 475–6.
1186:
1185:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1143:
1118:
1117:
1106:
1070:
1069:
1028:
1019:
1017:
985:
984:
977:
972:
960:
932:
930:Economic Impact
923:
896:
860:
855:
787:
757:Chlamydia felis
724:
635:
623:gluconeogenesis
611:plasma membrane
559:Golgi apparatus
524:. However, the
489:
473:
427:potential. The
394:microaerophilic
388:(also known as
379:
329:Chlamydia felis
325:
207:
196:of humans with
146:Chlamydia felis
138:
135:
131:Chlamydia felis
129:
116:
34:
25:Chlamydia felis
17:
12:
11:
5:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2052:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1989:
1976:
1963:
1950:
1937:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:Chlamydiae.com
1893:
1892:External links
1890:
1888:
1887:
1850:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1787:
1736:
1714:
1683:
1621:
1600:(2): 522–525.
1577:
1550:
1529:(2): 222–226.
1492:
1465:
1436:(2): 141–152.
1413:
1367:
1336:(4): 779–801.
1275:
1246:(2): 142–163.
1226:
1162:
1141:
1104:
1026:
974:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
959:
956:
931:
928:
922:
919:
903:conjunctivitis
895:
892:
884:conjunctivitis
859:
856:
854:
851:
786:
783:
723:
720:
710:. The plasmid
661:, the program
634:
631:
546:phosphorylated
472:
469:
459:binary fission
378:
375:
324:
321:
305:C. trachomatis
218:C. trachomatis
206:
203:
140:
139:
136:
125:
124:
118:
117:
110:
108:
104:
103:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2082:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:(7): 519–22.
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:(2): 283–90.
1831:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1801:
1797:
1796:"Doxycycline"
1791:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1403:on 2015-11-07
1402:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1016:on 2021-07-09
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
982:
980:
976:
969:
965:
962:
961:
957:
955:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
927:
920:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
893:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
868:
864:
857:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:tetracyclines
824:
820:
819:oropharyngeal
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:blepharospasm
796:
792:
784:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:
762:Chlamydophila
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:
736:
732:
728:
721:
719:
717:
716:pathogenicity
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:V-type ATPase
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
488:
484:
483:
478:
470:
468:
466:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:that infects
418:
414:
410:
409:coccobacillus
407:is that of a
406:
402:
401:peptidoglycan
398:
395:
391:
387:
386:Gram negative
383:
376:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
309:C. muridarium
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:C. pneumoniae
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:C. pneumoniae
266:
262:
261:
260:Chlamydophila
256:
252:
250:
249:C. pneumoniae
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
213:
204:
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
178:domestic cats
175:
171:
168:
164:
163:Gram-negative
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:
134:
132:
126:
123:
122:Binomial name
119:
115:
114:
113:C. felis
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:Chlamydiaceae
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
54:
53:
50:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2065:Cat diseases
1916:
1858:
1854:
1829:
1825:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:
1790:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1729:
1706:. Retrieved
1703:icatcare.org
1702:
1646:(7): 605–9.
1643:
1639:
1597:
1593:
1569:. Retrieved
1566:icatcare.org
1565:
1526:
1522:
1484:. Retrieved
1480:
1433:
1429:
1416:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:the original
1333:
1329:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1196:
1192:
1154:. Retrieved
1124:
1083:(1): 15–23.
1080:
1077:DNA Research
1076:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
991:
934:
933:
924:
898:
897:
888:asymptomatic
882:could cause
879:
862:
861:
853:Significance
834:
806:
788:
778:
774:
766:
760:
756:
752:
748:
738:
730:
726:
725:
711:
707:
701:
694:
690:
682:
670:
642:
638:
636:
614:
590:
537:
529:
493:
486:
480:
474:
462:
440:
412:
381:
380:
370:
358:
336:
332:
328:
326:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
288:
285:C. muridarum
284:
276:
268:
264:
258:
254:
247:
230:C. muridarum
228:, C. felis,
216:
210:
208:
197:
189:
158:
154:
150:
145:
144:
143:
130:
128:
112:
111:
99:
79:Chlamydiales
24:
18:
2060:Chlamydiota
917:available.
843:inactivated
823:antibiotics
805:secretion.
740:C. psittaci
702:A specific
609:across the
542:metabolites
522:amino acids
516:, nor many
514:nucleotides
447:endocytosis
442:Chlamydiota
415:is also an
291:shares 879
222:C. psittaci
182:conjunctiva
59:Chlamydiota
2054:Categories
1805:2020-04-12
1708:2020-04-04
1571:2020-05-07
1486:2020-05-07
1407:2020-04-04
1156:2020-04-24
1020:2018-12-29
970:References
947:antibiotic
943:Doxycyline
894:Cat Health
839:attenuated
791:hyperaemia
679:base pairs
667:tRNA genes
621:(PPP) and
567:glycolysis
544:, such as
534:tryptophan
530:C. felis's
526:bacteria's
506:glycolysis
471:Metabolism
421:eukaryotic
405:morphology
367:centrifuge
331:(known as
275:in humans)
242:C. pecorum
226:C. abortus
209:The genus
149:(formerly
69:Chlamydiia
911:blindness
811:catteries
708:Chlamydia
696:Chlamydia
518:cofactors
494:Chlamydia
485:. Due to
482:Chlamydia
477:metabolic
464:Chlamydia
455:lysosomes
437:metabolic
429:bacterium
397:bacterium
341:pneumonia
323:Discovery
317:Chlamydia
293:orthologs
281:Chlamydia
273:pneumonia
238:C. caviae
212:Chlamydia
107:Species:
100:Chlamydia
1985:10033206
1932:Q5102723
1926:Wikidata
1875:21824351
1846:22551068
1782:28770201
1678:12054556
1670:19481040
1661:11132279
1616:30376393
1545:31232049
1460:27712952
1362:24484402
1270:29178391
1221:17743467
1151:82669306
1099:16766509
1010:10319462
958:See also
935:C. felis
921:Adoption
899:C. felis
880:C. felis
871:pathogen
867:zoonotic
863:C. felis
835:C. felis
831:Vaccines
807:C. felis
779:C. felis
775:C. felis
771:zoonotic
767:C. felis
731:C. felis
727:C. felis
712:C. felis
699:genus.
691:C. felis
683:C. felis
673:has one
671:C. felis
643:C. felis
639:C. felis
627:glycogen
615:C. felis
591:C. felis
585:, and a
569:and the
555:vesicles
538:C. felis
508:and the
487:C. felis
425:zoonotic
413:C. felis
382:C. felis
371:C. felis
359:C. felis
337:C. felis
301:C. felis
279:(causes
271:(causes
265:C. felis
255:C. felis
198:C. felis
190:C. felis
186:rhinitis
85:Family:
55:Phylum:
49:Bacteria
45:Domain:
1972:3228242
1883:8754550
1773:5512277
1756:: 105.
1451:5272858
1422:Zhong G
1353:4790414
1261:5814848
1201:Bibcode
1193:Science
951:capsule
915:vaccine
837:, both
793:of the
785:Disease
745:species
722:Ecology
704:plasmid
502:enzymes
492:s, and
451:vesicle
355:autopsy
313:C.felis
234:C. suis
174:endemic
161:) is a
95:Genus:
75:Order:
65:Class:
2037:324521
2011:960468
1959:974050
1881:
1873:
1844:
1780:
1770:
1676:
1668:
1658:
1614:
1543:
1458:
1448:
1360:
1350:
1268:
1258:
1219:
1149:
1139:
1097:
1008:
945:is an
803:ocular
651:BLASTP
633:Genome
551:lipids
498:genome
433:phylum
403:. Its
390:diderm
346:ocular
315:. All
303:while
176:among
1998:89281
1980:IRMNG
1946:69X3W
1879:S2CID
1674:S2CID
1147:S2CID
735:genus
689:that
687:genes
663:SOSUI
655:FASTA
490:'
475:Many
384:is a
363:virus
350:nasal
297:genes
159:felis
157:var.
2019:LPSN
2006:ITIS
1967:GBIF
1871:PMID
1842:PMID
1778:PMID
1666:PMID
1612:PMID
1541:PMID
1456:PMID
1358:PMID
1266:PMID
1217:PMID
1137:ISBN
1095:PMID
1006:PMID
905:and
841:and
833:for
653:and
348:and
307:and
246:and
1993:ISC
1954:EoL
1941:CoL
1863:doi
1834:doi
1768:PMC
1758:doi
1656:PMC
1648:doi
1602:doi
1531:doi
1446:PMC
1438:doi
1348:PMC
1338:doi
1256:PMC
1248:doi
1244:107
1209:doi
1129:doi
1085:doi
996:doi
815:PCR
520:or
392:),
2056::
2034::
2021::
2008::
1995::
1982::
1969::
1956::
1943::
1928::
1877:.
1869:.
1859:58
1857:.
1840:.
1830:41
1828:.
1798:.
1776:.
1766:.
1752:.
1748:.
1717:^
1701:.
1686:^
1672:.
1664:.
1654:.
1644:11
1642:.
1638:.
1624:^
1610:.
1598:55
1596:.
1592:.
1580:^
1564:.
1553:^
1539:.
1527:26
1525:.
1521:.
1495:^
1479:.
1468:^
1454:.
1444:.
1434:25
1432:.
1428:.
1370:^
1356:.
1346:.
1334:38
1332:.
1328:.
1278:^
1264:.
1254:.
1242:.
1238:.
1215:.
1207:.
1197:96
1195:.
1191:.
1165:^
1145:.
1135:.
1107:^
1093:.
1081:13
1079:.
1075:.
1029:^
1004:.
990:.
978:^
941:.
829:.
751:.
737:,
669:.
629:.
613:.
589:.
581:,
411:.
295:,
240:,
236:,
232:,
224:,
220:,
184:,
165:,
1885:.
1865::
1848:.
1836::
1808:.
1784:.
1760::
1754:4
1711:.
1680:.
1650::
1618:.
1604::
1574:.
1547:.
1533::
1489:.
1462:.
1440::
1410:.
1364:.
1340::
1272:.
1250::
1223:.
1211::
1203::
1159:.
1131::
1101:.
1087::
1023:.
998::
251:.
244:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
