217:). This is either employed in the short term as a habit-breaking intention or more permanently (e.g., wearing the prosthesis each night during sleep). Psychological intervention has also been attempted, with some studies reporting negative findings, while some individuals seem to benefit from behavioral procedures involving
83:
The lesions are located on the mucosa, usually bilaterally in the central part of the anterior buccal mucosa and along the occlusal plane level (the level at which the upper and lower teeth meet). Sometimes, the tongue or the labial mucosa (the inside lining of the lips) is affected by a similarly
233:
This phenomenon is fairly common, with one in every 800 adults showing evidence of active lesions at any one time. It is more common in people who are experiencing stress or psychological conditions. The prevalence in females is double the prevalence in males, and it is two or three times more
108:
The cause is the chronic parafunctional activity of the masticatory system, which produces frictional, crushing, and incisive damage to the mucosal surface, and over time, the characteristic lesions develop. Most people know a cheek-chewing habit, although it may be performed subconsciously.
452:
121:
involves chronic suction and may produce similar irritation of the buccal mucosa. Identical or more severe damage may be caused by self-mutilation in people with psychiatric disorders, learning disabilities, or rare syndromes (e.g.
209:
The lesions are harmless; no treatment is indicated beyond reassurance unless the person requests it. The most common and simple treatment is the construction of a specially made acrylic
1659:
1841:
170:, who are at higher risk of oral hairy leukoplakia, a tissue biopsy may be required to differentiate between this and frictional keratosis from cheek and tongue chewing.
222:
888:
1846:
2498:
117:", which is the term for the area where the dental arch is usually situated, where lateral forces between the tongue and cheek musculature are in balance.
2508:
500:
2473:
1671:
1622:
396:"Habit reversal vs negative practice treatment of self-destructive oral habits (biting, chewing or licking of the lips, cheeks, tongue or palate)"
113:
may be the cause if the original bite is altered. Usually, the teeth are placed too far facially (i.e., buccally and/or labially), outside the "
260:
2156:
1999:
1273:
757:
2400:
1033:
378:
330:
2375:
2312:
2307:
2189:
1617:
1597:
509:
198:
2503:
2221:
1858:
1312:
2206:
2041:
300:
2046:
1570:
1179:
883:
868:
806:
752:
675:
493:
167:
2098:
2061:
1791:
1072:
984:
2108:
2056:
1863:
1796:
1565:
1065:
1060:
1011:
201:; the DSM-5 uses the more descriptive terms lip biting and cheek chewing (p. 263) instead of morsicatio buccarum.
2113:
1831:
1735:
1206:
670:
197:(DSM-5) classifies the condition under "Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder" (300.3) as a
123:
2420:
2199:
2184:
1880:
1836:
1781:
1654:
1612:
1380:
1226:
114:
2253:
1585:
84:
produced lesion, termed morsicatio linguarum and morsicatio labiorum, respectively. There may be a coexistent
75:(the lining of the inside of the cheek within the mouth), caused by repetitive chewing, biting, or nibbling.
2317:
2118:
2083:
1909:
1776:
1580:
1360:
1201:
1147:
1077:
999:
979:
966:
943:
486:
218:
92:. The lesions are white with thickening and shredding of mucosa commonly combined with intervening zones of
2463:
2430:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2030:
1957:
1913:
1809:
1804:
1590:
1420:
1415:
1390:
1236:
1167:
994:
903:
821:
548:
1087:
811:
190:
meaning "cheek". This term has been described as "a classic example of medical terminology gone astray".
138:
The diagnosis is usually made on the clinical appearance alone, and biopsy is not usually indicated. The
2272:
2174:
1786:
1664:
1644:
1526:
1485:
1348:
1336:
1285:
948:
127:
1021:
100:. The surface is irregular, and people may occasionally have loose sections of mucosa that come away.
2370:
2009:
1994:
1560:
1493:
1099:
831:
2425:
2161:
2141:
2131:
2004:
1937:
1819:
1814:
1740:
1639:
1292:
1216:
1055:
1004:
933:
846:
836:
762:
737:
595:
213:
that covers the biting surfaces of the teeth and protects the cheek, tongue, and labial mucosa (an
702:
2468:
2322:
2126:
1942:
1890:
1851:
1548:
1464:
1395:
1104:
928:
908:
861:
747:
692:
655:
645:
630:
560:
85:
2415:
2390:
2051:
395:
2166:
1755:
1720:
1553:
1449:
1307:
1231:
938:
878:
841:
816:
665:
543:
538:
415:
374:
326:
296:
256:
159:
55:
2136:
1771:
1761:
1725:
1634:
1385:
1324:
1258:
1248:
1196:
1094:
989:
826:
407:
155:
2292:
2078:
1873:
1766:
1602:
1521:
1501:
1425:
1410:
1280:
1184:
1152:
1123:
1045:
971:
767:
650:
640:
585:
570:
214:
89:
2458:
2410:
2380:
2248:
2179:
2146:
1868:
1607:
1341:
1221:
1016:
801:
614:
2492:
2360:
2238:
2066:
1885:
1649:
1629:
1538:
1405:
1365:
1162:
923:
898:
873:
851:
635:
625:
590:
411:
143:
72:
60:
17:
346:
2211:
1987:
1982:
1967:
1947:
1917:
1750:
1459:
1400:
1331:
1253:
1243:
1211:
1174:
1135:
1127:
742:
697:
682:
580:
575:
478:
118:
368:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2302:
2297:
2228:
1302:
1263:
1082:
958:
918:
786:
707:
687:
2365:
2151:
1977:
1745:
1575:
1516:
1454:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1370:
1353:
1297:
1268:
1189:
1050:
1028:
913:
893:
461:
210:
163:
97:
2233:
2216:
1952:
1730:
1533:
1157:
1040:
660:
555:
533:
179:
139:
291:
Bouquot, Jerry E.; Brad W. Neville; Douglas D. Damm; Carl M. Allen (2002).
419:
2243:
2194:
1962:
1715:
1696:
1676:
1497:
1375:
1319:
565:
151:
110:
93:
444:
150:. Typically there is superficial colonization by bacteria. There may be
2329:
2287:
1972:
1932:
1826:
1700:
1489:
856:
147:
2071:
1543:
1131:
726:
456:
325:(2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 223, 349.
323:
Oral and maxillofacial medicine: the basis of diagnosis and treatment
195:
Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
71:
is a condition characterized by chronic irritation or injury to the
370:
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5
194:
251:
Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007).
465:
2447:
2346:
2270:
2028:
1907:
1693:
1483:
1121:
784:
724:
612:
520:
482:
522:
295:(2. ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 253–254.
158:. There is a similarity between this appearance and that of
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
274:
272:
400:
Journal of
Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
316:
314:
312:
27:
Injury to the inner cheek lining due to repeated biting
394:
Azrin, N.H.; Nunn, R.G.; Frantz-Renshaw, S.E. (1982).
434:
146:
producing a ragged surface with many projections of
438:
54:
40:
35:
1922:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
234:prevalent in people over the age of thirty-five.
2277:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
889:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
88:, which corresponds to the occlusal plane, or
1847:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
494:
8:
182:. The term is derived from the Latin words,
2444:
2343:
2267:
2025:
1904:
1690:
1480:
1118:
781:
721:
609:
517:
501:
487:
479:
435:
373:(5th ed.). American Psychiatric Pub.
32:
367:American Psychiatric Association (2013).
2474:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
1623:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
243:
1660:As a manifestation of systemic disease
7:
1506:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
2157:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
2000:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
2499:Conditions of the mucous membranes
1274:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
758:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
293:Oral & maxillofacial pathology
154:cells in the upper portion of the
25:
178:Morsicatio buccarum is a type of
2509:Body-focused repetitive behavior
2376:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
2313:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
2308:Central hypoventilation syndrome
2190:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
1618:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
1598:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
510:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
199:body-focused repetitive behavior
2222:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
1859:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
1313:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
2207:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
2042:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
1:
2401:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
2350:Soft tissues around the mouth
2047:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
347:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
109:Sometimes poorly constructed
1571:Gingival cyst of the newborn
1180:Failure of eruption of teeth
884:Hand, foot and mouth disease
869:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
807:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
753:Palatal cysts of the newborn
676:Transient lingual papillitis
412:10.1016/0005-7916(82)90035-0
168:human immunodeficiency virus
142:appearance is one of marked
2099:Salivary gland diverticulum
2062:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
1073:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
985:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
2525:
2109:Salivary gland hyperplasia
2057:HIV salivary gland disease
1566:Gingival cyst of the adult
1012:Oral florid papillomatosis
2454:
2443:
2356:
2348:Orofacial soft tissues –
2342:
2283:
2266:
2114:Salivary gland hypoplasia
2037:
2024:
1928:
1903:
1842:Bisphosphonate-associated
1736:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
1711:
1689:
1512:
1479:
1207:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
1143:
1117:
797:
780:
733:
720:
671:Median rhomboid glossitis
621:
608:
529:
516:
321:Scully, Crispian (2008).
253:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
2421:Orofacial granulomatosis
2200:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
2185:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
2119:Salivary gland neoplasms
1910:Temporomandibular joints
1881:Periapical periodontitis
1613:Linear gingival erythema
1381:Regional odontodysplasia
1227:Enamel hypocalcification
2318:Obstructive sleep apnea
2084:Salivary duct stricture
1864:Paget's disease of bone
1361:Pulp canal obliteration
1202:Dentin hypersensitivity
1148:Amelogenesis imperfecta
1000:Squamous cell carcinoma
980:Adenosquamous carcinoma
967:Squamous cell papilloma
944:Melanocytic oral lesion
219:habit reversal training
2504:Oral mucosal pathology
2464:Hemifacial hypertrophy
2431:Pyostomatitis vegetans
2104:Salivary gland fistula
2094:Salivary gland atresia
2089:Salivary gland aplasia
1943:Mandibular dislocation
1914:muscles of mastication
1792:Calcifying odontogenic
1421:Vertical root fracture
1416:Cracked tooth syndrome
1391:Shovel-shaped incisors
1286:Wisdom tooth impaction
1168:Early childhood caries
1034:Benign mucous membrane
995:Spindle cell carcinoma
904:Intraoral dental sinus
822:Burning mouth syndrome
2273:Stomatognathic system
2175:Acinic cell carcinoma
1797:Glandular odontogenic
949:Molluscum contagiosum
128:familial dysautonomia
49:Chronic cheek chewing
18:Chronic cheek chewing
2416:Oral Crohn's disease
2371:Basal cell carcinoma
2010:Condylar hyperplasia
1995:Maxillary hypoplasia
1561:Gingival enlargement
1494:periodontal ligament
1100:Verruciform xanthoma
832:Condyloma acuminatum
255:. St. Louis: Mosby.
180:frictional keratosis
124:Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
45:Chronic cheek biting
2426:Perioral dermatitis
2162:Pleomorphic adenoma
2142:Monomorphic adenoma
2132:Canalicular adenoma
2005:Condylar hypoplasia
1938:Condylar resorption
1782:Lateral periodontal
1741:Mandibular fracture
1640:Periodontal abscess
1237:Turner's hypoplasia
1005:Verrucous carcinoma
954:Morsicatio buccarum
934:Lupus erythematosus
847:Erythema multiforme
763:Stomatitis nicotina
186:meaning "bite" and
69:Morsicatio buccarum
36:Morsicatio buccarum
2469:Facial hemiatrophy
2323:Periodic breathing
2254:Sjögren's syndrome
2127:Basal cell adenoma
1891:Torus mandibularis
1869:Periapical abscess
1852:Osteoradionecrosis
1777:Buccal bifurcation
1756:Intraosseous cysts
1645:Periodontal trauma
1549:Pyogenic granuloma
1396:Supernumerary root
1349:Pulp calcification
1337:Premature eruption
1308:Odontogenic tumors
1105:White sponge nevus
1078:Submucous fibrosis
1022:Smoker's melanosis
909:Irritation fibroma
748:High-arched palate
656:Foliate papillitis
646:Cunnilingus tongue
631:Black hairy tongue
561:Congenital lip pit
156:prickle cell layer
144:hyperparakeratosis
79:Signs and symptoms
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2439:
2438:
2338:
2337:
2262:
2261:
2167:Sebaceous adenoma
2020:
2019:
1899:
1898:
1810:Median mandibular
1805:Nasopalatine duct
1721:Alveolar osteitis
1685:
1684:
1672:Perio-endo lesion
1554:Congenital epulis
1475:
1474:
1232:Enamel hypoplasia
1113:
1112:
1088:Riga–Fede disease
939:Melanocytic nevus
879:Hairy leukoplakia
842:Epulis fissuratum
776:
775:
716:
715:
666:Geographic tongue
604:
603:
476:
475:
262:978-1-4160-2999-1
166:. In people with
162:, linea alba and
160:hairy leukoplakia
66:
65:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2516:
2445:
2344:
2268:
2137:Ductal papilloma
2026:
1905:
1802:Non-odontogenic:
1787:Globulomaxillary
1726:Buccal exostosis
1691:
1635:Peri-implantitis
1481:
1197:Dentin dysplasia
1119:
1095:Verruca vulgaris
990:Mucosal melanoma
837:Darier's disease
812:Behçet's disease
782:
738:Bednar's aphthae
722:
610:
596:Trumpeter's wart
518:
503:
496:
489:
480:
436:
424:
423:
391:
385:
384:
364:
358:
357:
355:
353:
343:
337:
336:
318:
307:
306:
288:
267:
266:
248:
111:prosthetic teeth
33:
21:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2478:
2450:
2435:
2391:Ludwig's angina
2352:
2334:
2293:Mouth breathing
2279:
2258:
2079:Pneumoparotitis
2052:Frey's syndrome
2033:
2031:Salivary glands
2016:
1924:
1895:
1874:Phoenix abscess
1707:
1703:hard tissues –
1681:
1603:Hypercementosis
1522:Cementoblastoma
1508:
1471:
1185:Dens evaginatus
1139:
1109:
1061:Denture-related
1046:Plasmoacanthoma
972:Keratoacanthoma
793:
791:Lining of mouth
772:
768:Torus palatinus
729:
712:
693:Lingual thyroid
651:Fissured tongue
641:Crenated tongue
617:
600:
586:Nasolabial cyst
571:Herpes labialis
525:
512:
507:
477:
472:
471:
447:
433:
428:
427:
393:
392:
388:
381:
366:
365:
361:
351:
349:
345:
344:
340:
333:
320:
319:
310:
303:
290:
289:
270:
263:
250:
249:
245:
240:
231:
215:occlusal splint
207:
176:
136:
106:
90:crenated tongue
81:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:Eagle syndrome
2455:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2381:Cystic hygroma
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2271:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2249:Sialolithiasis
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2180:Adenocarcinoma
2177:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:Myoepithelioma
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1820:Traumatic bone
1817:
1815:Median palatal
1812:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1608:Hypocementosis
1605:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1484:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1342:Neonatal teeth
1334:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1222:Ectopic enamel
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1017:Oral melanosis
1014:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
974:
969:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
865:
864:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
817:Bohn's nodules
814:
809:
804:
802:Amalgam tattoo
798:
795:
794:
785:
778:
777:
774:
773:
771:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
734:
731:
730:
725:
718:
717:
714:
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439:Classification
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174:Classification
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2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
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2446:
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2427:
2424:
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2419:
2417:
2414:
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2409:
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2402:
2399:
2397:
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2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:Actinomycosis
2359:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
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2294:
2291:
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2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:Sialodochitis
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
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2198:
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2178:
2176:
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2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
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2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
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1998:
1996:
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1989:
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1950:
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1946:
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1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:malocclusions
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Stafne defect
1884:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:Osteonecrosis
1835:
1833:
1832:Osteomyelitis
1830:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
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1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
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1742:
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1734:
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1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1705:Bones of jaws
1702:
1698:
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1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
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1658:
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1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:Periodontitis
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:Pericoronitis
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:Granulomatous
1584:
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1579:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
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1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1539:Eruption cyst
1537:
1535:
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1528:
1525:
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1520:
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1515:
1514:
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1507:
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1379:
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1366:Pulp necrosis
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1355:
1352:
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1217:Discoloration
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924:Lichen planus
922:
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905:
902:
900:
899:Herpes zoster
897:
895:
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877:
875:
874:Fordyce spots
872:
870:
867:
863:
860:
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855:
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852:Erythroplakia
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848:
845:
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835:
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828:
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649:
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644:
642:
639:
637:
636:Caviar tongue
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Ankyloglossia
624:
623:
620:
616:
611:
607:
597:
594:
592:
591:Sun poisoning
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
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569:
567:
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559:
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380:9780890425572
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332:9780443068188
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96:(redness) or
95:
91:
87:
78:
76:
74:
73:buccal mucosa
70:
62:
61:Oral medicine
59:
57:
53:
50:
46:
43:
39:
34:
19:
2349:
2276:
2212:Sialadenitis
2171:
2123:
1988:Scissor bite
1983:Retrognathia
1968:Overeruption
1948:Malocclusion
1921:
1801:
1760:
1751:Micrognathia
1704:
1695:Periapical,
1581:Desquamative
1505:
1486:Periodontium
1460:Acid erosion
1401:Taurodontism
1332:Open contact
1244:Enamel pearl
1212:Dilaceration
1175:Concrescence
976:
963:
953:
790:
743:Cleft palate
703:Microglossia
698:Macroglossia
683:Glossoptosis
581:Microcheilia
576:Macrocheilia
451:
406:(1): 49–54.
403:
399:
389:
369:
362:
350:. Retrieved
341:
322:
292:
252:
246:
232:
229:Epidemiology
208:
192:
187:
183:
177:
137:
119:Glassblowing
115:neutral zone
107:
82:
68:
67:
48:
44:
2406:Microstomia
2396:Macrostomia
2386:Gnathophyma
2303:Catathrenia
2298:Sleep apnea
2229:Sialectasis
1772:Dentigerous
1762:Odontogenic
1591:Plasma cell
1527:Gigantiform
1303:Microdontia
1293:Macrodontia
1264:Hyperdontia
959:Oral cancer
919:Leukoplakia
827:Candidiasis
787:Oral mucosa
708:Rhabdomyoma
688:Hypoglossia
549:Plasma cell
41:Other names
2493:Categories
2366:Angioedema
2172:Malignant:
2152:Oncocytoma
1978:Prognathia
1767:periapical
1746:Microgenia
1697:mandibular
1655:Aggressive
1576:Gingivitis
1517:Cementicle
1455:Abfraction
1445:Tooth wear
1438:Edentulism
1433:Tooth loss
1386:Resorption
1371:Pulp polyp
1354:Pulp stone
1298:Meth mouth
1269:Hypodontia
1259:Gemination
1190:Talon cusp
1083:Ulceration
1051:Stomatitis
1029:Pemphigoid
977:Malignant:
929:Linea alba
914:Leukoedema
894:Herpangina
862:Giant-cell
352:4 February
302:0721690033
238:References
223:decoupling
211:prosthesis
164:leukoedema
152:vacuolated
140:histologic
98:ulceration
86:linea alba
2234:Sialocele
2217:Parotitis
1958:Open bite
1953:Crossbite
1731:Cherubism
1701:maxillary
1534:Cementoma
1465:Attrition
1281:Impaction
1249:Fluorosis
1158:Anodontia
1153:Ankylosis
1041:Pemphigus
661:Glossitis
556:Cleft lip
534:Cheilitis
205:Treatment
134:Diagnosis
56:Specialty
2244:Sialosis
2195:Lymphoma
2067:Mucocele
1963:Overbite
1716:Agnathia
1677:Teething
1502:alveolus
1498:cementum
1450:Abrasion
1426:Occlusal
1411:Avulsion
1376:Pulpitis
1320:Odontoma
1066:Herpetic
1056:Aphthous
566:Eclabium
468:K13.110)
94:erythema
2330:Snoring
2288:Bruxism
2124:Benign:
1973:Overjet
1933:Bruxism
1827:Osteoma
1665:Chronic
1490:gingiva
964:Benign:
857:Fibroma
544:Angular
539:Actinic
420:7068895
184:morusus
148:keratin
2072:Ranula
1544:Epulis
1406:Trauma
1254:Fusion
1163:Caries
1136:enamel
1132:dentin
727:Palate
615:Tongue
418:
377:
329:
299:
259:
104:Causes
2449:Other
1124:Teeth
466:ILDSl
462:K13.1
188:bucca
2411:Noma
1916:and
1699:and
1504:) –
1128:pulp
523:Lips
416:PMID
375:ISBN
354:2013
327:ISBN
297:ISBN
257:ISBN
221:and
193:The
126:and
47:and
453:ICD
408:doi
225:.
130:).
2495::
2275:–
1920:–
1912:,
1500:,
1496:,
1492:,
1134:,
1130:,
789:–
460::
457:10
414:.
404:13
402:.
398:.
311:^
271:^
1764::
1488:(
1138:)
1126:(
502:e
495:t
488:v
464:(
455:-
445:D
422:.
410::
383:.
356:.
335:.
305:.
265:.
20:)
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